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It was recently found that, going beyond the tendfold Altland-Zirnbauer symmetry classes and violating the bulk-boundary correspondence of the usual topological phases, PT-invariant systems support a real Chern insulator with the so-called boundary criticality, which forbids the transition between different orders of topological phases accompanied by the closing and reopening of the bulk-band gap. Here, we fnd that the periodic driving can break the boundary criticality of a PT-invariant system. Setting free from the the boundary criticality, diverse first- and second-order topological phases absent in the static case are found in both the zero and Pi/T modes. The application of our result in the three-dimensional PT-invariant system permits us to discover exotic second-order Dirac and nodal-line semimetals with coexisting surface and hinge Fermi arcs. Enriching the family of the topological phases in PT-invariant systems, our result provides us a useful way to explore novel topological phases., Comment: 7 pages and 3 figures

We present the integral field spectroscopic observations of ionized gas (H$\alpha$ and [{\ion{N}{II}}]) using the PCWI, along with deep CO(2-1) observations by the $^\backprime\bar{\rm U}^\backprime\bar{\rm u}$ receiver on JCMT for AGC 102004. The velocity field of H$\alpha$ shows an anomalous distribution in the North-Western (NW) disk. The H$\alpha$ spectrum is well-fitted by two Gaussian components, and the weak Gaussian component is dominated by the anomalous H$\alpha$ in the NW disk. The Gaussian fit center of H$\alpha$ emission is offset by +24.2 km s$^{-1}$ from the systemic velocity obtained from the HI emission. We derive the gas-phase metallicity, 12+log(O/H), using [{\ion{N}{II}}]$\lambda$6583/H$\alpha$ ratio as a proxy. The mean value of 12+log(O/H) is 8.30 $\pm$ 0.19 over the whole galaxy. The metallicity in the outer disk is lower than the detection limit of 7.72, indicating the metallicity gradient exists in AGC 102004. We speculate a minor/mini-merger event could have happened to the NW disk. CO(2-1) emission has non-detection in AGC 102004, reaching a noise level of 0.33 mK smoothed to 30 km s$^{-1}$. The upper limit of molecular gas mass in AGC 102004 is 2.1 $\times$ 10$^7$ M$\odot$ with X$_{\rm CO}$ = 3.02$\times$10$^{20}$ cm$^{-2}$ (K km s$^{-1}$)$^{-1}$. The M$_{\rm H_2}$/M$^{\rm corr}_{\rm HI}$ of AGC 102004 is lower than 0.0037 and lower than that of normal galaxies., Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ

Prostate cancer (PCa) poses a significant threat to men's health, with early diagnosis being crucial for improving prognosis and reducing mortality rates. Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) plays a vital role in the diagnosis and image-guided intervention of PCa.To facilitate physicians with more accurate and efficient computer-assisted diagnosis and interventions, many image processing algorithms in TRUS have been proposed and achieved state-of-the-art performance in several tasks, including prostate gland segmentation, prostate image registration, PCa classification and detection, and interventional needle detection.The rapid development of these algorithms over the past two decades necessitates a comprehensive summary. In consequence, this survey provides a systematic analysis of this field, outlining the evolution of image processing methods in the context of TRUS image analysis and meanwhile highlighting their relevant contributions. Furthermore, this survey discusses current challenges and suggests future research directions to possibly advance this field further.

Prostate cancer is a highly prevalent cancer and ranks as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men globally. Recently, the utilization of multi-modality transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) has gained significant traction as a valuable technique for guiding prostate biopsies. In this study, we propose a novel learning framework for clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) classification using multi-modality TRUS. The proposed framework employs two separate 3D ResNet-50 to extract distinctive features from B-mode and shear wave elastography (SWE). Additionally, an attention module is incorporated to effectively refine B-mode features and aggregate the extracted features from both modalities. Furthermore, we utilize few shot segmentation task to enhance the capacity of classification encoder. Due to the limited availability of csPCa masks, a prototype correction module is employed to extract representative prototypes of csPCa. The performance of the framework is assessed on a large-scale dataset consisting of 512 TRUS videos with biopsy-proved prostate cancer. The results demonstrate the strong capability in accurately identifying csPCa, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.86. Moreover, the framework generates visual class activation mapping (CAM), which can serve as valuable assistance for localizing csPCa. These CAM images may offer valuable guidance during TRUS-guided targeted biopsies, enhancing the efficacy of the biopsy procedure.The code is available at https://github.com/2313595986/SmileCode.

The progression of deep learning and the widespread adoption of sensors have facilitated automatic multi-view fusion (MVF) about the cardiovascular system (CVS) signals. However, prevalent MVF model architecture often amalgamates CVS signals from the same temporal step but different views into a unified representation, disregarding the asynchronous nature of cardiovascular events and the inherent heterogeneity across views, leading to catastrophic view confusion. Efficient training strategies specifically tailored for MVF models to attain comprehensive representations need simultaneous consideration. Crucially, real-world data frequently arrives with incomplete views, an aspect rarely noticed by researchers. Thus, the View-Centric Transformer (VCT) and Multitask Masked Autoencoder (M2AE) are specifically designed to emphasize the centrality of each view and harness unlabeled data to achieve superior fused representations. Additionally, we systematically define the missing-view problem for the first time and introduce prompt techniques to aid pretrained MVF models in flexibly adapting to various missing-view scenarios. Rigorous experiments involving atrial fibrillation detection, blood pressure estimation, and sleep staging-typical health monitoring tasks-demonstrate the remarkable advantage of our method in MVF compared to prevailing methodologies. Notably, the prompt technique requires finetuning less than 3% of the entire model's data, substantially fortifying the model's resilience to view missing while circumventing the need for complete retraining. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approaches, highlighting their potential for practical applications in cardiovascular health monitoring. Codes and models are released at URL., Comment: 16 pages,12 figures

For spinful systems with spin 1/2, it is generally believed that P and T invariant strong and second-order topologies exist in four band and eight band system, respectively. Here, by using periodic driving, we find it is possible to have strong topological insulator, second-order topological insulator and hybrid-order topological insulator in a single four band system. Furthermore, we established a direct connection between topology and dynamics. More convenient experimental detection for these topological phases has also been proposed. This study provides the theoretical basis for novel topological insulator that possess hybrid-order boundary states beyond the conventional regimes., Comment: 7 pages

Based on the slopes between DESI $g,r$ and IRAS 100 $\mu m$ intensities, specifically $k_{g}$ and $k_{r}$, we have constructed a substantial sample of Galactic cirri. This sample covers 561.25 deg$^2$ at high Galactic latitudes (|b| $\geq$ 30$^{\circ}$), allowing for a systematic study of the physical parameters of the Galactic cirrus on a large scale, such as $g-r$ color, dust temperature, asymmetry factor and albedo. The ratio of $k_{g}$ and $k_{r}$ is consistent with the diffuse Galactic starlight model, suggesting that the diffuse starlight within our own Galaxy serves as the primary illumination source for the cirrus. Both $k_{g}$ and $k_{r}$ decrease slowly with increasing Galactic latitudes and IRAS 100 $\mu m$ intensities, while they do not have a correlation with Galactic longitudes. The distribution of $k_{g}$ and $k_{r}$ confirms a significant scatter in the slopes, reaching a factor of 4-5. Such large scatter cannot be explained by the weak correlation between the slopes and Galactic latitudes and IRAS 100 $\mu m$ intensities. Instead, it is attributed to substantial variations in the intrinsic properties of the dust, e.g., asymmetry factor and albedo. We propose that the properties of dust particles play a critical role in the observed scatter in slopes, making them the primary contributing factors. Moreover, the variations in dust properties within the cirrus are localized rather than exhibiting large-scale gradients., Comment: 26 pages, 16 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in AJ

Room-temperature (RT) two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnets hold immense promise for next-generation spintronic devices for information storage and processing. To achieve high-density energy-efficient spintronic devices, it is essential to understand local magnetic properties of RT 2D vdW magnets. In this work, we realize noninvasive in situ magnetic detection in vdW-layered ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2 using divacancy spins quantum sensor in silicon carbide (SiC) at RT. The structural features and magnetic properties of the Fe3GaTe2 are characterized utilizing Raman spectrum, magnetization and magneto-transport measurements. Further detailed analysis of temperature- and magnetic field-dependent optically detected magnetic resonances of the PL6 divacancy near the Fe3GaTe2 reveal that, the Curie temperature (Tc) of Fe3GaTe2 is ~360K, and the magnetization increases with external magnetic fields. Additionally, spin relaxometry technology is employed to probe the magnetic fluctuations of Fe3GaTe2, revealing a peak in the spin relaxation rate around Tc. These experiments give insights into the intriguing local magnetic properties of 2D vdW RT ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2 and pave the way for the application of SiC quantum sensors in noninvasive in situ magnetic detection of related 2D vdW magnets., Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures

High-accuracy microwave sensing is widely demanded in various fields, ranging from cosmology to microwave quantum technology. Quantum receivers based on inorganic solid-state spin systems are promising candidates for such purpose because of the stability and compatibility, but their best sensitivity is currently limited to a few pT/$\sqrt{\rm{Hz}}$. Here, by utilising an enhanced readout scheme with the state-of-the-art solid-state maser technology, we develop a robust microwave quantum receiver functioned by organic molecular spins at ambient conditions. Owing to the maser amplification, the sensitivity of the receiver achieves 6.14 $\pm$ 0.17 fT/$\sqrt{\rm{Hz}}$ which exceeds three orders of magnitude than that of the inorganic solid-state quantum receivers. The heterodyne detection without additional local oscillators improves bandwidth of the receiver and allows frequency detection. The scheme can be extended to other solid-state spin systems without complicated control pulses and thus enables practical applications such as electron spin resonance spectroscopy, dark matter searches, and astronomical observations., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures

We study the Floquet amorphous topological orders in experimentally accessible one-dimensional array of randomly pointed Rydberg atoms with periodic driving. The filling factor in the chain is tunable by applying a microwave field. We give a complete characterization of the topological properties from both the single-particle and many-body aspect. The periodic driving results in richer topological phases. At the single-particle level, we calculate the real space winding numbers and polarization, confirming robust amorphous topological phases with 0-type and $\pi$-type edge modes. We show a structural disorder induced topological phase transition acompanied with localization transition in the nonequilibrium system. Furthermore, in the many-body case we find the existence of amorphous topological orders of the hardcore bosons half-filled the chain, in contrast described by the topological entanglement entropy and the string order. Possible detection methods are also addressed., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures

From $\sim$ 5000 deg$^{2}$ of the combination of the Beijing-Arizona Sky Survey (BASS) and Mayall $z$-band Legacy Survey (MzLS) which is also the northern sky region of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Legacy Imaging Surveys, we selected a sample of 31,825 candidates of low surface brightness galaxies (LSBGs) with the mean effective surface brightness 24.2 $< \bar{\mu}_{\rm eff,g} <$ 28.8 mag arcsec$^{\rm -2}$ and the half-light radius 2.5$^{\prime\prime}$ $< r_{\rm eff} <$ 20$^{\prime\prime}$ based on the released photometric catalogue and the machine learning model. The distribution of the LSBGs is of bimodality in the $g$ - $r$ color, indicating the two distinct populations of the blue ($g$ - $r <$ 0.60) and the red ($g$ - $r >$ 0.60) LSBGs. The blue LSBGs appear spiral, disk or irregular while the red LSBGs are spheroidal or ellipitcal and spatially clustered. This trend shows that the color has a strong correlation with galaxy morphology for LSBGs. In the spatial distribution, the blue LSBGs are more uniformly distributed while the red ones are highly clustered, indicating that red LSBGs preferentially populated denser environment than the blue LSBGs. Besides, both populations have consistent distribution of ellipticity (median $\epsilon\sim$ 0.3), half-light radius (median $r_{\rm eff} \sim$ 4$^{\prime\prime}$), and Sersic index (median $n$ = 1), implying the dominance of the full sample by the round and disk galaxies. This sample has definitely extended the studies of LSBGs to a regime of lower surface brightness, fainter magnitude, and broader other properties than the previously SDSS-based samples., Comment: 20 pages, 11 figures, 1 table, accepted by Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics

This work shows details of an evaluation of an observational system comprising a CMOS detector, 60-cm telescope, and filter complement. The system's photometric precision and differential photometric precision, and extinction coefficients were assessed through observations of Supersky flat fields, open clusters, standard stars, and exoplanets. Photometry was precision achieved at the 0.02 mag level, while differential photometry of 0.004 mag precision. Extinction was found to be agreed with previous studies conducted at Xinglong Observatory. Ultimately, the results demonstrate this observing system is capable of precision scientific observations with CCD across the optical wavelengths.

We report the discovery of eight optical counterparts of ALFALFA extragalactic objects from DECaLS, five of which are discovered for the first time. These objects were flagged as HI emission sources with no optical counterparts in SDSS before. Multi-band data reveal their unusual physical properties. They are faint and blue ($g-r=-0.35\sim0.55$), with quite low surface brightness ($\mu_{\rm g,peak}=24.88\sim26.41\,{\rm mag}/{\rm arcsec}^2$), irregular morphologies, low stellar masses ($log_{10}(M_{*}/M_\odot)=5.27\sim7.15$), low star formation rates ($SFR=0.21\sim9.24\times10^{-3}\,{M_\odot}\,{\rm yr}^{-1}$), and remarkably high HI-to-stellar mass ratios ($log_{10}(M_{\rm HI}/M_{*}) = 1.72\sim3.22$, except AGC\,215415). They deviate from the scaling relations between HI and optical properties defined by the ALFALFA sample and the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation. They agree well with the main sequence of star-forming galaxies but exhibit low star-forming efficiency. Based on their physical properties and environments, we speculate that six of these objects may have originated from tidal processes, while the remaining two appear to have isolated origins. They may have had a relatively calm evolutionary history and only begun to form stars recently., Comment: 32 pages, 11 figures, accepted by the Astrophysical Journal

Due to the high magnetic coupling strength between the Cr elements, the bulk phase CrO2 is one of several ferromagnetic oxides known to have the highest Curie temperature. When the dimensionality of the material is reduced from 3D to 2D, the 2D CrO2 system material is expected to maintain a high Curie temperature. In this work, we predict two new phases of CrO2 monolayer (D3d and D2h) by using first-principles calculations. We have found that the Curie temperature of 2D CrO2 is much lower than that of its bulk phase, but still remains as high as 191K, which is comparable to that of Fe2Cr2Ge6. In addition, 1L D3d-CrO2 is in the ferromagnetic state, while 1L D2h-CrO2 is in the antiferromagnetic state. Also, the different geometric structure affects its electrical properties: the 1L D3d-CrO2 is a half-metal while 1L D2h-CrO2 is a semiconductor. Our studies have shown that there is a wealth of electrical and magnetic properties in CrO2., Comment: 5 pages,4 figures

We investigate theoretically tunable non-Hermitian skin effect in systems with gain and loss, and find that bipolar (quadripolar) non-Hermitian skin effect characterized by topological invariants in one (two)-dimensional system. We also find the partial non-Hermitian skin effect with the coexistence of localized states and extended states. Both types of the non-Hermitian skin effect have not yet been predicted together in a single system. A feasible experimental scheme of our model is proposed to realize in electric circuits. Our investigation unveils a new type of non-Hermitian skin effect and enhance the tunability of the non-Hermitian systems by gain and loss other than the conventional non-reciprocal hopping., Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures

Prostate cancer is the most common noncutaneous cancer in the world. Recently, multi-modality transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) has increasingly become an effective tool for the guidance of prostate biopsies. With the aim of effectively identifying prostate cancer, we propose a framework for the classification of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) from multi-modality TRUS videos. The framework utilizes two 3D ResNet-50 models to extract features from B-mode images and shear wave elastography images, respectively. An adaptive spatial fusion module is introduced to aggregate two modalities' features. An orthogonal regularized loss is further used to mitigate feature redundancy. The proposed framework is evaluated on an in-house dataset containing 512 TRUS videos, and achieves favorable performance in identifying csPCa with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.84. Furthermore, the visualized class activation mapping (CAM) images generated from the proposed framework may provide valuable guidance for the localization of csPCa, thus facilitating the TRUS-guided targeted biopsy. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/2313595986/ProstateTRUS.

We present 206 unpublished optical spectra of 104 type II supernovae obtained by the Xinglong 2.16m telescope and Lijiang 2.4m telescope during the period from 2011 to 2018, spanning the phases from about 1 to 200 days after the SN explosion. The spectral line identifications, evolution of line velocities and pseudo equivalent widths, as well as correlations between some important spectral parameters are presented. Our sample displays a large range in expansion velocities. For instance, the Fe~{\sc ii} $5169$ velocities measured from spectra at $t\sim 50$ days after the explosion vary from ${\rm 2000\ km\ s^{-1}}$ to ${\rm 5500\ km\ s^{-1}}$, with an average value of ${\rm 3872 \pm 949\ km\ s^{-1}}$. Power-law functions can be used to fit the velocity evolution, with the power-law exponent quantifying the velocity decline rate. We found an anticorrelation existing between H$\beta$ velocity at mid-plateau phase and its velocity decay exponent, SNe II with higher velocities tending to have smaller velocity decay rate. Moreover, we noticed that the velocity decay rate inferred from the Balmer lines (i.e., H$\alpha$ and H$\beta$) have moderate correlations with the ratio of absorption to emission for H$\alpha$ (a/e). In our sample, two objects show possibly flash-ionized features at early phases. Besides, we noticed that multiple high-velocity components may exist on the blue side of hydrogen lines of SN 2013ab, possibly suggesting that these features arise from complex line forming region. All our spectra can be found in WISeREP and Zenodo.

Low-surface-brightness galaxies (LSBGs), fainter members of the galaxy population, are thought to be numerous. However, due to their low surface brightness, the search for a wide-area sample of LSBGs is difficult, which in turn limits our ability to fully understand the formation and evolution of galaxies as well as galaxy relationships. Edge-on LSBGs, due to their unique orientation, offer an excellent opportunity to study galaxy structure and galaxy components. In this work, we utilize the You Only Look Once object detection algorithm to construct an edge-on LSBG detection model by training on 281 edge-on LSBGs in Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) $gri$-band composite images. This model achieved a recall of 94.64% and a purity of 95.38% on the test set. We searched across 938,046 $gri$-band images from SDSS Data Release 16 and found 52,293 candidate LSBGs. To enhance the purity of the candidate LSBGs and reduce contamination, we employed the Deep Support Vector Data Description algorithm to identify anomalies within the candidate samples. Ultimately, we compiled a catalog containing 40,759 edge-on LSBG candidates. This sample has similar characteristics to the training data set, mainly composed of blue edge-on LSBG candidates. The catalog is available online at https://github.com/worldoutside/Edge-on_LSBG., Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures, accepted to be published on APJS

We present a study of low surface brightness galaxies (LSBGs) selected by fitting the images for all the galaxies in $\alpha$.40 SDSS DR7 sample with two kinds of single-component models and two kinds of two-component models (disk+bulge): single exponential, single s\'{e}rsic, exponential+deVaucular (exp+deV), and exponential+s\'{e}rsic (exp+ser). Under the criteria of the B band disk central surface brightness $\mu_{\rm 0,disk}{\rm (B) \geqslant 22.5\ mag\ arcsec^{-2}}$ and the axis ratio $\rm b/a > 0.3$, we selected four none-edge-on LSBG samples from each of the models which contain 1105, 1038, 207, and 75 galaxies, respectively. There are 756 galaxies in common between LSBGs selected by exponential and s\'{e}rsic models, corresponding to 68.42% of LSBGs selected by the exponential model and 72.83% of LSBGs selected by the s\'{e}rsic model, the rest of the discrepancy is due to the difference in obtaining $\mu_{0}$ between the exponential and s\'{e}rsic models. Based on the fitting, in the range of $0.5 \leqslant n \leqslant 1.5$, the relation of $\mu_{0}$ from two models can be written as $\mu_{\rm 0,s\acute{e}rsic} - \mu_{\rm 0,exp} = -1.34(n-1)$. The LSBGs selected by disk+bulge models (LSBG_2comps) are more massive than LSBGs selected by single-component models (LSBG_1comp), and also show a larger disk component. Though the bulges in the majority of our LSBG_2comps are not prominent, more than 60% of our LSBG_2comps will not be selected if we adopt a single-component model only. We also identified 31 giant low surface brightness galaxies (gLSBGs) from LSBG_2comps. They are located at the same region in the color-magnitude diagram as other gLSBGs. After we compared different criteria of gLSBGs selection, we find that for gas-rich LSBGs, $M_{\star} > 10^{10}M_{\odot}$ is the best to distinguish between gLSBGs and normal LSBGs with bulge., Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures, 6 tables, accepted by Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics

Giant Low Surface Brightness Galaxies (GLSBGs) are fundamentally distinct from normal galaxies (LSBGs) in star formation and evolution. In this work, we collected 27 local GLSBGs. They have high stellar masses (M*>10^10 Msolar) and low SFRs. With the specific SFRs lower than the characteristic value of the local star-forming (SF) galaxies of M*=10^10 Msolar(sSFR < 0.1 Gyr^-1), GLSBGs deviate from the SF main sequence (MS) defined for local SFGs respectively by E07 and S16 at the high M* regime. They are HI-rich systems with HI gas mass fractions (fHI) higher than the S16 MS galaxies, but have little molecular gas (H2), implying a low efficiency of HI-to-H2 transition due to the low HI surface densities that are far lower than the minimum of 6 - 8 Msolar pc^-2 required for shielding the formed H2 from photodissociation. For GLSBGs, the inner, bulge-dominated part with lower SFRs and higher M* is the main force pulling the entire GLSBG off from the MS, while the outer, disk-dominated part with relatively higher SFRs and lower M* reduces the deviations from the MS. For some cases, the outer, disk-dominated parts even tend to follow the MS. In the aspect of NUV - r versus g - r colors, the outer, disk-dominated parts are blue and behave similarly to the normal star-forming galaxies while the inner, bulge-dominated parts are in statistics red, indicating an inside-out star formation mechanism for the GLSBGs. They show few signs of external interactions in morphology, excluding the recent major merger scenario., Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

We have measured structural parameters and radial color profiles of 108 ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs), carefully selected from six distant massive galaxy clusters in the Hubble Frontier Fields (HFF) in redshift range from 0.308 to 0.545. Our best-fitting GALFIT models show that the HFF UDGs have a median S\'ersic index of 1.09, which is close to 0.86 for local UDGs in the Coma cluster. The median axis-ratio value is 0.68 for HFF UDGs and 0.74 for Coma UDGs, respectively. The structural similarity between HFF and Coma UDGs suggests that they are the same kind of galaxies seen at different times and the structures of UDGs do not change at least for several billion years. By checking the distribution of HFF UDGs in the rest-frame $UVJ$ and $UVI$ diagrams, we find a large fraction of them are star-forming. Furthermore, a majority of HFF UDGs show small $\rm U-V$ color gradients within \,1\,*\,$R_{e,SMA}$ region, the fluctuation of the median radial color profile of HFF UDGs is smaller than 0.1\,mag, which is compatible to Coma UDGs. Our results indicate that cluster UDGs may fade or quench in a self-similar way, irrespective of the radial distance, in less than $\sim$ 4 Gyrs., Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

Image anomaly detection and localization perform not only image-level anomaly classification but also locate pixel-level anomaly regions. Recently, it has received much research attention due to its wide application in various fields. This paper proposes ProtoAD, a prototype-based neural network for image anomaly detection and localization. First, the patch features of normal images are extracted by a deep network pre-trained on nature images. Then, the prototypes of the normal patch features are learned by non-parametric clustering. Finally, we construct an image anomaly localization network (ProtoAD) by appending the feature extraction network with $L2$ feature normalization, a $1\times1$ convolutional layer, a channel max-pooling, and a subtraction operation. We use the prototypes as the kernels of the $1\times1$ convolutional layer; therefore, our neural network does not need a training phase and can conduct anomaly detection and localization in an end-to-end manner. Extensive experiments on two challenging industrial anomaly detection datasets, MVTec AD and BTAD, demonstrate that ProtoAD achieves competitive performance compared to the state-of-the-art methods with a higher inference speed. The source code is available at: https://github.com/98chao/ProtoAD., Comment: Published in Neural Processing Letters 2024

Layered van der Waals (vdW) magnets are prominent playgrounds for developing magnetoelectric, magneto-optic and spintronic devices. In spintronics, particularly in spincaloritronic applications, low thermal conductivity ($\kappa$) is highly desired. Here, by combining thermal transport measurements with density functional theory calculations, we demonstrate low $\kappa$ down to 1 W m$^{-1}$ K$^{-1}$ in a typical vdW ferromagnet Cr$_2$Si$_2$Te$_6$. In the paramagnetic state, development of magnetic fluctuations way above $T_\mathrm{c}=$ 33 K strongly reduces $\kappa$ via spin-phonon scattering, leading to low $\kappa \sim$ 1 W m$^{-1}$ K$^{-1}$ over a wide temperature range, in comparable to that of amorphous silica. In the magnetically ordered state, emergence of resonant magnon-phonon scattering limits $\kappa$ below $\sim$ 2 W m$^{-1}$ K$^{-1}$, which would be three times larger if magnetic scatterings were absent. Application of magnetic fields strongly suppresses the spin-phonon scattering, giving rise to large enhancements of $\kappa$. Our calculations well capture these complex behaviours of $\kappa$ by taking the temperature- and magnetic-field-dependent spin-phonon scattering into account. Realization of low $\kappa$ which is easily tunable by magnetic fields in Cr$_2$Si$_2$Te$_6$, may further promote spincaloritronic applications of vdW magnets. Our theoretical approach may also provide a generic understanding of spin-phonon scattering, which appears to play important roles in various systems., Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Advanced Functional Materials