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Straws contain a large amount of organic matter and nitrogen, phosphous, potassium and different microelements. Straw-returning becomes one of the most important measures to replace the traditional organic fertilizer and increase the soil organic matter. As the bond between next stubble crops and soil microorganism, returned straws play an important role in underground rhizosphere microorganisms environment. In this study, the effects of different straw returning modes on the soil microorganism and enzyme activity were investigated. The experiment included four different treatment: the soil of continuous-cropping with straw mulching (CT1), the soil of continuous-cropping with straw buried (CT2), the soil of alternate-cropping with straw mulching (T1), the soil of alternate-cropping with straw buried (T2). Corn was planted in the above treatments and determined the soil microorganism and enzyme activity at the different growth stage. The results showed that under the same straw-returning, the microbial biomass carbon content, corn microorganism and soil enzyme activities of T1 and T2 were higher than those of CT1 and CT2. In the soil of continuous-cropping, compared with the straw-mulching, the straw-buried increased significantly in the numbers of bacteria, actinomycetes, ammonifying bacteria, aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and the activities of soil urease and invertase. While in the soil of alternate-cropping, the returning mode of straw had little impacts on the numbers of fungi, ammonifying bacteria, aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria and nitrifying bacteria and activities of urease and catalase. It is concluded that the straw-buried can improve the soil microorganisms in the soil of continuous-cropping compared with the straw-mulching.

33. Caeneressa syntomoides (Rothschild, 1912) Eressa syntomoides Rothschild, 1912: 123; new. comb. by Holloway, 1988. Type locality: Borneo. Distribution: Borneo., Published as part of Davlatov, Abdulaziz M. & Wu, Chun-Sheng, 2018, Description of a new species of the genus Caeneressa from China, with a checklist of the genus (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), pp. 294-300 in Zootaxa 4374 (2) on page 299, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4374.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/1154504, {"references":["Rothschild, W. (1912) New Bornean Aegeriidae and Syntomidae. Novitates Zoologicae, 19, 122 - 124.","Holloway, J. D. (1988) The moths of Borneo: family Arctiidae, subfamilies Syntominae, Euchromiinae Arctiinae; Noctuidae misplaced in Arctiidae (Camptoloma, Aganainae). Malayan Nature Society, Southdene, Kuala Lumpur, 101 pp."]}

5. Caeneressa brithyris (Druce, 1898) Syntomis brithyris Druce, 1898: 146; new. comb. by Holloway, 1988. Type locality: Borneo. Distribution: Borneo, Sumatra, India., Published as part of Davlatov, Abdulaziz M. & Wu, Chun-Sheng, 2018, Description of a new species of the genus Caeneressa from China, with a checklist of the genus (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), pp. 294-300 in Zootaxa 4374 (2) on page 297, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4374.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/1154504, {"references":["Druce, H. (1898) Description of some new species of Heterocera. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London, 1, 146 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939808677944","Holloway, J. D. (1988) The moths of Borneo: family Arctiidae, subfamilies Syntominae, Euchromiinae Arctiinae; Noctuidae misplaced in Arctiidae (Camptoloma, Aganainae). Malayan Nature Society, Southdene, Kuala Lumpur, 101 pp."]}

4. Caeneressa alikangiensis (Strand, 1915) Syntomis muirheadi var. alikagiensis Strand, 1915: 31; raised & new. comb. by Inoue, 1992. Type locality: Taiwan, China. Amata takamukuana Matsumura, 1927: 74, synonymized by Inoue, 1992. Distribution: China (Taiwan)., Published as part of Davlatov, Abdulaziz M. & Wu, Chun-Sheng, 2018, Description of a new species of the genus Caeneressa from China, with a checklist of the genus (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), pp. 294-300 in Zootaxa 4374 (2) on page 297, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4374.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/1154504, {"references":["Strand, E. H. (1915) H. Sauter's Formosa-Ausbeute: Syntomididae. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1915, 29 - 35.","Inoue, H. (1992) Group Ctenuchinina. In: Heppner, J. B. & Inoue, H. (Eds.), Lepidoptera of Taiwan. Vol. 1. Part 2. Checklist. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera & Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Washington, Hamburg, Lima, Taipei, Tokyo, pp. 171.","Matsumura, S. (1927) New species and subspecies of moths from the Japanese Empire. Journal of the College of Agriculture Hokkaido Imperial University, 19, 1 - 91, 5 pls."]}

27. Caeneressa proxima Obraztsov, 1957 Caeneressa proxima Obraztsov, 1957: 400. Type locality: Guangdong & Hunan, China. Distribution: China (Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Hunan)., Published as part of Davlatov, Abdulaziz M. & Wu, Chun-Sheng, 2018, Description of a new species of the genus Caeneressa from China, with a checklist of the genus (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), pp. 294-300 in Zootaxa 4374 (2) on page 299, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4374.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/1154504, {"references":["Obraztsov, N. S. (1957) The Chinese Caeneressa species (Lepidoptera, Ctenuchidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 116, 389 - 436."]}

13. Caeneressa graduata (Hampson, 1898) Syntomis graduata Hampson, 1898: 67; new. comb. by Obraztsov, 1957. Type locality: Jiangsu, China. Distribution: China (Henan, Jiangsu)., Published as part of Davlatov, Abdulaziz M. & Wu, Chun-Sheng, 2018, Description of a new species of the genus Caeneressa from China, with a checklist of the genus (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), pp. 294-300 in Zootaxa 4374 (2) on page 297, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4374.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/1154504, {"references":["Hampson, G. F. (1898) Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the collection of the British Museum, Syntomidae. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London, 559 pp.","Obraztsov, N. S. (1957) The Chinese Caeneressa species (Lepidoptera, Ctenuchidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 116, 389 - 436."]}

19. Caeneressa marcescens (Felder, 1869) Syntomis marcescens Felder, 1869: 9; new. comb. by Holloway, 1988. Type locality: Java. Distribution: Java., Published as part of Davlatov, Abdulaziz M. & Wu, Chun-Sheng, 2018, Description of a new species of the genus Caeneressa from China, with a checklist of the genus (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), pp. 294-300 in Zootaxa 4374 (2) on page 298, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4374.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/1154504, {"references":["Felder, C. (1869) Reise Fregatte Novara, Lepidoptera. Bd. 2. Abth. 2. Kaiserlich, Wien, 9 pp.","Holloway, J. D. (1988) The moths of Borneo: family Arctiidae, subfamilies Syntominae, Euchromiinae Arctiinae; Noctuidae misplaced in Arctiidae (Camptoloma, Aganainae). Malayan Nature Society, Southdene, Kuala Lumpur, 101 pp."]}

28. Caeneressa robusta (Holloway, 1976) Eressa robusta Holloway, 1976: 1; new. comb. by Holloway, 1988. Type locality: Borneo. Distribution: Borneo., Published as part of Davlatov, Abdulaziz M. & Wu, Chun-Sheng, 2018, Description of a new species of the genus Caeneressa from China, with a checklist of the genus (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), pp. 294-300 in Zootaxa 4374 (2) on page 299, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4374.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/1154504, {"references":["Holloway, J. D. (1976) Moths of Borneo with special reference to Mt. Kinabalu. Malayan Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur, 132 pp.","Holloway, J. D. (1988) The moths of Borneo: family Arctiidae, subfamilies Syntominae, Euchromiinae Arctiinae; Noctuidae misplaced in Arctiidae (Camptoloma, Aganainae). Malayan Nature Society, Southdene, Kuala Lumpur, 101 pp."]}

6. Caeneressa diaphana (Kollar, 1848) Syntomis diaphana Kollar, 1848: 460; new. comb. by Obraztsov, 1957. Type locality: N.W. Himalaya. Syntomis vitreata Herrich-Schäffer, 1855, pl. 50, fig. 267, synonymized by Herrich-Schäffer, 1855. Hydrusa baiaea Swinhoe, 1891: 473, synonymized by Obraztsov, 1957. Syntomis horishana Matsumura, 1911: 69, synonymized by Obraztsov, 1957. Syntomis hoppo Matsumura, 1911: 70, synonymized by Obraztsov, 1957. Syntomis muirheadii Felder, 1862: 37; new. comb. by Obraztsov, 1957. Caeneressa diaphana hunanensis Obraztsov, 1957: 428. syn. nov. Distribution: China (Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou), India, Nepal, Myanmar, Indonesia., Published as part of Davlatov, Abdulaziz M. & Wu, Chun-Sheng, 2018, Description of a new species of the genus Caeneressa from China, with a checklist of the genus (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), pp. 294-300 in Zootaxa 4374 (2) on page 297, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4374.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/1154504, {"references":["Kollar, V. (1848) Syntomidae. In: Hugel, C. F. (Ed.), Kaschmir und das Reich der Siek, 4, 395 - 496, pl. 19, fig. 7.","Obraztsov, N. S. (1957) The Chinese Caeneressa species (Lepidoptera, Ctenuchidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 116, 389 - 436.","Herrich-Schaffer, G. A. W. (1843 - 56 [1855]) Systematische Bearbeitung der Schmetterlinge von Europa, zugleich als Text, Revision und Supplement zu Jakob Hubner's Sammlung ausser europaischer Schmetterlinge. G. J. Manz, Regensburg, 522 pp.","Swinhoe, C. (1891) New species of Heterocera from the Khasia Hills. Part I. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1891, 473 - 495.","Matsumura, S. (1911) Thousand Insects of Japan. Tokyo, Suppl. 3, 69 - 70.","Felder, C. & Felder, R. (1862) Observationes de Lepidoteris nonullis Chinae centralis et Japoniae. Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift, 6, 33 - 40."]}

22. Caeneressa newara (Moore, 1879) Synotomis newara Moore, 1879: 12; new. comb. by Lu et al., 2012. Type locality: Sikkim, India. Distribution: China (Yunnan), India (Sikkim), Bhutan., Published as part of Davlatov, Abdulaziz M. & Wu, Chun-Sheng, 2018, Description of a new species of the genus Caeneressa from China, with a checklist of the genus (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), pp. 294-300 in Zootaxa 4374 (2) on page 298, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4374.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/1154504, {"references":["Moore, F. (1879) In: Hewitson and Moore. Descriptions of new Indian lepidopterous insects from the collection of the late Mr. W. S. Atkinson, Part 1, 1 - 96.","Lu, H. F., Chen, F. Q. & Wu, C. S. (2012) Catalogue of Ctenuchinina Heppner, 1992 from China (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia, 40 (160), 447 - 463."]}

26. Caeneressa pratti (Leech, 1889) Syntomis pratti Leech, 1889: 123; new. comb. by Obraztsov, 1957. Type locality: Jiangxi, China. Distribution: China (Jiangxi)., Published as part of Davlatov, Abdulaziz M. & Wu, Chun-Sheng, 2018, Description of a new species of the genus Caeneressa from China, with a checklist of the genus (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), pp. 294-300 in Zootaxa 4374 (2) on page 298, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4374.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/1154504, {"references":["Leech, J. H. (1889) On a collection of Lepidoptera from Kiukiang. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1889, 99 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1889. tb 02699. x","Obraztsov, N. S. (1957) The Chinese Caeneressa species (Lepidoptera, Ctenuchidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 116, 389 - 436."]}

20. Caeneressa marcescoides Holloway, 1988 Caeneressa marcescoides Holloway, 1988: 31. Type locality: Borneo. Distribution: Borneo., Published as part of Davlatov, Abdulaziz M. & Wu, Chun-Sheng, 2018, Description of a new species of the genus Caeneressa from China, with a checklist of the genus (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), pp. 294-300 in Zootaxa 4374 (2) on page 298, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4374.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/1154504, {"references":["Holloway, J. D. (1988) The moths of Borneo: family Arctiidae, subfamilies Syntominae, Euchromiinae Arctiinae; Noctuidae misplaced in Arctiidae (Camptoloma, Aganainae). Malayan Nature Society, Southdene, Kuala Lumpur, 101 pp."]}

11. Caeneressa fangae Wu, sp. nov. Distribution: China (Sichuan).

23. Caeneressa ningyuena Obraztsov, 1957 Caeneressa ningyuena Obraztsov, 1957: 416. Type locality: Sichuan, China. Distribution: China (Sichuan)., Published as part of Davlatov, Abdulaziz M. & Wu, Chun-Sheng, 2018, Description of a new species of the genus Caeneressa from China, with a checklist of the genus (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), pp. 294-300 in Zootaxa 4374 (2) on page 298, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4374.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/1154504, {"references":["Obraztsov, N. S. (1957) The Chinese Caeneressa species (Lepidoptera, Ctenuchidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 116, 389 - 436."]}

25. Caeneressa oenone (Butler, 1876) Syntomis oenone Butler, 1876: 344; new. comb. by Obraztsov, 1957. Type locality: North India. Distribution: China (Xizang), India., Published as part of Davlatov, Abdulaziz M. & Wu, Chun-Sheng, 2018, Description of a new species of the genus Caeneressa from China, with a checklist of the genus (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), pp. 294-300 in Zootaxa 4374 (2) on page 298, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4374.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/1154504, {"references":["Butler, A. (1876) Notes on the Lepidoptera of the Fam. Zygaenidae, ect. Journal of the Linnean Society, London, Zoology, 12, 1 - 351. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1876. tb 00686. x","Obraztsov, N. S. (1957) The Chinese Caeneressa species (Lepidoptera, Ctenuchidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 116, 389 - 436."]}

18. Caeneressa lutosa (Holloway, 1976) Callitomis lutosa Holloway, 1976: 1; new. comb. by Holloway, 1988. Type locality: Borneo. Distribution: Borneo., Published as part of Davlatov, Abdulaziz M. & Wu, Chun-Sheng, 2018, Description of a new species of the genus Caeneressa from China, with a checklist of the genus (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), pp. 294-300 in Zootaxa 4374 (2) on page 298, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4374.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/1154504, {"references":["Holloway, J. D. (1976) Moths of Borneo with special reference to Mt. Kinabalu. Malayan Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur, 132 pp.","Holloway, J. D. (1988) The moths of Borneo: family Arctiidae, subfamilies Syntominae, Euchromiinae Arctiinae; Noctuidae misplaced in Arctiidae (Camptoloma, Aganainae). Malayan Nature Society, Southdene, Kuala Lumpur, 101 pp."]}

10. Caeneressa everetti (Rothschild, 1910) Eressa everetti Rothschild, 1910: 439; new. comb. by Holloway, 1988. Type locality: Borneo. Distribution: Borneo, Natuna Is., Published as part of Davlatov, Abdulaziz M. & Wu, Chun-Sheng, 2018, Description of a new species of the genus Caeneressa from China, with a checklist of the genus (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), pp. 294-300 in Zootaxa 4374 (2) on page 297, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4374.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/1154504, {"references":["Rothschild, W. (1910) Descriptions of new Syntomidae. Novitates Zoologicae, 17 (3), 429 - 445. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 13691","Holloway, J. D. (1988) The moths of Borneo: family Arctiidae, subfamilies Syntominae, Euchromiinae Arctiinae; Noctuidae misplaced in Arctiidae (Camptoloma, Aganainae). Malayan Nature Society, Southdene, Kuala Lumpur, 101 pp."]}

34. Caeneressa tienmushana Obraztsov, 1957 Caeneressa tienmushana Obraztsov, 1957: 430. Type locality: Zhejiang, China. Distribution: China (Zhejiang)., Published as part of Davlatov, Abdulaziz M. & Wu, Chun-Sheng, 2018, Description of a new species of the genus Caeneressa from China, with a checklist of the genus (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), pp. 294-300 in Zootaxa 4374 (2) on page 299, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4374.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/1154504, {"references":["Obraztsov, N. S. (1957) The Chinese Caeneressa species (Lepidoptera, Ctenuchidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 116, 389 - 436."]}

7. Caeneressa dispar Obraztsov, 1957 Caeneressa dispar Obraztsov, 1957: 413. Type locality: Fujian, China. Distribution: China (Fujian, Shanghai)., Published as part of Davlatov, Abdulaziz M. & Wu, Chun-Sheng, 2018, Description of a new species of the genus Caeneressa from China, with a checklist of the genus (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), pp. 294-300 in Zootaxa 4374 (2) on page 297, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4374.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/1154504, {"references":["Obraztsov, N. S. (1957) The Chinese Caeneressa species (Lepidoptera, Ctenuchidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 116, 389 - 436."]}

35. Caeneressa zernyi Obraztsov, 1957 Caeneressa zernyi Obraztsov, 1957: 415. Type locality: Guangdong, China. Distribution: China (Guangdong)., Published as part of Davlatov, Abdulaziz M. & Wu, Chun-Sheng, 2018, Description of a new species of the genus Caeneressa from China, with a checklist of the genus (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), pp. 294-300 in Zootaxa 4374 (2) on page 299, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4374.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/1154504, {"references":["Obraztsov, N. S. (1957) The Chinese Caeneressa species (Lepidoptera, Ctenuchidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 116, 389 - 436."]}

8. Caeneressa era (Swinhoe, 1891) Hydrusa era Swinhoe, 1891: 473; new. comb. by Obraztsov, 1957. Type locality: Assam, India. Distribution: India., Published as part of Davlatov, Abdulaziz M. & Wu, Chun-Sheng, 2018, Description of a new species of the genus Caeneressa from China, with a checklist of the genus (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), pp. 294-300 in Zootaxa 4374 (2) on page 297, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4374.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/1154504, {"references":["Swinhoe, C. (1891) New species of Heterocera from the Khasia Hills. Part I. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1891, 473 - 495.","Obraztsov, N. S. (1957) The Chinese Caeneressa species (Lepidoptera, Ctenuchidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 116, 389 - 436."]}

12. Caeneressa fouqueti (de Joannis, 1912) Ceryx fouqueti de Joannis, 1912: 286; new. comb. by Fang, 1982. Type locality: Tonkin, Vietnam. Distribution: China (Yunnan), Vietnam., Published as part of Davlatov, Abdulaziz M. & Wu, Chun-Sheng, 2018, Description of a new species of the genus Caeneressa from China, with a checklist of the genus (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), pp. 294-300 in Zootaxa 4374 (2) on page 297, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4374.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/1154504, {"references":["Joannis, J. de (1912) Description de trois nouvelles especes de Lepidopteres heteroceres de Cochinchine. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique Paris, 1912, 286 - 289.","Fang, C. L. (1982) Amatidae. In: Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica (Ed.), Iconographia Heterocerorum Sinicorum. Vol. II. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 229 - 235. [in Chinese]"]}

15. Caeneressa klapperichi Obraztsov, 1957 Caeneressa klappeerichi Obraztsov, 1957: 403. Type locality: Fujian, China. Distribution: China (Fujian, Hunan)., Published as part of Davlatov, Abdulaziz M. & Wu, Chun-Sheng, 2018, Description of a new species of the genus Caeneressa from China, with a checklist of the genus (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), pp. 294-300 in Zootaxa 4374 (2) on page 298, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4374.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/1154504, {"references":["Obraztsov, N. S. (1957) The Chinese Caeneressa species (Lepidoptera, Ctenuchidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 116, 389 - 436."]}

14. Caeneressa hoenei Obraztsov, 1957 Caeneressa hoenei Obraztsov, 1957: 411. Type locality: Shaanxi, China. Distribution: China (Shaanxi)., Published as part of Davlatov, Abdulaziz M. & Wu, Chun-Sheng, 2018, Description of a new species of the genus Caeneressa from China, with a checklist of the genus (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), pp. 294-300 in Zootaxa 4374 (2) on page 297, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4374.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/1154504, {"references":["Obraztsov, N. S. (1957) The Chinese Caeneressa species (Lepidoptera, Ctenuchidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 116, 389 - 436."]}

Eugauria albidentata (Hampson, 1897) (Figs 2, 5) Cataclysta albidentata Hampson, 1897. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1897: 153. Type-locality: Java. Eugauria compactalis Snellen, 1901. Tijdschr. Ent., 43: 291, pl. 181, fig.12. Type-locality: Java. Eugauria albidentata: Speidel & Mey, 1999. Tijdschr. Ent., 142: 138. Diagnosis. The species is different from others by the inner edge of the inner and larger white patch on the forewing slightly incurved. In male genitalia, the basal half of the valval costa is strongly scleorized, the broad sacculus bears an apical harpe, and the transtilla is small and papilla-like. Descriptions. Adults. Wing span of male 12 mm. Head, thorax and abdomen dark fuscous; labial palpi upturned, dark fuscous on sides, length about 2 times of diameter of compound eyes, 2nd slender and 3rd segment pointed; maxillary palpi upturned; proboscis relatively short. Forewing dark fuscous; a dark spot at upper angle of cell; a larger white patch at postmedial area, extending from costa to Cu 1, its inner edge slightly incurved; a smaller crescent white patch at outside of the apical yellow band; a yellow band between the white patches; cilia dark fuscous. Hindwing dark fuscous; a black spot at middle of cell; anal angle with an incision; submarginal band with 5 connected black eye spots, eye spots with a silvery spot centrally; cilia dark fuscous. Male genitalia. Uncus slender, pointed at apex; gnathos slender, as long as uncus, apex pointed, with dorsal teeth; tegumen with inverted V-shaped ridge dorsally; valva broadened form base to distal; costa with basal half strongly sclerotized, middle portion projected upwards; transtilla small papilla-like; sacculus broad and sclerotized, with a spine-like apical harpe; vinculum long; saccus large, rounded; juxta plate-like; aedeagus slender and sclerotized. Female genitalia. Unknown. Biology. This species feeds on the ferns of Nephrolepis Schott (Yen, Solis & Goolsby, 2004). A life cycle lasts no more than 20 days (Yen, per. comm.). Host plants. Nephrolepis sp. Material examined. 1♂, Taiwan, Kuei-shan Is. (24.8ºN, 121.9ºE), 27 May 1999, Hsiau-Yue Wang (Ny1016); 1♂, Taiwan, Yilan, Fushan (24.7ºN, 121.7ºE), 620 m, 12 April 2008, Fu-Qiang Chen, deposited in IZCAS. Distribution. China (Taiwan); Java., Published as part of Wu, Zhi-Gang, Chen, Fu-Qiang & Wu, Chun-Sheng, 2015, Review of the genus Eugauria Snellen (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Musotiminae) in China, with descriptions of two new species, pp. 470-475 in Zoological Systematics 40 (4) on page 472, DOI: 10.11865/zs.20150405, http://zenodo.org/record/7176362, {"references":["Hampson, G. F. 1897. On the classification of two subfamilies of moth of the family Pyralidae: the Hydrocampinae and Scoparianae. Transaactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1897: 127 - 240.","Snellen, P. C. T. 1901. Aanteekeningen over Pyraliden. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 43: 265 - 310."]}

Wu, Zhi-Gang, Chen, Fu-Qiang, Wu, Chun-Sheng (2015): Review of the genus Eugauria Snellen (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Musotiminae) in China, with descriptions of two new species. Zoological Systematics 40 (4): 470-475, DOI: 10.11865/zs.20150405, URL: http://zoobank.org/1fce6f5c-375a-47cc-b2a9-3fcbfaf55177

Scirpophaga humilis Wang, Li & Chen, 1986 (Figs 17, 25) Scirpophaga humilis Wang, Li & Chen, 1986. Acta Ent. Sinica, 29 (2): 208. Type locality: China, Anhui. Description. Body ochreous white. Length of labial palpi about the diameter of compound eyes. Forewing pale yellow, without fascia. Female with anal tuft yellow. In male genitalia, subteguminal process with sinuous margin; aedeagus slightly swollen in apical, one slender and one stout long-based cornuti present, the larger one with bifid tip. In female genitalia, antrum broad, strongly sclerotized; ductus bursae relatively short, a little longer than the diameter of corpus bursae. Distribution. China (Jiangsu, Anhui).

Archischoenobius minumus Chen, Song & Wu, 2007 (Figs 101, 111) Archischoenobius minumus Chen, Song et Wu, 2007. Oriental Insects, 41: 262. Type-locality: China, Guangxi. Description. Hindwing suffused with black scales at posterior portion. In male genitalia, uncus with a sharp thorn at apex; juxta plate-like, constricted from base to apex, apex shortly bifurcated, with small membranous plate; cornutus curved. Distribution. China (Guangxi)., Published as part of Chen, Fu-Qiang & Wu, Chun-Sheng, 2014, Taxonomic review of the subfamily Schoenobiinae (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae) from China, pp. 163-208 in Zoological Systematics 39 (2) on page 198, DOI: 10.11865/zs20140201, http://zenodo.org/record/4617322

3.3 Donacaula Meyrick, 1890 (Figs 3, 68, 116) Donacaula Meyrick, 1890. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1890: 466. Type species: Tinea mucronella Denis & Schifferm��ller, 1775, by monotypy. Diagnosis. The genus is distinguished from other genera by vein R 2 stalked with R 3+4 on forewing and uncus and gnathos strongly shortened in male genitalia (Speidel, 2005). Description. Head with frons round; antennae weakly serrated; labial palpi porrect and long, the second segment usually suffused with loose scales; maxillary palpi expanded apically. Female usually with anal tuft on the seventh abdominal segment. �� Zoological Systematics, 39 (2): 163���208 �� Zoological Systematics, 39 (2): 163���208 Wings (Fig. 3). Forewing with Sc and R 1 anastomosed or separated; R 2 and R stalked or separated; R 5 from upper angle of cell; M 1 below upper angle of cell; M 2 and M 3 from lower angle of cell; Cu 1 and Cu 2 before lower angle of cell. Hindwing with Sc+R 1 and Rs long stalked, more or less stalked with M 1 at base; M 2 and M 3 point-touched basally, from lower angle of cell; Cu 1 and Cu 2 before lower angle of cell. 3+4 Male genitalia. Uncus and gnathos relatively short, beak-like; tegumen with sclerotized dorsal ridge usually X-shaped; subteguminal process narrow, protruding ventrally, various in different species; valva simple, without any armature; juxta somewhat pyriform, with apex raised but various in different species; saccus usually round; coremata present, weakly sclerotized; aedeagus elongate, usually with cornutus, manica with minute spinules; ductus ejaculatorius from little above the middle of aedeagus. Female genitalia. Anal papillae broad, with long setae; apophyses anterioris and posterioris well developed; ostium bursae narrow; ductus bursae membranous, no longer than corpus bursae; corpus bursae round or elongate, membranous. Distribution. Holarctic, Oriental and Neotropical Regions. Remarks. The genus has about 15 species reported, including two species from China. Key to species of Donacaula in China 1. Female with apex of forewing relatively blunt, a white spot present at the lower angle of cell. Male with valva truncated apically; female with ductus seminalis from just below ostium bursae............................................................................................. D. niloticus Female with apex of forewing sharply pointed, a black spot present at the lower angle of cell. Male with valva round apically; female with ductus seminalis nearby the middle of ductus bursae................................................................................... D. forficellus, Published as part of Chen, Fu-Qiang & Wu, Chun-Sheng, 2014, Taxonomic review of the subfamily Schoenobiinae (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae) from China, pp. 163-208 in Zoological Systematics 39 (2) on pages 184-186, DOI: 10.11865/zs20140201, http://zenodo.org/record/4617322, {"references":["Meyrick, E. 1890. On the classification of the Pyralidina of the European fauna. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1890: 429 - 492.","Speidel, W. 2005. Schoenobiinae. In: Goater, B., Nuss, M. and Speidel, W. (eds.) Pyraloidea I (Crambidae: Acentropinae, Evergestinae, Heliothelinae, Schoenobiinae, Scopariinae). In: Huemer, P. and Karsholt, O. (eds.), Microlepidoptera of Europe, volume 4. Apollo Books, Stenstrup. pp. 113 - 126."]}

Catagela adjurella Walker, 1863 (Figs 69���70, 75, 85) Catagela adjurella Walker, 1863. List Specimens Lipid. Insects Colln Br. Mus., 27: 191; Wang, 1980. Economic Insect Fauna of China, 21: 64. Type locality: Sri Lanka. Description. Forewing with fuscous fasciae; small spots present at upper angle, lower angle and middle of cell; an oblique line from apex to middle of inner margin. Hindwing with a blurry fascia at postmedial area in male, without any fasciae in female. In male genitalia, valva with apex truncated; aedeagus strong, cornutus spine-like, curved Material examined. IZCAS: Shandong, Qingdao, 1♀, 23 September 1975; Henan, Xinxiang, 1♀, 30 July 1973; Henan, Lushi, 1♀, 12 July 1975; Henan, Lushi, 1♂, 12 September 1975; Jiangsu, Wangting, 2♀, 1���11 September 1958, Cui-Xia Jin; Anhui, Hefei, 8♂, 7♀, April 1966; Anhui, Xuancheng, 1♂, 2♀, August 1977; Zhejiang, Mt. Tianmu, 1♀, 2 September 1981, Shi-Mei Song; Hubei, Wuchang, Nanhu, 1♀, 6 August 1964; Hubei, Wuchang, Nanhu, 2♀, 13���31 May 1975; Hubei, Wuchang, Nanhu, 4♀, 3 August���2 September 1975; Hubei, Wuchang, Nanhu, 5♀, 29 September���16 October 1975; Hubei, Wuchang, Nanhu, 1♀, 23 September 1976; Hubei, Jingzhou, 3♀, July 1960; Hubei, Xinzhou, Moshang, Hudong, 14♀, 1976, Zheng-Hua Hu; Guangdong, Guangzhou, 50 m, 1♂, 1♀, 16���25 August 1958, Bao-Lin Zhang, Lin-Yao Wang; Guangdong, Guangzhou, 50 m, 1♂, 18 September 1958; Guangdong, Guangzhou, 1♂, 18 September 1958, Lin-Yao Wang; Guangdong, Zhanjiang, 1♀, 1 July 1976; Hainan, Xinglong, 1♀, 22 April 1963; Hainan, Xinglong, 1♂, 1♀ 19 May 1963; Hainan, Xinglong, 2♀, 8���16 June 1963; Hainan, Jiangfengling, 1♀, 29 May 1973; Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Meng���a, 1 050���1 080 m, 8♀, 15���16 August 1958, Shu-Yong Wang; Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menghai, 1 200���1 600 m, 1♀, 1 June 1962, Shi-Mei Song; Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Mengyang, 810 m, 1♂, 1♀, 31 March 1957, Fu-Ji Pu; Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Mengyang, 850 m, 1♀, 6 September 1958, Le-Yi Zheng; Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Ganlanba, 650 m, 1♀, 12 March 1957, Shu-Yong Wang. �� Zoological Systematics, 39 (2): 163���208 �� Zoological Systematics, 39 (2): 163���208 Distribution. China (Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Hainan, Yunnan); India, Sri Lanka., Published as part of Chen, Fu-Qiang & Wu, Chun-Sheng, 2014, Taxonomic review of the subfamily Schoenobiinae (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae) from China, pp. 163-208 in Zoological Systematics 39 (2) on pages 187-189, DOI: 10.11865/zs20140201, http://zenodo.org/record/4617322, {"references":["Wang, P-Y 1980. Economic insect fauna of China, Fasc. 21. Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Science Press, Beijing. 229 pp., 32 plates."]}

Patissa taiwanalis (Shibuya, 1928) Eurycraspeda taiwanalis Shibuya, 1928. J. Fac. Agric. Hokkaido Univ., 22 (1): 62. Type locality: China, Taiwan. Description. Length of labial palpi about 2 times the diameter of compound eyes. Forewing grey, deeply suffused with dark brown; veins darker beyond the cell; small black spots at both the upper and the lower angles of cell. Distribution. China (Taiwan)., Published as part of Chen, Fu-Qiang & Wu, Chun-Sheng, 2014, Taxonomic review of the subfamily Schoenobiinae (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae) from China, pp. 163-208 in Zoological Systematics 39 (2) on page 192, DOI: 10.11865/zs20140201, http://zenodo.org/record/4617322, {"references":["Shibuya, J. 1928. The systematic study on the Formosan Pyralidae. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Experiment Station, Taihoku, Formosa, 22: 1 - 300."]}

3.1 Scirpophaga Treitschke, 1832 (Figs 1, 2���49, 51���60) Scirpophaga Treitschke, 1832. Die Schmetterlinge von Europa, 9(1): 55; Lewvanich, 1981. Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Ent.), 42: 195; Chen, Song & Wu, 2006. Zootaxa, 1236: 2. Type species: Tinea phantasmatella H��bner, 1796, by monotypy (misspelled Tinea phantasmella by Treitschke; junior synonym of Phalaena praelata Scopoli, 1763). Apurima Walker, 1863. List Specimens Lipid. Insects Colln Br. Mus., 28: 194; Hampson, 1895. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1895: 912. Type species: Apurima xanthogastrella Walker, 1863, by monotypy. Tryporyza Common, 1960. Aust. J. Zool., 8: 339; Lewvanich, 1981. Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Ent.), 42: 196. Type species: Tipanaea innotata Walker, 1863, by original designation. Keys to species of Scirpophaga in China Based on male genitalia 1. Tegumen with sclerotized dorsal ridge rectangular; subteguminal process flattened, plate-like (praelata group)............................... 2 Tegumen with sclerotized dorsal ridge triangular or more or less X-shaped; subteguminal process lobe-like or spine-like................6 2. Subteguminal process with smooth margin; aedeagus with four cornuti, one slender and three stout.................................. S. parvalis Subteguminal process with sinuous margin; aedeagus with two or three cornuti................................................................................. 3 3. Aedeagus with two cornuti, the larger one with a bifid tip.................................................................................................... S. humilis Aedeagus with three cornuti, two larger, the other smaller.................................................................................................................. 4 4. Aedeagus strongly swollen in apical 1/3, one slender and two stout cornuti present........................................................... S. praelata Aedeagus slightly swollen in apical 1/3, one slender and two long-based cornuti present................................................................... 5 5. Largest cornutus with bifid tip..................................................................................................................................... S. xanthopygata Largest cornutus without bifid tip........................................................................................................................................... S. nivella 6. Tegumen with sclerotized dorsal ridge triangular................................................................................................................................ 7 Tegumen with sclerotized dorsal ridge X-shaped or near X-shaped.................................................................................................. 10 7. Aedeagus with two or more cornuti..................................................................................................................................................... 8 Aedeagus without cornutus (lineata group)......................................................................................................................................... 9 8. Subteguminal process a bifid spine; aedeagus with two adjacent curved cornuti (incertulas group)................................ S. incertulas Subteguminal process lobe-like; aedeagus with a group of curved cornuti (whalleyi group)............................................... S. whalleyi 9. Subteguminal process with posterior margin produced to form a spine......................................................................... S. auristrigella Subteguminal process rectangular........................................................................................................................................... S. lineata 10. Subteguminal process more of less spine-like or tubercle-like (excerptalis group)........................................................................... 11 Subteguminal process lobe-like......................................................................................................................................................... 18 11. Manica with minute spinules apically...................................................................................................................... S. xanthogastrella Manica with two groups of strong spines........................................................................................................................................... 12 12. Aedeagus strongly swollen apically, cornuti present.......................................................................................................................... 13 Aedeagus not swollen, cornutus absent.............................................................................................................................................. 14 13. Subteguminal process tuberculate, aedeagus with one cornutus.................................................................................... S. flavidorsalis Subteguminal process lobe-like and weakly hooked, aedeagus with three cornuti.......................................................... S. linguatella 14. Subteguminal process spine-like, strongly sclerotized....................................................................................................................... 15 Subteguminal process tuberculate or weakly sclerotized hooked....................................................................................................... 17 15. Uncus broad, tegumen with sclerotized dorsal ridge in two lines with tendency to join....................................................... S. tongyaii Uncus slender, tegumen with sclerotized dorsal ridge X-shaped....................................................................................................... 16 16. Subteguminal process with a long spine.......................................................................................................................... S. excerptalis Subteguminal process with a short spine............................................................................................................................. S. magnella 17. Subteguminal process tuberculate........................................................................................................................................... S. khasis Subteguminal process lobe-like, hooked........................................................................................................................... S. adunctella 18. Juxta without spines (gotoi group)............................................................................................................................................. S. gotoi Juxta with two dense, strongly sclerotized spines (occidentella group)............................................................................................. 19 19. Subteguminal process round................................................................................................................................................. S. virginia Subteguminal process bilobed............................................................................................................................................. S. fusciflua �� Zoological Systematics, 39 (2): 163���208 Based on female genitalia 1. Antrum present and strongly sclerotized (praelata group)................................................................................................................... 2 Antrum absent...................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 2. Antrum with a separate sclerotized tip.................................................................................................................................... S. nivella Antrum not as above............................................................................................................................................................................ 3 3. Antrum with constricted middle............................................................................................................................................ S. parvalis Antrum with middle not constricted..................................................................................................................................................... 4 4. Ductus bursae long and slender, about two times the diameter of corpus bursae......................................................... S. xanthopygata Ductus bursae short and broad, little longer than the diameter of corpus bursae.................................................................................. 5 5. Frenulum single-bristled, anal tuft yellow............................................................................................................................. S. humilis Frenulum double-bristled, anal tuft grayish white................................................................................................................ S. praelata 6. Corpus bursae all or partly with dense spines...................................................................................................................................... 7 Corpus bursae membranous, without minute spines.......................................................................................................................... 15 7. Ostium bursae wrinkled or sclerotized................................................................................................................................................. 8 Ostium bursae membranous, not wrinkled or sclerotized................................................................................................................... 14 8. Corpus bursae usually lined with dense spines in the basal 3/4 (incertulas group)........................................................... S. incertulas Corpus bursae all lined with dense spines (excerptalis group)............................................................................................................. 9 9. Ostium bursae strongly wrinkled or sclerotized; ductus bursae between ostium bursae and ductus seminalis not constricted..........10 Ostium bursae weakly wrinkled; ductus bursae between ostium bursae and ductus seminalis strongly constricted.............................................................................................................................................................................................................. S. xanthogastrella 10. Ductus bursae between ostium bursae and ductus seminalis lined with annulated sclerotized plates................................... S. tongyaii Ductus bursae between ostium bursae and ductus seminalis lined with sclerotized plates not annulated.......................................... 11 11. Ostium bursae with the length longer than the width......................................................................................................................... 12 Ostium bursae with the width longer than the length......................................................................................................................... 13 12. Ostium bursae strongly sclerotized nearby ductus bursae; ductus bursae slender............................................................. S. adunctella Ostium bursae weakly sclerotized nearby the ductus bursae; ductus bursae broad........................................................ S. flavidorsalis 13. Ostium bursae strongly wrinkled and sclerotized............................................................................................................. S. excerptalis Ostium bursae strongly wrinkled but not sclerotized.......................................................................................................... S. magnella 14. Ductus bursae with sclerotized plate throughout (gotoi group).................................................................................................. S. gotoi Ductus bursae membranous, the section between ostium bursae and ductus seminalis with sclerotized plates (lineata group)........................................................................................................................................................................................................... S. lineata 15. Ductus seminalis arising from ostium bursae (occidentella group)............................................................... S. virginia & S. fusciflua Ductus seminalis arising from ductus bursae (whalleyi group)............................................................................................ S. whalleyi Diagnosis. The genus is distinguishable from other genera by the forewing having the fascia absent or only an oblique line present from apex to inner margin. It is different from Schoenobius by the juxta of male plate-like and the apex not elongated, and from Niphadoses by the valva not constricted apically. More information can be seen in the discussion under the genera closely related to Scirpophaga. Distribution. Oriental, Palaearctic, Australian and African Regions. Remarks. The genus has about 40 species reported. Lewvanich (1981a) revised the genus from the Old World. Chen et al. (2006b) revised the Chinese species, in which 20 species were reported from China. The differences among the species groups and allied genera see Table 1 and 2 (Discussion part), Published as part of Chen, Fu-Qiang & Wu, Chun-Sheng, 2014, Taxonomic review of the subfamily Schoenobiinae (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae) from China, pp. 163-208 in Zoological Systematics 39 (2) on pages 168-169, DOI: 10.11865/zs20140201, http://zenodo.org/record/4617322, {"references":["Hampson, G. F. 1895. On the classification of the Schoenobiinae and Crambinae, two subfamilies of moths of the family Pyralidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1895: 897 - 974.","Common, I. F. B. 1960. A revision of the Australian stem borers hitherto referred to Schoenobius and Scirpophaga (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Schoenobiinae). Australian Journal of Zoology, 8: 307 - 347.","Lewvanich, A. 1981 a. A revision of the Old World species of Scirpophaga (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Bulletin of the British Museum Natural History (Entomology), 42 (4): 185 - 298, figs. 1 - 188.","Chen, F-Q, Song, S-M and Wu, C-S 2006 b. A review of the genus Scirpophaga Treitschke, 1832 in China (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Zootaxa, 1236: 1 - 22."]}

Patissa virginea (Zeller, 1852) Scirpophaga virginea Zeller, 1852. Lepid. Microptera Caffr.: 67; Zeller, 1863. Mon. Chil. & Cramb., 1863: 2. Type locality: South Africa, Natal. Crambus multivagellus Swinhoe, 1886. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1886: 462. Type locality: India. Patissa virginea: Hampson, 1895. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1895: 911; Hampson, 1896. Fauna Brit. Ind. Moths, 4: 45; Shibuya, 1928. J. Fac. Agric. Hokkaido Univ., 22(1): 59; Lewvanich, 1981. Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Ent.), 42: 189. Description. Length of labial palpi about the diameter of compound eyes. Forewing pure white, sometimes with a black speck at the upper angle of cell. Distribution. China (Taiwan); India, Sri Lanka, S. Africa. Remarks. The species was recorded in Taiwan by Shibuya (1928). We did not get any materials except an adult figure of the type material from BMNH., Published as part of Chen, Fu-Qiang & Wu, Chun-Sheng, 2014, Taxonomic review of the subfamily Schoenobiinae (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae) from China, pp. 163-208 in Zoological Systematics 39 (2) on page 192, DOI: 10.11865/zs20140201, http://zenodo.org/record/4617322, {"references":["Swinhoe, C. C. 1886. On the Lepidoptera of Mhow, in Central India. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1886: 421 - 465.","Hampson, G. F. 1895. On the classification of the Schoenobiinae and Crambinae, two subfamilies of moths of the family Pyralidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1895: 897 - 974.","Hampson, G. F. 1896. The fauna of British India, including Sri Lanka and Burma. Moths, 4. Taylor and Francis, London. 594 pp.","Shibuya, J. 1928. The systematic study on the Formosan Pyralidae. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Experiment Station, Taihoku, Formosa, 22: 1 - 300."]}