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1. Relationships between components of emotional intelligence and physical pain in alcohol-dependent patients

Author

Kopera M, Brower KJ, Suszek H, Jakubczyk A, Fudalej S, Krasowska A, Klimkiewicz A, and Wojnar M

Subjects
alcohol dependence, emotional intelligence, mood regulation, pain, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Maciej Kopera,1 Kirk J Brower,2 Hubert Suszek,3 Andrzej Jakubczyk,1 Sylwia Fudalej,1 Aleksandra Krasowska,1 Anna Klimkiewicz,1 Marcin Wojnar1,2 1Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; 2Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; 3Department of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Purpose: Chronic pain is a significant comorbidity in individuals with alcohol dependence (AD). Emotional processing deficits are a substantial component of both AD and chronic pain. The aim of this study was to analyze the interrelations between components of emotional intelligence and self-reported pain severity in AD patients. Patients and methods: A sample of 103 participants was recruited from an alcohol treatment center in Warsaw, Poland. Information concerning pain level in the last 4 weeks, demographics, severity of current anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as neuroticism was obtained. The study sample was divided into “mild or no pain” and “moderate or greater pain” groups. Results: In the logistic regression model, across a set of sociodemographic, psychological, and clinical factors, higher emotion regulation and higher education predicted lower severity, whereas increased levels of anxiety predicted higher severity of self-reported pain during the previous 4 weeks. When the mediation models looking at the association between current severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms and pain severity with the mediating role of emotion regulation were tested, emotion regulation appeared to fully mediate the relationship between depression severity and pain, and partially the relationship between anxiety severity and pain. Conclusion: The current findings extend previous results indicating that emotion regulation deficits are related to self-reported pain in AD subjects. Comprehensive strategies focusing on the improvement of mood regulation skills might be effective in the treatment of AD patients with comorbid pain symptoms. Keywords: mood regulation, pain, alcoholism, emotional regulation

Published
2017

2. A Global Survey on Changes in the Supply, Price, and Use of Illicit Drugs and Alcohol, and Related Complications During the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Farhoudian, A, Radfar, S, Ardabili, H, Rafei, P, Ebrahimi, M, Zonoozi, A, De Jong, C, Vahidi, M, Yunesian, M, Kouimtsidis, C, Arunogiri, S, Hansen, H, Brady, K, Potenza, M, Baldacchino, A, Ekhtiari, H, Abagiu, A, Abouna, F, Ahmed, M, Al-Ansari, B, Al-Khair, F, Almaqbali, M, Ambekar, A, Arya, S, Asebikan, V, Ayasreh, M, Basu, D, Benmebarek, Z, Bhad, R, Blaise, M, Bonnet, N, Brasch, J, Broers, B, Busse, A, Butner, J, Camilleri, M, Campello, G, Carra, G, Celic, I, Chalabianloo, F, Chaturvedi, A, Cherpitel, J, Clark, K, Cyders, M, de Bernardis, E, Deilamizade, A, Derry, J, Dhagudu, N, Dolezalova, P, Dom, G, Dunlop, A, Elhabiby, M, Elkholy, H, Essien, N, Farah, G, Ferri, M, Floros, G, Friedman, C, Fuderanan, C, Gerra, G, Ghosh, A, Gogia, M, Grammatikopoulos, I, Grandinetti, P, Guirguis, A, Gutnisky, D, Haber, P, Hassani-Abharian, P, Hooshyari, Z, Ibrahim, I, Ieong, H, Indradewi, R, Iskandar, S, Isra, T, Jain, S, James, S, Javadi, S, Joe, K, Jokubonis, D, Jovanova, A, Kamal, R, Kantchelov, A, Kathiresan, P, Katzman, G, Kawale, P, Kern, A, Kessler, F, Kim, S, Kimball, A, Kljucevic, Z, Kurniasanti, K, Lev, R, Lee, H, Lengvenyte, A, Lev-Ran, S, Mabelya, G, Mahi, M, Maphisa, J, Maremmani, I, Masferrer, L, Massah, O, Mccambridge, O, Mcgovern, G, Min, A, Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, A, Mora-Rios, J, Mudalige, I, Mukherjee, D, Munira, P, Myers, B, Menon, T, Narasimha, V, Ndionuka, N, Nejatisafa, A, Niaz, K, Nizami, A, Nuijens, J, Orsolini, L, Oum, V, Oyemade, A, Palavra, I, Pant, S, Paredes, J, Peyron, E, Quiros, R, Qurishi, R, Rafiq, N, Raghavendra Rao, R, Ratta-Apha, W, Raymond, K, Reimer, J, Renaldo, E, Rezapour, T, Robertson, J, Roncero, C, Roub, F, Rubenstein, E, Rupp, C, Saenz, E, Salehi, M, Samartzis, L, Sarubbo, L, Segrec, N, Shah, B, Shen, H, Shirasaka, T, Shoptaw, S, Sintango, F, Sosa, V, Subata, E, Sztycberg, N, Taghizadeh, F, Wee Teck, J, Tjagvad, C, Torrens, M, Twala, J, Vadivel, R, Volpicelli, J, Weijs, J, Wintoniw, S, Wittayanookulluk, A, Wojnar, M, Yasir, S, Yitayih, Y, Zhao, M, Farhoudian A., Radfar S. R., Ardabili H. M., Rafei P., Ebrahimi M., Zonoozi A. K., De Jong C. A. J., Vahidi M., Yunesian M., Kouimtsidis C., Arunogiri S., Hansen H., Brady K. T., Potenza M. N., Baldacchino A. M., Ekhtiari H., Abagiu A. O., Abouna F. D. N., Ahmed M. H., Al-Ansari B., Al-Khair F. M. A., Almaqbali M. H., Ambekar A., Arya S., Asebikan V. O., Ayasreh M. A., Basu D., Benmebarek Z., Bhad R., Blaise M., Bonnet N., Brasch J., Broers B., Busse A., Butner J. L., Camilleri M., Campello G., Carra G., Celic I., Chalabianloo F., Chaturvedi A., Cherpitel J. J. E. N., Clark K. J., Cyders M. A., de Bernardis E., Deilamizade A., Derry J. E., Dhagudu N. K., Dolezalova P., Dom G., Dunlop A. J., Elhabiby M. M., Elkholy H., Essien N. F., Farah G. I., Ferri M., Floros G. D., Friedman C., Fuderanan C. H., Gerra G., Ghosh A., Gogia M., Grammatikopoulos I. A., Grandinetti P., Guirguis A., Gutnisky D., Haber P. S., Hassani-Abharian P., Hooshyari Z., Ibrahim I. I. M., Ieong H. F. -H., Indradewi R. N., Iskandar S., Isra T. N., Jain S., James S., Javadi S. M. H., Joe K. H., Jokubonis D., Jovanova A. T., Kamal R. M., Kantchelov A. I., Kathiresan P., Katzman G., Kawale P., Kern A. M., Kessler F. H. P., Kim S. -G. S., Kimball A. M., Kljucevic Z., Kurniasanti K. S., Lev R., Lee H. K., Lengvenyte A., Lev-Ran S., Mabelya G. S., Mahi M. A. E., Maphisa J. M., Maremmani I., Masferrer L., Massah O., McCambridge O., McGovern G. G., Min A. K., Moghanibashi-Mansourieh A., Mora-Rios J., Mudalige I. U. K., Mukherjee D., Munira P. M., Myers B., Menon T. N. J., Narasimha V. L., Ndionuka N., Nejatisafa A. -A., Niaz K., Nizami A. T., Nuijens J. H., Orsolini L., Oum V., Oyemade A. A., Palavra I. R., Pant S. B., Paredes J., Peyron E., Quiros R. A., Qurishi R., Rafiq N. U. Z., Raghavendra Rao R., Ratta-Apha W., Raymond K. -L., Reimer J., Renaldo E., Rezapour T., Robertson J. R., Roncero C., Roub F., Rubenstein E. J., Rupp C. I., Saenz E., Salehi M., Samartzis L., Sarubbo L. B., Segrec N., Shah B., Shen H., Shirasaka T., Shoptaw S., Sintango F. M., Sosa V. A., Subata E., Sztycberg N., Taghizadeh F., Wee Teck J. B. T., Tjagvad C., Torrens M., Twala J. M., Vadivel R., Volpicelli J. R., Weijs J., Wintoniw S. M., Wittayanookulluk A., Wojnar M., Yasir S., Yitayih Y., Zhao M., Farhoudian, A, Radfar, S, Ardabili, H, Rafei, P, Ebrahimi, M, Zonoozi, A, De Jong, C, Vahidi, M, Yunesian, M, Kouimtsidis, C, Arunogiri, S, Hansen, H, Brady, K, Potenza, M, Baldacchino, A, Ekhtiari, H, Abagiu, A, Abouna, F, Ahmed, M, Al-Ansari, B, Al-Khair, F, Almaqbali, M, Ambekar, A, Arya, S, Asebikan, V, Ayasreh, M, Basu, D, Benmebarek, Z, Bhad, R, Blaise, M, Bonnet, N, Brasch, J, Broers, B, Busse, A, Butner, J, Camilleri, M, Campello, G, Carra, G, Celic, I, Chalabianloo, F, Chaturvedi, A, Cherpitel, J, Clark, K, Cyders, M, de Bernardis, E, Deilamizade, A, Derry, J, Dhagudu, N, Dolezalova, P, Dom, G, Dunlop, A, Elhabiby, M, Elkholy, H, Essien, N, Farah, G, Ferri, M, Floros, G, Friedman, C, Fuderanan, C, Gerra, G, Ghosh, A, Gogia, M, Grammatikopoulos, I, Grandinetti, P, Guirguis, A, Gutnisky, D, Haber, P, Hassani-Abharian, P, Hooshyari, Z, Ibrahim, I, Ieong, H, Indradewi, R, Iskandar, S, Isra, T, Jain, S, James, S, Javadi, S, Joe, K, Jokubonis, D, Jovanova, A, Kamal, R, Kantchelov, A, Kathiresan, P, Katzman, G, Kawale, P, Kern, A, Kessler, F, Kim, S, Kimball, A, Kljucevic, Z, Kurniasanti, K, Lev, R, Lee, H, Lengvenyte, A, Lev-Ran, S, Mabelya, G, Mahi, M, Maphisa, J, Maremmani, I, Masferrer, L, Massah, O, Mccambridge, O, Mcgovern, G, Min, A, Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, A, Mora-Rios, J, Mudalige, I, Mukherjee, D, Munira, P, Myers, B, Menon, T, Narasimha, V, Ndionuka, N, Nejatisafa, A, Niaz, K, Nizami, A, Nuijens, J, Orsolini, L, Oum, V, Oyemade, A, Palavra, I, Pant, S, Paredes, J, Peyron, E, Quiros, R, Qurishi, R, Rafiq, N, Raghavendra Rao, R, Ratta-Apha, W, Raymond, K, Reimer, J, Renaldo, E, Rezapour, T, Robertson, J, Roncero, C, Roub, F, Rubenstein, E, Rupp, C, Saenz, E, Salehi, M, Samartzis, L, Sarubbo, L, Segrec, N, Shah, B, Shen, H, Shirasaka, T, Shoptaw, S, Sintango, F, Sosa, V, Subata, E, Sztycberg, N, Taghizadeh, F, Wee Teck, J, Tjagvad, C, Torrens, M, Twala, J, Vadivel, R, Volpicelli, J, Weijs, J, Wintoniw, S, Wittayanookulluk, A, Wojnar, M, Yasir, S, Yitayih, Y, Zhao, M, Farhoudian A., Radfar S. R., Ardabili H. M., Rafei P., Ebrahimi M., Zonoozi A. K., De Jong C. A. J., Vahidi M., Yunesian M., Kouimtsidis C., Arunogiri S., Hansen H., Brady K. T., Potenza M. N., Baldacchino A. M., Ekhtiari H., Abagiu A. O., Abouna F. D. N., Ahmed M. H., Al-Ansari B., Al-Khair F. M. A., Almaqbali M. H., Ambekar A., Arya S., Asebikan V. O., Ayasreh M. A., Basu D., Benmebarek Z., Bhad R., Blaise M., Bonnet N., Brasch J., Broers B., Busse A., Butner J. L., Camilleri M., Campello G., Carra G., Celic I., Chalabianloo F., Chaturvedi A., Cherpitel J. J. E. N., Clark K. J., Cyders M. A., de Bernardis E., Deilamizade A., Derry J. E., Dhagudu N. K., Dolezalova P., Dom G., Dunlop A. J., Elhabiby M. M., Elkholy H., Essien N. F., Farah G. I., Ferri M., Floros G. D., Friedman C., Fuderanan C. H., Gerra G., Ghosh A., Gogia M., Grammatikopoulos I. A., Grandinetti P., Guirguis A., Gutnisky D., Haber P. S., Hassani-Abharian P., Hooshyari Z., Ibrahim I. I. M., Ieong H. F. -H., Indradewi R. N., Iskandar S., Isra T. N., Jain S., James S., Javadi S. M. H., Joe K. H., Jokubonis D., Jovanova A. T., Kamal R. M., Kantchelov A. I., Kathiresan P., Katzman G., Kawale P., Kern A. M., Kessler F. H. P., Kim S. -G. S., Kimball A. M., Kljucevic Z., Kurniasanti K. S., Lev R., Lee H. K., Lengvenyte A., Lev-Ran S., Mabelya G. S., Mahi M. A. E., Maphisa J. M., Maremmani I., Masferrer L., Massah O., McCambridge O., McGovern G. G., Min A. K., Moghanibashi-Mansourieh A., Mora-Rios J., Mudalige I. U. K., Mukherjee D., Munira P. M., Myers B., Menon T. N. J., Narasimha V. L., Ndionuka N., Nejatisafa A. -A., Niaz K., Nizami A. T., Nuijens J. H., Orsolini L., Oum V., Oyemade A. A., Palavra I. R., Pant S. B., Paredes J., Peyron E., Quiros R. A., Qurishi R., Rafiq N. U. Z., Raghavendra Rao R., Ratta-Apha W., Raymond K. -L., Reimer J., Renaldo E., Rezapour T., Robertson J. R., Roncero C., Roub F., Rubenstein E. J., Rupp C. I., Saenz E., Salehi M., Samartzis L., Sarubbo L. B., Segrec N., Shah B., Shen H., Shirasaka T., Shoptaw S., Sintango F. M., Sosa V. A., Subata E., Sztycberg N., Taghizadeh F., Wee Teck J. B. T., Tjagvad C., Torrens M., Twala J. M., Vadivel R., Volpicelli J. R., Weijs J., Wintoniw S. M., Wittayanookulluk A., Wojnar M., Yasir S., Yitayih Y., and Zhao M.

Abstract

Background and Aims: COVID-19 has infected more than 77 million people worldwide and impacted the lives of many more, with a particularly devastating impact on vulnerable populations, including people with substance use disorders (SUDs). Quarantines, travel bans, regulatory changes, social distancing, and “lockdown” measures have affected drug and alcohol supply chains and subsequently their availability, price, and use patterns, with possible downstream effects on presentations of SUDs and demand for treatment. Given the lack of multicentric epidemiologic studies, we conducted a rapid global survey within the International Society of Addiction Medicine (ISAM) network in order to understand the status of substance-use patterns during the current pandemic. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Worldwide. Participants: Starting on April 4, 2020 during a 5-week period, the survey received 185 responses from 77 countries. Measurements: To assess addiction medicine professionals' perceived changes in drug and alcohol supply, price, use pattern, and related complications during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings: Participants reported (among who answered “decreased” or “increased”) a decrease in drug supply (69.0%) and at the same time an increase in price (95.3%) globally. With respect to changes in use patterns, an increase in alcohol (71.7%), cannabis (63.0%), prescription opioids (70.9%), and sedative/hypnotics (84.6%) use was reported, while the use of amphetamines (59.7%), cocaine (67.5%), and opiates (58.2%) was reported to decrease overall. Conclusions: The global report on changes in the availability, use patterns, and complications of alcohol and drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic should be considered in making new policies and in developing mitigating measures and guidelines during the current pandemic (and probable future ones) in order to minimize risks to people with SUD.

Published
2021

3. Reorganization of Substance Use Treatment and Harm Reduction Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global Survey

Author

Radfar, S, De Jong, C, Farhoudian, A, Ebrahimi, M, Rafei, P, Vahidi, M, Yunesian, M, Kouimtsidis, C, Arunogiri, S, Massah, O, Deylamizadeh, A, Brady, K, Busse, A, Potenza, M, Ekhtiari, H, Baldacchino, A, Abagiu, A, Abouna, F, Ahmed, M, Al-ansari, B, Mahmmoud Abu Al-khair, F, Almaqbali, M, Ambekar, A, Ardabili, H, Arya, S, Lasebikan, V, Ayasreh, M, Basu, D, Benmebarek, Z, Bhad, R, Blaise, M, Bonnet, N, Brasch, J, Broers, B, Butner, J, Camilleri, M, Campello, G, Carra, G, Celic, I, Chalabianloo, F, Chaturvedi, A, de Jesus Eduardo Noyola Cherpitel, J, Clark, K, Cyders, M, de Bernardis, E, Derry, J, Dhagudu, N, Dolezalova, P, Dom, G, Dunlop, A, Elhabiby, M, Elkholy, H, Essien, N, Farah, G, Ferri, M, Floros, G, Friedman, C, Fuderanan, C, Gerra, G, Ghosh, A, Gogia, M, Grammatikopoulos, I, Grandinetti, P, Guirguis, A, Gutnisky, D, Haber, P, Hassani-Abharian, P, Hooshyari, Z, Ibrahim, I, Ieong, H, Indradewi, R, Iskandar, S, Jain, S, James, S, Javadi, S, Joe, K, Jokubonis, D, Jovanova, A, Kamal, R, Kantchelov, A, Kathiresan, P, Katzman, G, Kawale, P, Kern, A, Kessler, F, Kim, S, Kimball, A, Kljucevic, Z, Siste, K, Lev, R, Lee, H, Lengvenyte, A, Lev-ran, S, Mabelya, G, Mahi, M, Maphisa, J, Maremmani, I, Masferrer, L, Mccambridge, O, Mcgovern, G, Min, A, Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, A, Mora-Rios, J, Mudalige, I, Mukherjee, D, Munira, P, Myers, B, Menon T N, J, Narasimha, V, Ndionuka, N, Nejatisafa, A, Niaz, K, Nizami, A, Nuijens, J, Orsolini, L, Oum, V, Oyemade, A, Palavra, I, Pant, S, Paredes, J, Peyron, E, Alberto Quiros, R, Qurishi, R, Rafiq, N, Rao, R, Ratta-apha, W, Raymond, K, Reimer, J, Renaldo, E, Rezapour, T, Robertson, J, Roncero, C, Roub, F, Rubenstein, E, Rupp, C, Saenz, E, Salehi, M, Samartzis, L, Sarubbo, L, Segrec, N, Shah, B, Shen, H, Shirasaka, T, Shoptaw, S, Sintango, F, Sosa, V, Subata, E, Sztycberg, N, Taghizadeh, F, Teck, J, Tjagvad, C, Torrens, M, Twala, J, Vadivel, R, Volpicelli, J, Weijs, J, Wintoniw, S, Wittayanookulluk, A, Wojnar, M, Yasir, S, Yitayih, Y, Zhao, M, Zonoozi, A, Radfar S. R., De Jong C. A. J., Farhoudian A., Ebrahimi M., Rafei P., Vahidi M., Yunesian M., Kouimtsidis C., Arunogiri S., Massah O., Deylamizadeh A., Brady K. T., Busse A., Potenza M. N., Ekhtiari H., Baldacchino A. M., Abagiu A. O., Abouna F. D. N., Ahmed M. H., Al-ansari B., Mahmmoud Abu Al-khair F., Almaqbali M. H., Ambekar A., Ardabili H. M., Arya S., Lasebikan V. O., Ayasreh M. A., Basu D., Benmebarek Z., Bhad R., Blaise M., Bonnet N., Brasch J., Broers B., Butner J. L., Camilleri M., Campello G., Carra G., Celic I., Chalabianloo F., Chaturvedi A., de Jesus Eduardo Noyola Cherpitel J., Clark K. J., Cyders M. A., de Bernardis E., Derry J. E., Dhagudu N. K., Dolezalova P., Dom G., Dunlop A. J., Elhabiby M. M., Elkholy H., Essien N. F., Farah G. I., Ferri M., Floros G. D., Friedman C., Fuderanan C. H., Gerra G., Ghosh A., Gogia M., Grammatikopoulos I. A., Grandinetti P., Guirguis A., Gutnisky D., Haber P. S., Hassani-Abharian P., Hooshyari Z., Ibrahim I. I. M., Ieong H., Indradewi R. N., Iskandar S., Jain S., James S., Javadi S. M. H., Joe K. H., Jokubonis D., Jovanova A. T., Kamal R. M., Kantchelov A. I., Kathiresan P., Katzman G., Kawale P., Kern A. M., Kessler F. H. P., Kim S., Kimball A. M., Kljucevic Z., Siste K., Lev R., Lee H. K., Lengvenyte A., Lev-ran S., Mabelya G. S., Mahi M. A. E., Maphisa J., Maremmani I., Masferrer L., McCambridge O., McGovern G. G., Min A. K., Moghanibashi-Mansourieh A., Mora-Rios J., Mudalige I. U. K., Mukherjee D., Munira P. M., Myers B., Menon T N J., Narasimha V. L., Ndionuka N., Nejatisafa A., Niaz K., Nizami A. T., Nuijens J. H., Orsolini L., Oum V., Oyemade A. A., Palavra I. R., Pant S. B., Paredes J., Peyron E., Alberto Quiros R., Qurishi R., Rafiq N. U. Z., Rao R. R., Ratta-apha W., Raymond K., Reimer J., Renaldo E., Rezapour T., Robertson J. R., Roncero C., Roub F., Rubenstein E. J., Rupp C. I., Saenz E., Salehi M., Samartzis L., Sarubbo L. B., Segrec N., Shah B., Shen H., Shirasaka T., Shoptaw S., Sintango F. M., Sosa V. A., Subata E., Sztycberg N., Taghizadeh F., Teck J., Tjagvad C., Torrens M., Twala J. M., Vadivel R., Volpicelli J. R., Weijs J., Wintoniw S. M., Wittayanookulluk A., Wojnar M., Yasir S., Yitayih Y., Zhao M., Zonoozi A. K., Radfar, S, De Jong, C, Farhoudian, A, Ebrahimi, M, Rafei, P, Vahidi, M, Yunesian, M, Kouimtsidis, C, Arunogiri, S, Massah, O, Deylamizadeh, A, Brady, K, Busse, A, Potenza, M, Ekhtiari, H, Baldacchino, A, Abagiu, A, Abouna, F, Ahmed, M, Al-ansari, B, Mahmmoud Abu Al-khair, F, Almaqbali, M, Ambekar, A, Ardabili, H, Arya, S, Lasebikan, V, Ayasreh, M, Basu, D, Benmebarek, Z, Bhad, R, Blaise, M, Bonnet, N, Brasch, J, Broers, B, Butner, J, Camilleri, M, Campello, G, Carra, G, Celic, I, Chalabianloo, F, Chaturvedi, A, de Jesus Eduardo Noyola Cherpitel, J, Clark, K, Cyders, M, de Bernardis, E, Derry, J, Dhagudu, N, Dolezalova, P, Dom, G, Dunlop, A, Elhabiby, M, Elkholy, H, Essien, N, Farah, G, Ferri, M, Floros, G, Friedman, C, Fuderanan, C, Gerra, G, Ghosh, A, Gogia, M, Grammatikopoulos, I, Grandinetti, P, Guirguis, A, Gutnisky, D, Haber, P, Hassani-Abharian, P, Hooshyari, Z, Ibrahim, I, Ieong, H, Indradewi, R, Iskandar, S, Jain, S, James, S, Javadi, S, Joe, K, Jokubonis, D, Jovanova, A, Kamal, R, Kantchelov, A, Kathiresan, P, Katzman, G, Kawale, P, Kern, A, Kessler, F, Kim, S, Kimball, A, Kljucevic, Z, Siste, K, Lev, R, Lee, H, Lengvenyte, A, Lev-ran, S, Mabelya, G, Mahi, M, Maphisa, J, Maremmani, I, Masferrer, L, Mccambridge, O, Mcgovern, G, Min, A, Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, A, Mora-Rios, J, Mudalige, I, Mukherjee, D, Munira, P, Myers, B, Menon T N, J, Narasimha, V, Ndionuka, N, Nejatisafa, A, Niaz, K, Nizami, A, Nuijens, J, Orsolini, L, Oum, V, Oyemade, A, Palavra, I, Pant, S, Paredes, J, Peyron, E, Alberto Quiros, R, Qurishi, R, Rafiq, N, Rao, R, Ratta-apha, W, Raymond, K, Reimer, J, Renaldo, E, Rezapour, T, Robertson, J, Roncero, C, Roub, F, Rubenstein, E, Rupp, C, Saenz, E, Salehi, M, Samartzis, L, Sarubbo, L, Segrec, N, Shah, B, Shen, H, Shirasaka, T, Shoptaw, S, Sintango, F, Sosa, V, Subata, E, Sztycberg, N, Taghizadeh, F, Teck, J, Tjagvad, C, Torrens, M, Twala, J, Vadivel, R, Volpicelli, J, Weijs, J, Wintoniw, S, Wittayanookulluk, A, Wojnar, M, Yasir, S, Yitayih, Y, Zhao, M, Zonoozi, A, Radfar S. R., De Jong C. A. J., Farhoudian A., Ebrahimi M., Rafei P., Vahidi M., Yunesian M., Kouimtsidis C., Arunogiri S., Massah O., Deylamizadeh A., Brady K. T., Busse A., Potenza M. N., Ekhtiari H., Baldacchino A. M., Abagiu A. O., Abouna F. D. N., Ahmed M. H., Al-ansari B., Mahmmoud Abu Al-khair F., Almaqbali M. H., Ambekar A., Ardabili H. M., Arya S., Lasebikan V. O., Ayasreh M. A., Basu D., Benmebarek Z., Bhad R., Blaise M., Bonnet N., Brasch J., Broers B., Butner J. L., Camilleri M., Campello G., Carra G., Celic I., Chalabianloo F., Chaturvedi A., de Jesus Eduardo Noyola Cherpitel J., Clark K. J., Cyders M. A., de Bernardis E., Derry J. E., Dhagudu N. K., Dolezalova P., Dom G., Dunlop A. J., Elhabiby M. M., Elkholy H., Essien N. F., Farah G. I., Ferri M., Floros G. D., Friedman C., Fuderanan C. H., Gerra G., Ghosh A., Gogia M., Grammatikopoulos I. A., Grandinetti P., Guirguis A., Gutnisky D., Haber P. S., Hassani-Abharian P., Hooshyari Z., Ibrahim I. I. M., Ieong H., Indradewi R. N., Iskandar S., Jain S., James S., Javadi S. M. H., Joe K. H., Jokubonis D., Jovanova A. T., Kamal R. M., Kantchelov A. I., Kathiresan P., Katzman G., Kawale P., Kern A. M., Kessler F. H. P., Kim S., Kimball A. M., Kljucevic Z., Siste K., Lev R., Lee H. K., Lengvenyte A., Lev-ran S., Mabelya G. S., Mahi M. A. E., Maphisa J., Maremmani I., Masferrer L., McCambridge O., McGovern G. G., Min A. K., Moghanibashi-Mansourieh A., Mora-Rios J., Mudalige I. U. K., Mukherjee D., Munira P. M., Myers B., Menon T N J., Narasimha V. L., Ndionuka N., Nejatisafa A., Niaz K., Nizami A. T., Nuijens J. H., Orsolini L., Oum V., Oyemade A. A., Palavra I. R., Pant S. B., Paredes J., Peyron E., Alberto Quiros R., Qurishi R., Rafiq N. U. Z., Rao R. R., Ratta-apha W., Raymond K., Reimer J., Renaldo E., Rezapour T., Robertson J. R., Roncero C., Roub F., Rubenstein E. J., Rupp C. I., Saenz E., Salehi M., Samartzis L., Sarubbo L. B., Segrec N., Shah B., Shen H., Shirasaka T., Shoptaw S., Sintango F. M., Sosa V. A., Subata E., Sztycberg N., Taghizadeh F., Teck J., Tjagvad C., Torrens M., Twala J. M., Vadivel R., Volpicelli J. R., Weijs J., Wintoniw S. M., Wittayanookulluk A., Wojnar M., Yasir S., Yitayih Y., Zhao M., and Zonoozi A. K.

Abstract

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted people with substance use disorders (SUDs) worldwide, and healthcare systems have reorganized their services in response to the pandemic. Methods: One week after the announcement of the COVID-19 as a pandemic, in a global survey, 177 addiction medicine professionals described COVID-19-related health responses in their own 77 countries in terms of SUD treatment and harm reduction services. The health responses were categorized around (1) managerial measures and systems, (2) logistics, (3) service providers, and (4) vulnerable groups. Results: Respondents from over 88% of countries reported that core medical and psychiatric care for SUDs had continued; however, only 56% of countries reported having had any business continuity plan, and 37.5% of countries reported shortages of methadone or buprenorphine supplies. Participants of 41% of countries reported partial discontinuation of harm-reduction services such as needle and syringe programs and condom distribution. Fifty-seven percent of overdose prevention interventions and 81% of outreach services were also negatively impacted. Conclusions: Participants reported that SUD treatment and harm-reduction services had been significantly impacted globally early during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on our findings, we highlight several issues and complications resulting from the pandemic concerning people with SUDs that should be tackled more efficiently during the future waves or similar pandemics. The issues and potential strategies comprise the following: (1) helping policymakers to generate business continuity plans, (2) maintaining the use of evidence-based interventions for people with SUDs, (3) being prepared for adequate medication supplies, (4) integrating harm reduction programs with other treatment modalities, and (5) having specific considerations for vulnerable groups such as immigrants and refugees.

Published
2021

10. Is (poly-) substance use associated with impaired inhibitory control? A mega-analysis controlling for confounders

Author

Liu, Y. (Yang), van den Wildenberg, W.P.M. (Wery P.M.), de Graaf, Y. (Ysanne), Ames, S.L. (Susan L.), Baldacchino, A. (Alexander), Bø, R. (Ragnhild), Cadaveira, F. (Fernando), Campanella, S. (Salvatore), Christiansen, P. (Paul), Claus, E.D. (Eric D.), Colzato, L.S. (Lorenza S.), Filbey, F.M. (Francesca M.), Foxe, J.J. (John J.), Garavan, H. (Hugh), Hendershot, C.S. (Christian S.), Hester, R. (Rob), Jester, J.M. (Jennifer M.), Karoly, H.C. (Hollis C.), Kräplin, A. (Anja), Kreusch, F. (Fanny), Landrø, N.I. (Nils Inge), Littel, M. (Marianne), Loeber, S. (Sabine), London, E.D. (Edythe D.), López-Caneda, E. (Eduardo), Lubman, D.I. (Dan I.), Luijten, M. (Maartje), Marczinski, C.A. (Cecile A.), Metrik, J. (Jane), Montgomery, C. (Catharine), Papachristou, H. (Harilaos), Mi Park, S. (Su), Paz, A.L. (Andres L.), Petit, G. (Géraldine), Prisciandaro, J.J. (James J.), Quednow, B.B. (Boris B.), Ray, L.A. (Lara A.), Roberts, C.A. (Carl A.), Roberts, G.M.P. (Gloria M.P.), Ruiter, M.B. (Michiel) de, Rupp, C.I. (Claudia I.), Steele, V.R. (Vaughn R.), Sun, D. (Delin), Takagi, M. (Michael), Tapert, S.F. (Susan F.), Holst, R.J. (Ruth) van, Verdejo-Garcia, A. (Antonio), Vonmoos, M. (Matthias), Wojnar, M. (Marcin), Yao, Y. (Yuanwei), Yücel, M. (Murat), Zack, M. (Martin), Zucker, R.A. (Robert A.), Huizenga, H.M. (Hilde M.), Wiers, R.W. (Reinout), Liu, Y. (Yang), van den Wildenberg, W.P.M. (Wery P.M.), de Graaf, Y. (Ysanne), Ames, S.L. (Susan L.), Baldacchino, A. (Alexander), Bø, R. (Ragnhild), Cadaveira, F. (Fernando), Campanella, S. (Salvatore), Christiansen, P. (Paul), Claus, E.D. (Eric D.), Colzato, L.S. (Lorenza S.), Filbey, F.M. (Francesca M.), Foxe, J.J. (John J.), Garavan, H. (Hugh), Hendershot, C.S. (Christian S.), Hester, R. (Rob), Jester, J.M. (Jennifer M.), Karoly, H.C. (Hollis C.), Kräplin, A. (Anja), Kreusch, F. (Fanny), Landrø, N.I. (Nils Inge), Littel, M. (Marianne), Loeber, S. (Sabine), London, E.D. (Edythe D.), López-Caneda, E. (Eduardo), Lubman, D.I. (Dan I.), Luijten, M. (Maartje), Marczinski, C.A. (Cecile A.), Metrik, J. (Jane), Montgomery, C. (Catharine), Papachristou, H. (Harilaos), Mi Park, S. (Su), Paz, A.L. (Andres L.), Petit, G. (Géraldine), Prisciandaro, J.J. (James J.), Quednow, B.B. (Boris B.), Ray, L.A. (Lara A.), Roberts, C.A. (Carl A.), Roberts, G.M.P. (Gloria M.P.), Ruiter, M.B. (Michiel) de, Rupp, C.I. (Claudia I.), Steele, V.R. (Vaughn R.), Sun, D. (Delin), Takagi, M. (Michael), Tapert, S.F. (Susan F.), Holst, R.J. (Ruth) van, Verdejo-Garcia, A. (Antonio), Vonmoos, M. (Matthias), Wojnar, M. (Marcin), Yao, Y. (Yuanwei), Yücel, M. (Murat), Zack, M. (Martin), Zucker, R.A. (Robert A.), Huizenga, H.M. (Hilde M.), and Wiers, R.W. (Reinout)

Abstract

Many studies have reported that heavy substance use is associated with impaired response inhibition. Studies typically focused on associations with a single substance, while polysubstance use is common. Further, most studies compared heavy users with light/non-users, though substance use occurs along a continuum. The current mega-analysis accounted for these issues by aggregating individual data from 43 studies (3610 adult participants) that used the Go/No-Go (GNG) or Stop-signal task (SST) to assess inhibition among mostly “recreational” substance users (i.e., the rate of substance use disorders was low). Main and interaction effects of substance use, demographics, and task-characteristics were entered in a linear mixed model. Contrary to many studies and reviews in the field, we found that only lifetime cannabis use was associated with impaired response inhibition in the SST. An interaction effect was also observed: the relationship between tobacco use and response inhibition (in the SST) differed between cannabis users and non-users, with a negative association between tobacco use and inhibition in the cannabis non-users. In addition, participants’ age, education level, and some task characteristics influenced inhibition outcomes. Overall, we found limited support for impaired inhibition among substance users when controlling for demographics and task-characteristics.

Published
2019
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11. Improving screening and brief intervention activities in primary health care: Secondary analysis of professional accuracy based on the AUDIT-C

Author

Palacio-Vieira, J., Segura, L., Anderson, P., Wolstenholme, A., Drummond, C., Bendtsen, Preben, Wojnar, M., Kaner, E., Keurhorst, M. N., van Steenkiste, B., Kloda, K., Mierzecki, A., Parkinson, K., Newbury-Birch, D., Okulicz-Kozaryn, K., Deluca, P., Colom, J., Gual, A., Palacio-Vieira, J., Segura, L., Anderson, P., Wolstenholme, A., Drummond, C., Bendtsen, Preben, Wojnar, M., Kaner, E., Keurhorst, M. N., van Steenkiste, B., Kloda, K., Mierzecki, A., Parkinson, K., Newbury-Birch, D., Okulicz-Kozaryn, K., Deluca, P., Colom, J., and Gual, A.

Abstract

Introduction and objectiveThe ODHIN trial found that training and support and financial reimbursement increased the proportion of patients that were screened and given advice for their heavy drinking in primary health care. However, the impact of these strategies on professional accuracy in delivering screening and brief advice is underresearched and is the focus of this paper. MethodFrom 120 primary health care units (24 in each jurisdiction: Catalonia, England, the Netherlands, Poland, and Sweden), 746 providers participated in the baseline and the 12-week implementation periods. Accuracy was measured in 2 ways: correctness in completing and scoring the screening instrument, AUDIT-C; the proportion of screen-negative patients given advice, and the proportion of screen-positive patients not given advice. Odds ratios of accuracy were calculated for type of profession and for intervention group: training and support, financial reimbursement, and internet-based counselling. ResultsThirty-two of 36711 questionnaires were incorrectly completed, and 65 of 29641 screen-negative patients were falsely classified. At baseline, 27% of screen-negative patients were given advice, and 22.5% screen-positive patients were not given advice. These proportions halved during the 12-week implementation period, unaffected by training. Financial reimbursement reduced the proportion of screen-positive patients not given advice (OR=0.56; 95% CI, 0.31-0.99; Pamp;lt;.05). ConclusionAlthough the use of AUDIT-C as a screening tool was accurate, a considerable proportion of risky drinkers did not receive advice, which was reduced with financial incentives., Funding Agencies|Lundbeck; Abbvie; DA Pharm

Published
2018
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12. Attitudes and Learning through Practice Are Key to Delivering Brief Interventions for Heavy Drinking in Primary Health Care: Analyses from the ODHIN Five Country Cluster Randomized Factorial Trial

Author

Anderson, P., Kaner, E., Keurhorst, M.N., Bendtsen, P., Steenkiste, B.V., Reynolds, J., Segura, L., Wojnar, M., Kloda, K., Parkinson, K., Drummond, C., Okulicz-Kozaryn, K., Mierzecki, A., Laurant, M.G., Newbury-Birch, D., Gual, A., Anderson, P., Kaner, E., Keurhorst, M.N., Bendtsen, P., Steenkiste, B.V., Reynolds, J., Segura, L., Wojnar, M., Kloda, K., Parkinson, K., Drummond, C., Okulicz-Kozaryn, K., Mierzecki, A., Laurant, M.G., Newbury-Birch, D., and Gual, A.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 170028.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), In this paper, we test path models that study the interrelations between primary health care provider attitudes towards working with drinkers, their screening and brief advice activity, and their receipt of training and support and financial reimbursement. Study participants were 756 primary health care providers from 120 primary health care units (PHCUs) in different locations throughout Catalonia, England, The Netherlands, Poland, and Sweden. Our interventions were training and support and financial reimbursement to providers. Our design was a randomized factorial trial with baseline measurement period, 12-week implementation period, and 9-month follow-up measurement period. Our outcome measures were: attitudes of individual providers in working with drinkers as measured by the Short Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire; and the proportion of consulting adult patients (age 18+ years) who screened positive and were given advice to reduce their alcohol consumption (intervention activity). We found that more positive attitudes were associated with higher intervention activity, and higher intervention activity was then associated with more positive attitudes. Training and support was associated with both positive changes in attitudes and higher intervention activity. Financial reimbursement was associated with more positive attitudes through its impact on higher intervention activity. We conclude that improving primary health care providers' screening and brief advice activity for heavy drinking requires a combination of training and support and on-the-job experience of actually delivering screening and brief advice activity.

Published
2017

13. Impact of practice, provider and patient characteristics on delivering screening and brief advice for heavy drinking in primary healthcare: Secondary analyses of data from the ODHIN five-country cluster randomized factorial trial

Author

Anderson, P.D., Kloda, K., Kaner, E., Reynolds, J., Bendtsen, P., Pelgrum-Keurhorst, M.N., Segura, L., Wojnar, M., Mierzecki, A., Deluca, P., Newbury-Birch, D., Parkinson, K., Okulicz-Kozaryn, K., Drummond, C., Laurant, M.G.H., Gual, A., Anderson, P.D., Kloda, K., Kaner, E., Reynolds, J., Bendtsen, P., Pelgrum-Keurhorst, M.N., Segura, L., Wojnar, M., Mierzecki, A., Deluca, P., Newbury-Birch, D., Parkinson, K., Okulicz-Kozaryn, K., Drummond, C., Laurant, M.G.H., and Gual, A.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 182502.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), BACKGROUND: The implementation of primary healthcare-based screening and advice that is effective in reducing heavy drinking can be enhanced with training. OBJECTIVES: Undertaking secondary analysis of the five-country ODHIN study, we test: the extent to which practice, provider and patient characteristics affect the likelihood of patients being screened and advised; the extent to which such characteristics moderate the impact of training in increasing screening and advice; and the extent to which training mitigates any differences due to such characteristics found at baseline. METHODS: A cluster randomized factorial trial involving 120 practices, 746 providers and 46 546 screened patients from Catalonia, England, the Netherlands, Poland, and Sweden. Practices were randomized to receive training or not to receive training. The primary outcome measures were the proportion of adult patients screened, and the proportion of screen-positive patients advised. RESULTS: Nurses tended to screen more patients than doctors (OR = 3.1; 95%CI: 1.9, 4.9). Screen-positive patients were more likely to be advised by doctors than by nurses (OR = 2.3; 95%CI: 1.4, 4.1), and more liable to be advised the higher their risk status (OR = 1.9; 95%CI: 1.3, 2.7). Training increased screening and advice giving, with its impact largely unrelated to practice, provider or patient characteristics. Training diminished the differences between doctors and nurses and between patients with low or high-risk status. CONCLUSIONS: Training primary healthcare providers diminishes the negative impacts that some practice, provider and patient characteristics have on the likelihood of patients being screened and advised. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov. Trial identifier: NCT01501552.

Published
2017

15. Improving the delivery of brief interventions for heavy drinking in primary health care: outcome results of the Optimizing Delivery of Health Care Intervention (ODHIN) five-country cluster randomized factorial trial

Author

Anderson, P., Bendtsen, P., Spak, F., Reynolds, J., Drummond, C., Segura, L., Keurhorst, M.N., Palacio-Vieira, J., Wojnar, M., Parkinson, K., Colom, J., Kloda, K., Deluca, P., Baena, B., Newbury-Birch, D., Wallace, P., Heinen, M., Wolstenholme, A., Steenkiste, B. van, Mierzecki, A., Okulicz-Kozaryn, K., Ronda, G., Kaner, E., Laurant, M.G.H., Coulton, S., Gual, T., Anderson, P., Bendtsen, P., Spak, F., Reynolds, J., Drummond, C., Segura, L., Keurhorst, M.N., Palacio-Vieira, J., Wojnar, M., Parkinson, K., Colom, J., Kloda, K., Deluca, P., Baena, B., Newbury-Birch, D., Wallace, P., Heinen, M., Wolstenholme, A., Steenkiste, B. van, Mierzecki, A., Okulicz-Kozaryn, K., Ronda, G., Kaner, E., Laurant, M.G.H., Coulton, S., and Gual, T.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, AIM: To test if training and support, financial reimbursement and option of referring screen-positive patients to an internet-based method of giving advice (eBI) can increase primary health-care providers' delivery of Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)-C-based screening and advice to heavy drinkers. DESIGN: Cluster randomized factorial trial with 12-week implementation and measurement period. SETTING: Primary health-care units (PHCU) in different locations throughout Catalonia, England, the Netherlands, Poland and Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 120 PHCU, 24 in each of Catalonia, England, the Netherlands, Poland and Sweden. INTERVENTIONS: PHCUs were randomized to one of eight groups: care as usual, training and support (TS), financial reimbursement (FR) and eBI; paired combinations of TS, FR and eBI, and all of FR, TS and eBI. MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome measure was the proportion of eligible adult (age 18+ years) patients screened during a 12-week implementation period. Secondary outcome measures were proportion of screen-positive patients advised; and proportion of consulting adult patients given an intervention (screening and advice to screen-positives) during the same 12-week implementation period. FINDINGS: During a 4-week baseline measurement period, the proportion of consulting adult patients who were screened for their alcohol consumption was 0.059 per PHCU (95% CI 0.034 to 0.084). Based on the factorial design, the ratio of the logged proportion screened during the 12-week implementation period was 1.48 (95% CI = 1.13-1.95) in PHCU that received TS versus PHCU that did not receive TS; for FR, the ratio was 2.00 (95% CI = 1.56-2.56). The option of referral to eBI did not lead to a higher proportion of patients screened. The ratio for TS plus FR was 2.34 (95% CI = 1.77-3.10), and the ratio for TS plus FR plus eBI was1.68 (95% CI = 1.11-2.53). CONCLUSIONS: Providing primary health-care units with training, support and financial reimbursem

Published
2016

16. Impact of primary healthcare providers' initial role security and therapeutic commitment on implementing brief interventions in managing risky alcohol consumption: a cluster randomised factorial trial

Author

Keurhorst, M.N., Anderson, P., Heinen, M.M., Bendtsen, P., Baena, B., Brzozka, K., Colom, J., Deluca, P., Drummond, C., Kaner, E., Kloda, K., Mierzecki, A., Newbury-Birch, D., Okulicz-Kozaryn, K., Palacio-Vieira, J., Parkinson, K., Reynolds, J., Ronda, G., Segura, L., Slodownik, L., Spak, F., Steenkiste, B. van, Wallace, P., Wolstenholme, A., Wojnar, M., Gual, A., Laurant, M.G., Wensing, M., Keurhorst, M.N., Anderson, P., Heinen, M.M., Bendtsen, P., Baena, B., Brzozka, K., Colom, J., Deluca, P., Drummond, C., Kaner, E., Kloda, K., Mierzecki, A., Newbury-Birch, D., Okulicz-Kozaryn, K., Palacio-Vieira, J., Parkinson, K., Reynolds, J., Ronda, G., Segura, L., Slodownik, L., Spak, F., Steenkiste, B. van, Wallace, P., Wolstenholme, A., Wojnar, M., Gual, A., Laurant, M.G., and Wensing, M.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 172760.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), BACKGROUND: Brief interventions in primary healthcare are cost-effective in reducing drinking problems but poorly implemented in routine practice. Although evidence about implementing brief interventions is growing, knowledge is limited with regard to impact of initial role security and therapeutic commitment on brief intervention implementation. METHODS: In a cluster randomised factorial trial, 120 primary healthcare units (PHCUs) were randomised to eight groups: care as usual, training and support, financial reimbursement, and the opportunity to refer patients to an internet-based brief intervention (e-BI); paired combinations of these three strategies, and all three strategies combined. To explore the impact of initial role security and therapeutic commitment on implementing brief interventions, we performed multilevel linear regression analyses adapted to the factorial design. RESULTS: Data from 746 providers from 120 PHCUs were included in the analyses. Baseline role security and therapeutic commitment were found not to influence implementation of brief interventions. Furthermore, there were no significant interactions between these characteristics and allocated implementation groups. CONCLUSIONS: The extent to which providers changed their brief intervention delivery following experience of different implementation strategies was not determined by their initial attitudes towards alcohol problems. In future research, more attention is needed to unravel the causal relation between practitioners' attitudes, their actual behaviour and care improvement strategies to enhance implementation science. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01501552.

Published
2016

17. Professional's Attitudes Do Not Influence Screening and Brief Interventions Rates for Hazardous and Harmful Drinkers: Results from ODHIN Study

Author

Bendtsen, P., Anderson, P., Wojnar, M., Newbury-Birch, D., Mussener, U., Colom, J., Karlsson, N., Brzozka, K., Spak, F., Deluca, P., Drummond, C., Kaner, E., Kloda, K., Mierzecki, A., Okulicz-Kozaryn, K., Parkinson, K., Reynolds, J., Ronda, G., Segura, L., Palacio, J., Baena, B., Slodownik, L., Steenkiste, B. van, Wolstenholme, A., Wallace, P., Keurhorst, M.N., Laurant, M.G.H., Gual, A., Bendtsen, P., Anderson, P., Wojnar, M., Newbury-Birch, D., Mussener, U., Colom, J., Karlsson, N., Brzozka, K., Spak, F., Deluca, P., Drummond, C., Kaner, E., Kloda, K., Mierzecki, A., Okulicz-Kozaryn, K., Parkinson, K., Reynolds, J., Ronda, G., Segura, L., Palacio, J., Baena, B., Slodownik, L., Steenkiste, B. van, Wolstenholme, A., Wallace, P., Keurhorst, M.N., Laurant, M.G.H., and Gual, A.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, AIMS: To determine the relation between existing levels of alcohol screening and brief intervention rates in five European jurisdictions and role security and therapeutic commitment by the participating primary healthcare professionals. METHODS: Health care professionals consisting of, 409 GPs, 282 nurses and 55 other staff including psychologists, social workers and nurse aids from 120 primary health care centres participated in a cross-sectional 4-week survey. The participants registered all screening and brief intervention activities as part of their normal routine. The participants also completed the Shortened Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire (SAAPPQ), which measure role security and therapeutic commitment. RESULTS: The only significant but small relationship was found between role security and screening rate in a multilevel logistic regression analysis adjusted for occupation of the provider, number of eligible patients and the random effects of jurisdictions and primary health care units (PHCU). No significant relationship was found between role security and brief intervention rate nor between therapeutic commitment and screening rate/brief intervention rate. The proportion of patients screened varied across jurisdictions between 2 and 10%. CONCLUSION: The findings show that the studied factors (role security and therapeutic commitment) are not of great importance for alcohol screening and BI rates. Given the fact that screening and brief intervention implementation rate has not changed much in the last decade in spite of increased policy emphasis, training initiatives and more research being published, this raises a question about what else is needed to enhance implementation.

Published
2015

23. People with Alcohol Use Disorders in Specialized Care in Eight Different European Countries

Author

Rehm, J., primary, Allamani, A., additional, Aubin, H.-J., additional, Della Vedova, R., additional, Elekes, Z., additional, Frick, U., additional, Jakubczyk, A., additional, Kostogianni, N., additional, Landsmane, I., additional, Manthey, J., additional, Miquel, L., additional, Paille, F., additional, Pieper, L., additional, Probst, C., additional, Scafuri, F., additional, Shield, K. D., additional, Snikere, S., additional, Struzzo, P., additional, Trapencieris, M., additional, Voller, F., additional, Wittchen, H.-U., additional, Gual, A., additional, and Wojnar, M., additional

Published
2015
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24. General Practitioners Recognizing Alcohol Dependence: A Large Cross-Sectional Study in 6 European Countries

Author

Rehm, J., primary, Allamani, A., additional, Vedova, R. D., additional, Elekes, Z., additional, Jakubczyk, A., additional, Landsmane, I., additional, Manthey, J., additional, Moreno-Espana, J., additional, Pieper, L., additional, Probst, C., additional, Snikere, S., additional, Struzzo, P., additional, Voller, F., additional, Wittchen, H.-U., additional, Gual, A., additional, and Wojnar, M., additional

Published
2015
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25. Managing alcohol problems in general practice in Europe: results from the European ODHIN survey of general practitioners

Author

Anderson, P., Wojnar, M., Jakubczyk, A., Gual, A., Segura, L., Sovinova, H., Csemy, L., Kaner, E., Newbury-Birch, D., Fornasin, A., Struzzo, P., Ronda, G., Steenkiste, B. van, Keurhorst, M., Laurant, M.G., Ribeiro, C., Rosario, F. do, Alves, I., Scafato, E., Gandin, C., Kolsek, M., Anderson, P., Wojnar, M., Jakubczyk, A., Gual, A., Segura, L., Sovinova, H., Csemy, L., Kaner, E., Newbury-Birch, D., Fornasin, A., Struzzo, P., Ronda, G., Steenkiste, B. van, Keurhorst, M., Laurant, M.G., Ribeiro, C., Rosario, F. do, Alves, I., Scafato, E., Gandin, C., and Kolsek, M.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, AIMS: To document the attitudes of general practitioners (GPs) from eight European countries to alcohol and alcohol problems and how these attitudes are associated with self-reported activity in managing patients with alcohol and alcohol problems. METHODS: A total of 2345 GPs were surveyed. The questionnaire included questions on the GP's demographics, reported education and training on alcohol, attitudes towards managing alcohol problems and self-reported estimates of numbers of patients managed for alcohol and alcohol problems during the previous year. RESULTS: The estimated mean number of patients managed for alcohol and alcohol problems during the previous year ranged from 5 to 21 across the eight countries. GPs who reported higher levels of education for alcohol problems and GPs who felt more secure in managing patients with such problems reported managing a higher number of patients. GPs who reported that doctors tended to have a disease model of alcohol problems and those who felt that drinking was a personal rather than a medical responsibility reported managing a lower number of patients. CONCLUSION: The extent of alcohol education and GPs' attitudes towards alcohol were associated with the reported number of patients managed. Thus, it is worth exploring the extent to which improved education, using pharmacotherapy in primary health care and a shift to personalized health care in which individual patients are facilitated to undertake their own assessment and management (individual responsibility) might increase the number of heavy drinkers who receive feedback on their drinking and support to reduce their drinking.

Published
2014

26. S32 * RECENT ADVANCES IN LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS OF ALCOHOL AND DRUG USE AND DEPENDENCE. APPLICATION OF NEW BIOMARKERS INTO CLINICAL PRACTICE

Author

Grzywacz, A., primary, Jasiewicz, A., additional, Malecka, I., additional, Suchanecka, A., additional, Samochowiec, J., additional, Matsumoto, H., additional, Podgorska, A., additional, Abramowska, M., additional, Wrzosek, M., additional, Jakubczyk, A., additional, Klimkiewicz, A., additional, Wnorowska, A., additional, Tyce, M., additional, Zwierzchowska, K., additional, Biecek, P., additional, Wojnar, M., additional, Adamowicz, P., additional, Zuba, D., additional, Lechowicz, W., additional, Kala, M., additional, and Waszkiewicz, N., additional

Published
2013
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28. S09 * GENDER DIFFERENCES IN ALCOHOLISM I

Author

Samochowiec, J., primary, Samochowiec, A., additional, Lesch, O., additional, Walter, H., additional, Hagele, C., additional, Beck, A., additional, Friedel, E., additional, Heinz, A., additional, Preuss, U., additional, Wojnar, M., additional, Jakubczyk, A., additional, Klimkiewicz, A., additional, and Wnorowska, A., additional

Published
2013
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29. PSYCHOLOGY AND MARKERS

Author

Petit, G., primary, Kornreich, C., additional, Noel, X., additional, Verbanck, P., additional, Campanella, S., additional, Choi, J., additional, Park, S. M., additional, Park, C. B., additional, Gwak, A. R., additional, Hwang, J. Y., additional, Lee, J. Y., additional, Jung, H. Y., additional, Maurage, P., additional, Joassin, F., additional, Philippot, P., additional, Hanak, C., additional, Verbank, P., additional, Luminet, O., additional, de Timary, P., additional, Grynberg, D., additional, Nyssen, L., additional, Quertemont, E., additional, Doallo, S., additional, Gomez-Suarez, A., additional, Malkowska, A., additional, Topolewska-Wochowska, A., additional, Bamburowicz-Klimkowska, M., additional, Matsumoto, H., additional, Szutowski, M., additional, Wojnar, M., additional, Corral, M., additional, Mateos, P., additional, Porras, C., additional, Garcia-Moreno, L. M., additional, Cadaveira, F., additional, Rubio, G., additional, Libman-Sokolowska, M., additional, Sygitowicz, G., additional, Filipek, A., additional, Piwowarska, J., additional, Dziklinska, A., additional, Radziwon-Zaleska, M., additional, Ryszewska-Pokrasniewicz, B., additional, Skalski, M., additional, Naruszewicz, M., additional, Biecek, P., additional, Tyce, M., additional, Zwierzchowska, K., additional, Nasierowski, T., additional, Sitkiewicz, D., additional, Kalk, N., additional, Cherian, R., additional, Naveed, M., additional, Newson, M., additional, Cavanagh, J., additional, Rabiner, E., additional, Dar, K., additional, McInnes, I., additional, Lingford-Hughes, A., additional, Neumann, A., additional, Vande Weghe, N., additional, Vilenne, A., additional, Kreusch, F., additional, Brkic, S., additional, Soderpalm, B., additional, Soderpalm-Gordh, A., additional, Oswald, L., additional, Wand, G., additional, Kuwabara, H., additional, Wong, D., additional, Brown, C., additional, Hutchison, K. E., additional, Karoly, H., additional, Bryan, A. D., additional, Thayer, R., additional, Weiland, B., additional, Harlaar, N., additional, Montanaro, E., additional, Hutchison, K., additional, Lason, W., additional, Walecki, P., additional, Gorzelanczyk, E. J., additional, Feit, J., additional, Pasgreta, K., additional, and Ziolkowski, M., additional

Published
2013
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30. EPIDEMIOLOGY

Author

Caamano-Isorna, F., primary, Ramkumar, M.-R., additional, Doallo, S., additional, Corral, M., additional, Rodriguez-Holguin, S., additional, Cadaveira, F., additional, Nemtsov, A. V., additional, Gilder, D., additional, Ehlers, C., additional, Gizer, I., additional, Yehuda, R., additional, Razvodovsky, Y., additional, Thorens, G., additional, Achab, S., additional, Peraro, L., additional, Lobello, S., additional, Rosa-Rizzotto, E., additional, Caroli, D., additional, Polato, F., additional, De Lazzari, F., additional, Grinakis, E., additional, Stathaki, D., additional, Sfakianaki, E., additional, Mouzas, J., additional, Salem, B., additional, Lesch, O. M., additional, Mouzas, I., additional, Koulentaki, M., additional, Liodaki, N., additional, Sfakianaki, K., additional, Pikraki, K., additional, Aggouridaki, R., additional, Hovhannisyan, K., additional, Skagert, E., additional, Thornqvist, K., additional, Ohlsson, M., additional, Wikstrom, M. M., additional, Tonnesen, H., additional, Anderson, P., additional, Gual, A., additional, Spak, F., additional, Bendtsen, P., additional, Keurhorst, M., additional, Segura, L., additional, Colom, J., additional, Reynolds, J., additional, Drummond, C., additional, Deluca, P., additional, van Steenkiste, B., additional, Mierzecki, A., additional, Kloda, K., additional, Wallace, P., additional, Newbury-Birch, D., additional, Kaner, E., additional, Laurant, M., additional, and Wojnar, M., additional

Published
2013
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32. POSTER SESSION 1: BASIC RESEARCH AND INTERNAL MEDICINE * BASIC RESEARCH * P01 * ASSOCIATION BETWEEN FOK I VITAMIN D RECEPTOR (VDR) GENE POLYMORPHISM AND IMPULSIVENESS IN ALCOHOL-DEPENDENT PATIENTS

Author

Wrzosek, M., primary, Lukaszkiewicz, J., additional, Jakubczyk, A., additional, Wrzosek, M., additional, Matsumoto, H., additional, Wojnar, M., additional, Lee, J., additional, Lee, B., additional, Choi, M., additional, Chai, Y., additional, Choi, I., additional, Janu, L., additional, Rackova, S., additional, Horacek, J., additional, Sanchez-Catalan, M., additional, Hipolito, L., additional, Marti-Prats, L., additional, Orrico, A., additional, Zornoza, T., additional, Granero, L., additional, Polache, A., additional, Milivojevic, V., additional, Kranzler, H. R., additional, Covault, J., additional, Glahn, A., additional, Wenzel, C., additional, Wilhelm, J., additional, Frieling, H., additional, Heberlein, A., additional, Bleich, S., additional, Hillemacher, T., additional, Colombo, G., additional, Lobina, C., additional, Carai, M. A. M., additional, Gessa, G., additional, Cacciaglia, R., additional, Loche, A., additional, Kuthcer, E., additional, Egorov, A., additional, Filatova, E., additional, Kulagina, K., additional, Filatova, E. V., additional, Kuther, E., additional, Egorov, A. Y., additional, Loi, B., additional, Maccioni, P., additional, Ledesma, J., additional, Aragon, C. M. G., additional, Quoilin, C., additional, Didone, V., additional, Quertemont, E., additional, Kemppainen, H., additional, Raivio, N., additional, Kiianmaa, K., additional, Pascual-Mora, M., additional, Couto, B. R. D., additional, Minarro, J., additional, Guerri, C., additional, Alfonso-Loeches, S., additional, Urena-Peralta, J., additional, Pascual-Lucas, M., additional, Morillo, M. J., additional, Renau-Piqueras, J., additional, Marin, M., additional, Esteban-Pretel, G., additional, Ponsoda, X., additional, Romero, A., additional, Ballestin, R., additional, Lopez, C., additional, Megias, L., additional, Timoneda, J., additional, Molowni, A., additional, Escrig, M. A., additional, Tiraboschi, E., additional, Saarikoski, S. T., additional, Castren, E., additional, Tarragon, E., additional, Balino, P., additional, Aragon, C. M., additional, Camarini, R., additional, Soares, S. L., additional, Carrara-Nascimento, P. F., additional, Godinho, R. O., additional, Scavone, C., additional, Kanuri, G., additional, Kreusch, F., additional, Quertement, E., additional, Closon, C., additional, Masson, S., additional, Seutin, V., additional, Durazzo, T. C., additional, Fryer, S. L., additional, Hutchison, K. E., additional, Mon, A., additional, Meyerhoff, D. J., additional, Nummi, K. P., additional, Salaspuro, M., additional, Vakevainen, S., additional, Ukai, W., additional, Shirasaka, T., additional, Hashimoto, E., additional, Yoshinaga, T., additional, Kaneta, H., additional, Kigawa, M., additional, Igarashi, T., additional, Watanabe, K., additional, Tateno, M., additional, Ishii, T., additional, Saito, T., additional, Lallemand, F., additional, Ward, R. J., additional, De Witte, P., additional, Verbank, P., additional, Fiore, M., additional, and Ceccanti, M., additional

Published
2011
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33. S23 * NEUROBIOLOGICAL ENDOPHENOTYPES IN ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE * S23.1 * GENETIC DETERMINANTS OF ALCOHOL ADDICTION: SEARCHING FOR AN ENDOPHENOTYPE ASSOCIATED WITH SWEET LIKING IN POPULATION OF FAMILIES WITH HISTORY OF ALCOHOL ADDICTION

Author

Samochowiec, J., primary, Grzywacz, A., additional, Jablonski, M., additional, Jasiewicz, A., additional, Bienkowski, P., additional, Preuss, U., additional, Ridinger, M., additional, Fehr, C., additional, Koller, G., additional, Bondy, B., additional, Wodarz, N., additional, Soyka, M., additional, Zill, P., additional, Wojnar, M., additional, Jakubczyk, A., additional, Matsumoto, H., additional, Habrat, B., additional, Heinz, A., additional, Muller, C. A., additional, Beck, A., additional, and Charlet, C., additional

Published
2011
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36. Childhood trauma, emotion regulation and pain in alcohol-dependent individuals.

Author

Zaorska, J., Kopera, M., Nowakowska, M., Kobyliński, P., Wojnar, M., and Jakubczyk, A.

Subjects
ADVERSE childhood experiences, PSYCHOLOGICAL child abuse, EMOTION regulation, PAIN tolerance, PSYCHOLOGICAL abuse, BRIEF Symptom Inventory
Abstract

Introduction: Several studies have confirmed that the experience of childhood trauma, poor emotion regulation as well as experience of physical pain may contribute to development and poor treatment outcomes in alcohol dependence (AD). However, little is known about mutual relationships between all these factors in individuals with AD. Objectives: to analyze associations between childhood trauma, emotion regulation and pain tolerance in alcohol-dependent individuals. Methods: The study group comprised 165 individuals diagnosed with AD. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire was used to investigate different types of trauma during childhood; the Brief Symptom Inventory - to assess anxiety symptoms; the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) - to assess emotional dysregulation and Pain Resilience Scale - to measure self-reported pain tolerance. Results: Childhood emotional abuse (CTQ subscale score), anxiety, emotional dysregulation (DERS total score), and the covariates (sex and age) explained almost 16% of the variance in pain tolerance (R2 = 0.156; F[5, 138] = 5.094; p < 0.001). Childhood emotional abuse was positively associated with anxiety, anxiety was positively associated with emotional dysregulation, and emotional dysregulation was negatively associated with pain resilience, adding up to the indirect negative association between childhood emotional abuse and pain tolerance. All of the correlations were significant. The statistical procedure proved anxiety and emotional dysregulation, operating in serial, mediated the effect of childhood emotional abuse on pain resilience in the study group. Conclusions: Addressing the issue of emotional dysregulation and physical pain in relation to childhood trauma, may be an important part of alcohol dependence therapeutic treatment programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020

37. Reorganization of Substance Use Treatment and Harm Reduction Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global Survey

Author

Seyed Ramin Radfar, Cornelis A. J. De Jong, Ali Farhoudian, Mohsen Ebrahimi, Parnian Rafei, Mehrnoosh Vahidi, Masud Yunesian, Christos Kouimtsidis, Shalini Arunogiri, Omid Massah, Abbas Deylamizadeh, Kathleen T. Brady, Anja Busse, ISAM-PPIG Global Survey Consortium, Marc N. Potenza, Hamed Ekhtiari, Alexander Mario Baldacchino, Adrian Octavian Abagiu, Franck David Noel Abouna, Mohamed Hassan Ahmed, Basma Al-ansari, Feda Mahmmoud Abu Al-khair, Mandhar Humaid Almaqbali, Atul Ambekar, Hossein Mohaddes Ardabili, Sidharth Arya, Victor Olufolahan Lasebikan, Murad Ali Ayasreh, Debasish Basu, Zoubir Benmebarek, Roshan Bhad, Mario Blaise, Nicolas Bonnet, Jennifer Brasch, Barbara Broers, Jenna L. Butner, Moses Camilleri, Giovanna Campello, Giuseppe Carra, Ivan Celic, Fatemeh Chalabianloo, Abhishek Chaturvedi, José de Jesús Eduardo Noyola Cherpitel, Kelly J. Clark, Melissa Anne Cyders, Ernesto de Bernardis, John Edward Derry, Naveen Kumar Dhagudu, Pavla Dolezalova, Geert Dom, Adrian John Dunlop, Mahmoud Mamdouh Elhabiby, Hussien Elkholy, Nsidibe Francis Essien, Ghandi Ilias Farah, Marica Ferri, Georgios D Floros, Catherine Friedman, Clara Hidalgo Fuderanan, Gilberto Gerra, Abhishek Ghosh, Maka Gogia, Ilias A. Grammatikopoulos, Paolo Grandinetti, Amira Guirguis, David Gutnisky, Paul Steven Haber, Peyman Hassani-Abharian, Zahra Hooshyari, Islam Ibrahim Mokhtar Ibrahim, Hada Fong-ha Ieong, Regina Nova Indradewi, Shelly Iskandar, Shobhit Jain, Sandi James, Seyyed Mohammad hossein Javadi, Keun Ho Joe, Darius Jokubonis, Acka Tushevska Jovanova, Rama Mohamed Kamal, Alexander Ivanov Kantchelov, Preethy Kathiresan, Gary Katzman, Paul Kawale, Audrey Margaret Kern, Felix Henrique Paim Kessler, Sung-Gon Sue Kim, Ann Marie Kimball, Zeljko Kljucevic, Kristiana Siste, Roneet Lev, Hae Kook Lee, Aiste Lengvenyte, Shaul Lev-ran, Geni Seseja Mabelya, Mohamed Ali El Mahi, J. Maphisa Maphisa, Icro Maremmani, Laura Masferrer, Orlagh McCambridge, Garrett Gregory McGovern, Aung Kyi Min, Amir Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, Jazman Mora-Rios, Indika Udaya Kumara Mudalige, Diptadhi Mukherjee, Pejic Munira Munira, Bronwyn Myers, Jayakrishnan Menon T N, Venkata Lakshmi Narasimha, Nkemakolam Ndionuka, Ali-Akbar Nejatisafa, Kamran Niaz, Asad Tamizuddin Nizami, Jan H. Nuijens, Laura Orsolini, Vantheara Oum, Adegboyega Adekunle Oyemade, Irena Rojnia Palavra, Sagun Ballav Pant, Joselyn Paredes, Eric Peyron, Randall Alberto Quirós, Rouhollah Qurishi, Noor ul Zaman Rafiq, Ranjini Raghavendra Rao, Woraphat Ratta-apha, Karren-Lee Raymond, Jens Reimer, Eduardo Renaldo, Tara Rezapour, James Roy Robertson, Carlos Roncero, Fazle Roub, Elizabeth Jane Rubenstein, Claudia Ines Rupp, Elizabeth Saenz, Mohammad Salehi, Lampros Samartzis, Laura Beatriz Sarubbo, Nusa Segrec, Bigya Shah, Hongxian Shen, Tomohiro Shirasaka, Steve Shoptaw, Fransiskus Muronga Sintango, Veronica Andrea Sosa, Emilis Subata, Norberto Sztycberg, Fatemeh Taghizadeh, Joseph Brian Tay Wee Teck, Christian Tjagvad, Marta Torrens, Judith Meme Twala, Ramyadarshni Vadivel, Joseph Robert Volpicelli, Jelmer Weijs, Steven Michael Wintoniw, Apisak Wittayanookulluk, Marcin Wojnar, Sadia Yasir, Yimenu Yitayih, Min Zhao, Arash Khojasteh Zonoozi, ISAM-PPIG Global Survey Consortium, Radfar, S, De Jong, C, Farhoudian, A, Ebrahimi, M, Rafei, P, Vahidi, M, Yunesian, M, Kouimtsidis, C, Arunogiri, S, Massah, O, Deylamizadeh, A, Brady, K, Busse, A, Potenza, M, Ekhtiari, H, Baldacchino, A, Abagiu, A, Abouna, F, Ahmed, M, Al-ansari, B, Mahmmoud Abu Al-khair, F, Almaqbali, M, Ambekar, A, Ardabili, H, Arya, S, Lasebikan, V, Ayasreh, M, Basu, D, Benmebarek, Z, Bhad, R, Blaise, M, Bonnet, N, Brasch, J, Broers, B, Butner, J, Camilleri, M, Campello, G, Carra, G, Celic, I, Chalabianloo, F, Chaturvedi, A, de Jesus Eduardo Noyola Cherpitel, J, Clark, K, Cyders, M, de Bernardis, E, Derry, J, Dhagudu, N, Dolezalova, P, Dom, G, Dunlop, A, Elhabiby, M, Elkholy, H, Essien, N, Farah, G, Ferri, M, Floros, G, Friedman, C, Fuderanan, C, Gerra, G, Ghosh, A, Gogia, M, Grammatikopoulos, I, Grandinetti, P, Guirguis, A, Gutnisky, D, Haber, P, Hassani-Abharian, P, Hooshyari, Z, Ibrahim, I, Ieong, H, Indradewi, R, Iskandar, S, Jain, S, James, S, Javadi, S, Joe, K, Jokubonis, D, Jovanova, A, Kamal, R, Kantchelov, A, Kathiresan, P, Katzman, G, Kawale, P, Kern, A, Kessler, F, Kim, S, Kimball, A, Kljucevic, Z, Siste, K, Lev, R, Lee, H, Lengvenyte, A, Lev-ran, S, Mabelya, G, Mahi, M, Maphisa, J, Maremmani, I, Masferrer, L, Mccambridge, O, Mcgovern, G, Min, A, Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, A, Mora-Rios, J, Mudalige, I, Mukherjee, D, Munira, P, Myers, B, Menon T N, J, Narasimha, V, Ndionuka, N, Nejatisafa, A, Niaz, K, Nizami, A, Nuijens, J, Orsolini, L, Oum, V, Oyemade, A, Palavra, I, Pant, S, Paredes, J, Peyron, E, Alberto Quiros, R, Qurishi, R, Rafiq, N, Rao, R, Ratta-apha, W, Raymond, K, Reimer, J, Renaldo, E, Rezapour, T, Robertson, J, Roncero, C, Roub, F, Rubenstein, E, Rupp, C, Saenz, E, Salehi, M, Samartzis, L, Sarubbo, L, Segrec, N, Shah, B, Shen, H, Shirasaka, T, Shoptaw, S, Sintango, F, Sosa, V, Subata, E, Sztycberg, N, Taghizadeh, F, Teck, J, Tjagvad, C, Torrens, M, Twala, J, Vadivel, R, Volpicelli, J, Weijs, J, Wintoniw, S, Wittayanookulluk, A, Wojnar, M, Yasir, S, Yitayih, Y, Zhao, M, Zonoozi, A, University of St Andrews. School of Medicine, University of St Andrews. Centre for Minorities Research (CMR), and University of St Andrews. Population and Behavioural Science Division

Subjects
opioid agonist treatment, RC435-571, Psychological intervention, addiction services, Health administration, Experimental Psychopathology and Treatment, 0302 clinical medicine, RA0421, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, Pandemic, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Drug addiction, 030212 general & internal medicine, harm reduction, Original Research, Psychiatry, Public health, Addiction medicine, substance use disorder, public health, 3rd-DAS, Opiate agonist treatment, Addiction services, Outreach, Substance abuse, Psychiatry and Mental health, RM, COVID-19 pandemic, drug policy, medicine.medical_specialty, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Drug policy, medicine, Substance use disorders, Harm reduction, business.industry, SDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, COVID-19, medicine.disease, addiction service, RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology, Coronavirus, Family medicine, Human medicine, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Background:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted people with substance use disorders (SUDs) worldwide, and healthcare systems have reorganized their services in response to the pandemic.Methods:One week after the announcement of the COVID-19 as a pandemic, in a global survey, 177 addiction medicine professionals described COVID-19-related health responses in their own 77 countries in terms of SUD treatment and harm reduction services. The health responses were categorized around (1) managerial measures and systems, (2) logistics, (3) service providers, and (4) vulnerable groups.Results:Respondents from over 88% of countries reported that core medical and psychiatric care for SUDs had continued; however, only 56% of countries reported having had any business continuity plan, and 37.5% of countries reported shortages of methadone or buprenorphine supplies. Participants of 41% of countries reported partial discontinuation of harm-reduction services such as needle and syringe programs and condom distribution. Fifty-seven percent of overdose prevention interventions and 81% of outreach services were also negatively impacted.Conclusions:Participants reported that SUD treatment and harm-reduction services had been significantly impacted globally early during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on our findings, we highlight several issues and complications resulting from the pandemic concerning people with SUDs that should be tackled more efficiently during the future waves or similar pandemics. The issues and potential strategies comprise the following: (1) helping policymakers to generate business continuity plans, (2) maintaining the use of evidence-based interventions for people with SUDs, (3) being prepared for adequate medication supplies, (4) integrating harm reduction programs with other treatment modalities, and (5) having specific considerations for vulnerable groups such as immigrants and refugees.

Published
2021

38. Alcohol Use Disorders in Primary Health Care: What Do We Know and Where Do We Go?

Author

Jürgen Rehm, Pierluigi Struzzo, Antoni Gual, Jakob Manthey, Peter J. Anderson, Kevin D. Shield, Marcin Wojnar, Rehm, J., Anderson, P., Manthey, J., Shield, K. D., Struzzo, Pierluigi, Wojnar, M., and Gual, A.

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Psychological intervention, 030508 substance abuse, Poison control, Suicide prevention, brief intervention, Occupational safety and health, Primari care, 03 medical and health sciences, risi drinking, 0302 clinical medicine, mental disorders, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Psychiatry, Central element, Primary Health Care, business.industry, Primary care physician, Primari care, risi drinking, brief intervention, General Medicine, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Anxiety, Brief intervention, medicine.symptom, 0305 other medical science, business, Alcohol-Related Disorders
Abstract

Aims To analyze the current paradigm and clinical practice for dealing with alcohol use disorders (AUD) in primary health care. Methods Analyses of guidelines and recommendations, reviews and meta-analyses. Results Many recommendations or guidelines for interventions for people with alcohol use problems in primary health care, from hazardous drinking to AUD, can be summarized in the SBIRT principle: s creening for alcohol use and alcohol-related problems, b rief i nterventions for hazardous and in some cases harmful drinking, r eferral to specialized t reatment for people with AUD. However, while there is some evidence that these procedures are effective in reducing drinking levels, they are rarely applied in clinical practice in primary health care, and no interventions are initiated, even if the primary care physician had detected problems or AUD. Rather than asking primary health care physicians to conduct interventions which are not typical for medical doctors, we recommend treatment initiation for AUD at the primary health care level. AUD should be treated like hypertension, i.e. with regular checks for alcohol consumption, advice for behavioral interventions in case of consumption exceeding thresholds, and pharmaceutical assistance in case the behavioral interventions were not successful. Minimally, alcohol consumption should be screened for in all situations where there is a co-morbidity with alcohol being a potential cause (such as hypertension, insomnia, depression or anxiety disorders). Conclusions A paradigm shift is proposed for dealing with problematic alcohol consumption in primary health care, where initiation for treatment for AUD is seen as the central element.

Published
2015

39. People with Alcohol Use Disorders in Specialized Care in Eight Different European Countries

Author

François Paille, Inga Landsmane, Henri-Jean Aubin, Roberto Della Vedova, Pierluigi Struzzo, Antoni Gual, Jürgen Rehm, Allaman Allamani, Andrzej Jakubczyk, Jakob Manthey, Marcin Wojnar, Nikoleta Kostogianni, Ulrich Frick, Kevin D. Shield, S. Snikere, Fabio Voller, Francesca Scafuri, Laia Miquel, Zsuzsanna Elekes, Lars Pieper, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Charlotte Probst, M. Trapencieris, Rehm, J., Allamani, A., Aubin, H. J., Della Vedova, R., Elekes, Z., Frick, U., Jakubczyk, A., Kostogianni, N., Landsmane, I., Manthey, J., Miquel, L., Paille, F., Pieper, L., Probst, C., Scafuri, F., Shield, K. D., Snikere, S., Struzzo, Pierluigi, Trapencieris, M., Voller, F., Wittchen, H. U., Gual, A., Wojnar, M., University of Zurich, and Rehm, Jürgen

Subjects
Male, Alcohol, Comorbidity, Alcohol use disorder, Anxiety, Severity of Illness Index, 2738 Psychiatry and Mental Health, Disability Evaluation, chemistry.chemical_compound, Germany, Prevalence, Young adult, Depression, Liver Diseases, Mental Disorders, Smoking, 3005 Toxicology, 2701 Medicine (miscellaneous), General Medicine, Health Services, Middle Aged, Alcoholism, Italy, Austria, Hypertension, Female, France, Substance Abuse Treatment Centers, medicine.symptom, Adult, Alcohol services, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, MEDLINE, 610 Medicine & health, Binge Drinking, Young Adult, mental disorders, Severity of illness, medicine, Humans, 10075 Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction, Psychiatry, Hungary, business.industry, Alcohol dependence, medicine.disease, Latvia, United States, Logistic Models, chemistry, Spain, Poland, business
Abstract

Aim: To provide a description of patients receiving alcohol treatment in eight different European countries, including the level of comorbidities and functional limitations. Methods: Drinking behaviours, DSM-IV alcohol use disorder (AUD), mental and somatic comorbidities, disability and health services utilization of 1767 patients from various specialized treatment settings were assessed as representative for regions of eight European countries. Severity of alcohol dependence (AD) in terms of drinking level was compared with a large representative US sample. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 2015, 1–9 doi: 10.1093/alcalc/agv009 Article © The Author 2015. Medical Council on Alcohol and Oxford University Press. All rights reserved 1 Alcohol and Alcoholism Advance Access published February 25, 2015 Downloaded from by guest on February 25, 2015 Results: Patients in specialized care for AUDs showed high levels of consumption [average level of daily ethanol intake: 141.1 g, standard deviation (SD): 116.0 g], comorbidity [e.g. liver problems: 19.6%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 17.5–21.6%; depression: 43.2%, 95% CI: 40.7–45.8%; anxiety: 50.3%, 95% CI: 47.8–52.9%], disability and health services utilization (average number of nights spent in hospital(s) during the last 6 months: 8.8, SD: 19.5 nights). Severity of AD was similar to the US sample, but European men consumed on average more alcohol daily. Conclusions: High levels of consumption, somatic and mental comorbidities, disability and functional losses were found in this representative treatment sample, indicating that treatment was initiated only at severe stages of AUDs. Earlier initiation of treatment could help avoid some of the health and social burden.

Published
2015

40. Professional's Attitudes Do Not Influence Screening and Brief Interventions Rates for Hazardous and Harmful Drinkers: Results from ODHIN Study

Author

Myrna Keurhorst, Jorge Palacio, Marcin Wojnar, Artur Mierzecki, Preben Bendtsen, Luiza Słodownik, Colin Drummond, Katarzyna Okulicz-Kozaryn, Ben van Steenkiste, Kathryn Parkinson, Karolina Kłoda, Fredrik, Dorothy Newbury-Birch, Joan Colom, Paul K. Wallace, Ulrika Müssener, Amy Wolstenholme, Krzysztof Brzózka, Miranda Laurant, Antoni Gual, Nadine Karlsson, Peter J. Anderson, Lidia Segura, Eileen Kaner, Gaby Ronda, Begoña Baena, Paolo Deluca, Jillian Reynolds, [Bendsten P] Department of Medical Specialist and Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Motala, Sweden. [Anderson P] Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Department of Family Medicine, Maastricht University, School CAPHRI, Maastricht, The Netherlands. [Wojnar M] Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. [Newbury-Birch D] Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. [Müssener U] Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. [Colom J, Segura L, Palacio J, Baena B] Programa d’Abús de Substàncies, Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain, Departament de Salut, Family Medicine, Health promotion, RS: CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, RS: CAPHRI - R5 - Optimising Patient Care, and RS: CAPHRI - R6 - Promoting Health & Personalised Care

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Otros calificadores::Otros calificadores::/prevención & control [Otros calificadores], Alcohol Drinking, STRATEGIES, Cross-sectional study, Attitude of Health Personnel, HELPING AGENTS, Psychological intervention, Alternative medicine, PRIMARY-HEALTH-CARE, CONTROLLED-TRIAL, law.invention, Healthcare improvement science Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 18], Alcoholisme - Prevenció, Other subheadings::Other subheadings::/prevention & control [Other subheadings], Professional Role, Randomized controlled trial, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), law, Surveys and Questionnaires, trastornos inducidos químicamente::trastornos relacionados con sustancias::trastornos relacionados con el alcohol::alcoholismo [ENFERMEDADES], Health care, GENERAL-PRACTICE, SUPPORT, medicine, MANAGEMENT, Humans, Psychiatry, atención a la salud (salud pública)::niveles de atención a la salud::atención a la salud (salud pública)::atención primaria de la salud [SALUD PÚBLICA], Social work, Primary Health Care, business.industry, General Medicine, medicine.disease, MANAGING ALCOHOL-PROBLEMS, Europe, Cross-Sectional Studies, Atenció primària, Health Care (Public Health)::Health Care Levels::Health Care (Public Health)::Primary Health Care [PUBLIC HEALTH], PRACTITIONERS, Psychotherapy, Brief, Female, Brief intervention, Chemically-Induced Disorders::Substance-Related Disorders::Alcohol-Related Disorders::Alcoholism [DISEASES], business
Abstract

Detecció d'alcoholèmia; Intervenció breu; Actitud del personal sanitari Detección de alcoholemia; Intervención breve; Actitud del personal sanitario Alcoholism detection; Brief intervention; Attitude of Health Personnel Aims: To determine the relation between existing levels of alcohol screening and brief interventionrates infive European jurisdictions and role security and therapeutic commitment by the participat-ing primary healthcare professionals. Methods: Health care professionals consisting of, 409 GPs, 282 nurses and 55 other staff including psy-chologists, social workers and nurse aids from 120 primary health care centres participated in a cross-sectional 4-week survey. The participants registered all screening and brief intervention activities aspart of their normal routine. The participants also completed the Shortened Alcohol and Alcohol Pro-blems Perception Questionnaire (SAAPPQ), which measure role security and therapeutic commitment. Results: The only significant but small relationship was found between role security and screeningrate in a multilevel logistic regression analysis adjusted for occupation of the provider, number ofeligible patients and the random effects of jurisdictions and primary health care units (PHCU). Nosignificant relationship was found between role security and brief intervention rate nor betweentherapeutic commitment and screening rate/brief intervention rate. The proportion of patientsscreened varied across jurisdictions between 2 and 10%. Conclusion: Thefindings show that the studied factors (role security and therapeutic commitment)are not of great importance for alcohol screening and BI rates. Given the fact that screening and briefintervention implementation rate has not changed much in the last decade in spite of increased pol-icy emphasis, training initiatives and more research being published, this raises a question aboutwhat else is needed to enhance implementation. Radboud university medical centre received co-funding from The NetherlandsOrganization for Health Research and Development (ZonMW, Prevention Pro-gramme), under Grant Agreement n° 200310017—ODHIN—Optimizing de-livery of healthcare interventions in the Netherlands, according to Art.II.17 ofthe FP7 EC Grant Agreement. Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin re-ceived co-funding regarding presented research from the Polish sciencefinancialresources in the years 2012–2014 allocated to conduct the international co-funded project ODHIN.

Published
2015

41. Who receives treatment for alcohol use disorders in the European Union? A cross-sectional representative study in primary and specialized health care

Author

Pierluigi Struzzo, Antoni Gual, Marcin Wojnar, Jürgen Rehm, Jakob Manthey, Rehm, J., Manthey, J., Struzzo, Pierluigi, Gual, A., and Wojnar, M.

Subjects
Adult, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Alcohol Drinking, Cross-sectional study, Alcohol use disorder, Comorbidity, Anxiety, Logistic regression, Health Services Accessibility, Keywords Alcohol use disorder, Treatment and control groups, Alcohol dependence, Treatment, Specialized care, Primary care, Europe, Health care, Prevalence, Medicine, media_common.cataloged_instance, Humans, European Union, European union, media_common, Aged, Primary Health Care, business.industry, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, medicine.disease, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Psychiatry and Mental health, Cross-Sectional Studies, Logistic Models, Female, business, Alcohol-Related Disorders, Demography
Abstract

BackgroundAlcohol use disorders (AUDs) are highly prevalent in Europe, but only a minority of those affected receive treatment. It is therefore important to identify factors that predict treatment in order to reframe strategies aimed at improving treatment rates.MethodsRepresentative cross-sectional study with patients aged 18–64 from primary health care (PC, six European countries, n = 8476, data collection 01/13–01/14) and from specialized health care (SC, eight European countries, n = 1762, data collection 01/13–03/14). For descriptive purposes, six groups were distinguished, based on type of DSM-IV AUD and treatment setting. Treatment status (yes/no) for any treatment (model 1), and for SC treatment (model 2) were main outcome measures in logistic regression models.ResultsAUDs were prevalent in PC (12-month prevalence: 11.8%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 11.2–12.5%), with 17.6% receiving current treatment (95%CI: 15.3–19.9%). There were clear differences between the six groups regarding key variables from all five predictor domains. Prediction of any treatment (model 1) or SC treatment (model 2) was successful with high overall accuracy (both models: 95%), sufficient sensitivity (model 1: 79%/model 2: 76%) and high specificity (both models: 98%). The most predictive single variables were daily drinking level, anxiety, severity of mental distress, and number of inpatient nights during the last 6 months.ConclusionsVariables from four domains were highly predictive in identifying treatment for AUD, with SC treatment groups showing very high levels of social disintegration, drinking, comorbidity and functional losses. Earlier intervention and formal treatment for AUD in PC should be implemented to reduce these high levels of adverse outcomes.

Published
2015

42. Clinical and pharmacological factors influencing serum clozapine and norclozapine levels.

Author

Mach A, Wnorowska A, Siwek M, Wojnar M, and Radziwoń-Zaleska M

Abstract

Background: Clozapine (CLO) is a very effective antipsychotic, whose use is associated with dose-dependent risk of complications. Due to high interindividual variability in CLO metabolism, there is a need to identify factors affecting the blood concentrations of CLO and its active metabolite, norclozapine (NCLO)., Methods: A total of 446 blood samples (collected from 233 women and 213 men, aged from 18 to 77 years) were included in this study and analyzed for CLO and NCLO concentrations. The patients were treated at a psychiatric hospital in Warsaw in the years 2016-2021. Serum CLO and NCLO concentrations were determined with high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to UV., Results: The following factors were shown to increase serum CLO and NCLO levels: higher CLO dose ( p < 0.001), female sex ( p < 0.001), nonsmoker status ( p < 0.001), the use of more than two additional psychotropic drugs (only in the case of CLO; p = 0.046), concomitant use of beta-blockers (for CLO p = 0.049; for NCLO p < 0.001), and older age (for CLO p < 0.001; for NCLO p = 0.011). Despite the use of CLO at daily doses within the recommended range (200-450 mg), the evaluated serum CLO and NCLO levels were within the therapeutic ranges in only 37% and 75% of cases, respectively, with 5.6% of cases exceeding the CLO toxicity threshold., Discussion: The use of CLO at recommended doses does not guarantee achieving therapeutic concentrations of CLO or NCLO. Women and nonsmokers were at the highest risk of having toxic CLO levels., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision., (Copyright © 2024 Mach, Wnorowska, Siwek, Wojnar and Radziwoń-Zaleska.)

Published
2024
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43. Simultaneous Comparison of Aqueous Humor and Serum Metabolic Profiles of Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery-A Targeted and Quantitative Metabolomics Study.

Author

Grochowski ET, Pietrowska K, Godlewski A, Gosk W, Buczynska A, Wojnar M, Konopinska J, Kretowski A, Ciborowski M, and Dmuchowska DA

Subjects
Adult, Humans, Aqueous Humor, Chromatography, Liquid, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Metabolomics, Arginine, Metabolome, Cataract, Diabetes Mellitus
Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the aqueous humor (AH) and serum concentrations of metabolites in diabetic ( n = 36) and nondiabetic ( n = 36) senior adults undergoing cataract surgery. Blood samples were collected before surgery and AH during surgery. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based targeted metabolomic and lipidomic analyses of samples were performed using the AbsoluteIDQ ® p180 kit. Out of 188 metabolites targeted by the kit, 41 and 133 were detected in >80% of AH and serum samples, respectively. Statistical analysis performed to indicate metabolites differentiating diabetic and nondiabetic patients showed 8 and 20 significant metabolites in AH and serum, respectively. Pathway analysis performed for significant metabolites revealed that galactose metabolism is mostly affected in the AH, while arginine biosynthesis is mostly affected in the serum. Among metabolites that differentiate diabetic and nondiabetic patients, arginine was the only metabolite common to both serum and AH samples, as well as the only one with a decreased concentration in both body fluids of diabetic patients. Concentrations of the rest were elevated in AH and lowered in serum. This may suggest different mechanisms of diabetes-related dysregulation of the local metabolism in the eye in comparison to systemic changes observed in the blood.

Published
2023
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44. Substance use disorders and COVID-19: reflections on international research and practice changes during the "poly-crisis".

Author

Carver H, Ciolompea T, Conway A, Kilian C, McDonald R, Meksi A, and Wojnar M

Subjects
Humans, Pandemics, Ethanol, Alcoholism epidemiology, COVID-19 epidemiology, Behavior, Addictive, Opioid-Related Disorders
Abstract

Since March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a disproportionately high toll on vulnerable populations, coinciding with increased prevalence of alcohol-and drug-related deaths and pre-existing societal issues such as rising income inequality and homelessness. This poly-crisis has posed unique challenges to service delivery for people with substance use disorders, and innovative approaches have emerged. In this Perspectives paper we reflect on the poly-crisis and the changes to research and practice for those experiencing substance use disorders, following work undertaken as part of the InterGLAM project (part of the 2022. Lisbon Addictions conference). The authors, who were part of an InterGLAM working group, identified a range of creative and novel responses by gathering information from conference attendees about COVID-19-related changes to substance use disorder treatment in their countries. In this paper we describe these responses across a range of countries, focusing on changes to telehealth, provision of medications for opioid use disorder and alcohol harm reduction, as well as changes to how research was conducted. Implications include better equity in access to technology and secure data systems; increased prescribed safer supply in countries where this currently does not exist; flexible provision of medication for opioid use disorder; scale up of alcohol harm reduction for people with alcohol use disorders; greater involvement of people with lived/living experience in research; and additional support for research in low- and middle-income countries. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the addictions field and there are lessons for ongoing and emerging crises., Competing Interests: HC, AC, TC, and AM all received scholarships from InterGLAM to attend the Lisbon Addictions Conference in November 2022. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Carver, Ciolompea, Conway, Kilian, McDonald, Meksi and Wojnar.)

Published
2023
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45. Extent of interocular (a)symmetry based on the metabolomic profile of human aqueous humor.

Author

Pietrowska K, Dmuchowska DA, Godlewski A, Grochowski ET, Wojnar M, Gosk W, Konopinska J, Kretowski A, and Ciborowski M

Abstract

Aims: Interocular comparison of the metabolomic signature of aqueous humor (AH) was performed. The aim of the study was to quantitatively evaluate the symmetry in concentrations of various metabolites belonging to different categories. Methods: The study included AH samples from 23 patients, 74.17 ± 11.52 years old, undergoing simultaneous bilateral cataract surgery at the Ophthalmology Department of the Medical University of Bialystok, Poland. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based targeted metabolomics and lipidomics analyses of AH samples were performed using the AbsoluteIDQ ® p180 kit. Out of 188 metabolites available in the kit, 67 were measured in the majority (>70%) of the samples: 21/21 amino acids, 10/22 biogenic amines, 9/40 acylcarnitines, 0/14 lysophosphatidylcholines, 21/76 phosphatidylcholines, 5/15 sphingolipids, and 1/1sum of hexoses. Results: The comparison of both eyes revealed that the concentrations of metabolites did not differ significantly ( p < 0.05) except for taurine ( p = 0.037). There was moderate-to-strong positive interocular correlation (r > 0.5) between most metabolites regarding concentration. This was confirmed by the high intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values of different levels, which varied for the different metabolites. However, there were exceptions. Correlations were not significant for 2 acylcarnitines (tiglylcarnitine and decadienylcarnitine) and 3 glycerophospholipids (PC aa C32:3, PC aa C40:2, and PC aa C40:5). Conclusion: With a few exceptions, a single eye was found to be representative of the fellow eye in terms of the concentration of most of the analyzed metabolites. The degree of intraindividual variability in the AH of fellow eyes differs for particular metabolites/metabolite categories., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Pietrowska, Dmuchowska, Godlewski, Grochowski, Wojnar, Gosk, Konopinska, Kretowski and Ciborowski.)

Published
2023
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46. Acetylsalicylic Acid and Mood Disorders: A Systematic Review.

Author

Dominiak M, Gędek A, Sikorska M, Mierzejewski P, Wojnar M, and Antosik-Wójcińska AZ

Abstract

The effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on mood disorders (MD) and on inflammatory parameters in preclinical and clinical studies have not yet been comprehensively evaluated. The aim of this study was to systematically summarize the available knowledge on this topic according to PRISMA guidelines. Data from preclinical and clinical studies were analyzed, considering the safety and efficacy of ASA in the treatment of MD and the correlation of inflammatory parameters with the effect of ASA treatment. Twenty-one studies were included. Both preclinical and clinical studies found evidence indicating the safety and efficacy of low-dose ASA in the treatment of all types of affective episodes in MD. Observational studies have indicated a reduced risk of all types of affective episodes in chronic low-dose ASA users (HR 0.92, 95% CI: 0.88, 0.95, p < 0.0001). An association between ASA response and inflammatory parameters was found in preclinical studies, but this was not confirmed in clinical trials. Further long-term clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of ASA in recurrent MD, as well as assessing the linkage of ASA treatment with inflammatory phenotype and cytokines, are required. There is also a need for preclinical studies to understand the exact mechanism of action of ASA in MD.

Published
2022
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47. Cognitive Function Decline in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy Is Associated with Sleep Fragmentation.

Author

Wołyńczyk-Gmaj D, Majewska A, Bramorska A, Różańska-Walędziak A, Ziemka S, Brzezicka A, Gmaj B, Czajkowski K, and Wojnar M

Abstract

During late pregnancy, sleep deterioration is regularly observed. In concert with these observations, in previous studies by other researchers, a slight objective cognitive decline in pregnant women has been found. Sleep is essential for memory consolidation. The hypothesis of the study was that cognitive impairment could be related to sleep deterioration during pregnancy. The study included 19 pregnant women in their third trimester of pregnancy (28−40 weeks, median 33 weeks (IQR 32−37)) recruited at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Warsaw, and 20 non-pregnant women as controls. The assessment was performed using the vocabulary subtest from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), D2 Test of Attention, OSPAN task (Operational Span Task) to assess cognitive performance, actigraphy to examine sleep parameters, and a set of self-report instruments: Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Ford Insomnia Response to Stress (FIRST), Regenstein Hyperarousal Scale (HS), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Although there were no differences between the groups in WAIS (p = 0.18), pregnant women had worse scores in working memory capacity (overall number of remembered letters: p = 0.012, WM span index: p = 0.004) and a significantly lower score in attention (p = 0.03). Pregnant women also had lower sleep efficiency (p = 0.001), more awakenings from sleep (p = 0.001), longer average awakenings (p < 0.0001), longer wake after sleep onset (WASO, p < 0.0001), and longer total time in bed (p < 0.0001). In psychological assessment, pregnant women had only a higher FIRST score (p = 0.02). Using mediation analysis, we found that frequent awakening might be the major factor contributing to deterioration in working memory performance, explaining almost 40% of the total effect. In conclusion, sleep fragmentation in the third trimester of pregnancy may impair working memory consolidation. Pregnant women often complain about poor daily performance as well as non-restorative sleep. In this study, we showed that there is a relationship between lower sleep quality in pregnancy and worse cognitive functioning. We can expect a cognitive decline in women with sleep disturbances in pregnancy. Therefore, we should pay more attention to the treatment of sleep disorders in pregnancy.

Published
2022
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48. Behavioral and Self-reported Data Collected From Smartphones for the Assessment of Depressive and Manic Symptoms in Patients With Bipolar Disorder: Prospective Observational Study.

Author

Dominiak M, Kaczmarek-Majer K, Antosik-Wójcińska AZ, Opara KR, Olwert A, Radziszewska W, Hryniewicz O, Święcicki Ł, Wojnar M, and Mierzejewski P

Subjects
Affect, Humans, Prospective Studies, Self Report, Bipolar Disorder diagnosis, Smartphone
Abstract

Background: Smartphones allow for real-time monitoring of patients' behavioral activities in a naturalistic setting. These data are suggested as markers for the mental state of patients with bipolar disorder (BD)., Objective: We assessed the relations between data collected from smartphones and the clinically rated depressive and manic symptoms together with the corresponding affective states in patients with BD., Methods: BDmon, a dedicated mobile app, was developed and installed on patients' smartphones to automatically collect the statistics about their phone calls and text messages as well as their self-assessments of sleep and mood. The final sample for the numerical analyses consisted of 51 eligible patients who participated in at least two psychiatric assessments and used the BDmon app (mean participation time, 208 [SD 132] days). In total, 196 psychiatric assessments were performed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Young Mania Rating Scale. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were applied to quantify the strength of the relation between the daily statistics on the behavioral data collected automatically from smartphones and the affective symptoms and mood states in patients with BD., Results: Objective behavioral data collected from smartphones were found to be related with the BD states as follows: (1) depressed patients tended to make phone calls less frequently than euthymic patients (β=-.064, P=.01); (2) the number of incoming answered calls during depression was lower than that during euthymia (β=-.15, P=.01) and, concurrently, missed incoming calls were more frequent and increased as depressive symptoms intensified (β=4.431, P<.001; β=4.861, P<.001, respectively); (3) the fraction of outgoing calls was higher in manic states (β=2.73, P=.03); (4) the fraction of missed calls was higher in manic/mixed states as compared to that in the euthymic state (β=3.53, P=.01) and positively correlated to the severity of symptoms (β=2.991, P=.02); (5) the variability of the duration of the outgoing calls was higher in manic/mixed states (β=.0012, P=.045) and positively correlated to the severity of symptoms (β=.0017, P=.02); and (6) the number and length of the sent text messages was higher in manic/mixed states as compared to that in the euthymic state (β=.031, P=.01; β=.015, P=.01; respectively) and positively correlated to the severity of manic symptoms (β=.116, P<.001; β=.022, P<.001; respectively). We also observed that self-assessment of mood was lower in depressive (β=-1.452, P<.001) and higher in manic states (β=.509, P<.001)., Conclusions: Smartphone-based behavioral parameters are valid markers for assessing the severity of affective symptoms and discriminating between mood states in patients with BD. This technology opens a way toward early detection of worsening of the mental state and thereby increases the patient's chance of improving in the course of the illness., (©Monika Dominiak, Katarzyna Kaczmarek-Majer, Anna Z Antosik-Wójcińska, Karol R Opara, Anna Olwert, Weronika Radziszewska, Olgierd Hryniewicz, Łukasz Święcicki, Marcin Wojnar, Paweł Mierzejewski. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (https://www.jmir.org), 19.01.2022.)

Published
2022
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49. A Naturalistic, European Multi-Center Clinical Study of Electrodermal Reactivity and Suicide Risk Among Patients With Depression.

Author

Carli V, Hadlaczky G, Petros NG, Iosue M, Zeppegno P, Gramaglia C, Amore M, Baca-Garcia E, Batra A, Cosman D, Courtet P, Di Sciascio G, Ekstrand J, Galfalvy H, Gusmão R, Jesus C, Heitor MJ, Constante M, Rad PM, Saiz PA, Wojnar M, and Sarchiapone M

Abstract

Background: Electrodermal hyporeactivity has been proposed as a marker of suicidal risk. The EUDOR-A study investigated the prevalence of electrodermal hyporeactivity among patients with depression and its association with attempted and completed suicide. Methods: Between August 2014 and March 2016, 1,573 in- and outpatients with a primary diagnosis of depression (active or remission phase) were recruited at 15 European psychiatric centers. Each patient was followed-up for 1 year. Electrodermal activity was assessed at baseline with the ElectroDermal Orienting Reactivity Test. Data on the sociodemographic characteristics, clinical diagnoses, and treatment of the subjects were also collected. The severity of the depressive symptoms was assessed through the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale. Information regarding number, time, and method of suicide attempts was gathered at baseline and at the end of the 1-year follow-up. The same data were collected in case of completed suicide. Results: Hyporeactive patients were shown to be significantly more at risk of suicide attempt compared to reactive patients, both at baseline and follow-up. A sensitivity of 29.86% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 46.77% were found for attempted suicide at baseline, while a sensitivity of 35.36% and a PPV of 8.92% were found for attempted suicide at follow-up. The sensitivity and PPV for completed suicide were 25.00 and 0.61%, respectively. However, when controlled for suicide attempt at baseline, the association between hyporeactivity and follow-up suicide attempt was no longer significant. The low number of completed suicides did not allow any analysis., Competing Interests: For the EUDOR-A study, the participating centres (MS, MI, PZ, CG, MA, EB-G, AB, DC, PC, GD, JE, RG, CJ, MH, MC, PMR, PS, and MW) received funding by EMOTRA AB, Sweden to perform the study. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Carli, Hadlaczky, Petros, Iosue, Zeppegno, Gramaglia, Amore, Baca-Garcia, Batra, Cosman, Courtet, Di Sciascio, Ekstrand, Galfalvy, Gusmão, Jesus, Heitor, Constante, Rad, Saiz, Wojnar and Sarchiapone.)

Published
2022
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50. Can Dog-Assisted Intervention Decrease Anxiety Level and Autonomic Agitation in Patients with Anxiety Disorders?

Author

Wołyńczyk-Gmaj D, Ziółkowska A, Rogala P, Ścigała D, Bryła L, Gmaj B, and Wojnar M

Abstract

Few studies have explored the influence of an Animal-Assisted Intervention on patients with mental disorders. We investigated it's impact on anxiety symptoms. We divided 51 patients with anxiety symptoms into two groups-treatment group, that went for a short 15-20 min' walk with a dog, his handler and a researcher and control group, that went for a walk only with a researcher. We used State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of fear, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Ford Insomnia Response to Stress (FIRST), Brief symptom Inventory (BSI) and VAS of satisfaction after trial to assess. We also checked the resting blood pressure and resting heart rate before and after performing psychological tests while sitting. We have obtained full data of 21 people from the research group and 26 people from the control group. After the intervention, the treatment group reported lower anxiety levels as a state (Mean (M) = 34.35; Standard Deviation (SD) = 6.9 vs. M = 40.94; SD = 8.6) and fear (M = 1.05; SD = 1.0 vs. M = 2.04; SD = 2.2) than the control group. After a walk with a dog, trait anxiety (M = 34.35; SD = 6.9 vs. M = 46.3; SD = 9.6), state anxiety (M = 48.9; SD = 7.2 vs. M = 53.9; SD = 7.8), fear (M = 1.05; SD= 1.0 vs. M = 2.57; SD = 2.3) and resting heart rate (M = 71.05; SD = 12.3 vs. M = 73.67; SD = 13.1) decreased significantly, while walking without a dog only reduced state anxiety (M = 47.24; SD =&nbsp;11.0 vs. M = 40.94; SD =&nbsp;8.6). Multivariate analysis of variance showed that after the walk, state anxiety was significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group, F(1.35) = 6.706, p <0.05, η 2 = 0.161. Among those who walked with a dog, the intervention also led to significant decreases in fear and resting heart rate, F(1.44) = 11.694, p < 0.01, η 2 = 0.210 and F(1.45) = 8.503; p < 0.01; η 2 = 0.159, respectively. For anxious patients, a short walk with a dog is more beneficial than a walk without one. We found significant positive effects of a dog's company on vegetative arousal and mental comfort. This is another study confirming the possible therapeutic effect of the animal on anxiety symptoms. Further research is required, especially in the large groups of patients, as recommendations on the use of Animal Assisted Interventions (AAI) are needed.

Published
2021
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