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The effect of substituting native grass with jengkol (Archidendron jiringa) by-product on fermentation characteristics, rumen microbial profile, methane production, and hydrogen balance using in vitro method was investigated. Seven treatments (different composition of native grass, jengkol peel, jengkol leaves, and concentrate) with five replications in a block randomized design were used. Substitution of native grass with jengkol peel powder up to 22.5% decreased rumen pH and protozoa, increased N-NH3, did not change feed digestibility (dry matter digestibility (DMD) and organic matter digestibility (OMD)), total and proportional volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, microbial protein synthesis, methane production, and hydrogen balance. The use of jengkol leaves powder up to 45% decreased rumen pH, increased N-NH3, feed digestibility (DMD and DMO) and microbial protein synthesis, but did not affect total and proportional VFA production, protozoa population, hydrogen balance, and methane production. It is concluded that native grass can be substituted with jengkol peel powder up to 22.5% and leaves powder up to 45%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was conducted to determine the interaction of NDF level and fiber particle size on the performance of production, digestibility of dry matter, crude fiber and fiber fraction, digestive tract, microbial profiles, volatile fatty acids (VFA), and total organic acid of rabbits during the fattening period. The experiment utilized 144 New Zealand white (NZW) crossbred rabbits aged 28 days. The experimental design was a completely randomized 3 x 3 factorial pattern, with 3 levels of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (F1= 33.60%, F2= 36.10%, and F3= 41.43%) and 3 sizes of fiber particles (P1= 1 mm, P2= 2 mm, and P3= 3 mm). Each treatment had 4 replications, and each replication had 4 animals. The combination treatment showed changes in feed intake with an average of 5.25 kg/head. The F2 treatment showed the best results in body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) with an average of 1.80 kg/head and 3.09, respectively. The F1 level showed the highest average of pathogenic bacteria (E. coli) population at 3.37 x 109 cfu/mL which inversely proportional to the average level of butyric acid percentage and total organic acids which were 12.92% and 386.23 mmol/L in rabbits during the post-weaning period. The conclusion of this study was that the inclusion of NDF and a balanced size of fiber feed in feed could lead to optimization of the fiber digestibility, digestive tract, total organic acid production, and butyric acid concentration which could suppress the growth of E. coli and improve the performance of rabbits during the fattening period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture is the property of Diponegoro University & Indonesian Society of Animal Agriculture, Faculty of Animal Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Media Peternakan is the property of Bogor Agricultural University, Faculty of Animal Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Biofat is a hexane extract containing several bioactive compounds with anacardic acid as the major compound. This study aimed to examine the effect of anacardic acid on rumen fermentation, especially methane and its degradation in the in vitro rumen fermentation. The study was arranged in a completely randomized block design. The treatments were control (substrate or complete feed), biofat (substrate + 0.75 uL/mL biofat), and anacardic acid (substrate + 0.75 uL/mL anacardic acid). Measured variables were total gas production, methane, pH, concentration of ammonia (NH3), dry matter degrability (DMD), organic matter degrability (OMD), and neutral detergent fiber degrability (NDFD) in the rumen. The chromatogram GC-MS analysis results indicated that the anacardic acid isolation process of the biofat produced nearly pure isolate (99.44%), and significantly decreased the production of methane by 51.21% and 39.62%, respectively. Anacardic acid degradation pattern in the in vitro rumen test showed a shifting of retention factor (Rf) value after anacardic acid being incubated with the degradation of anacardic acid occurred after 24 h of fermentation. In conclusion, anacardic acid isolated from biofat has a dominant role to reduce the in vitro methane production. Anacardic acid is very potential to be used as a methane reducing agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Media Peternakan is the property of Bogor Agricultural University, Faculty of Animal Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of complete rations containing soybean pod and soybean by-products (soybean meal and tofu waste) on rumen microbial population, fermentation characteristics, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen retention of Madura cattle. Twelve Madura cattle of 1.5 years of age were given 4 feeding treatments in triplicates in randomized block design experiment. The treatments included T0 (100% native grass) as a negative control, T1 (concentrate: grass (60:40) as a positive control, T2 (complete ration containing 15% soybean pods), and T3 (complete ration containing 30% soybean pods). The treatments were based on feeding practices commonly applied by farmers in the village. The results showed that the use of concentrate rations or complete rations containing soybean pod and by-product did not affect protozoa population, ammonia concentration, and total VFA production compared to cattle fed 100% native grass. In contrast, the use of concentrate rations or complete rations containing soybean pod and by-products reduced acetate and increased butyrate proportion compared to native grass. The use of a concentrate ration resulted the highest propionate proportion. Methane estimation increased with the use of concentrate ration or complete ration containing 15% soybean pod, but it decreased when the level of soybean pod was increased to 30%. It can be concluded that soybean pod has a potential to be used as a fiber source in beef cattle ration to substitute native grass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]