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1. Refugees: Renewing the Vision: An NGO working paper on improving the asylum system

Author

Williams, Richard

Subjects
Governance and citizenship
Abstract

This paper, developed by the Refugee Council in partnership with leading refugee and human rights agencies, attempts to set out a positive, alternative agenda for improving the european asylum sysytem and in doing so provides a starting point for debate. It begins by establishing some key principles and approaches, and goes on to indicate how they might be applied.

Published
2004

14. Sustainable mining in tropical, biodiverse landscapes: Environmental challenges and opportunities in the archipelagic Philippines

Author

Domingo, Justine Perry T., Jenkin, Gawen R.T., Quick, Laura, Williams, Richard D., Hudson-Edwards, Karen A., Tortajada, Cecilia, Byrne, Patrick, Coulthard, Tom J., Padrones, Jenielyn T., Crane, Rich, Gibaga, Cris Reven L., Vasilopoulos, Grigorios, Tungpalan, Kate, Samaniego, Jessie O., Biles, Emma, Tanciongco, Alexandria M., Chambers, Jonathan E., Quimado, Marilyn O., Bautista, Angel T., VII, Gonzalvo, Francis Ian P., Aquino, Karmina A., Swift, Russell T., Cui, Loucel E., Chalkley, Richard, Tibbett, Mark, Faustino-Eslava, Decibel V., and Arcilla, Carlo A.

Published
2024
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17. Early trajectories of virological and immunological biomarkers and clinical outcomes in patients admitted to hospital for COVID-19: an international, prospective cohort study

Author

Sahner, David, Tierney, John, Vogel, Susan E., Herpin, Betsey R., Smolskis, Mary C., McKay, Laura A., Cahill, Kelly, Crew, Page, Sardana, Ratna, Raim, Sharon Segal, Hensely, Lisa, Lorenzo, Johsua, Mock, Rebecca, Zuckerman, Judith, Atri, Negin, Miller, Mark, Vallee, David, Chung, Lucy, Kang, Nayon, Barrett, Kevin, Adam, Stacey J., Read, Sarah, Draghia-Akli, Ruxandra, Currier, Judy, Hughes, Eric, Harrigan, Rachel H., Amos, Laura, Carlsen, Amy, Carter, Anita, Collins, Gary, Davis, Bionca, Denning, Eileen, DuChene, Alain, Eckroth, Kate, Engen, Nicole, Frase, Alex, Gandits, Greg, Grund, Birgit, Harrison, Merrie, Hurlbut, Nancy, Kaiser, Payton, Koopmeiners, Joseph, Larson, Gregg, Meger, Sue, Mistry, Shweta Sharma, Murray, Thomas, Nelson, Ray, Quan, Kien, Quan, Siu Fun, Reilly, Cavan, Siegel, Lianne, Thompson, Greg, Vock, David, Walski, Jamie, Gelijns, Annetine C., Moskowitz, Alan J., Bagiella, Emilia, Moquete, Ellen, O'Sullivan, Karen, Marks, Mary E., Accardi, Evan, Kinzel, Emily, Burris, Sarah, Bedoya, Gabriela, Gupta, Lola, Overbey, Jessica R., Santos, Milerva, Gillinov, Marc A., Miller, Marissa A., Taddei-Peters, Wendy C., Fenton, Kathleen, Sandkovsky, Uriel, Gottlieb, Robert L., Mack, Michael, Berhe, Mezgebe, Haley, Clinton, Dishner, Emma, Bettacchi, Christopher, Golden, Kevin, Duhaime, Erin, Ryan, Madison, Tallmadge, Catherine, Estrada, Lorie, Jones, Felecia, Villa, Samatha, Wang, Samatha, Robert, Raven, Coleman, Tanquinisha, Clariday, Laura, Baker, Rebecca, Hurutado-Rodriguez, Mariana, Iram, Nazia, Fresnedo, Michelle, Davis, Allyson, Leonard, Kiara, Ramierez, Noelia, Thammavong, Jon, Duque, Krizia, Turner, Emma, Fisher, Tammy, Robinson, Dianna, Ransom, Desirae, Maldonado, Nicholas, Lusk, Erica, Killian, Aaron, Palacious, Adriana, Solis, Edilia, Jerrow, Janet, Watts, Matthew, Whitacre, Heather, Cothran, Elizabeth, Smith, Peter K., Barkauskas, Christina E., Vekstein, Andrew M., Ko, Emily R., Dreyer, Grace R., Stafford, Neil, Brooks, Megan, Der, Tatyana, Witte, Marie, Gamarallage, Ruwan, Franzone, John, Ivey, Noel, Lumsden, Rebecca H., Mosaly, Nilima, Mourad, Ahmaad, Holland, Thomas L., Motta, Mary, Lane, Kathleen, McGowan, Lauren M., Stout, Jennifer, Aloor, Heather, Bragg, Kennesha M., Toledo, Barvina, McLendon-Arvik, Beth, Bussadori, Barbara, Hollister, Beth A., Griffin, Michelle, Giangiacomo, Dana M., Rodriguez, Vicente, Bokhart, Gordon, Eichman, Sharon M., Parrino, Patrick E., Spindel, Stephen, Bansal, Aditya, Baumgarten, Katherine, Hand, Johnathan, Vonderhaar, Derek, Nossaman, Bobby, Sylvia Laudun, Ames, DeAnna, Broussard, Shane, Hernandez, Nilmo, Isaac, Geralyn, Dinh, Huan, Zheng, Yiling, Tran, Sonny, McDaniel, Hunter, Crovetto, Nicolle, Perin, Emerson, Costello, Briana, Manian, Prasad, Sohail, M. Rizwan, Postalian, Alexander, Hinsu, Punit, Watson, Carolyn, Chen, James, Fink, Melyssa, Sturgis, Lydia, Walker, Kim, Mahon, Kim, Parenti, Jennifer, Kappenman, Casey, Knight, Aryn, Sturek, Jeffrey M., Barros, Andrew, Enfield, Kyle B., Kadl, Alexandra, Green, China J., Simon, Rachel M., Fox, Ashley, Thornton, Kara, Adams, Amy, Badhwar, Vinay, Sharma, Sunil, Peppers, Briana, McCarthy, Paul, Krupica, Troy, Sarwari, Arif, Reece, Rebecca, Fornaresico, Lisa, Glaze, Chad, Evans, Raquel, Di, Fang, Carlson, Shawn, Aucremanne, Tanja, Tennant, Connie, Sutton, Lisa Giblin, Buterbaugh, Sabrina, Williams, Roger, Bunner, Robin, Traverse, Jay H., Rhame, Frank, Huelster, Joshua, Kethireddy, Rajesh, Davies, Irena, Salamanca, Julianne, Majeski, Christine, Skelton, Paige, Zarambo, Maria, Sarafolean, Andrea, Bowdish, Michael E., Borok, Zea, Wald-Dickler, Noah, Hutcheon, Douglass, Towfighi, Amytis, Lee, Mary, Lewis, Meghan R., Spellberg, Brad, Sher, Linda, Sharma, Aniket, Olds, Anna P., Justino, Chris, Loxano, Edward, Romero, Chris, Leong, Janet, Rodina, Valentina, Quesada, Christine, Hamilton, Luke, Escobar, Jose, Leshnower, Brad, Bender, William, Sharifpour, Milad, Miller, Jeffrey, Farrington, Woodrow, Baio, Kim T., McBride, Mary, Fielding, Michele, Mathewson, Sonya, Porte, Kristina, Maton, Missy, Ponder, Chari, Haley, Elisabeth, Spainhour, Christine, Rogers, Susan, Tyler, Derrick, Madathil, Ronson J., Rabin, Joseph, Levine, Andrea, Saharia, Kapil, Tabatabai, Ali, Lau, Christine, Gammie, James S., Peguero, Maya-Loren, McKernan, Kimberly, Audette, Mathew, Fleischmann, Emily, Akbari, Kreshta, Lee, Myounghee, Chi, Andrew, Salehi, Hanna, Pariser, Alan, Nyguyen, Phuong Tran, Moore, Jessica, Gee, Adrienne, Vincent, Shelika, Zuckerman, Richard A., Iribarne, Alexander, Metzler, Sara, Shipman, Samantha, Johnson, Haley, Newton, Crystallee, Parr, Doug, Miller, Leslie, Schelle, Beth, McLean, Sherry, Rothbaum, Howard R., Alvarez, Michael S., Kalan, Shivam P., Germann, Heather H., Hendershot, Jennifer, Moroney, Karen, Herring, Karen, Cook, Sharri, Paul, Pam, Walker-Ignasiak, Rebecca, North, Crystal, Oldmixon, Cathryn, Ringwood, Nancy, Muzikansky, Ariela, Morse, Richard, Fitzgerald, Laura, Morin, Haley D., Brower, Roy G., Reineck, Lora A., Bienstock, Karen, Steingrub, Jay H., Hou, Peter K., Steingrub, Jay S., Tidswell, Mark A., Kozikowski, Lori-Ann, Kardos, Cynthia, DeSouza, Leslie, Romain, Sarah, Thornton-Thompson, Sherell, Talmor, Daniel, Shapiro, Nathan, Andromidas, Konstantinos, Banner-Goodspeed, Valerie, Bolstad, Michael, Boyle, Katherine L., Cabrera, Payton, deVilla, Arnaldo, Ellis, Joshua C., Grafals, Ana, Hayes, Sharon, Higgins, Conor, Kurt, Lisa, Kurtzman, Nicholas, Redman, Kimberly, Rosseto, Elinita, Scaffidi, Douglas, Filbin, Michael R., Hibbert, Kathryn A., Parry, Blair, Margolin, Justin, Hillis, Brooklynn, Hamer, Rhonda, Brait, Kelsey, Beakes, Caroline, McKaig, Brenna, Kugener, Eleonore, Jones, Alan E., Galbraith, James, Nandi, Utsav, Peacock, Rebekah, Hendey, Gregory, Kangelaris, Kirsten, Ashktorab, Kimia, Gropper, Rachel, Agrawal, Anika, Yee, Kimberley J., Jauregui, Alejandra E., Zhuo, Hanjing, Almasri, Eyad, Fayed, Mohamed, Hubel, Kinsley A., Hughes, Alyssa R., Garcia, Rebekah L., Lim, George W., Chang, Steven Y., Lin, Michael Y., Vargas, Julia, Sihota, Hena, Beutler, Rebecca, Agarwal, Trisha, Wilson, Jennifer G., Vojnik, Rosemary, Perez, Cynthia, McDowell, Jordan H., Roque, Jonasel, Wang, Henry, Huebinger, Ryan M., Patel, Bela, Vidales, Elizabeth, Albertson, Timothy, Hardy, Erin, Harper, Richart, Moss, Marc A., Baduashvili, Amiran, Chauhan, Lakshmi, Douin, David J., Martinez, Flora, Finck, Lani L., Bastman, Jill, Howell, Michelle, Higgins, Carrie, McKeehan, Jeffrey, Finigan, Jay, Stubenrauch, Peter, Janssen, William J., Griesmer, Christine, VerBurg, Olivia, Hyzy, Robert C., Park, Pauline K., Nelson, Kristine, McSparron, Jake I., Co, Ivan N., Wang, Bonnie R., Jimenez, Jose, Olbrich, Norman, McDonough, Kelli, Jia, Shijing, Hanna, Sinan, Gong, Michelle N., Richardson, Lynne D., Nair, Rahul, Lopez, Brenda, Amosu, Omowunmi, Offor, Obiageli, Tzehaie, Hiwet, Nkemdirim, William, Boujid, Sabah, Mosier, Jarrod M., Hypes, Cameron, Campbell, Elizabeth Salvagio, Bixby, Billie, Gilson, Boris, Lopez, Anitza, Bime, Christian, Parthasarathy, Sairam, Cano, Ariana M., Hite, R. Duncan, Terndrup, Thomas E., Wiedemann, Herbert P., Hudock, Kristin, Tanzeem, Hammad, More, Harshada, Martinkovic, Jamie, Sellers, Susan, Houston, Judy, Burns, Mary, Kiran, Simra, Roads, Tammy, Kennedy, Sarah, Duggal, Abhijit, Thiruchelvam, Nirosshan, Ashok, Kiran, King, Alexander H., Mehkri, Omar, Dugar, Siddharth, Sahoo, Debasis, Yealy, Donald M., Angus, Derek C., Weissman, Alexandra J., Vita, Tina M., Berryman, Emily, Hough, Catherine L., Khan, Akram, Krol, Olivia F., Mills, Emmanuel, Kinjal, Mistry, Briceno, Genesis, Reddy, Raju, Hubel, Kinsley, Jouzestani, Milad K., McDougal, Madeline, Deshmukh, Rupali, Johnston, Nicholas J., Robinson, Bryce H., Gundel, Staphanie J., Katsandres, Sarah C., Chen, Peter, Torbati, Sam S., Parimon, Tanyalak, Caudill, Antonina, Mattison, Brittany, Jackman, Susan E., Chen, Po-En, Bayoumi, Emad, Ojukwu, Cristabelle, Fine, Devin, Weissberg, Gwendolyn, Isip, Katherine, Choi-Kuaea, Yunhee, Mehdikhani, Shaunt, Dar, Tahir B., Fleury Augustin, Nsole Biteghe, Tran, Dana, Dukov, Jennifer Emilow, Matusov, Yuri, Choe, June, Hindoyan, Niree A., Wynter, Timothy, Pascual, Ethan, Clapham, Gregg J., Herrera, Lisa, Caudill, Antonia, O’Mahony, D. Shane, Nyatsatsang, Sonam T., Wilson, David M., Wallick, Julie A., Duven, Alexandria M., Fletcher, Dakota D., Miller, Chadwick, Files, D. Clark, Gibbs, Kevin W., Flores, Lori S., LaRose, Mary E., Landreth, Leigha D., Palacios, D. Rafael, Parks, Lisa, Hicks, Madeline, Goodwin, Andrew J., Kilb, Edward F., Lematty, Caitlan T., Patti, Kerilyn, Grady, Abigail, Rasberry, April, Morris, Peter E., Sturgill, Jamie L., Cassity, Evan P., Dhar, Sanjay, Montgomery-Yates, Ashley A., Pasha, Sarah N., Mayer, Kirby P., Pharm.D., Brittany Bissel, Trott, Terren, Rehman, Shahnaz, de Wit, Marjolein, Mason, Jessica, Bledsoe, Joseph, Knowlton, Kirk U., Brown, Samuel, Lanspa, Michael, Leither, Lindsey, Pelton, Ithan, Armbruster, Brent P., Montgomery, Quinn, Kumar, Naresh, Fergus, Melissa, Imel, Karah, Palmer, Ghazal, Webb, Brandon, Klippel, Carolyn, Jensen, Hannah, Duckworth, Sarah, Gray, Andrew, Burke, Tyler, Knox, Dan, Lumpkin, Jenna, Aston, Valerie T., Applegate, Darrin, Serezlic, Erna, Brown, Katie, Merril, Mardee, Harris, Estelle S., Middleton, Elizabeth A., Barrios, Macy A.G., Greer, Jorden, Schmidt, Amber D., Webb, Melissa K., Paine, Roert, Callahan, Sean J., Waddoups, Lindsey J., Yamane, Misty B., Self, Wesley H., Rice, Todd W., Casey, Jonathan D., Johnson, Jakea, Gray, Christopher, Hays, Margaret, Roth, Megan, Menon, Vidya, Kasubhai, Moiz, Pillai, Anjana, Daniel, Jean, Sittler, Daniel, Kanna, Balavenkatesh, Jilani, Nargis, Amaro, Francisco, Santana, Jessica, Lyakovestsky, Aleksandr, Madhoun, Issa, Desroches, Louis Marie, Amadon, Nicole, Bahr, Alaa, Ezzat, Imaan, Guerrero, Maryanne, Padilla, Joane, Fullmer, Jessie, Singh, Inderpreet, Ali Shah, Syed Hamad, Narang, Rajeev, Mock, Polly, Shadle, Melissa, Hernandez, Brenda, Welch, Kevin, Payne, Andrea, Ertl, Gabriela, Canario, Daniel, Barrientos, Isabel, Goss, Danielle, DeVries, Mattie, Folowosele, Ibidolapo, Garner, Dorothy, Gomez, Mariana, Price, Justin, Bansal, Ekta, Wong, Jim, Faulhaber, Jason, Fazili, Tasaduq, Yeary, Brian, Ndolo, Ruth, Bryant, Christina, Smigeil, Bridgette, Robinson, Philip, Najjar, Rana, Jones, Patrice, Nguyen, Julie, Chin, Christina, Taha, Hassan, Najm, Salah, Smith, Christopher, Moore, Jason, Nassar, Talal, Gallinger, Nick, Christian, Amy, Mauer, D’Amber, Phipps, Ashley, Waters, Michael, Zepeda, Karla, Coslet, Jordan, Landazuri, Rosalynn, Pineda, Jacob, Uribe, Nicole, Garcia, Jose Ruiz, Barbabosa, Cecilia, Sandler, Kaitlyn, Overcash, J. Scott, Marquez, Adrienna, Chu, Hanh, Lee, Kia, Quillin, Kimberly, Garcia, Andrea, Lew, Pauline, Rogers, Ralph, Shehadeh, Fadi, Mylona, Evangelia K., Kaczynski, Matthew, Tran, Quynh-Lam, Benitez, Gregorio, Mishra, Biswajit, Felix, Lewis Oscar, Vafea, Maria Tsikala, Atalla, Eleftheria, Davies, Robin, Hedili, Salma, Monkeberg, Maria Andrea, Tabler, Sandra, Harrington, Britt, Meegada, Sreenath, Koripalli, Venkata Sandeep, Muddana, Prithvi, Jain, Lakshay, Undavalli, Chaitanya, Kavya, Parasa, Ibiwoye, Mofoluwaso, Akilo, Hameed, Lovette, Bryce D., Wylie, Jamie-Crystal, Smith, Diana M., Poon, Kenneth, Eckardt, Paula, Heysu, Rubio-Gomez, Sundararaman, Nithya, Alaby, Doris, Sareli, Candice, Sánchez, Adriana, Popielski, Laura, Kambo, Amy, Viens, Kimberley, Turner, Melissa, Vjecha, Michael J., Weintrob, Amy, Brar, Indira, Markowitz, Norman, Pastor, Erika, Corpuz, Roweena, Alangaden, George, McKinnon, John, Ramesh, Mayur, Herc, Erica, Yared, Nicholas, Lanfranco, Odaliz Abreu, Rivers, Emanuel, Swiderek, Jennifer, Gupta, Ariella Hodari, Pabla, Pardeep, Eliya, Sonia, Jazrawi, Jehan, Delor, Jeremy, Desai, Mona, Cook, Aaron, Jaehne, Anja Kathrina, Gill, Jasreen Kaur, Renaud, Sheri, Sarveswaran, Siva, Gardner, Edward, Scott, James, Bianchini, Monica, Melvin, Casey, Kim, Gina, Wyles, David, Kamis, Kevin, Miller, Rachel, Douglas, Ivor, Haukoos, Jason, Hicks, Carrie, Lazarte, Susana, Marines-Price, Rubria, Osuji, Alice, Agbor Agbor, Barbine Tchamba, Petersen, Tianna, Kamel, Dena, Hansen, Laura, Garcia, Angie, Cha, Christine, Mozaffari, Azadeh, Hernandez, Rosa, Cutrell, James, Kim, Mina, DellaValle, Natalie, Gonzales, Sonia, Somboonwit, Charurut, Oxner, Asa, Guerra, Lucy, Hayes, Michael, Nguyen, Thi, Tran, Thanh, Pinto, Avenette, Hatlen, Timothy, Anderson, Betty, Zepeda-Gutierrez, Ana, Martin, Dannae, Temblador, Cindi, Cuenca, Avon, Tanoviceanu, Roxanne, Prieto, Martha, Guerrero, Mario, Daar, Eric, Correa, Ramiro, Hartnell, Gabe, Wortmann, Glenn, Doshi, Saumil, Moriarty, Theresa, Gonzales, Melissa, Garman, Kristin, Baker, Jason V., Frosch, Anne, Goldsmith, Rachael, Driver, Brian, Frank, Christine, Leviton, Tzivia, Prekker, Matthew, Jibrell, Hodan, Lo, Melanie, Klaphake, Jonathan, Mackedanz, Shari, Ngo, Linh, Garcia-Myers, Kelly, Kunisaki, Ken M., Wendt, Chris, Melzer, Anne, Wetherbee, Erin, Drekonja, Dimitri, Pragman, Alexa, Hamel, Aimee, Thielen, Abbie, Hassler, Miranda, Walquist, Mary, Augenbraun, Michael, George, Jensen, Demeo, Lynette, Mishko, Motria, Thomas, Lorraine, Tatem, Luis, Dehovitz, Jack, Abassi, Mahsa, Leuck, Anne-Marie, Rao, Via, Pullen, Matthew, Luke, Darlette, LaBar, Derek, Christiansen, Theresa, Howard, Diondra, Biswas, Kousick, Harrington, Cristin, Garcia, Amanda, Bremer, Tammy, Burke, Tara, Koker, Brittany, Davis-Karim, Anne, Pittman, David, Vasudeva, Shikha S., Johnstone, Jaylynn R., Agnetti, Kate, Davis, Ruby, Trautner, Barbara, Hines-Munson, Casey, Van, John, Dillon, Laura, Wang, Yiqun, Nagy-Agren, Stephanie, Vasudeva, Shikha, Ochalek, Tracy, Caldwell, Erin, Humerickhouse, Edward, Boone, David, McGraw, William, Looney, David J., Mehta, Sanjay R., Johns, Scott Thompson, St. John, Melissa, Raceles, Jacqueline, Sear, Emily, Funk, Stephen, Cesarini, Rosa, Fang, Michelle, Nicalo, Keith, Drake, Wonder, Jones, Beatrice, Holtman, Teresa, Nguyen, Hien H., Maniar, Archana, Johnson, Eric A., Nguyen, Lam, Tran, Michelle T., Barrett, Thomas W., Johnston, Tera, Huggins, John T., Beiko, Tatsiana Y., Hughes, Heather Y., McManigle, William C., Tanner, Nichole T., Washburn, Ronald G., Ardelt, Magdalena, Tuohy, Patricia A., Mixson, Jennifer L., Hinton, Charles G., Thornley, Nicola, Allen, Heather, Elam, Shannon, Boatman, Barry, Baber, Brittany J., Ryant, Rudell, Roller, Brentin, Nguyen, Chinh, Mikail, Amani Morgan, Research, Marivic Hansen, Lichtenberger, Paola, Baracco, Gio, Ramos, Carol, Bjork, Lauren, Sueiro, Melyssa, Tien, Phyllis, Freasier, Heather, Buck, Theresa, Nekach, Hafida, Holodniy, Mark, Chary, Aarthi, Lu, Kan, Peters, Theresa, Lopez, Jessica, Tan, Susanna Yu, Lee, Robert H., Asghar, Aliya, Karyn Isip, Tasadduq Karim, Le, Katherine, Nguyen, Thao, Wong, Shinn, Raben, Dorthe, Murray, Daniel D., Jensen, Tomas O., Peters, Lars, Aagaard, Bitten, Nielsen, Charlotte B., Krapp, Katharina, Nykjær, Bente Rosdahl, Olsson, Christina, Kanne, Katja Lisa, Grevsen, Anne Louise, Joensen, Zillah Maria, Bruun, Tina, Bojesen, Ane, Woldbye, Frederik, Normand, Nick E., Esman, Frederik V.L., Benfield, Thomas, Clausen, Clara Lundetoft, Hovmand, Nichlas, Israelsen, Simone Bastrup, Iversen, Katrine, Leding, Caecilie, Pedersen, Karen Brorup, Thorlacius-Ussing, Louise, Tinggaard, Michaela, Tingsgard, Sandra, Krohn-Dehli, Louise, Pedersen, Dorthe, Villadsen, Signe, Staehr Jensen, Jens-Ulrik, Overgaard, Rikke, Rastoder, Ema, Heerfordt, Christian, Hedsund, Caroline, Ronn, Christian Phillip, Kamstrup, Peter Thobias, Hogsberg, Dorthe Sandbaek, Bergsoe, Christina, Søborg, Christian, Hissabu, Nuria M.S., Arp, Bodil C., Ostergaard, Lars, Staerke, Nina Breinholt, Yehdego, Yordanos, Sondergaard, Ane, Johansen, Isik S., Pedersen, Andreas Arnholdt, Knudtzen, Fredrikke C., Larsen, Lykke, Hertz, Mathias A., Fabricius, Thilde, Holden, Inge K., Lindvig, Susan O., Helleberg, Marie, Gerstoft, Jan, Kirk, Ole, Jensen, Tomas Ostergaard, Madsen, Birgitte Lindegaard, Pedersen, Thomas Ingemann, Harboe, Zitta Barrella, Roge, Birgit Thorup, Hansen, Thomas Michael, Glesner, Matilde Kanstrup, Lofberg, Sandra Valborg, Nielsen, Ariella Denize, Leicht von Huth, Sebastian, Nielsen, Henrik, Thisted, Rikke Krog, Petersen, Kristine Toft, Juhl, Maria Ruwald, Podlekareva, Daria, Johnsen, Stine, Andreassen, Helle Frost, Pedersen, Lars, Clara Ellinor Lindnér, Cecilia Ebba, Wiese, Lothar, Knudsen, Lene Surland, Skrøder Nytofte, Nikolaj Julian, Havmøller, Signe Ravn, Expósito, Maria, Badillo, José, Martínez, Ana, Abad, Elena, Chamorro, Ana, Figuerola, Ariadna, Mateu, Lourdes, España, Sergio, Lucero, Maria Constanza, Santos, José Ramón, Lladós, Gemma, Lopez, Cristina, Carabias, Lydia, Molina-Morant, Daniel, Loste, Cora, Bracke, Carmen, Siles, Adrian, Fernández-Cruz, Eduardo, Di Natale, Marisa, Padure, Sergiu, Gomez, Jimena, Ausin, Cristina, Cervilla, Eva, Balastegui, Héctor, Sainz, Carmen Rodríguez, Lopez, Paco, Carbone, Javier, Escobar, Mariam, Balerdi, Leire, Legarda, Almudena, Roldan, Montserrat, Letona, Laura, Muñoz, José, Camprubí, Daniel, Arribas, Jose R., Sánchez, Rocio Montejano, Díaz-Pollán, Beatriz, Stewart, Stefan Mark, Garcia, Irene, Borobia, Alberto, Mora-Rillo, Marta, Estrada, Vicente, Cabello, Noemi, Nuñez-Orantos, M.J., Sagastagoitia, I., Homen, J.R., Orviz, E., Montalvá, Adrián Sánchez, Espinosa-Pereiro, Juan, Bosch-Nicolau, Pau, Salvador, Fernando, Burgos, Joaquin, Morales-Rull, Jose Luis, Moreno Pena, Anna Maria, Acosta, Cristina, Solé-Felip, Cristina, Horcajada, Juan P., Sendra, Elena, Castañeda, Silvia, López-Montesinos, Inmaculada, Gómez-Junyent, Joan, Gonzáles, Carlota Gudiol, Cuervo, Guilermo, Pujol, Miquel, Carratalà, Jordi, Videla, Sebastià, Günthard, Huldrych, Braun, Dominique L., West, Emily, M’Rabeth-Bensalah, Khadija, Eichinger, Mareile L., Grüttner-Durmaz, Manuela, Grube, Christina, Zink, Veronika, pharmacist, Goes pharmacist, Josefine, Fätkenheuer, Gerd, Malin, Jakob J., Tsertsvadze, Tengiz, Abutidze, Akaki, Chkhartishvili, Nikoloz, Metchurtchlishvili, Revaz, Endeladze, Marina, Paciorek, Marcin, Bursa, Dominik, Krogulec, Dominika, Pulik, Piotr, Ignatowska, Anna, Horban, Andrzej, Bakowska, Elzbieta, Kowaska, Justyna, Bednarska, Agnieszka, Jurek, Natalia, Skrzat-Klapaczynska, Agata, Bienkowski, Carlo, Hackiewicz, Malgorzata, Makowiecki, Michal, Platowski, Antoni, Fishchuk, Roman, Kobrynska, Olena, Levandovska, Khrystyna, Kirieieva, Ivanna, Kuziuk, Mykhailo, Naucler, Pontus, Perlhamre, Emma, Mazouch, Lotta, Kelleher, Anthony, Polizzotto, Mark, Carey, Catherine, Chang, Christina C., Hough, Sally, Virachit, Sophie, Davidson, Sarah, Bice, Daniel J., Ognenovska, Katherine, Cabrera, Gesalit, Flynn, Ruth, Young, Barnaby E., Chia, Po Ying, Lee, Tau Hong, Lin, Ray J., Lye, David C., Ong, Sean W.X., Puah, Ser Hon, Yeo, Tsin Wen, Diong, Shiau Hui, Ongko, Juwinda, Yeo, He Ping, Eriobu, Nnakelu, Kwaghe, Vivian, Zaiyad, Habib, Idoko, Godwin, Uche, Blessing, Selvamuthu, Poongulali, Kumarasamy, Nagalingeswaran, Beulah, Faith Ester, Govindarajan, Narayan, Mariyappan, Kowsalya, Losso, Marcelo H., Abela, Cecilia, Moretto, Renzo, Belloc, Carlos G., Ludueña, Jael, Amar, Josefina, Toibaro, Javier, Macias, Laura Moreno, Fernandez, Lucia, Frare, Pablo S., Chaio, Sebastian R., Pachioli, Valeria, Timpano, Stella M., Sanchez, Marisa del Lujan, de Paz Sierra, Mariana, Stanek, Vanina, Belloso, Waldo, Cilenti, Flavia L., Valentini, Ricardo N., Stryjewski, Martin E., Locatelli, Nicolas, Soler Riera, Maria C., Salgado, Clara, Baeck, Ines M., Di Castelnuovo, Valentina, Zarza, Stella M., Hudson, Fleur, Parmar, Mahesh K.B., Goodman, Anna L., Dphil, Badrock, Jonathan, Gregory, Adam, Goodall, Katharine, Harris, Nicola, Wyncoll, James, Bhagani, S., Rodger, A., Luntiel, A., Patterson, C., Morales, J., Witele, E., Preston, A.-M., Nandani, A., Price, D.A., Hanrath, Aiden, Nell, Jeremy, Patel, Bijal, Hays, Carole, Jones, Geraldine, Davidson, Jade, Bawa, T., Mathews, M., Mazzella, A., Bisnauthsing, K., Aguilar-Jimenez, L., Borchini, F., Hammett, S., Touloumi, Giota, Pantazis, Nikos, Gioukari, Vicky, Souliou, Tania, Antoniadou, A., Protopapas, K., Kavatha, D., Grigoropoulou, S., Oikonomopoulo, C., Moschopoulos, C., Koulouris, N.G., Tzimopoulos, K., Koromilias, A., Argyraki, K., Lourida, P., Bakakos, P., Kalomenidis, I., Vlachakos, V., Barmparessou, Z., Balis, E., Zakynthinos, S., Sigala, I., Gianniou, N., Dima, E., Magkouta, S., Synolaki, E., Konstanta, S., Vlachou, M., Stathopoulou, P., Panagopoulos, P., Petrakis, V., Papazoglou, D., Tompaidou, E., Isaakidou, E., Poulakou, G., Rapti, V., Leontis, K., Nitsotolis, T., Athanasiou, K., Syrigos, K., Kyriakoulis, K., Trontzas, I., Arfara-Melanini, M., Kolonis, V., Kityo, Cissy, Mugerwa, Henry, Kiweewa, Francis, Kimuli, Ivan, Lukaakome, Joseph, Nsereko, Christoher, Lubega, Gloria, Kibirige, Moses, Nakahima, William, Wangi, Deus, Aguti, Evelyne, Generous, Lilian, Massa, Rosemary, Nalaki, Margaret, Magala, Felix, Nabaggala, Phiona Kaweesi, Kidega, Robert, Faith, Oryem Daizy, Florence, Apio, Emmanuel, Ocung, Beacham, Mugoonyi Paul, Geoffrey, Amone, Nakiboneka, Dridah, Apiyo, Paska, Kirenga, Bruce, Atukunda, Angella, Muttamba, Winters, Remmy, Kyeyume, Segawa, Ivan, Pheona, Nsubuga, Kigere, David, Mbabazi, Queen Lailah, Boersalino, Ledra, Nyakoolo, Grace, Fred, Aniongo, Alupo, Alice, Ebong, Doryn, Monday, Edson, Nalubwama, Ritah Norah, Kainja, Milton, Ambrose, Munu, Kwehayo, Vanon, Nalubega, Mary Grace, Ongoli, Augustine, Obbo, Stephen, Sebudde, Nicholus, Alaba, Jeniffer, Magombe, Geoffrey, Tino, Harriet, Obonya, Emmanuel, Lutaakome, Joseph, Kitonsa, Jonathan, Onyango, Martin, Naboth, Tukamwesiga, Naluyinda, Hadijah, Nanyunja, Regina, Irene, Muttiibwa, Jane, Biira, Wimfred, Kyobejja, Leonard, Ssemazzi, Deus, Tkiinomuhisha, Babra, Namasaba, Taire, Paul, Nabankema, Evelyn, Ogavu, Joseph, Mugerwa, Oscar, Okoth, Ivan, Mwebaze, Raymond, Mugabi, Timothy, Makhoba, Anthony, Arikiriza, Phiona, Theresa, Nabuuma, Nakayima, Hope, Frank, Kisuule, Ramgi, Patrícia, Pereira, Kássia, Osinusi, Anu, Cao, Huyen, Klekotka, Paul, Price, Karen, Nirula, Ajay, Osei, Suzette, Tipple, Craig, Wills, Angela, Peppercorn, Amanda, Watson, Helen, Gupta, Rajesh, Alexander, Elizabeth, Mogalian, Erik, Lin, Leo, Ding, Xiao, Margolis, David, Yan, Li, Girardet, Jean-Luc, Ma, Ji, Hong, Zhi, Zhu, Quing, Seegobin, Seth, Gibbs, Michael, Latchman, Mickel, Hasior, Katarzyna, Bouquet, Jerome, Wei, Jianxin, Streicher, Katie, Schmelzer, Albert, Brooks, Dennis, Butcher, Jonny, Tonev, Dimitar, Arbetter, Douglas, Damstetter, Philippe, Legenne, Philippe, Stumpp, Michael, Goncalves, Susana, Ramanathan, Krishnan, Chandra, Richa, Baseler, Beth, Teitelbaum, Marc, Schechner, Adam, Holley, H. Preston, Jankelevich, Shirley, Becker, Nancy, Dolney, Suzanne, Hissey, Debbie, Simpson, Shelly, Kim, Mi Ha, Beeler, Joy, Harmon, Liam, Asomah, Mabel, Jato, Yvonne, Stottlemyer, April, Tang, Olivia, Vanderpuye, Sharon, Yeon, Lindsey, Buehn, Molly, Eccard-Koons, Vanessa, Frary, Sadie, MacDonald, Leah, Cash, Jennifer, Hoopengardner, Lisa, Linton, Jessica, Schaffhauser, Marylu, Nelson, Michaela, Spinelli-Nadzam, Mary, Proffitt, Calvin, Lee, Christopher, Engel, Theresa, Fontaine, Laura, Osborne, C.K., Hohn, Matt, Galcik, Michael, Thompson, DeeDee, Kopka, Stacey, Shelley, Denise M., Mendez, Gregg, Brown, Shawn, Albert, Sara, Balde, Abby, Baracz, Michelle, Bielica, Mona, Billouin-Frazier, Shere, Choudary, Jay, Dixon, Mary, Eyler, Carolyn, Frye, Leanne, Gertz, Jensen, Giebeig, Lisa, Gulati, Neelam, Hankinson, Liz, Hogarty, Debi, Huber, Lynda, Krauss, Gary, Lake, Eileen, Manandhar, Meryan, Rudzinski, Erin, Sandrus, Jen, Suders, Connie, Natarajan, Ven, Rupert, Adam W., Baseler, Michael, Lynam, Danielle, Imamichi, Tom, Laverdure, Sylvain, McCormack, Ashley, Paudel, Sharada, Cook, Kyndal, Haupt, Kendra, Khan, Ayub, Hazen, Allison, Badralmaa, Yunden, Smith, Kenneth, Patel, Bhakti, Kubernac, Amanda, Kubernac, Robert, Hoover, Marie L., Solomon, Courtney, Rashid, Marium, Murphy, Joseph, Brown, Craig, DuChateau, Nadine, Ellis, Sadie, Flosi, Adam, Fox, Lisa, Johnson, Les, Nelson, Rich, Stojanovic, Jelena, Treagus, Amy, Wenner, Christine, Williams, Richard, Jensen, Tomas O, Murray, Thomas A, Grandits, Greg A, Jain, Mamta K, Shaw-Saliba, Kathryn, Matthay, Michael A, Baker, Jason V, Dewar, Robin L, Goodman, Anna L, Hatlen, Timothy J, Highbarger, Helene C, Lallemand, Perrine, Leshnower, Bradley G, Looney, David, Moschopoulos, Charalampos D, Murray, Daniel D, Mylonakis, Eleftherios, Rehman, M Tauseef, Rupert, Adam, Stevens, Randy, Turville, Stuart, Wick, Katherine, Lundgren, Jens, and Ko, Emily R

Published
2024
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20. Integrative genomic analyses in adipocytes implicate DNA methylation in human obesity and diabetes

Author

McAllan, Liam, Baranasic, Damir, Villicaña, Sergio, Brown, Scarlett, Zhang, Weihua, Lehne, Benjamin, Adamo, Marco, Jenkinson, Andrew, Elkalaawy, Mohamed, Mohammadi, Borzoueh, Hashemi, Majid, Fernandes, Nadia, Lambie, Nathalie, Williams, Richard, Christiansen, Colette, Yang, Youwen, Zudina, Liudmila, Lagou, Vasiliki, Tan, Sili, Castillo-Fernandez, Juan, King, James W. D., Soong, Richie, Elliott, Paul, Scott, James, Prokopenko, Inga, Cebola, Inês, Loh, Marie, Lenhard, Boris, Batterham, Rachel L., Bell, Jordana T., Chambers, John C., Kooner, Jaspal S., and Scott, William R.

Published
2023
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21. The problem of political credibility : epistemic realism and cautious liberalism

Author

Williams, Richard Beadon

Abstract

In this dissertation, I transform the problem of political authority into the problem of political credibility. In my terminology, credible political authorities satisfy the "confidence tenet," which requires that the public can become reasonably confident that political authorities are legitimate. So, I defend a new type of realism "epistemic realism." A conception of legitimacy should concede to the epistemic limits of reasonable citizens. It should avoid normative political principles that reasonable citizens will probably never become reasonably confident that political authorities do satisfy. In search of political credibility, I argue against "highly moralised" conceptions of legitimacy that make legitimacy depend on promoting justice in some sense. In particular, I primarily argue against the political theorist David Estlund's epistemic proceduralism. Estlund says liberal democratic states are legitimate political authorities because democratic mechanisms are fair or otherwise reasonably acceptable procedures and democratic decisions publicly reveal what promotes justice and the common good. However, I argue that epistemic proceduralism makes liberal democratic states lack credible political authority because reasonable citizens should lack confidence in whether democratic decisions do publicly reveal what promotes justice and the common good and if democratic mechanisms are fair procedures. In search of a solution, I introduce "cautious liberalism." A cautious conception of legitimacy prioritises avoiding harm over promoting justice for primarily epistemic reasons. Reasonable citizens can become reasonably confident liberal democratic states do avoid harm in some sense. In particular, a "peaceful instrumentalist" conception of legitimacy makes legitimacy depend on the preservation of a mutually beneficial peace. Liberal democratic states can become credible political authorities that reasonable citizens are reasonably confident are legitimate with peaceful instrumentalism. Reasonable citizens can publicly observe that liberal democratic states tend to make the vote remain more politically attractive than the pitchfork.

Published
2022

24. Reply to comment on 'The $\sigma$-meson: four-quark vs. two-quark components and decay width in a Bethe-Salpeter approach'

Author

Santowsky, Nico, Eichmann, Gernot, Fischer, Christian S., Wallbott, Paul C., and Williams, Richard

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

In a recent comment [1] Blankleider and Kvinikhidze claim that our work [2] is based on a set of inconsistent Bethe-Salpeter equations for the coupling of four-quark to two-quark states. Here we demonstrate that their argument is insubstantial., Comment: 3 pages, 1 figure

Published
2021

25. The $\sigma$-meson: four-quark vs. two-quark components and decay width in a Bethe-Salpeter approach

Author

Santowsky, Nico, Eichmann, Gernot, Fischer, Christian S., Wallbott, Paul C., and Williams, Richard

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We study the dynamical generation of resonances in isospin singlet channels with mixing between two- and four-quark states. To this end we generalise a Bethe-Salpeter approach to four-quark states employed previously \cite{Heupel:2012ua} to accommodate for mixing diagrams. The $q\bar{q}q\bar{q}$ and $q\bar{q}$ components of the Bethe-Salpeter wave function (with light quarks $q\in\{u,d\}$) are determined consistently in a symmetry-preserving truncation of the underlying Dyson-Schwinger equations. As a prominent example we deal with the isospin-singlet $0^{++}$ meson with light quark content. We find that the $\pi\pi$ contribution of the four-quark component is mainly responsible for the low (real part of the) mass of the resulting state. We also study the analytic structure in the complex momentum plane and find a branch cut at the two-pion threshold and a singularity in the second Riemann sheet indicating a considerable decay width. Our findings are in excellent qualitative agreement with the general picture for the $\sigma/f_0(500)$ that emerged in the past two decades from dispersive approaches \cite{Pelaez:2015qba}., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, v2: minor changes, version accepted by PRD

Published
2020
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26. An Evaluation of Percentile Measures of Citation Impact, and a Proposal for Making Them Better

Author

Bornmann, Lutz and Williams, Richard

Subjects
Computer Science - Digital Libraries
Abstract

Percentiles are statistics pointing to the standing of a paper's citation impact relative to other papers in a given citation distribution. Percentile Ranks (PRs) often play an important role in evaluating the impact of scholars, institutions, and lines of study. Because PRs are so important for the assessment of scholarly impact, and because citation practices differ greatly across time and fields, various percentile approaches have been proposed to time- and field-normalize citations. Unfortunately, current popular methods often face significant problems in time- and field-normalization, including when papers are assigned to multiple fields or have been published by more than one unit (e.g., researchers or countries). They also face problems for estimating citation counts (CCs) for pre-defined PRs (e.g., the 90th PR). We offer a series of guidelines and procedures that, we argue, address these problems and others and provide a superior means to make the use of percentile methods more accurate and informative. In particular, we introduce two approaches, CP-IN and CP-EX, that should be preferred in bibliometric studies because they consider the complete citation distribution. Both approaches are based on cumulative frequencies in percentages (CPs). The paper further shows how bar graphs and beamplots can present PRs in a more meaningful and accurate manner.

Published
2020

28. Developing open source tools and support materials to measure geographical accessibility to screening and cancer support services

Author

Williams, Richard Christopher, Higgs, Gary, and Langford, Mitchel

Abstract

Computing software tools such as Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have advanced the ability to measure accessibility to healthcare facilities. There are multiple methods which have been proposed in academic institutions but are often not applied in practice. The aim of this PhD is to create free and open-source (FOSS) accessibility tools which can be utilised by non-experts in the field and provide meaningful insights into the provision of cancer services in Wales. The objectives of the project are to investigate the use of accessibility methods within healthcare with a particular focus on chemotherapy and cancer services, to provide real insight into current levels of accessibility to cancer services, to use case studies to propose alternative locations and to perform user studies to provide a tool which is proven to be fit for purpose. Multiple strategies have been used to gain access to data sets which have been used as supply, demand and network characteristics. Software solutions were investigated to establish an understanding of the current FOSS GIS available. A case study showed potential locations for additional chemotherapy resources. Modelling scenarios were implemented to investigate the effects of scale on the adopted solution in order to visualise the impacts on patterns of accessibility to inform a cost:benefit decision on planning cancer services. Results showed multiple routes for implementation with strengths and limitations associated with each potential solution. Case studies showed that there were multiple locations which could be proposed to improve access to chemotherapy, and that a small amount of resource in key areas could have a large impact on the accessibility scores of the region. A user study was conducted with members of the Tenovus team, and this provided a real insight into how a non-expert may use these types of systems, and assisted in creating user-friendly tools to implement these models. The study presents a software solution which offers non-GIS experts advanced accessibility methods with which to plan the location of cancer services. The system developed has the potential to change the way in which treatment is provided by allowing non-experts to calculate and visualise current and potential accessibility maps using several advanced methods. The project has investigated the impact of changes in scale, precision (network data, algorithm) and methods (variants based of floating catchment area (FCA) methods) using FOSS GIS and their networking capabilities. This tool has the potential to be used by many organisations who need to plan the provision of services in relation to changes in potential demand.

Published
2021

29. Applying software engineering principles to electronic health records in order to improve research and generate patient-specific actionable information

Author

Williams, Richard and Peek, Niels

Subjects
610.285, Electronic Health Records, Software Engineering, Electronic Audit and Feedback, Clinical Coding, Observational Research
Abstract

Healthcare services increasingly collect data about their patients in electronic health records (EHRs). These data are also increasingly available for secondary uses, which include, but are not limited to: researchers using the data to perform retrospective observational studies or to recruit to randomised clinical trials; clinicians improving their performance with actionable information from clinical decision support or audit and feedback systems; and national bodies assessing and comparing the quality of care provided across a range of healthcare providers. The potential benefits of these secondary uses are great, but there is a problem. The data are collected with the primary purpose of direct patient care and therefore caution must be exercised in interpreting, extracting and transforming the data into the form required for the secondary uses. The methods that are used to extract and transform EHR data are of the utmost importance to the subsequent uses; however, they receive much less attention than other aspects of study methodology (such as the statistical analysis) and are chronically underreported in the literature. Without proper reporting and scrutiny of these methods, it is impossible to determine if mistakes or incorrect assumptions have affected the validity of the results. Therefore, confidence in the results is reduced and the impact of the research is diminished. The viewpoint presented in this thesis is that preparing EHR data for secondary uses is a form of software engineering and therefore should comply with software engineering principles. The objective of the thesis is to present a comprehensive collection of methods and tools, developed in accordance with the best software engineering principles, that bridge the gap between EHR data and secondary uses. These methods include the construction of clinical code sets, the extraction of clinical events from an EHR, and the analysis of sequences of clinical events. In particular, we focus on the use of these methods for observational studies using primary care EHR data, and actionable information as delivered via decision support systems. However many of the methods apply to the full range of secondary uses. We need robust, open and transparent methodologies, in order to increase the confidence in results from research using EHR data. Only then, can we achieve a much-needed acceleration in healthcare research, and realise the benefits of reproducible, patient-specific, actionable information.

Published
2021

30. Altered toxicological endpoints in humans from common quaternary ammonium compound disinfectant exposure

Author

Hrubec, Terry C, Seguin, Ryan P, Xu, Libin, Cortopassi, Gino A, Datta, Sandipan, Hanlon, Alexandra L, Lozano, Alicia J, McDonald, Valerie A, Healy, Claire A, Anderson, Tyler C, Musse, Najaha A, and Williams, Richard T

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Pollution and Contamination, Clinical Research, Prevention, Cardiovascular, Generic health relevance, Good Health and Well Being, Quaternary ammonium compounds, Environmental toxicology, Inflammation, Mitochondrial function, Lipid metabolism, 7-DHC, 7-Dehydrocholesterol, 7-DHD, 7-Dehydrodesmosterol, 8-DHC, 8-Dehydrocholesterol, ADBAC, alkyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride, ANOVA, analysis of variance, BAC, benzalkonium chloride, CRP, C-reactive protein, DDAC, didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride, FCCP, trifluoromethoxy carbonylcyanide phenylhydrazone, IL-10, interleukin 10, IL-12, interleukin 12, IL-6, interleukin 6, IRB, Institutional Review Board, LC, liquid chromatography, LOD, level of detection, LOQ, level of quantification, LPS, lipopolysaccharide, NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa beta, NOEL, no effect level, OCR, oxygen consumption rate, OEL, occupational exposure limit, QAC, quaternary ammonium compounds, TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha, Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry, Other Chemical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Medical biotechnology, Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences, Ecological applications
Abstract

Humans are frequently exposed to Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs). QACs are ubiquitously used in medical settings, restaurants, and homes as cleaners and disinfectants. Despite their prevalence, nothing is known about the health effects associated with chronic low-level exposure. Chronic QAC toxicity, only recently identified in mice, resulted in developmental, reproductive, and immune dysfunction. Cell based studies indicate increased inflammation, decreased mitochondrial function, and disruption of cholesterol synthesis. If these findings translate to human toxicity, multiple physiological processes could be affected. This study tested whether QAC concentrations could be detected in the blood of 43 human volunteers, and whether QAC concentrations influenced markers of inflammation, mitochondrial function, and cholesterol synthesis. QAC concentrations were detected in 80 % of study participants. Blood QACs were associated with increase in inflammatory cytokines, decreased mitochondrial function, and disruption of cholesterol homeostasis in a dose dependent manner. This is the first study to measure QACs in human blood, and also the first to demonstrate statistically significant relationships between blood QAC and meaningful health related biomarkers. Additionally, the results are timely in light of the increased QAC disinfectant exposure occurring due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.Main findingsThis study found that 80 % of study participants contained QACs in their blood; and that markers of inflammation, mitochondrial function, and sterol homeostasis varied with blood QAC concentration.

Published
2021

33. Kaon-box contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon

Author

Eichmann, Gernot, Fischer, Christian S., and Williams, Richard

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract

We present results for the charged kaon-box contributions to the hadronic light-by-light (HLBL) correction of the muon's anomalous magnetic moment. To this end we determine the kaon electromagnetic form factor within the functional approach to QCD using Dyson-Schwinger and Bethe-Salpeter equations and evaluate the kaon-box contribution as defined in the dispersive approach to HLBL. As an update to previous work we also re-evaluate the charged pion-box contribution taking effects due to isospin breaking into account. Our results are $a_\mu^{\pi^\pm-\text{box}} = -15.7 \,(2)(3) \times 10^{-11}$ and $a_\mu^{K^\pm-\text{box}} = -0.48 \,(2)(4) \times 10^{-11}$ thus confirming the large suppression of box contributions beyond the leading pion box., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures; v3: improved numerics, updated number for kaon-box, conclusions unchanged. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1903.10844

Published
2019
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35. Single pseudoscalar meson pole and pion box contributions to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon

Author

Eichmann, Gernot, Fischer, Christian S., Weil, Esther, and Williams, Richard

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract

We present results for single pseudoscalar meson pole contributions and pion box contributions to the hadronic light-by-light (LBL) correction of the muon's anomalous magnetic moment. We follow the recently developed dispersive approach to LBL, where these contributions are evaluated with intermediate mesons on-shell. However, the space-like electromagnetic and transition form factors are not determined from analytic continuation of time-like data, but directly calculated within the functional approach to QCD using Dyson-Schwinger and Bethe-Salpeter equations. This strategy allows for a systematic comparison with a strictly dispersive treatment and also with recent results from lattice QCD. Within error bars, we obtain excellent agreement for the pion electromagnetic and transition form factor and the resulting contributions to LBL. In addition, we present results for the $\eta$ and $\eta'$ pole contributions and discuss the dynamical effects in the $\eta-\eta'$ mixing due to the strange quarks. Our result for the total pseudoscalar pole contributions is $a_\mu^{\text{PS-pole}} = 91.6 \,(1.9) \times 10^{-11}$ and for the pion-box contribution we obtain $a_\mu^{\pi-\text{box}} = -16.3 \,(2)(4) \times 10^{-11}$., Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures; v2: minor changes, diagram added, improved value for pion-box; version published in PLB

Published
2019
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38. The Low-Radioactivity Underground Argon Workshop: A workshop synopsis

Author

Alexander, Thomas, Back, Henning O., Bonivento, Walter, Boulay, Mark, Collon, Philippe, Feng, Zhongyi, Foxe, Michael, Abia, Pablo García, Giampa, Pietro, Jackson, Christopher, Johnson, Christine, Mace, Emily, Mueller, Peter, Palcsu, László, Pettus, Walter, Purtschert, Roland, Renshaw, Andrew, Saldanha, Richard, Scholberg, Kate, Simeone, Marino, Šrámek, Ondřej, Tayloe, Rex, TeGrotenhuis, Ward, White, Signe, and Williams, Richard

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

In response to the growing need for low-radioactivity argon, community experts and interested parties came together for a 2-day workshop to discuss the worldwide low-radioactivity argon needs and the challenges associated with its production and characterization. Several topics were covered: experimental needs and requirements for low-radioactivity argon, the sources of low-radioactivity argon and its production, how long-lived argon radionuclides are created in nature, measuring argon radionuclides, and other applicable topics. The Low-Radioactivity Underground Argon (LRUA) workshop took place on March 19-20, 2018 at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland Washington, USA. This paper is a synopsis of the workshop with the associated abstracts from the talks., Comment: Low-Radioactivity Underground Argon Workshop, Richland, WA. March 19-20, 2018

Published
2019

39. Carbon–concentration and carbon–climate feedbacks in CMIP6 models and their comparison to CMIP5 models

Author

Arora, Vivek K, Katavouta, Anna, Williams, Richard G, Jones, Chris D, Brovkin, Victor, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Schwinger, Jörg, Bopp, Laurent, Boucher, Olivier, Cadule, Patricia, Chamberlain, Matthew A, Christian, James R, Delire, Christine, Fisher, Rosie A, Hajima, Tomohiro, Ilyina, Tatiana, Joetzjer, Emilie, Kawamiya, Michio, Koven, Charles D, Krasting, John P, Law, Rachel M, Lawrence, David M, Lenton, Andrew, Lindsay, Keith, Pongratz, Julia, Raddatz, Thomas, Séférian, Roland, Tachiiri, Kaoru, Tjiputra, Jerry F, Wiltshire, Andy, Wu, Tongwen, and Ziehn, Tilo

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Oceanography, Atmospheric Sciences, Climate Action, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Ecology, Physical geography and environmental geoscience, Environmental management
Abstract

Results from the fully and biogeochemically coupled simulations in which CO2 increases at a rate of 1%yr-1 (1pctCO2) from its preindustrial value are analyzed to quantify the magnitude of carbon-concentration and carbon-climate feedback parameters which measure the response of ocean and terrestrial carbon pools to changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration and the resulting change in global climate, respectively. The results are based on 11 comprehensive Earth system models from the most recent uncertain over land than over ocean as has been seen in existing studies. These values and their spread from 11 CMIP6 models have not changed significantly compared to CMIP5 models. The absolute values of feedback parameters are lower for land with models that include a representation of nitrogen cycle. The transient climate response to cumulative emissions (TCRE) from the 11 CMIP6 models considered here is 1.77±0.37 ° C EgC-1 and is similar to that found in CMIP5 models (1.63±0.48 °C EgC-1) but with somewhat reduced model spread. The expressions for feedback parameters based on the fully and biogeochemically coupled configurations of the 1pctCO2 simulation are simplified when the small temperature change in the biogeochemically coupled simulation is ignored. Decomposition of the terms of these simplified expressions for the feedback parameters is used to gain insight into the reasons for differing responses among ocean and land carbon cycle models.

Published
2020

40. Coming Home

Author

Williams, Richard

Abstract

This music score was submitted for the Kaleidoscope 2020 Call for Scores, an open access collaboration with the UCLA Music Library.

Published
2020

41. Evaluating socioeconomic inequalities in influenza vaccine uptake during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cohort study in Greater Manchester, England

Author

Watkinson, Ruth Elizabeth, Williams, Richard, Gillibrand, Stephanie, Munford, Luke, and Sutton, Matt

Subjects
Vaccination -- Health aspects -- Analysis, Medical research -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Medicine, Experimental -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Medical records -- Health aspects -- Analysis, Health care industry -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Elementary school students -- Health aspects -- Analysis, Influenza -- Health aspects -- Analysis, Vaccines -- Health aspects -- Analysis, Coronaviruses -- Health aspects -- Analysis, Health care industry, Biological sciences
Abstract

Background There are known socioeconomic inequalities in annual seasonal influenza (flu) vaccine uptake. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was associated with multiple factors that may have affected flu vaccine uptake, including widespread disruption to healthcare services, changes to flu vaccination eligibility and delivery, and increased public awareness and debate about vaccination due to high-profile COVID-19 vaccination campaigns. However, to the best of our knowledge, no existing studies have investigated the consequences for inequalities in flu vaccine uptake, so we aimed to investigate whether socioeconomic inequalities in flu vaccine uptake have widened since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods and findings We used deidentified data from electronic health records for a large city region (Greater Manchester, population 2.8 million), focusing on 3 age groups eligible for National Health Service (NHS) flu vaccination: preschool children (age 2 to 3 years), primary school children (age 4 to 9 years), and older adults (age 65 years plus). The sample population varied between 418,790 (2015/16) and 758,483 (2021/22) across each vaccination season. We estimated age-adjusted neighbourhood-level income deprivation-related inequalities in flu vaccine uptake using Cox proportional hazards models and the slope index of inequality (SII), comparing 7 flu vaccination seasons (2015/16 to 2021/22). Among older adults, the SII (i.e., the gap in uptake between the least and most income-deprived areas) doubled over the 7 seasons from 8.48 (95% CI [7.91,9.04]) percentage points to 16.91 (95% CI [16.46,17.36]) percentage points, with approximately 80% of this increase occurring during the pandemic. Before the pandemic, income-related uptake gaps were wider among children, ranging from 15.59 (95% CI [14.52,16.67]) percentage points to 20.07 (95% CI [18.94,21.20]) percentage points across age groups and vaccination seasons. Among preschool children, the uptake gap increased in 2020/21 to 25.25 (95% CI [24.04,26.45]) percentage points, before decreasing to 20.86 (95% CI [19.65,22.05]) percentage points in 2021/22. Among primary school children, inequalities increased in both pandemic years to reach 30.27 (95% CI [29.58,30.95]) percentage points in 2021/22. Although vaccine uptake increased during the pandemic, disproportionately larger increases in uptake in less deprived areas created wider inequalities in all age groups. The main limitation of our approach is the use of a local dataset, which may limit generalisability to other geographical settings. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic led to increased inequalities in flu vaccine uptake, likely due to changes in demand for vaccination, new delivery models, and disruptions to healthcare and schooling. It will be important to investigate the causes of these increased inequalities and to examine whether these increased inequalities also occurred in the uptake of other routine vaccinations. These new wider inequalities in flu vaccine uptake may exacerbate inequalities in flu-related morbidity and mortality., Author(s): Ruth Elizabeth Watkinson 1,*, Richard Williams 2, Stephanie Gillibrand 1, Luke Munford 1, Matt Sutton 1 Introduction Seasonal influenza (flu) infection is associated with high demand for primary care [...]

Published
2023
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42. West Nile Virus Seroprevalence in Wild Birds and Equines in Madrid Province, Spain

Author

Williams, Richard A. J., primary, Criollo Valencia, Hillary A., additional, López Márquez, Irene, additional, González González, Fernando, additional, Llorente, Francisco, additional, Jiménez-Clavero, Miguel Ángel, additional, Busquets, Núria, additional, Mateo Barrientos, Marta, additional, Ortiz-Díez, Gustavo, additional, and Ayllón Santiago, Tania, additional

Published
2024
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43. On the quark-gluon vertex at non-vanishing temperature

Author

Contant, Romain, Huber, Markus Q., Fischer, Christian S., Welzbacher, Christian A., and Williams, Richard

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We perform a semi-perturbative calculation of the quark-gluon vertex inspired from the three-loop expanded 3PI effective action and investigate the relative strengths of the chirally symmetric/broken tensor structures below and above the crossover., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, submitted to proceedings of Excited QCD 2018, 11-15 March 2018, Kopaonik, Serbia

Published
2018

44. Vector mesons as dynamical resonances in the Bethe-Salpeter framework

Author

Williams, Richard

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Lattice, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We present the first dynamical calculation of the $\rho$-meson as a resonance in the Dyson-Schwinger/Bethe-Salpeter framework by including explicit two-pion exchange in addition to the t-channel one-gluon exchange of rainbow-ladder in the interaction kernel. The width is determined from the imaginary part of the resonance pole and is generated by the singularity structure of the integrand, treated by means of suitable path deformations. We find the resonant mass and width to be $640$ MeV and $100$ MeV respectively, corresponding to a coupling constant $g_{\rho\pi\pi}=5.7$; repulsive corrections beyond rainbow-ladder are known to bring these in alignment with experiment. Furthermore we present the dependence of these parameters on the pion mass and compare with results from lattice QCD., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

Published
2018
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45. Ecogeographical rules and the macroecology of food webs

Author

Baiser, Benjamin, Gravel, Dominique, Cirtwill, Alyssa R, Dunne, Jennifer A, Fahimipour, Ashkaan K, Gilarranz, Luis J, Grochow, Joshua A, Li, Daijiang, Martinez, Neo D, McGrew, Alicia, Poisot, Timothée, Romanuk, Tamara N, Stouffer, Daniel B, Trotta, Lauren B, Valdovinos, Fernanda S, Williams, Richard J, Wood, Spencer A, and Yeakel, Justin D

Subjects
Bergmann's rule, ecogeographical rules, ecological networks, food webs, island rule, latitudinal diversity gradient, macroecology, Rapoport's rule, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Ecological Applications, Ecology
Abstract

Aim: How do factors such as space, time, climate and other ecological drivers influence food web structure and dynamics? Collections of well-studied food webs and replicate food webs from the same system that span biogeographical and ecological gradients now enable detailed, quantitative investigation of such questions and help integrate food web ecology and macroecology. Here, we integrate macroecology and food web ecology by focusing on how ecogeographical rules [the latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG), Bergmann's rule, the island rule and Rapoport's rule] are associated with the architecture of food webs. Location: Global. Time period: Current. Major taxa studied: All taxa. Methods: We discuss the implications of each ecogeographical rule for food webs, present predictions for how food web structure will vary with each rule, assess empirical support where available, and discuss how food webs may influence ecogeographical rules. Finally, we recommend systems and approaches for further advancing this research agenda. Results: We derived testable predictions for some ecogeographical rules (e.g. LDG, Rapoport's rule), while for others (e.g., Bergmann's and island rules) it is less clear how we would expect food webs to change over macroecological scales. Based on the LDG, we found weak support for both positive and negative relationships between food chain length and latitude and for increased generality and linkage density at higher latitudes. Based on Rapoport's rule, we found support for the prediction that species turnover in food webs is inversely related to latitude. Main conclusions: The macroecology of food webs goes beyond traditional approaches to biodiversity at macroecological scales by focusing on trophic interactions among species. The collection of food web data for different types of ecosystems across biogeographical gradients is key to advance this research agenda. Further, considering food web interactions as a selection pressure that drives or disrupts ecogeographical rules has the potential to address both mechanisms of and deviations from these macroecological relationships. For these reasons, further integration of macroecology and food webs will help ecologists better understand the assembly, maintenance and change of ecosystems across space and time.

Published
2019

49. COVID-19 trajectories among 57 million adults in England: a cohort study using electronic health records

Author

Abbasizanjani, Hoda, Ahmed, Nida, Ahmed, Badar, Akbari, Ashley, Akinoso-Imran, Abdul Qadr, Allara, Elias, Allery, Freya, Angelantonio, Emanuele Di, Ashworth, Mark, Ayyar-Gupta, Vandana, Babu-Narayan, Sonya, Bacon, Seb, Ball, Steve, Banerjee, Ami, Barber, Mark, Barrett, Jessica, Bennie, Marion, Berry, Colin, Beveridge, Jennifer, Birney, Ewan, Bojanić, Lana, Bolton, Thomas, Bone, Anna, Boyle, Jon, Braithwaite, Tasanee, Bray, Ben, Briffa, Norman, Brind, David, Brown, Katherine, Buch, Maya, Canoy, Dexter, Caputo, Massimo, Carragher, Raymond, Carson, Alan, Cezard, Genevieve, Chang, Jen-Yu Amy, Cheema, Kate, Chin, Richard, Chudasama, Yogini, Cooper, Jennifer, Copland, Emma, Crallan, Rebecca, Cripps, Rachel, Cromwell, David, Curcin, Vasa, Curry, Gwenetta, Dale, Caroline, Danesh, John, Das-Munshi, Jayati, Dashtban, Ashkan, Davies, Alun, Davies, Joanna, Davies, Gareth, Davies, Neil, Day, Joshua, Delmestri, Antonella, Denaxas, Spiros, Denholm, Rachel, Dennis, John, Denniston, Alastair, Deo, Salil, Dhillon, Baljean, Docherty, Annemarie, Dong, Tim, Douiri, Abdel, Downs, Johnny, Dregan, Alexandru, Ellins, Elizabeth A, Elwenspoek, Martha, Falck, Fabian, Falter, Florian, Fan, Yat Yi, Firth, Joseph, Fraser, Lorna, Friebel, Rocco, Gavrieli, Amir, Gerstung, Moritz, Gilbert, Ruth, Gillies, Clare, Glickman, Myer, Goldacre, Ben, Goldacre, Raph, Greaves, Felix, Green, Mark, Grieco, Luca, Griffiths, Rowena, Gurdasani, Deepti, Halcox, Julian, Hall, Nick, Hama, Tuankasfee, Handy, Alex, Hansell, Anna, Hardelid, Pia, Hardy, Flavien, Harris, Daniel, Harrison, Camille, Harron, Katie, Hassaine, Abdelaali, Hassan, Lamiece, Healey, Russell, Hemingway, Harry, Henderson, Angela, Herz, Naomi, Heyl, Johannes, Hidajat, Mira, Higginson, Irene, Hinchliffe, Rosie, Hippisley-Cox, Julia, Ho, Frederick, Hocaoglu, Mevhibe, Hollings, Sam, Horne, Elsie, Hughes, David, Humberstone, Ben, Inouye, Mike, Ip, Samantha, Islam, Nazrul, Jackson, Caroline, Jenkins, David, Jiang, Xiyun, Johnson, Shane, Kadam, Umesh, Kallis, Costas, Karim, Zainab, Kasan, Jake, Katsoulis, Michalis, Kavanagh, Kim, Kee, Frank, Keene, Spencer, Kent, Seamus, Khalid, Sara, Khawaja, Anthony, Khunti, Kamlesh, Killick, Richard, Kinnear, Deborah, Knight, Rochelle, Kolamunnage-Dona, Ruwanthi, Kontopantelis, Evan, Kurdi, Amanj, Lacey, Ben, Lai, Alvina, Lambarth, Andrew, Larzjan, Milad Nazarzadeh, Lawler, Deborah, Lawrence, Thomas, Lawson, Claire, Li, Qiuju, Li, Ken, Llinares, Miguel Bernabeu, Lorgelly, Paula, Lowe, Deborah, Lyons, Jane, Lyons, Ronan, Machado, Pedro, Macleod, Mary Joan, Macleod, John, Malgapo, Evaleen, Mamas, Mamas, Mamouei, Mohammad, Manohar, Sinduja, Mapeta, Rutendo, Martelli, Javiera Leniz, Martos, David Moreno, Mateen, Bilal, McCarthy, Aoife, Melville, Craig, Milton, Rebecca, Mizani, Mehrdad, Moncusi, Marta Pineda, Morales, Daniel, Mordi, Ify, Morrice, Lynn, Morris, Carole, Morris, Eva, Mu, Yi, Mueller, Tanja, Murdock, Lars, Nafilyan, Vahé, Nicholson, George, Nikiphorou, Elena, Nolan, John, Norris, Tom, Norris, Ruth, North, Laura, North, Teri-Louise, O'Connell, Dan, Oliver, Dominic, Oluyase, Adejoke, Olvera-Barrios, Abraham, Omigie, Efosa, Onida, Sarah, Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Palmer, Tom, Pasea, Laura, Patel, Riyaz, Payne, Rupert, Pell, Jill, Petitjean, Carmen, Pherwani, Arun, Pickrell, Owen, Pierotti, Livia, Pirmohamed, Munir, Priedon, Rouven, Prieto-Alhambra, Dani, Proudfoot, Alastair, Quinn, Terry, Quint, Jennifer, Raffetti, Elena, Rahimi, Kazem, Rao, Shishir, Razieh, Cameron, Roberts, Brian, Rogers, Caroline, Rossdale, Jennifer, Salim, Safa, Samani, Nilesh, Sattar, Naveed, Schnier, Christian, Schwartz, Roy, Selby, David, Seminog, Olena, Shabnam, Sharmin, Shah, Ajay, Shelton, Jon, Sheppard, James, Sinha, Shubhra, Skrypak, Mirek, Slapkova, Martina, Sleeman, Katherine, Smith, Craig, Sofat, Reecha, Sosenko, Filip, Sperrin, Matthew, Steeg, Sarah, Sterne, Jonathan, Stoica, Serban, Sudell, Maria, Sudlow, Cathie, Sun, Luanluan, Suseeladevi, Arun Karthikeyan, Sweeting, Michael, Sydes, Matt, Takhar, Rohan, Tang, Howard, Thygesen, Johan, Tilston, George, Tochel, Claire, Toit, Clea du, Tomlinson, Christopher, Toms, Renin, Torabi, Fatemeh, Torralbo, Ana, Townson, Julia, Tufail, Adnan, Tungamirai, Tapiwa, Varma, Susheel, Vollmer, Sebastian, Walker, Venexia, Wang, Tianxiao, Wang, Huan, Warwick, Alasdair, Watkinson, Ruth, Watson, Harry, Whiteley, William, Whittaker, Hannah, Wilde, Harry, Wilkinson, Tim, Williams, Gareth, Williams, Michelle, Williams, Richard, Withnell, Eloise, Wolfe, Charles, Wood, Angela, Wright, Lucy, Wu, Honghan, Wu, Jinge, Wu, Jianhua, Yates, Tom, Zaccardi, Francesco, Zhang, Haoting, Zhang, Huayu, Zuccolo, Luisa, Thygesen, Johan H, Mizani, Mehrdad A, Banerjee, Amitava, Lai, Alvina G, Li, Kezhi, Mateen, Bilal A, Sterne, Jonathan A C, Pagel, Christina, and Whiteley, William N

Published
2022
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