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This study examines the application of the concept developed in the last decade, namely the Ecosystem Approach to Aquaculture (EAA). This approach balances social goals with human state and their interactions with ecosystem. The EAA is a strategy for integrating activities within the wider ecosystem in such a way that it promotes sustainable development, equity, and resilience of interlinked social and ecological systems. Case studies in three locations, namely Pinrang, Aceh Besar and South Lampung, were conducted to draw lessons in order to formulate a general framework for wider application in this country. The potential application of the concept was examined based on the following aspects: (i) ecosystem sustainability, (ii) justice welfare, and (iii) good governance. Data were collected through surveys guided with previously designed questionnaires, invlolving 179 respondents selected purposively from exixting shrimp cultivator. Data were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using the Stata software. Results showed that there was a difference between weights determined in the technical guidelines and those resulting from PCA, which was indicated by various existing conditions in research location. This is a significant finding that is relevant in in developing EAA in Indonesia.

Objective: Cervical cancer is a malignancy originating from the cervix and often caused by oncogenic Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), specifically subtypes 16 and 18. Anticancer drugs are chemotherapeutic compounds used for cancer treatment. Therefore, this research aims to synthesize and characterize Zinc (II) dichloroethylenediamine (Zn(en)Cl2) complex, as well as determine its antiproliferative activity against HeLa cells. The Zn(en)Cl2 complex was successfully synthesized, and the antiproliferative activity was tested., Methods: The synthesis involved reacting ethylenediamine and KCl with Zn metal. The complex formed was characterized using a conductometer, UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, and XRD, while the activity was measured against HeLa cells., Result: The synthesis yielded a 56.12% conversion with a melting point of 198-200 oC and a conductivity value of 2.02 mS/cm. The Zn(en)Cl2 complex showed potential activity against HeLa cells with an IC50 value of 898.35 µg/mL, which was evidenced by changes in the morphological structure of HeLa cells. Its interaction with DNA targets was investigated by employing molecular docking., Conclusion: The observed data indicated that the Zn(en)Cl2 complex bound to DNA at the nitrogenous base Guanine (DG) by coordinate covalent bonds. Interestingly, DG maintained interaction with the complex until the end of the docking simulation. Additionally, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was conducted, and the results showed that Zn(en)Cl2 remained bound to the DNA binding pocket all through the process.

Background: This study was carried out to synthesize a new complex of Fe(II) with isoleucine dithiocarbamate ligand and to determine its potential as an anticancer and antiviral agent for SARSCOV-2., Methods: The synthesized complexes were then characterized by UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy and their melting points. The value of the conductivity of the complex compound is also determined. Anti-cancer activity was tested in vitro and molecular docking. Its potential as an antiviral against SARSCOV-2 was also carried out by molecular docking. Pharmacokinetics/ADMET properties were also carried out on the complex., Result: Spectral results showed the successful synthesis of Fe(II) isoleucine dithiocarbamate complex. The complex produced UV-vis spectra at 268 and 575 nm, and the IR data at 399-599 cm-1 showed the coordination between the Fe(II) atoms with sulphur, nitrogen and oxygen of the isoleucine dithiocarbamate ligand. Fe(II) isoleucine dithiocarbamate had a cytotoxicity effect on the MCF-7 cell line (IC50 =613 µg/mL). The complex significantly caused morphological changes in the breast cancer cell line, finally leading to cell apoptosis., Conclusion: Cytotoxic test of Fe(II) isoleucine dithiocarbamate showed moderate anticancer activity on MCF-7 cancer cells and showed antiviral activity against SARSCOV-2 by interfering with spike glycoprotein -ACE2 receptors, and inhibiting major proteases and 3Clpro.