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Purpose: This research is intended to analyse outsourcing implementation in the banking industry, specifically whether banks have fulfilled obligations as required by the regulations, specifically on outsource workers" rights. Methodology: This research uses combined approaches, quantitative and qualitative methods (Mixed Method), and using a sequential explanatory strategy. Respondents are; 351 outsourcing workers of 6 different bank categories in Indonesia (2 state owned banks, 2 private owned banks, and 2 foreign banks), union committee members, human resources senior managers, senior officers of Indonesia Financial Services Authority, Indonesia Chamber of Commerce, and Coordinating Ministry of Human Development and Cultural Affairs. Research Findings: the research has resulted in providing proof that three bank categories have already implement workers" rights as required by the relevant labor regulations. Banks providing business and soft skill related training for workers, and to prioritize outsource workers to be banks" permanent worker. On the compliance aspects, regulators require banks to comply and implement regulations and policies as required

This paper examines the dynamics of trade specialization in the MENA region and countries for the period 2000 and 2010. An econometric model, Wald test, and the Spearman’s rank correlation are applied. By both, industry and country group classifications analysis, all countries in the MENA region have shown de-specialization with different speed, where Qatar has the fastest speed and Tunisia has slowest speed.

This paper aims to examine shifts in the level of comparative advantage in China and India for the period 1988-2003. Products are defined in the 3-digit level of the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) Revision 2. This paper applies Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantages (RSCA) index, Trade Balance Index (TBI), an econometric model and the Spearmanʼs rank correlation. Some conclusions are withdrawn. First,China and India had biggest changes in their comparative advantages in the periods 1988-1993 and 1998-2003,respectively. Second, China and India showed despecialization. The change in comparative advantage of China was more dynamic than that of India. Third, in term of the patterns of comparative advantage, India is a follower (if it is not called as a ʻcompetitorʼ) of China.

Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) merupakan isu sentral dalam Industrial-Organization (IO). Analisis SCP biasanya menggunakan pendekatan parsial dan liniersederhana, Structure mempengaruhi Conduct dan Performance. Dalam dunia nyata,Structure, Conduct dan Performance memiliki hubungan yang terkait satu dengan yanglain (interaktif). Paper ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis model SCP interaktif untukmenganalis SCP industri manufaktur Indonesia dan mengaplikasikan model ekonometrikpersamaan simultan. Paper ini berkesimpulan bahwa konsentrasi tidak dapat dijadikanvariabel eksogen untuk perilaku perusahaan-perusahaan (conduct) dan kinerja pasar(performance) seperti dalam paradigma SCP.Keywords: Structure-Conduct-Performance; Industrial Organization; Interactive Model.

Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index by Balassa (1965) is intensively applied in empirical studies on countries’ comparative advantage or trade specialization.Asymmetric problem in the criteria of RCA index encourages Dalum et al. (1998) and Laursen (1998) to make Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) index. Thesetwo indexes are commonly employed in econometric models for analyzing countries’ trade specialization. This paper aims to compare theoretically and empirically the twocompeting econometric models, one using RCA and the other using RSCA. The ASEAN countries’ comparative advantages are presented for the empirical case studies. Thispaper concludes that RSCA can, to some extent, reduce the “outlier problem” of RCA in the econometric model; therefore, the model using RSCA can be more statistically reliablethan the model using RCA. The two econometric models might not be suitable for forecasting purposes since the estimated values could theoretically violate their criteria ofcomparative advantage and disadvantage. In the cases of ASEAN countries, we find empirically that the model using RSCA is statistically more reliable than the one usingRCA. The ASEAN countries have exhibited de-specialization.JEL classification: F10, F14, F17Keywords: Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA).

This paper estimates and analyzes the characteristics of Japanese household’s demand on goods and services, i.e. (1) Food, (2) Housing, (3) Fuel, light and water charges, (4)Furniture and household utensils, (5) Clothes and footwear, (6) Medical care, (7) Transportation and communication, (8) Education, (9) Reading and recreation, and (10)Other living expenditure. This paper applies Linear Expenditure System (LES) model and seemingly uncorrelated regression (SUR) estimation method. Put (10) other living expenditure aside, this paper has exhibited some conclusions. First, increases in income(above supernumerary income) will be proportionally allocated more for (1) Food, (5) Clothes and footwear, (9) Reading and recreation, (7) Transportation and communication and (8) Education. Second, both demand and cross-price elasticities are inelastic. Third, demand on (4) Furniture and household utensils, (5) Clothes and footwear and (6) Education are income elastic.Keywords: elasticity, Linear Expenditure System (LES), Seemingly UncorrelatedRegression (SUR)

Constant Market Share (CMS) merupakan alat analisis empiris yang banyak digunakan untuk melihat kinerja ekspor suatu negara. CMS pertama kali dikenalkan oleh Tyszynki (1951), namun CMS versi Leamer dan Stern (1970) lebih banyak digunakan dalam penelitian empiris. Menurut Leamer dan Stern (1970), perubahan nilai ekspor suatu negara dapat dipilih menjadi empat efek yaitu (a) efek trendekspor dunia, (b) efek distribusi pasar (c) efek komposisi komoditi dan (d) residual tidak-terjelaskan (efek daya saing). Kritik Richardson (1971a, 1971b) terhadap CMS versi ini tidak mengurangi popularitasnya.Menurut Fagerberg and Sollie (1987), ketidakmampuan mengidentifikasi residual tidak-terjelaskan (efek daya saing) merupakan kelemahan mendasar CMS versi ini. Fagerberg dan Sollie mengembangkan lebih lanjut CMS versi Tyszynki (1951).Paper ini memiliki dua bagian utama. Pertama, paper ini mendiskusikan secara komprehensif metode-metode CMS tersebut dan kemudian memperbaiki CMS versi Leamer dan Stern (1970) berdasarkan kritik Richardson (1971a, 1971b) dan Fagerberg dan Sollie (1987). Paper ini menurunkan rumus baru CMS dimana perubahan nilai ekspor suatu negara dapat dipilah menjadi enam efek yaitu (a) efek trend ekspor dunia (b) efek pangsa pasar (c) efek komposisi komoditi (d) efek komposisi pasar (e) efek adaptasi komoditi dan (f) efek adaptasi pasar. Versi baru CMS ini mengoreksi kelemahan versi Leamer danSterm (1970) berkaitan dengan subyektivitas penentuan urutan efek distribusi pasar dan efek komposisi komoditi, interpretasi efek daya saing dan penggunaan indeks.Kedua, metode CMS baru ini kemudian diaplikasikan untuk menganalisis kinerja ekspor negaranegara ASEAN (Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand dan Philippine) untuk periode 1980-1985, 1985-1990, 1990-1995, 1995-2001 dan 2001-2006. Paper ini berkesimpulan bahwa trend ekspor dunia memiliki peranan dominan terhadap kinerja ekspor negara-negara ASEAN. Regionalism dan ekonomi integrasi pada periode 1990-1995membawa perubahan pola perdagangan, dimana pada periode ini perdagangan intraregionallebih dominan. Efek pangsa pasar dan efek komposisi pasar juga lebih signifikan mempengaruhi kinerja ekspor negara-negara ASEAN pada periode tersebut.Keywords: Constant Market Share (CMS), Commodity Adaptation Effect and Market Adaptation Effect.

This paper aims to estimate households' demand function and welfare measurement under Linear Expenditure System (LES) in the case of Japan and Indonesia. In estimating the coefficients of the LES, this paper applies Seemingly Uncorrelated Regression (SUR) method. This paper gives some conclusions. First, for food consumption Indonesian households have the maximum marginal budget share on Meat and the minimum one on Fruits; meanwhile Japanese households have the maximum marginal budget share on Fish and sellfish and the minimum one on Dairy products and eggs. Indonesian households are 'meat lover' and Japanese households are 'fish lover'. Second, Indonesian households have smaller gap between minimum consumption (subsistence level) and average consumption than Japanese households have. Third, with the same level of price increase on foods the simulation shows that in nominal-term (Yen, ?) Japanese households get greater welfare decrease than Indonesian households get. However, in the percentage of total food expenditure, Indonesian households get greater welfare decrease than Japanese households get. Fourth, for the period 2000-2004 the changes of prices in living expenditure increased both Japanese All Households and Japanese Worker Households more than ?4, 500.

Does education promote economic growth? The aim of this study is to find out the impact of education on economic growth in Indonesia. This research employed panel data technique to investigate the relationship between education and economic growth in Indonesia during the period 1996-2009. The empirical results show that education per worker has a positive and significant impact on economic growth. The estimates of panel model suggest that a 1% increase in average education per worker will lead to about 1.56% increase in output. By using instrument analysis, researchers found that Jawa Timur is a province with highest economic growth in Indonesia. In contrast, Bengkulu experiences the lowest position with the lowest economic growth. The results show us that there are still substantial disparities within the provinces in Indonesia.