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IntroductionDepression and anxiety are significant contributors to maternal perinatal morbidity and a range of negative child outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to review and assess the diagnostic test accuracy of selected screening tools (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale [EPDS], EPDS-3A, Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9]-, PHQ-2, Matthey Generic Mood Question [MGMQ], Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale [GAD-7], GAD-2, and the Whooley questions) used to identify women with antenatal depression or anxiety in Western countries.Material and methodsOn January 16, 2023, we searched 10 databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, CRD Database, Embase, Epistemonikos, International HTA Database, KSR Evidence, Ovid MEDLINE, PROSPERO and PsycINFO); the references of included studies were also screened. We included studies of any design that compared case-identification with a relevant screening tool to the outcome of a diagnostic interview based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth or fifth edition (DSM-IV or DSM-5), or the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision (ICD-10). Diagnoses of interest were major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders. Two authors independently screened abstracts and full-texts for relevance and evaluated the risk of bias using QUADAS-2. Data extraction was performed by one person and checked by another team member for accuracy. For synthesis, a bivariate model was used. The certainty of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Registration: PROSPERO CRD42021236333.ResultsWe screened 8276 records for eligibility and included 16 original articles reporting on diagnostic test accuracy: 12 for the EPDS, one article each for the GAD-2, MGMQ, PHQ-9, PHQ-2, and Whooley questions, and no articles for the EPDS-3A or GAD-7. Most of the studies had moderate to high risk of bias. Ten of the, Funding Agencies|The Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services (SBU)

Sweden has a unique opportunity to identify and follow up women presenting with, or at risk for, perinatal mental health problems and disorders because universal screening programmes are provided by its primary healthcare system. Although they are implemented across almost the entire population, screening programmes are not necessarily leading to effective interventions because the multidisciplinary perinatal mental healthcare teams that provide for the assessment and treatment of moderate to severe disorders are very few in number and must be increased. In particular, efforts to reach immigrant parents must be intensified to achieve equal quality of care for all.

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and correlates of depression in new fathers. Methods: A population-based sample of 885 Swedish fathers and their partners completed a questionnaire, including the EdinburghPostnatal Depression Scale at three months postpartum. Correlates of depressive symptoms were analysed with univariate andmultiple variable regression models. Results: Symptoms of depression were found in 6.3% of the fathers and 12.0% of themothers, and the point prevalence of major depression in fathers was 1.3%. The strongest correlates of depressive symptoms in fathers were problems in the partner relationship, a low educational level, previous depression, stressful life events and low partner support. The cross-sectional design could affect the magnitude of the results, and causal inferences cannot be made. Conclusions: Although the rate of depressive symptoms is lower in fathers than in mothers at three months postpartum, the associated factors are similar to those found in studies of mothers. The first visits at the childhealth centre could include a discussion with both parents about normal transition problems; balancing work,personal and family needs; and distress. When signs of distress or partner relationship difficulties are picked up,this should be followed up and support interventions offered.

In this paper the association between the quality of couple relationships and household workload after the transition to parenthood is investigated. The sample consists of 251 men and women recruited through 21 child health‐care centres in South Bohuslän, Sweden. The results reveal a significant correlation between experiences of household workload and the quality of couple relationship for women when they have had both their first and their second child. The association clearly remains for first‐time mothers even when other characteristics, which may affect the couple's relationship, are included, such as stress, child's temperament, and social support. Stress also appears to have a significant connection with the satisfaction with the couple relationship, specifically for men. These results indicate that in a society with a high level of equality between men and women, household work and stress appear to be indicators of relationship happiness for persons who have recently become parents.

We investigated the prevalence of postnatal depressive mood in a national Swedish sample, together with factors associated with depressed mood postpartum only as opposed to having depressed mood both in early pregnancy and postpartum. Swedish-speaking women booked for antenatal care during a chosen period of three recruitment weeks were invited and 3293 (72%) agreed to participate in the study. Of these women, 2674 (81%) completed two questionnaires, one in early pregnancy and another 2 months postpartum. Depressive mood was assessed by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the validated Swedish cut-off of 11/12 was used. In all, 12.3% scored above the threshold postpartum depressed mood, that being 6.5% postpartum only (‘post’ group) and 5.8% both in pregnancy and postpartum (‘ante and post’ group). Unemployment, lack of support, and physical health problems were the most important factors associated with a postpartum depressed mood in both groups. Women in the ‘ante and post’ group were more socially disadvantaged with increased relative risks in most of the factors that were investigated. Postnatal problems such as dissatisfaction with support from relatives and factors related to the infant were only associated with a depressed mood in the ‘post’ group. Obtaining a psychosocial history in early pregnancy, including factors associated with a depressed mood, may be the first step towards identifying and providing individualized care for women at risk of sustained or recurrent depressive mood during pregnancy and the postpartum period.