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1. Plant trait covariance and nonlinear averaging: A reply to Koussoroplis et al.

Author

Wetzel, W, Kharouba, H, Robinson, M, Holyoak, M, and Karban, R

Abstract

SADIE (Spatial Analysis by Distance Indices) is designed specifically to quantify patterns in spatially-referenced count-based data. It was developed for dealing with data that can be considered ‘patchy’. Such distributions are commonly found, for example, in insect populations where discrete patches of individuals are often evident. The distributions of such populations have ‘hard edges’, with patches and gaps occurring spatially. In these cases variance of abundance does not vary smoothly, but discontinuously. In this paper we outline the use of SADIE and provide free access to the SADIE software suite, establishing Rethinking Ecology as its permanent home. Finally, we review the use of SADIE and demonstrate its use in a wide variety of sub-disciplines within the general field of ecology.

Published
2019

2. Plant size, latitude, and phylogeny explain within-population variability in herbivory

Author

Moreira Tomé, Xoaquín [0000-0003-0166-838X], Robinson, M L, Hahn, P G, Inouye, B D, Underwood, N, Whitehead, S R, Abbott, K C, Bruna, E M, Cacho, N I, Dyer, L A, Abdala-Roberts, L, Allen, W J, Lindroth, R L, LoPresti, E F, Losada, M, Louthan, A M, Luizzi, V J, Lynch, S C, Lynn, J S, Lyon, N J, Maia, L F, Maia, R A, Andrade, J F, Mannall, T L, Martin, B S, Massad, T J, McCall, A C, McGurrin, K, Merwin, A C, Mijango-Ramos, Z, Mills, C H, Moles, A T, Moore, C M, Angulo, D F, Moreira Tomé, Xoaquín, Morrison, C R, Moshobane, M C, Muola, A, Nakadai, R, Nakajima, K, Novais, S, Ogbebor, C O, Ohsaki, H, Pan, V S, Anjos, D, Pardikes, N A, Pareja, M, Parthasarathy, N, Pawar, R R, Paynter, Q, Pearse, I S, Penczykowski, R M, Pepi, A A, Pereira, C C, Phartyal, S S, Anstett, D N, Piper, F I, Poveda, K, Pringle, E G, Puy, J, Quijano Gaudes, Laura, Quintero, C, Rasmann, S, Rosche, C, Rosenheim, L Y, Rosenheim, J A, Bagchi, R, Runyon, J B, Sadeh, A, Sakata, Y, Salcido, D M, Salgado-Luarte, C, Santos, B A, Sapir, Y, Sasal, Y, Sato, Y, Sawant, M, Bagchi, S, Schroeder, H, Schumann, I, Segoli, M, Segre, H, Shelef, O, Shinohara, N, Singh, R P, Smith, D S, Sobral, M, Stotz, G C, Barbosa, M, Tack, Ayco J. M., Tayal, M, Tooker, J F, Torrico-Bazoberry, D, Tougeron, K, Trowbridge, A M, Utsumi, S, Uyi, O, Vaca-Uribe, J L, Valtonen, A, Barrett, S, van Dijk, L J A, Vandvik, V, Villellas, J, Waller, L P, Weber, M G, Yamawo, A, Yim, S, Zarnetske, P L, Zehr, L N, Zhong, Z, Baskett, C A, Wetzel, W C, Ben-Simchon, E, Bloodworth, K J, Bronstein, J L, Buckley, Y M, Burghardt, K T, Bustos-Segura, C, Calixto, E S, Carvalho, R L, Castagneyrol, B, Chiuffo, M C, Cinoğlu, D, Cinto Mejía, E, Cock, M C, Cogni, R, Cope, O L, Cornelissen, T, Cortez, D R, Crowder, D W, Dallstream, C, Dáttilo, W, Davis, J K, Dimarco, R D, Dole, H E, Egbon, I N, Eisenring, M, Ejomah, A, Elderd, B D, Endara, M-J, Eubanks, M D, Everingham, S E, Farah, K N, Farias, R P, Fernandes, A P, Fernandes, G W, Ferrante, M, Finn, A, Florjancic, G A, Forister, M L, Fox, Q N, Frago, E, França, F M, Getman-Pickering, A S, Getman-Pickering, Z, Gianoli, E, Gooden, B, Gossner, M M, Greig, K A, Gripenberg, S, Groenteman, R, Grof-Tisza, P, Haack, N, Hahn, L, Haq, S M, Helms, A M, Hennecke, J, Hermann, S L, Holeski, L M, Holm, S, Hutchinson, M C, Jackson, E E, Kagiya, S, Kalske, A, Kalwajtys, M, Karban, R, Kariyat, R, Keasar, T, Kersch-Becker, M F, Kharouba, H M, Kim, T N, Kimuyu, D M, Kluse, J, Koerner, S E, Komatsu, K J, Krishnan, S, Laihonen, M, Lamelas-López, L, LaScaleia, M C, Lecomte, N, Lehn, C R, Li, X, Moreira Tomé, Xoaquín [0000-0003-0166-838X], Robinson, M L, Hahn, P G, Inouye, B D, Underwood, N, Whitehead, S R, Abbott, K C, Bruna, E M, Cacho, N I, Dyer, L A, Abdala-Roberts, L, Allen, W J, Lindroth, R L, LoPresti, E F, Losada, M, Louthan, A M, Luizzi, V J, Lynch, S C, Lynn, J S, Lyon, N J, Maia, L F, Maia, R A, Andrade, J F, Mannall, T L, Martin, B S, Massad, T J, McCall, A C, McGurrin, K, Merwin, A C, Mijango-Ramos, Z, Mills, C H, Moles, A T, Moore, C M, Angulo, D F, Moreira Tomé, Xoaquín, Morrison, C R, Moshobane, M C, Muola, A, Nakadai, R, Nakajima, K, Novais, S, Ogbebor, C O, Ohsaki, H, Pan, V S, Anjos, D, Pardikes, N A, Pareja, M, Parthasarathy, N, Pawar, R R, Paynter, Q, Pearse, I S, Penczykowski, R M, Pepi, A A, Pereira, C C, Phartyal, S S, Anstett, D N, Piper, F I, Poveda, K, Pringle, E G, Puy, J, Quijano Gaudes, Laura, Quintero, C, Rasmann, S, Rosche, C, Rosenheim, L Y, Rosenheim, J A, Bagchi, R, Runyon, J B, Sadeh, A, Sakata, Y, Salcido, D M, Salgado-Luarte, C, Santos, B A, Sapir, Y, Sasal, Y, Sato, Y, Sawant, M, Bagchi, S, Schroeder, H, Schumann, I, Segoli, M, Segre, H, Shelef, O, Shinohara, N, Singh, R P, Smith, D S, Sobral, M, Stotz, G C, Barbosa, M, Tack, Ayco J. M., Tayal, M, Tooker, J F, Torrico-Bazoberry, D, Tougeron, K, Trowbridge, A M, Utsumi, S, Uyi, O, Vaca-Uribe, J L, Valtonen, A, Barrett, S, van Dijk, L J A, Vandvik, V, Villellas, J, Waller, L P, Weber, M G, Yamawo, A, Yim, S, Zarnetske, P L, Zehr, L N, Zhong, Z, Baskett, C A, Wetzel, W C, Ben-Simchon, E, Bloodworth, K J, Bronstein, J L, Buckley, Y M, Burghardt, K T, Bustos-Segura, C, Calixto, E S, Carvalho, R L, Castagneyrol, B, Chiuffo, M C, Cinoğlu, D, Cinto Mejía, E, Cock, M C, Cogni, R, Cope, O L, Cornelissen, T, Cortez, D R, Crowder, D W, Dallstream, C, Dáttilo, W, Davis, J K, Dimarco, R D, Dole, H E, Egbon, I N, Eisenring, M, Ejomah, A, Elderd, B D, Endara, M-J, Eubanks, M D, Everingham, S E, Farah, K N, Farias, R P, Fernandes, A P, Fernandes, G W, Ferrante, M, Finn, A, Florjancic, G A, Forister, M L, Fox, Q N, Frago, E, França, F M, Getman-Pickering, A S, Getman-Pickering, Z, Gianoli, E, Gooden, B, Gossner, M M, Greig, K A, Gripenberg, S, Groenteman, R, Grof-Tisza, P, Haack, N, Hahn, L, Haq, S M, Helms, A M, Hennecke, J, Hermann, S L, Holeski, L M, Holm, S, Hutchinson, M C, Jackson, E E, Kagiya, S, Kalske, A, Kalwajtys, M, Karban, R, Kariyat, R, Keasar, T, Kersch-Becker, M F, Kharouba, H M, Kim, T N, Kimuyu, D M, Kluse, J, Koerner, S E, Komatsu, K J, Krishnan, S, Laihonen, M, Lamelas-López, L, LaScaleia, M C, Lecomte, N, Lehn, C R, and Li, X

Abstract

Interactions between plants and herbivores are central in most ecosystems, but their strength is highly variable. The amount of variability within a system is thought to influence most aspects of plant-herbivore biology, from ecological stability to plant defense evolution. Our understanding of what influences variability, however, is limited by sparse data. We collected standardized surveys of herbivory for 503 plant species at 790 sites across 116° of latitude. With these data, we show that within-population variability in herbivory increases with latitude, decreases with plant size, and is phylogenetically structured. Differences in the magnitude of variability are thus central to how plant-herbivore biology varies across macroscale gradients. We argue that increased focus on interaction variability will advance understanding of patterns of life on Earth.

Published
2023

6. NOTES AND QUERIES

Author

Sharp, Katharine L., Perkins, R. L., and Wetzel, W. A.

Published
1898

7. «Zuckertee - Karies» - Küçük Çocuklarda Görülen Süt Dişi Çürüklerinin Yeni Bir Şekli (*)

Author

WETZEL, W.

Abstract

Özet s14 - 43 aylık on küçük çocuktan dokuzunda üst ön dişlerden başlayan süt dişlerinin yaygın çürüğü ile hazır tatlı çayların her gün içilmesi arasında bir ilişki olduğu bildirildi. Bu çaylar bütün vak'alarda günde bir çok kez yemekler arasında veya yatmadan önce emzikli şişelerden içiliyordu.Summary ;A correlation was established in 9 of 10 toddlers (age, 14-43 months) with rampant carious destruction of the deciduous teeth between daily consumption of so-called "prepared tea» and the incidence of particular form of caries. In all cases, the tea was given to the child several times a day in a feeding bottle as a betweenmeal pacifier and help put the child to sleep.

Published
2013

8. Book reviews

Author

Hey, John D., Wetzel, W., Metivier, M., Chibisov, D. M., and Malinovski, V. K.

Published
1985
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13. Buchbesprechungen

Author

Heinisch, O., Billeter, E. P., Nasr, Saad K., Krickeberg, K., Wetzel, W., Hoffmann, H. S., Reissig, G., and Roppert, Josef

Published
1963
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16. Qualitative evaluation of titanium implant integration into bone by diffraction enhanced imaging

Author

Wagner, A, Sachse, A, Keller, M, Aurich, M, Wetzel, W, Hortschansky, P, Schmuck, K, Lohmann, M, Reime, B, Metge, J, Arfelli, F, Menk, R, Rigon, L, Muehleman, C, Bravin, A, Coan, P, Mollenhauer, J, Wagner A, Sachse A, Keller M, Aurich M, Wetzel WD, Hortschansky P, Schmuck K, Lohmann M, Reime B, Metge J, Arfelli F, Menk R, Rigon L, Muehleman C, Bravin A, Coan P, Mollenhauer J, Wagner, A, Sachse, A, Keller, M, Aurich, M, Wetzel, W, Hortschansky, P, Schmuck, K, Lohmann, M, Reime, B, Metge, J, Arfelli, F, Menk, R, Rigon, L, Muehleman, C, Bravin, A, Coan, P, Mollenhauer, J, Wagner A, Sachse A, Keller M, Aurich M, Wetzel WD, Hortschansky P, Schmuck K, Lohmann M, Reime B, Metge J, Arfelli F, Menk R, Rigon L, Muehleman C, Bravin A, Coan P, and Mollenhauer J

Abstract

Diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI) uses refraction of x-rays at edges, which allows pronounced visualization of material borders and rejects scattering which often obscures edges and blurs images. Here, the first evidence is presented that, using DEI, a destruction-free evaluation of the quality of integration of metal implants into bone is possible. Experiments were performed in rabbits and sheep with model implants to investigate the option for DEI as a tool in implant research. The results obtained from DEI were compared to conventional histology obtained from the specimens. DE images allow the identification of the quality of ingrowth of bone into the hydroxyapatite layer of the implant. Incomplete integration of the implant with a remaining gap of less than 0.3 mm caused the presence of a highly refractive edge at the implant/bone border. In contrast, implants with bone fully grown onto the surface did not display a refractive signal. Therefore, the refractive signal could be utilized to diagnose implant healing and/or loosening.

Published
2006

17. Chance and limit of imaging of articular cartilage in vitro in healthy and arthritic joints - DEI (Diffraction Enhanced Imaging) in comparison with MRI, CT and ultrasound

Author

Wagner, A, Aurich, M, Stoessel, M, Sieber, N, Wetzel, W, Mollenhauer, J, Schmuck, K, Muehleman, C, Lohmann, M, Reime, B, Metge, J, Coan, P, Bravin, A, Arfelli, F, Rigon, L, Menk, R, Wagner A, Aurich M, Stoessel M, Sieber N, Wetzel WD, Mollenhauer J, Schmuck K, Muehleman C, Lohmann M, Reime B, Metge J, Coan P, Bravin A, Arfelli F, Rigon L, Menk R-H, Wagner, A, Aurich, M, Stoessel, M, Sieber, N, Wetzel, W, Mollenhauer, J, Schmuck, K, Muehleman, C, Lohmann, M, Reime, B, Metge, J, Coan, P, Bravin, A, Arfelli, F, Rigon, L, Menk, R, Wagner A, Aurich M, Stoessel M, Sieber N, Wetzel WD, Mollenhauer J, Schmuck K, Muehleman C, Lohmann M, Reime B, Metge J, Coan P, Bravin A, Arfelli F, Rigon L, and Menk R-H

Abstract

Description of purpose: Treatment of osteoarthritis in stages of reversible disease requires high resolution visualization of early cartilage damage and of subchondral bone. Here, DEI (Diffraction Enhanced Imaging) is compared to MRI, computed X-ray tomography (CT) and ultrasound (UI) in its ability to detect early degeneration of articular cartilage. In contrast to conventional absorptive X-ray examination where cartilage is poorly visible DEI captures cartilage by detection of selected refraction. Methods: Human femoral heads were investigated by macroscopic inspection, conventional X-ray examination, DEI, MRI, CT, UI and histology. DEI is an imaging technique applying a monochromatic parallel synchrotron X-ray beam. Image features were verified by histology. Results: DEI, MRI and ultrasound lead to interpretable images of cartilage. Of all techniques, DEI provided highest image resolution revealing the structural tissue architecture. MRI needs a very long exposure time (more than 5 hours) to achieve comparable quality. Application of ultrasound is limited because of joint geometry and, at high sound frequency, the necessity of close contact between cartilage and transducer. DEI is an experimental technique which needs synchrotron radiation. Conclusion: DEI is a very promising imaging technique for visualization of cartilage and bone. It may serve as an excellent analytical tool for experimental studies. Our pictures show a part of future of optimised techniques for imaging. Synchrotron based DEI may lead the way towards optimisation of improved techniques for imaging. Upon development of adequate small scale X-ray sources, DEI will also be an important supplementation for medical imaging.

Published
2005

18. Options and limitations of joint cartilage imaging: DEI in comparison to MRI and sonography

Author

Wagner, A, Aurich, M, Sieber, N, Stoessel, M, Wetzel, W, Schmuck, K, Lohmann, M, Reime, B, Metge, J, Coan, P, Bravin, A, Arfelli, F, Rigon, L, Menk, R, Heitner, G, Irving, T, Zhong, Z, Muehleman, C, Mollenhauer, J, Wagner A, Aurich M, Sieber N, Stoessel M, Wetzel WD, Schmuck K, Lohmann M, Reime B, Metge J, Coan P, Bravin A, Arfelli F, Rigon L, Menk RH, Heitner G, Irving T, Zhong Z, Muehleman C, Mollenhauer JA, Wagner, A, Aurich, M, Sieber, N, Stoessel, M, Wetzel, W, Schmuck, K, Lohmann, M, Reime, B, Metge, J, Coan, P, Bravin, A, Arfelli, F, Rigon, L, Menk, R, Heitner, G, Irving, T, Zhong, Z, Muehleman, C, Mollenhauer, J, Wagner A, Aurich M, Sieber N, Stoessel M, Wetzel WD, Schmuck K, Lohmann M, Reime B, Metge J, Coan P, Bravin A, Arfelli F, Rigon L, Menk RH, Heitner G, Irving T, Zhong Z, Muehleman C, and Mollenhauer JA

Abstract

Diffraction Enhanced Imaging (DEI) is an X-ray imaging method to provide additional contrast and diminish untoward image signals by reducing scattering. Previous reports demonstrated its applicability in soft and hard tissue imaging. Here we provide further evidence for the improved overall image quality and for the option to discriminate various tissue-specific properties, such as collagen fiber elements or mineralization. Comparative ex vivo data to medical MRI and to medical ultrasound are shown, utilizing human ankle and hip specimens.

Published
2005

19. Transition to parenthood. What about fathers?

Author

Watson, W. J., Watson, L., Wetzel, W., Bader, E., and Talbot, Y.

Subjects
Counseling, Male, Parenting, Life Change Events, Fathers, Self-Help Groups, Adaptation, Psychological, Humans, Female, sense organs, skin and connective tissue diseases, Family Practice, Physician's Role, Research Article
Abstract

Family physicians are in a strategic position to help couples adjust to the many changes that occur during the transition to parenthood. We review some of the issues for fathers at this time and suggest strategies for family physicians for including fathers and assisting couples to adjust to the changes in the interest of promoting healthy families.

Published
1995

21. Genograms. Practical tools for family physicians

Author

Waters, I., Watson, W., and Wetzel, W.

Subjects
Conflict, Psychological, Medical Records, Problem-Oriented, Humans, Social Support, Systems Theory, Family, Models, Psychological, Family Practice, Medical History Taking, Research Article
Abstract

A genogram can help a physician integrate a patient's family information into the medical problem-solving process for better patient care. A genogram allows a physician to obtain medical and psychosocial information from a patient easily and, as a result, to have a better understanding of the context of the presenting symptoms.

Published
1994

26. A specific role for group I mGluRs in hippocampal LTP and hippocampus-dependent spatial learning.

Author

Balschun, D, Manahan-Vaughan, D, Wagner, T, Behnisch, T, Reymann, K G, and Wetzel, W

Abstract

Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) have been implicated in long-term potentiation and in learning and memory formation. In this study, we tested the effects of group I mGluR inhibition on synaptic plasticity and learning of rats at different levels of organization (1) in the hippocampal slice preparation; (2) in freely moving animals implanted with chronic hippocampal electrodes; and (3) in different spatial learning paradigms. To allow a direct comparison of the effects obtained the same doses were used in all paradigms. Bath-application of the selective group I mGluR antagonist (S)4-carboxyphenylglycine (4-CPG) impaired a decremental long-term potentiation (LTP) induced by a weak tetanization paradigm, but failed to affect a robust LTP generated by strong tetanization. In contrast, 4-CPG impaired a robust LTP in freely moving animals if applied 30 min before tetanization. The same dose of 4-CPG only impeded spatial learning mildly in the eight-arm radial maze and had no effect on a simple configuration of the Y-maze spatial alternation task. In the more difficult configuration of this task, however, 4-CPG caused complete amnesia. The lack of state-dependent 4-CPG actions and the absence of any 4-CPG effects in the open-field test classify the obtained retention deficit as a selective impairment of memory storage. Our results indicate a specific role of group I mGluRs in certain types of synaptic plasticity and of spatial learning.

Published
1999

27. Bilateral ablation of auditory cortex in Mongolian gerbil affects discrimination of frequency modulated tones but not of pure tones.

Author

Ohl, F W, Wetzel, W, Wagner, T, Rech, A, and Scheich, H

Abstract

This study examines the role of auditory cortex in the Mongolian gerbil in differential conditioning to pure tones and to linearly frequency-modulated (FM) tones by analyzing the effects of bilateral auditory cortex ablation. Learning behavior and performance were studied in a GO/NO-GO task aiming at avoidance of a mild foot shock by crossing a hurdle in a two-way shuttle box. Hurdle crossing as the conditioned response to the reinforced stimulus (CR+), as false alarm in response to the unreinforced stimulus (CR-), intertrial activity, and reaction times were monitored. The analysis revealed no effects of lesion on pure tone discrimination but impairment of FM tone discrimination. In the latter case lesion effects were dependent on timing of lesion relative to FM tone discrimination training. Lesions before training in naive animals led to a reduced CR+ rate and had no effect on CR- rate. Lesions in pretrained animals led to an increased CR- rate without effects on the CR+ rate. The results suggest that auditory cortex plays a more critical role in discrimination of FM tones than in discrimination of pure tones. The different lesion effects on FM tone discrimination before and after training are compatible with both the hypothesis of a purely sensory deficit in FM tone processing and the hypothesis of a differential involvement of auditory cortex in acquisition and retention, respectively.

Published
1999

30. A new upper limit for the decay rate $\Gamma (f' \rightarrow \pi \pi )$

Author

Beusch, Werner, Birman, A, Websdale, D M, and Wetzel, W

Subjects
Particle Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

Data from an experiment on pi /sup -/p to K/sub S//sup o/K/sub S//sup o/n are used to compare the KK D-wave at the f'(1516) mass with that at the f(1270) mass. The ratio yields an upper limit for f' production by pi pi scattering followed by decay into KK. This limit can be expressed by Gamma (f' to pi pi )/ Gamma (f' to all)

Published
1975

32. On the Numerical Simulation of Three-Dimensional Hypersonic Flow

Author

DEUTSCHE FORSCHUNGS- UND VERSUCHSANSTALT FUER LUFT- UND RAUMFAHRT E V GOETTING EN (GERMANY F R), Riedelbauch, S., Wetzel, W., Kordulla, W., Oertel, H., Jr, DEUTSCHE FORSCHUNGS- UND VERSUCHSANSTALT FUER LUFT- UND RAUMFAHRT E V GOETTING EN (GERMANY F R), Riedelbauch, S., Wetzel, W., Kordulla, W., and Oertel, H., Jr

Abstract

A report on the first steps towards the numerical simulation of hypersonic flows. Intentionally, the ideal-gas assumption is used to validate the methods by comparing results with experimentally observed or theoretically obtained data in cold hypersonic flows about simple geometries. The approaches cover the continuum as well as the gas-kinetic flow regime. An implicit finite-difference method with bow-shock fitting is employed to integrate the time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations, while the gas-kinetic flow is simulated by approximations to Boltzmann's equation. The Direct-Simulation Monte-Carlo method is preferred to the Molecular-Dynamics approach because of its larger computational efficiency. Results are compared with experimental data for the laminar flow past a blunted cone at M = 10.6 and past a hemisphere at M = 4.15. The decay of Oseen's vortex at Kn = 0.1, and the gas-kinetic flow past a cylinder at M = 5.48 with Kn = 0.1 and 0.3 have been simulated, and results are shown in comparison with theoretical data. As an application to more realistic configurations the three-dimensional laminar flow past the noise of a typical spacecraft and the gas-kinetic flow in the symmetry plane of the flow past the same configuration is being discussed. The next steps will include real-gas modelling. For hot hypersonic flows experimental data are badly needed for comparison purpose., This article is from 'Aerodynamics of Hypersonic Lifting Vehicles' Conference Proceedings Held at the Fluid Dynamics Panel Symposium in Bristol, United Kingdon on 6-9 April 1987, AD-A198 665, p19-1 thru 19-16.

Published
1987

36. Der Franc-tireur (1942)

Author

Wetzel, W.. Rédacteur and Wetzel, W.. Rédacteur

Abstract

Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : Alsace1

Published
1942

43. THINKING IN THREE DIMENSIONS.

Author

Wetzel, W. A.

Subjects
HIGH school students, SENSORY perception, SCHOOL boards, EDUCATION, SCHOOL administration
Abstract

The article presents the views of the high school students on what kind of superintendent that Akron Board of Education should have. The student's views are divided into three, the one-dimension thinkers, two-dimension thinkers, and three-dimension thinkers. The thinker's mathematical concept are discussed.

Published
1920

44. Qualitative evaluation of titanium implant integration into bone by diffraction enhanced imaging

Author

L. Rigon, J. Mollenhauer, K. Schmuck, Paola Coan, M. Lohmann, Fulvia Arfelli, A. Sachse, J. Metge, B. Reime, Carol Muehleman, Alberto Bravin, Matthias Aurich, R. H. Menk, Peter Hortschansky, W.-D. Wetzel, M. Keller, Andreas Wagner, Wagner, A, Sachse, A, Keller, M, Aurich, M, WETZEL W., D, Hortschansky, P, Schmuck, K, Lohmann, M, Reime, B, Metge, J, Arfelli, Fulvia, Menk, R, Rigon, Luigi, Muehleman, C, Bravin, A, Coan, P, Mollenhauer, J., Wetzel, W, Arfelli, F, Rigon, L, and Mollenhauer, J

Subjects
Diffraction, Titanium implant, Materials science, Dentistry, FIS/07 - FISICA APPLICATA (A BENI CULTURALI, AMBIENTALI, BIOLOGIA E MEDICINA), x-ray refraction, Bone Nails, bone, Bone remodeling, X-Ray Diffraction, Animals, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Femur, titanium implant integration, diffraction enhanced imaging, Titanium, Sheep, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, Tibia, business.industry, metal implant, Metal implant, Refraction, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Durapatite, Diffraction enhanced imaging, X ray refraction, Implant, Bone Remodeling, Rabbits, business, Biomedical engineering
Abstract

Diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI) uses refraction of x-rays at edges, which allows pronounced visualization of material borders and rejects scattering which often obscures edges and blurs images. Here, the first evidence is presented that, using DEI, a destruction-free evaluation of the quality of integration of metal implants into bone is possible. Experiments were performed in rabbits and sheep with model implants to investigate the option for DEI as a tool in implant research. The results obtained from DEI were compared to conventional histology obtained from the specimens. DE images allow the identification of the quality of ingrowth of bone into the hydroxyapatite layer of the implant. Incomplete integration of the implant with a remaining gap of less than 0.3 mm caused the presence of a highly refractive edge at the implant/bone border. In contrast, implants with bone fully grown onto the surface did not display a refractive signal. Therefore, the refractive signal could be utilized to diagnose implant healing and/or loosening.

Published
2006

45. Chance and limit of imaging of articular cartilage in vitro in healthy and arthritic joints: DEI (diffraction enhanced imaging) in comparison with MRI, CT, and ultrasound

Author

Carol Muehleman, Matthias Aurich, Paola Coan, M. Lohmann, Bernd Reime, Alberto Bravin, Wolf-Dieter Wetzel, Klaus Schmuck, Fulvia Arfelli, Norbert Sieber, Jürgen Mollenhauer, Joachim Metge, Andreas F. Wagner, Luigi Rigon, Ralf-Henrik Menk, Marco Stoessel, Amini A.A.,Manduca A., Wagner, A, Aurich, M, Stoessel, M, Sieber, N, WETZEL W., D, Mollenhauer, J, Schmuck, K, Muehleman, C, Lohmann, M, Reime, B, Metge, J, Coan, P, Bravin, A, Arfelli, Fulvia, Rigon, Luigi, Menk, R. H., Wetzel, W, Arfelli, F, Rigon, L, and Menk, R

Subjects
Diffraction, Materials science, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Cartilage, X-ray imaging, Ultrasound, FIS/07 - FISICA APPLICATA (A BENI CULTURALI, AMBIENTALI, BIOLOGIA E MEDICINA), Magnetic resonance imaging, Osteoarthritis, Comparison DEI with MRI, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Diffraction Enhanced Imaging, Cartilage imaging, Medical imaging, medicine, DEI (Diffraction Enhanced Imaging), Tomography, Nuclear medicine, business, Image resolution, CT and ultrasound
Abstract

Description of purpose: Treatment of osteoarthritis in stages of reversible disease requires high resolution visualization of early cartilage damage and of subchondral bone. Here, DEI (Diffraction Enhanced Imaging) is compared to MRI, computed X-ray tomography (CT) and ultrasound (UI) in its ability to detect early degeneration of articular cartilage. In contrast to conventional absorptive X-ray examination where cartilage is poorly visible DEI captures cartilage by detection of selected refraction. Methods: Human femoral heads were investigated by macroscopic inspection, conventional X-ray examination, DEI, MRI, CT, UI and histology. DEI is an imaging technique applying a monochromatic parallel synchrotron X-ray beam. Image features were verified by histology. Results: DEI, MRI and ultrasound lead to interpretable images of cartilage. Of all techniques, DEI provided highest image resolution revealing the structural tissue architecture. MRI needs a very long exposure time (more than 5 hours) to achieve comparable quality. Application of ultrasound is limited because of joint geometry and, at high sound frequency, the necessity of close contact between cartilage and transducer. DEI is an experimental technique which needs synchrotron radiation. Conclusion: DEI is a very promising imaging technique for visualization of cartilage and bone. It may serve as an excellent analytical tool for experimental studies. Our pictures show a part of future of optimised techniques for imaging. Synchrotron based DEI may lead the way towards optimisation of improved techniques for imaging. Upon development of adequate small scale X-ray sources, DEI will also be an important supplementation for medical imaging.

Published
2005
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46. Options and limitations of joint cartilage imaging: DEI in comparison to MRI and sonography

Author

J. Metge, N. Sieber, B. Reime, Fulvia Arfelli, K. Schmuck, Carol Muehleman, W.-D. Wetzel, Alberto Bravin, Andreas Wagner, Zhong Zhong, Gabriele Heitner, J. Mollenhauer, Luigi Rigon, Paola Coan, M. Lohmann, Ralph H Menk, Matthias Aurich, Thomas C. Irving, M. Stoessel, Wagner, A, Aurich, M, Sieber, N, Stoessel, M, Wetzel, W, Schmuck, K, Lohmann, M, Reime, B, Metge, J, Coan, P, Bravin, A, Arfelli, F, Rigon, L, Menk, R, Heitner, G, Irving, T, Zhong, Z, Muehleman, C, Mollenhauer, J, WETZEL W., D, Arfelli, Fulvia, Rigon, Luigi, MENK R., H, and Mollenhauer, J. A.

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Image quality, Cartilage, FIS/07 - FISICA APPLICATA (A BENI CULTURALI, AMBIENTALI, BIOLOGIA E MEDICINA), Hard tissue, medicine.anatomical_structure, Collagen fiber, medicine, Joint cartilage, Image analysi, Ankle, Bone, Radiology, Instrumentation, Medical ultrasound, Biomedical engineering
Abstract

Diffraction Enhanced Imaging (DEI) is an X-ray imaging method to provide additional contrast and diminish untoward image signals by reducing scattering. Previous reports demonstrated its applicability in soft and hard tissue imaging. Here we provide further evidence for the improved overall image quality and for the option to discriminate various tissue-specific properties, such as collagen fiber elements or mineralization. Comparative ex vivo data to medical MRI and to medical ultrasound are shown, utilizing human ankle and hip specimens.

Published
2005

47. Selective Interruption of Auditory Interhemispheric Cross Talk Impairs Discrimination Learning of Frequency-Modulated Tone Direction But Not Gap Detection and Discrimination.

Author

Saldeitis K, Jeschke M, Michalek A, Henschke JU, Wetzel W, Ohl FW, and Budinger E

Subjects
Acoustic Stimulation, Animals, Gerbillinae physiology, Male, Pitch Discrimination, Auditory Cortex physiology, Discrimination Learning physiology
Abstract

Functional hemispheric lateralization is a basic principle of brain organization. In the auditory domain, the right auditory cortex (AC) determines the pitch direction of continuous auditory stimuli whereas the left AC discriminates gaps in these stimuli. The involved functional interactions between the two sides, mediated by commissural connections, are poorly understood. Here, we selectively disrupted the interhemispheric cross talk from the left to the right primary AC and vice versa using chromophore-targeted laser-induced apoptosis of the respective projection neurons, which make up 6-17% of all AC neurons in Layers III, V, and VI. Following photolysis, male gerbils were trained in a first experimental set to discriminate between rising and falling frequency-modulated (FM) tone sweeps. The acquisition of the task was significantly delayed in lesioned animals of either lesion direction. However, the final discrimination performance and hit rate was lowest for animals with left-side lesioned commissural neurons, demonstrating that also information from the left AC is relevant for FM direction learning. Photolysis after successful learning did not affect the retrieval of the learned task, indicating that the disruption during learning was not because of a general functional impairment. In a second experimental set, the gerbil's ability to detect and discriminate small silent gaps of varying length within FM sweeps was tested. This ability was also preserved after interhemispheric disruption. Taken together, interhemispheric communication between the left and right AC is important for the acquisition of FM tone direction learning but not for its retrieval and for gap detection and gap duration discrimination. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Hemispheric lateralization of neuronal functions such as speech and music processing in humans are common throughout the brain; however, the involved interhemispheric interactions are ill-defined. Here, we show that the selective photolytic disruption of auditory cortical commissural connections in rodents impairs the acquisition but not retrieval of a frequency-modulated tone direction discrimination task. The final discrimination performance and hit rate was lowest for animals with lesioned left-to-right-side projections; thus, although right auditory cortex is dominant, left auditory cortex is also relevant for learning this task. The detection and discrimination of small gaps within the tone sweeps remain intact, suggesting a pathway for the processing of these temporal structures, which could be independent from the lesioned interhemispheric cross talk., (Copyright © 2022 the authors.)

Published
2022
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48. Empathy, personality traits, and emotional management in 2nd and 4th-year dentistry students: a single-center study.

Author

Lermen C, Wetzel W, Britz V, Sterz J, Bechstein WO, and Schreckenbach T

Subjects
Dentistry, Emotional Intelligence, Emotions, Female, Humans, Surveys and Questionnaires, Empathy, Students, Medical
Abstract

Background: Patients fearing dental interventions are at risk of delaying or skipping much-needed treatments. Empathic communication could lead to a higher rate of compliance from patients within this group. Empathy, the big five personality traits, and emotion management abilities are all known to influence the quality of communication between dentists and patients. This study was conducted to analyze whether there is a correlation between these factors in dentistry students., Methods: Dentistry students in their 2nd and 4th year of study were asked to complete questionnaires assessing empathy, emotion management, and personality traits. Out of a total of 148 eligible participants, 53 students (34%) volunteered to participate. For empathy, the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (students' version; JSPE-S) and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) were used. Personality traits were assessed using the Short Big Five Inventory (BFI-s), and the Situational Test of Emotional Management (STEM) to measure emotional management ability., Results: Higher scores for emotion management were significantly correlated with the female gender (p ≤ 0.005) and with higher scores in openness (p ≤ 0.05). Students with higher scores in openness also achieved higher scores on the IRI subscales: Perspective taking (p ≤ 0.05), Fantasy (p ≤ 0.01), Empathic concern (p ≤ 0.05), and Personal distress (p ≤ 0.05). For JSPE-S, no correlation with emotion management and personality traits was found., Conclusion: Empathy and emotion management might not be significantly related in dentistry students. Regarding personality traits, students who scored higher on openness also indicated higher abilities in emotion management. These findings should be taken into consideration when planning communication courses for dentistry students, as it might be possible to independently train empathy and emotion management as part of emotional intelligence., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

Published
2022
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49. Worksite Nutrition: Is a Nutrient-Dense Diet the Answer for a Healthier Workforce?

Author

Sutliffe J, Scheid J, Gorman M, Adams A, Carnot MJ, Wetzel W, Fortin T, Sutliffe C, and Fuhrman J

Abstract

Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Joel Fuhrman, MD serves as President of the Nutritional Research Foundation.

Published
2018
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