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Objective To study the buccolingual inclination of posterior premolars and molars and the curve of Wilson in patients with different sagittal skeletal patterns, to explore the compensation mechanism of horizontal inclination of posterior teeth in patients with different sagittal skeletal patterns and to provide a reference for the control of posterior tooth inclination in the treatment of bone malocclusion. Methods This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee, and informed consent was obtained from the patients. Ninety CBCT scans of adults and ninety scans of adolescents before orthodontic treatment were evaluated in this cross-sectional study. There were 30 skeletal Class I, Class Ⅱ, and Class Ⅲ patients in the adult group and adolescent group. The inclination angles of posterior teeth and the curve of Wilson of first and second molars were measured, and data were analyzed between adolescents and adults with different sagittal skeletal patterns. Results Compared with skeletal Class Ⅰ adult patients, the upper posterior molar inclination of skeletal Class Ⅱ patients was significantly lower, and the lower posterior molar inclination was significantly higher. Compared with skeletal ClassⅠ adult patients, the upper posterior molar inclination of skeletal Class Ⅲ adult patients was higher, and the lower posterior molar inclination was significantly lower. The Wilson curve of the second molar in skeletal Class Ⅱ adult patients was significantly higher than that in the other groups. Compared with skeletal ClassⅠ adolescent patients, skeletal Class Ⅲ adolescent patients had a significantly higher upper posterior molar inclination; however, no difference was found between the inclination of the posterior teeth between skeletal Class Ⅰ, Class Ⅱ and Class Ⅲ adolescent patients. Comparing adolescent and adult samples, in skeletal Class Ⅱ patients, adults showed more lingual inclination than adolescents in the upper posterior teeth and less lingual inclination in the lower posterior teeth except for the mandibular first molar. Comparing adolescent and adult samples, in skeletal Class Ⅲ patients, adults showed more lingual inclination than adolescents in the lower posterior teeth except for the mandibular second molars and showed no difference in the upper posterior teeth. Conclusions The inclination of the posterior teeth and the curve of Wilson show significant differences between the three sagittal skeletal patterns. Compared with those of skeletal Class Ⅰ patients, the posterior teeth of skeletal Class Ⅱ patients show more lingual inclination in the upper arch and less lingual inclination in the lower arch. Meanwhile, posterior teeth of skeletal Class Ⅲ patients show more lingual inclination in the lower arch and maintain the inclination in the upper arch.

KLF14 belongs to the Krüppel-like factor (KLF) family of transcription factors. The KLF family activate and/or repress transcription in a promoter- and cell-dependent manner by interacting with co-suppressors or co-activators. However, the function and mechanism of KLF14 in osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) is unknown. This study explores the impact and molecular mechanism of KLF14 in hMSC osteogenic differentiation in vitro. We found that KLF14 was highly expressed in hMSCs, and KLF14 expression gradually decreased after inducing osteogenic differentiation. Inhibiting KLF14 expression promoted osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. We also found that KLF14 interacted with the WNT3A promoter. This interaction decreased expression of WNT3A and downstream osteogenesis-related target genes in the WNT signaling pathway, and resulted in cell cycle arrest. In conclusion, we describe a new mechanism for KLF14 in differentiation of hMSCs into osteoblasts and suggest a new target for clinical therapeutics related to human bone development., Competing Interests: None., (AJTR Copyright © 2020.)