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The current mainstream image restoration methods have difficulty fully learning the structure and color information of murals in mural image restoration tasks due to the limited size of the available datasets, resulting in problems such as structural loss and texture errors. This study proposes a two-stage mural restoration network based on an edge-constrained attention mechanism. This paper introduces additional sketches as inputs during the coarse restoration phase and incorporates a local edge loss function to enable the network to generate corresponding structural information based on the sketches. In the fine restoration phase, the calculation for the similarity between missing areas and known areas is optimized to enhance the consistency of the restoration results with the texture of the known areas. Furthermore, a structure-guided attention propagation block is introduced after adopting the attention mechanism. This block selectively integrates surrounding contextual information to update the attention score map, thereby enhancing the coherence and plausibility of the generated textures. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the current mainstream restoration methods according to various assessment indices. The proposed method generates high-quality structural information according to user guidance information, and the repaired texture is highly visually consistent with that of the original mural, with few noticeable deviations. This study provides a new approach for mural restoration, which may positively impact cultural heritage protection and artistic restoration applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the telephone band (0.3–3 kHz) provides sufficient information for speech recognition, the contribution of the non-telephone band (<0.3 and >3 kHz) is unclear. To investigate its contribution, speech intelligibility and talker identification were evaluated using consonants, vowels, and sentences. The non-telephone band produced relatively good intelligibility for consonants (76.0%) and sentences (77.4%), but not vowels (11.5%). The non-telephone band supported good talker identification only with sentences (74.5%), but not vowels (45.8%) or consonants (10.8%). Furthermore, the non-telephone band cannot produce satisfactory speech intelligibility in noise at the sentence level, suggesting the importance of full-band access in realistic listening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Locust plagues threaten agricultural and environmental safety throughout the world.sup.1,2. Aggregation pheromones have a crucial role in the transition of locusts from a solitary form to the devastating gregarious form and the formation of large-scale swarms.sup.3,4. However, none of the candidate compounds reported.sup.5-7 meet all the criteria for a locust aggregation pheromone. Here, using behavioural assays, electrophysiological recording, olfactory receptor characterization and field experiments, we demonstrate that 4-vinylanisole (4VA) (also known as 4-methoxystyrene) is an aggregation pheromone of the migratory locust (Locusta migratoria). Both gregarious and solitary locusts are strongly attracted to 4VA, regardless of age and sex. Although it is emitted specifically by gregarious locusts, 4VA production can be triggered by aggregation of four to five solitary locusts. It elicits responses specifically from basiconic sensilla on locust antennae. We also identified OR35 as a specific olfactory receptor of 4VA. Knockout of OR35 using CRISPR-Cas9 markedly reduced the electrophysiological responses of the antennae and impaired 4VA behavioural attractiveness. Finally, field trapping experiments verified the attractiveness of 4VA to experimental and wild populations. These findings identify a locust aggregation pheromone and provide insights for the development of novel control strategies for locusts. 4-Vinylanisole, which is emitted by gregarious locusts or as a result of aggregation of solitary locusts, is identified as an aggregation pheromone that strongly attracts both solitary and gregarious locusts, acting via the olfactory receptor OR35., Author(s): Xiaojiao Guo [sup.1] [sup.2] , Qiaoqiao Yu [sup.1] [sup.2] , Dafeng Chen [sup.1] , Jianing Wei [sup.1] , Pengcheng Yang [sup.3] , Jia Yu [sup.1] , Xianhui Wang [sup.1] [...]

One important aspect of digital citizenship, defined as "the norms of appropriate, responsible behavior with regard to technology use," is to reinforce ethical online behavior and discourage risky conduct. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of parental involvement and socioeconomic status on teens digital citizenship, which includes: digital access, digital etiquette, and digital safety. A research-based path model was developed to explain causal relationships between these factors. This model was tested based on data gathered from 270 teens and their parents. The results provided significant evidence in support of the following hypothesized model: teens whose parents were more involved in their technology usage and online activities have higher reported levels of digital etiquette and digital safety; teens whose parents have better socioeconomic status have higher level of digital access, digital etiquette and digital safety. Overall, parental involvement and socioeconomic status was found to positively predict teen digital citizenship. The study findings have the potential for guiding future model development and to further influence positive social change by supporting parents and educators to promote online safety and digital citizenship development.