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Turmeric extract is a β-diketone polyphenol extract isolated from theCurcuma longa L, a plant of the genus Curcuma of the Zingberaceae family. It mainly includes curcumin (CUR), demethoxycurcumin (DMC), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC). It is a commonly used food, natural pigment and cosmetic additive, which has various pharmacological activities, such as hypolipidemia, antioxidant, anti-inflammation, antiviral and anti-Alzheimer's disease. However, poor stability and low bioavailability limit the clinical application of curcuminoids. Curcumin hydrogenated metabolites also have pharmacological activity, and they are more stable and bioavailable than curcumin. The metabolites of curcuminoids (CUR, DMC and BDMC) in turmeric extract in rats were identified. Turmeric extract was suspended in 0.5% carboxymethlcellulose sodium (CMC-Na). Healthy male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats in drug group were gavaged with a single dose of 1 703 mg/kg turmeric extract (approximately 480 mg/kg curcuminoids), and the rats in control group were given equal volume of 05% CMC-Na solution. And then, plasma at different time points was collected after oral gavage. Urine, faeces and bile were collected after oral gavage in rats within 12 h. Plasma were prepared by protein precipitation method, the urine, faeces and bile were extracted by methanol. The biological samples of faeces, urine, bile and plasma were analyzed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole extractive orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Extractive MS) in negative ion mode. The accurate molecular weight, primary and secondary mass spectrometry information of metabolites in faeces, urine, bile and plasma were identified. As a result, a total of 59 metabolites (B1-W12) were identified. B3, B7, B8, B11, B12, B13, C3, D3, D5, D8, D10, W1, W2, W4, W5, W7 and W10 were new metabolites. W3/W6, W11/W12 and W12 were firstly found in plasma, faces and urine, respectively. The results showed that the main metabolic pathways of curcumin were glucuronidation, sulfation, reductive hydrogenation, oxidation, reduction, hydroxylation, dehydroxylation and their composite reactions. This method can provide a theoretical basis for the later screening of active metabolites of curcumin compounds.

The wild species Thinopyrum intermedium (genome JJJSJSStSt) serves as a valuable germplasm resource providing novel diseases resistance and agronomically important genes for wheat improvement. Two wheat-Th. intermedium partial amphiploids, TAI7045 (2n = 56) and 78784 (2n = 56), exhibit high resistance to stripe rust and powdery mildew, and their chromosome constitutions have been characterized. With the aim to transfer novel resistance genes from Th. intermedium, the crosses of common wheat line MY11 with TAI7045 and 78784 were produced, and their individual F2-F5 progenies were characterized using sequential non-denaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization (ND-FISH) and molecular markers. We identified a set of wheat-Th. intermedium addition lines, involving the chromosomes 1St-JS, 2St, 2St-JS, 3St, 4J, 4St, 5St, 5J.St, 6JS.J, and 7JS. Above all, the stable wheat-Th. intermedium small segmental translocation lines with chromosomes 4DS.4DL-4StL-4DL-4JL and 4DS.4DL-4StL-4DL were selected. Combining data from specific marker amplification and resistance evaluation, we mapped the gene(s) for resistance to powdery mildew and stripe rust in the 233.56–329.88 Mb region of the long arm of the 4St chromosome from the reference Th. intermedium genome. The new wheat-Th. intermedium introgressions will be used as novel germplasm for breeding purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The perennial species Dasypyrum breviaristatum (genome [V.sup.b]) contains many potentially valuable genes for the improvement of common wheat. Construction of a detailed karyotype of D. breviaristatum chromosomes will be useful for the detection of Dasypyrum chromatin in wheat background. We established the standard karyotype of 1[V.sup.b]-7[V.sup.b] chromosomes through nondenaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization (ND-FISH) technique using 28 oligonucleotide probes from the wheat - D. breviaristatum partial amphiploid TDH-2 (AABB[V.sup.b][V.sup.b]) and newly identified wheat - D. breviaristatum disomic translocation and addition lines D2138 (6[V.sup.b]S.2[V.sup.b]L), D2547 (4[V.sup.b]), and D2532 (3[V.sup.b]S.6[V.sup.b]L) by comparative molecular marker analysis. The ND-FISH with multiple oligo probes was conducted on the durum wheat - D. villosum amphiploid TDV-1 and large karyotype differences between D. breviaristatum and D. villosum was revealed. These ND-FISH probes will be valuable for screening the wheat - Dasypyrum derivative lines for chromosome identification, and the newly developed wheat - D. breviaristatum addition lines may broaden the gene pool of wheat breeding. The differences between D. villosum and D. breviaristatum chromosomes revealed by ND-FISH will help us understand evolutionary divergence of repetitive sequences within the genus Dasypyrum. Key words: Dasypyrum breviaristatum, Dasypyrum villosum, oligo probes, chromosome identification, ND-FISH. L'espece perenne Dasypyrum breviaristatum (genome [V.sup.b]) contient plusieurs genes potentiellement utiles pour l'amelioration genetique du ble tendre. La production d'un caryotype detaille des chromosomes du D. breviaristatum sera utile pour detecter la chromatine du Dasypyrum au sein d'un fond genetique de ble. Les auteurs ont etabli un caryotype standard pour les chromosomes 1[V.sup.b]-7[V.sup.b] via hybridation in situ en fluorescence en conditions non-denaturantes (ND-FISH) a l'aide de 28 sondes oligonucleotidiques. Ces analyses ont ete realisees sur la lignee TDH-2, un amphiploide partiel ble - D. breviaristatum (AABB[V.sup.b][V.sup.b]), ainsi que sur des lignees disomiques de translocation et d'addition [D2138 (6[V.sup.b]S.2[V.sup.b]L), D2547 (4[V.sup.b]) et D2532 (3[V.sup.b]S.6[V.sup.b]L)] nouvellement identifiees par analyse avec des marqueurs moleculaires. L'analyse ND-FISH avec de nombreuses sondes a ete realisee sur TDV-1, un amphiploide ble dur - D. villosum, et de grandes differences caryotypiques entre D. breviaristatum et D. villosum ont ete revelees. Ces sondes ND-FISH seront utiles pour l'identification des chromosomes chez des lignees derivees de croisements ble - Dasypyrum. Les lignees d'addition ble - D. breviaristatum nouvellement produites permettront d'elargir l'assise genetique pour l'amelioration genetique du ble. Les differences revelees par analyse ND-FISH entre les chromosomes du D. villosum et du D. breviaristatum aideront a mieux connaitre la divergence evolutive des sequences repetees au sein du genre Dasypyrum. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: Dasypyrum breviaristatum, Dasypyrum villosum, sondes oligonucleotidiques, identification des chromosomes, ND-FISH., Introduction The genus Dasypyrum contains two species, namely the annual D. villosum (L.) P. Candargy (2x = 2n = 14) and the perennial D. breviaristatum (L.) Frederiksen (2x = 2n [...]

The draining of brain interstitial fluid (ISF) to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the subsequent draining of CSF to meningeal lymphatics is well‐known. Nonetheless, its role in the development of glioma is a remarkable finding that has to be extensively understood. The glymphatic system (GS) collects CSF from the subarachnoid space and brain ISF through aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) water channels. The glial limiting membrane and the perivascular astrocyte‐end‐feet membrane both have elevated levels of AQP4. CSF is thought to drain through the nerve sheaths of the olfactory and other cranial nerves as well as spinal meningeal lymphatics via dorsal or basal lymphatic vessels. Meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) exist below the skull in the dorsal and basal regions. In this view, MLVs offer a pathway to drain macromolecules and traffic immunological cells from the CNS into cervical lymph nodes (CLNs), and thus can be used as a candidate curing strategy against glioma and other associated complications, such as neuro‐inflammation. Taken together, the lymphatic drainage system could provide a route or approach for drug targeting of glioma and other neurological conditions. Nevertheless, its pathophysiological role in glioma remains elusive, which needs extensive research. The current review aims to explore the lymphatic drainage system, its role in glioma progression, and possible therapeutic techniques that target MLVs in the CNS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To compare the diagnostic positive rate and complication rate between the electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) technique and computed tomography (CT)‐guided lung puncture for the biopsy of lung nodules located in the middle of an anatomic lung segment. Methods: Electronic medical records of 114 patients who underwent lung nodule biopsy between June 2021 and June 2022 were retrospectively evaluated. In all patients, the nodules were located in the middle third lung segment. To compare the diagnostic positive and complication rates between the two biopsy modalities performed in this lung region, clinical data, complication rates, nodule pathology, and imaging results were reviewed based on nodule characteristics retrieved from the electronic medical records. Results: Ninety‐three patients underwent CT‐guided lung puncture, while the remaining 21 patients underwent the ENB technique. No significant difference was observed in the diagnostic positive rate between the two groups (73.6 and 76.1%, respectively). In the CT‐guided lung puncture group, pneumothorax incidence, tube placement, postoperative hemorrhage, and symptomatic hemorrhage rates were 16.1, 6.5, 6.5, and 1.1%, respectively. In contrast, no complications occurred in the ENB group. Conclusions: The ENB technique is a safe and effective method for performing biopsies of pulmonary nodules with a diagnostic positive rate comparable to that of CT‐guided lung puncture and with a lower postoperative complication rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two improved analytical methods of calculations for natural frequencies and mode shapes of a uniform cantilever beam carrying a tip-mass under base excitation are presented based on forced vibration theory and the method of separation of variables, respectively. The cantilever model is simplified in detail by replacing the tip-mass with an equivalent inertial force and inertial moment acting at the free end of the cantilever based on D’Alembert’s principle. The concentrated equivalent inertial force and inertial moment are further represented as distributed loads using Dirac Delta Function. In this case, some typical natural frequencies and mode shapes of the cantilever model are calculated by the improved and unimproved analytical methods. The comparing results show that, after improvement, these two methods are in extremely good agreement with each other even the offset distance between the gravity center of the tip-mass and the attachment point is large. As further verification, the transient and steady displacement responses of the cantilever system under a sine base excitation are presented in which two improved methods are separately utilized. Finally, an experimental cantilever system is fabricated and the theoretical displacement responses are validated by the experimental measurements successfully.