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1. 3D Harmonic and Subharmonic Imaging for Characterizing Breast Lesions: A Multi-Center Clinical Trial.

Author

Forsberg, Flemming, Piccoli, Catherine, Sridharan, Anush, Wilkes, Annina, Sevrukov, Alexander, Mattrey, Robert, Machado, Priscilla, Stanczak, Maria, Merton, Daniel, Wallace, Kirk, Eisenbrey, John, and Ojeda-Fournier, Haydee

Subjects
3D ultrasound imaging, breast cancer, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, harmonic imaging, subharmonic imaging, Breast, Breast Neoplasms, Contrast Media, Female, Humans, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Prospective Studies, Ultrasonography, Ultrasonography, Doppler
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Breast cancer is the most frequent type of cancer among women. This multi-center study assessed the ability of 3D contrast-enhanced ultrasound to characterize suspicious breast lesions using clinical assessments and quantitative parameters. METHODS: Women with suspicious breast lesions scheduled for biopsy were enrolled in this prospective, study. Following 2D grayscale ultrasound and power Doppler imaging (PDI), a contrast agent (Definity; Lantheus) was administrated. Contrast-enhanced 3D harmonic imaging (HI; transmitting/receiving at 5.0/10.0 MHz), as well as 3D subharmonic imaging (SHI; transmitting/receiving at 5.8/2.9 MHz), were performed using a modified Logiq 9 scanner (GE Healthcare). Five radiologists independently scored the imaging modes (including standard-of-care imaging) using a 7-point BIRADS scale as well as lesion vascularity and diagnostic confidence. Parametric volumes were constructed from time-intensity curves for vascular heterogeneity, perfusion, and area under the curve. Diagnostic accuracy was determined relative to pathology using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and reverse, step-wise logistical regression analyses. The κ-statistic was calculated for inter-reader agreement. RESULTS: Data were successfully acquired in 219 cases and biopsies indicated 164 (75%) benign and 55 (25%) malignant lesions. SHI depicted more anastomoses and vascularity than HI (P  .27). Ultrasound achieved accuracies of 82 to 85%, which was significantly better than standard-of-care imaging (72%; P

Published
2022

2. Stimulation of the hepatoportal nerve plexus with focused ultrasound restores glucose homoeostasis in diabetic mice, rats and swine

Author

Cotero, Victoria, Graf, John, Miwa, Hiromi, Hirschstein, Zall, Qanud, Khaled, Huerta, Tomás S, Tai, Ningwen, Ding, Yuyan, Jimenez-Cowell, Kevin, Tomaio, Jacquelyn N, Song, Weiguo, Devarajan, Alex, Tsaava, Tea, Madhavan, Radhika, Wallace, Kirk, Loghin, Evelina, Morton, Christine, Fan, Ying, Kao, Tzu-Jen, Akhtar, Kainat, Damaraju, Meghana, Barenboim, Linda, Maietta, Teresa, Ashe, Jeffrey, Tracey, Kevin J, Coleman, Thomas R, Di Carlo, Dino, Shin, Damian, Zanos, Stavros, Chavan, Sangeeta S, Herzog, Raimund I, and Puleo, Chris

Subjects
Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Nutrition, Neurosciences, Diabetes, Digestive Diseases, Liver Disease, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Metabolic and endocrine, Animals, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental, Glucose, Homeostasis, Hypothalamus, Liver, Mice, Rats, Swine, Biomedical engineering
Abstract

Peripheral neurons that sense glucose relay signals of glucose availability to integrative clusters of neurons in the brain. However, the roles of such signalling pathways in the maintenance of glucose homoeostasis and their contribution to disease are unknown. Here we show that the selective activation of the nerve plexus of the hepatic portal system via peripheral focused ultrasound stimulation (pFUS) improves glucose homoeostasis in mice and rats with insulin-resistant diabetes and in swine subject to hyperinsulinemic-euglycaemic clamps. pFUS modulated the activity of sensory projections to the hypothalamus, altered the concentrations of metabolism-regulating neurotransmitters, and enhanced glucose tolerance and utilization in the three species, whereas physical transection or chemical blocking of the liver-brain nerve pathway abolished the effect of pFUS on glucose tolerance. Longitudinal multi-omic profiling of metabolic tissues from the treated animals confirmed pFUS-induced modifications of key metabolic functions in liver, pancreas, muscle, adipose, kidney and intestinal tissues. Non-invasive ultrasound activation of afferent autonomic nerves may represent a non-pharmacologic therapy for the restoration of glucose homoeostasis in type-2 diabetes and other metabolic diseases.

Published
2022

3. Characterizing Breast Lesions Using Quantitative Parametric 3D Subharmonic Imaging: A Multicenter Study

Author

Sridharan, Anush, Eisenbrey, John R, Stanczak, Maria, Machado, Priscilla, Merton, Daniel A, Wilkes, Annina, Sevrukov, Alexander, Ojeda-Fournier, Haydee, Mattrey, Robert F, Wallace, Kirk, and Forsberg, Flemming

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer, Biomedical Imaging, Breast Cancer, 4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies, Detection, screening and diagnosis, Breast Neoplasms, Contrast Media, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Ultrasonography, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Breast cancer, Contrast-enhanced ultrasound, Subharmonic imaging, Ultrasound contrast agents, Clinical Sciences, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging, Clinical sciences
Abstract

Rationale and objectivesBreast cancer is the leading type of cancer among women. Visualization and characterization of breast lesions based on vascularity kinetics was evaluated using three-dimensional (3D) contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging in a clinical study.Materials and methodsBreast lesions (n = 219) were imaged using power Doppler imaging (PDI), 3D contrast-enhanced harmonic imaging (HI), and 3D contrast-enhanced subharmonic imaging (SHI) with a modified Logiq 9 ultrasound scanner using a 4D10L transducer. Quantitative metrics of vascularity derived from 3D parametric volumes (based on contrast perfusion; PER and area under the curve; AUC) were generated by off-line processing of contrast wash-in and wash-out. Diagnostic accuracy of these quantitative vascular parameters was assessed with biopsy results as the reference standard.ResultsVascularity was observed with PDI in 93 lesions (69 benign and 24 malignant), 3D HI in 8 lesions (5 benign and 3 malignant), and 3D SHI in 83 lesions (58 benign and 25 malignant). Diagnostic accuracy for vascular heterogeneity, PER, and AUC ranged from 0.52 to 0.75, while the best logistical regression model (vascular heterogeneity ratio, central PER, and central AUC) reached 0.90.Conclusion3D SHI successfully detects contrast agent flow in breast lesions and characterization of these lesions based on quantitative measures of vascular heterogeneity and 3D parametric volumes is promising.

Published
2020

7. Investigation of liver-targeted peripheral Focused Ultrasound Stimulation (pFUS) and its effect on glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a proof of concept, Phase 1 Trial

Author

Ashe, Jeffrey, primary, Graf, John, additional, Madhavan, Radhika, additional, Wallace, Kirk, additional, Cotero, Victoria, additional, Abate, Samantha, additional, Pandey, Ram Krishna, additional, Herzog, Raimund, additional, Narayan, Porindla Sridhar, additional, Shoudy, David, additional, Fan, Ying, additional, Kao, Tzu-Jen, additional, and Puleo, Chris, additional

Published
2023
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8. Noninvasive sub-organ ultrasound stimulation for targeted neuromodulation

Author

Cotero, Victoria, Fan, Ying, Tsaava, Tea, Kressel, Adam M., Hancu, Ileana, Fitzgerald, Paul, Wallace, Kirk, Kaanumalle, Sireesha, Graf, John, Rigby, Wayne, Kao, Tzu-Jen, Roberts, Jeanette, Bhushan, Chitresh, Joel, Suresh, Coleman, Thomas R., Zanos, Stavros, Tracey, Kevin J., Ashe, Jeffrey, Chavan, Sangeeta S., and Puleo, Christopher

Published
2019
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12. Automatic Hemorrhage Detection From Color Doppler Ultrasound Using a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)-Based Anomaly Detection Method

Author

Mitra, Jhimli, primary, Qiu, Jianwei, additional, MacDonald, Michael, additional, Venugopal, Prem, additional, Wallace, Kirk, additional, Abdou, Hossam, additional, Richmond, Michael, additional, Elansary, Noha, additional, Edwards, Joseph, additional, Patel, Neerav, additional, Morrison, Jonathan, additional, and Marinelli, Luca, additional

Published
2022
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14. Selecting the optimal parameters for sonoporation of pancreatic cancer in a pre-clinical model

Author

Schultz, Christopher W., primary, Ruiz de Garibay, Gorka, additional, Langer, Anika, additional, Liu, Ji-Bin, additional, Dhir, Teena, additional, Leitch, Calum, additional, Wessner, Corinne E., additional, Mayoral, Mireia, additional, Zhang, Bo, additional, Popa, Mihaela, additional, Huang, Chunwang, additional, Kotopoulis, Spiros, additional, Luo, Xianghong, additional, Zhen, Yanhua, additional, Niu, Sihua, additional, Torkzaban, Mehnoosh, additional, Wallace, Kirk, additional, Eisenbrey, John R., additional, Brody, Jonathan R., additional, McCormack, Emmet, additional, and Forsberg, Flemming, additional

Published
2021
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15. Sensitive ultrasonic delineation of steroid treatment in living dystrophic mice with energy-based and entropy-based radio frequency signal processing

Author

Wallace, Kirk D., Marsh, Jon N., Baldwin, Steven L., Connolly, Anne M., Keeling,Richard, Lanza, Gregory M., Wickline,Samuel A., and Hughes, Michael S.

Subjects
Duchenne muscular dystrophy -- Research, Diagnosis, Ultrasonic -- Equipment and supplies, Diagnosis, Ultrasonic -- Usage, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

The capability of energy and entropy metrics of radio-frequency ultrasonic backscatter is validated and quantified for differentiation among normal, dystrophic and steroid-treated muscle in the mdx model. Results suggest the delineation of both treated and untreated-mdx biceps from normal controls.

Published
2007

16. Ultrasonic detection of the anisotropy of protein cross linking in myocardium at diagnostic frequencies

Author

Baldwin, Steven L., Min Yang, Marutyan, Karen R., Wallace, Kirk D., Holland, Mark R., and Miller, James G.

Subjects
Cardiomyopathy -- Causes of, Heart diseases -- Causes of, Ultrasound imaging -- Usage, Proteins -- Crosslinking, Proteins -- Research, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

Study is conducted to show the effects of increased protein cross linking on myocardial attenuation by ultrasound. The results show that ultrasonic attenuation may provide an approach for monitoring myocardial disease associated with changes in protein cross linking.

Published
2007

17. Characterization of Adnexal Masses Using Contrast-Enhanced Subharmonic Imaging: A Pilot Study.

Author

Delaney, Lauren J., Machado, Priscilla, Torkzaban, Mehnoosh, Lyshchik, Andrej, Wessner, Corinne, Kim, MD, Christine H., Rosenblum, Norman G, Richard, Scott D., Wallace, Kirk, Forsberg, Flemming, Delaney, Lauren J., Machado, Priscilla, Torkzaban, Mehnoosh, Lyshchik, Andrej, Wessner, Corinne, Kim, MD, Christine H., Rosenblum, Norman G, Richard, Scott D., Wallace, Kirk, and Forsberg, Flemming

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: This pilot study evaluated whether contrast-enhanced subharmonic imaging (SHI) could be used to characterize adnexal masses before surgical intervention. METHODS: Ten women (with 12 lesions) scheduled for surgery of an ovarian mass underwent an SHI examination of their adnexal region using a modified LOGIQ E9 scanner (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI) with an endocavitary transducer, in which digital clips were acquired by pulse destruction-replenishment SHI across the lesions. Time-intensity curves were created offline to quantitatively evaluate SHI parameters (fractional tumor perfusion, peak contrast intensity, time to peak contrast enhancement, and area under the time-intensity curve), which were compared to pathologic characterizations of the lesions. RESULTS: Of the 12 masses, 8 were benign, and 4 were malignant. A qualitative analysis of the SHI images by an experienced radiologist resulted in diagnostic accuracy of 70%, compared to 56% without contrast, whereas an inexperienced radiologist improved from 50% to 58% accuracy, demonstrating the benefit of SHI. A quantitative analysis of SHI parameters produced diagnostic accuracy as high as 81%. Peak contrast intensity was significantly greater in malignant than benign masses (mean ± SD, 0.109 ± 0.088 versus 0.046 ± 0.030 arbitrary units; P = .046). Malignant masses also showed significantly greater perfusion than benign masses (24.79% ± 25.34% versus 7.62% ± 6.50%; P = .045). When the radiologist reads were combined with the most predictive quantitative SHI parameter (percent perfusion), diagnostic accuracy improved to 84% for the experienced radiologist and 96% for the novice radiologist. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that SHI for presurgical characterization of adnexal masses may improve the determination of malignancy and diagnostic accuracy, albeit based on a small sample size.

Published
2020

18. Diagnosing Portal Hypertension with Noninvasive Subharmonic Pressure Estimates from a US Contrast Agent

Author

Gupta, Ipshita, primary, Eisenbrey, John R., additional, Machado, Priscilla, additional, Stanczak, Maria, additional, Wessner, Corinne E., additional, Shaw, Colette M., additional, Gummadi, Sriharsha, additional, Fenkel, Jonathan M., additional, Tan, Alison, additional, Miller, Cynthia, additional, Parent, Julia, additional, Schultz, Susan, additional, Soulen, Michael C., additional, Sehgal, Chandra M., additional, Wallace, Kirk, additional, and Forsberg, Flemming, additional

Published
2021
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19. Spatial coherence of backscatter for the nonlinearly produced second harmonic for specific transmit apodization

Author

Fedewa, Russell J., Wallace, Kirk D., Holland, Mark R., Jago, James R., Ng, Gary C., Rielly, Matthew R., Roginson, Brent S., and Miller, James G.

Subjects
Ultrasonics -- Research, Ultrasonics -- Properties, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

The effect of changing the transmit apodization on the spatial coherence of backscatter for the nonlinearly generated second harmonic was determined in this study. It was observed that certain transmit apodization results in a greater spatial coherence of backscatter at the second harmonic than at the fundamental.

Published
2004

20. Spatial coherence of the nonlinearly generated second harmonic portion of backscatter for a clinical imaging system

Author

Fedewa, Russell J., Wallace, Kirk D., Holland, Mark R., Jago, James R., Ng, Gary C., Rielly, Matthew R., Robinson, Brent S., and Miller, James G.

Subjects
Ultrasonics in medicine -- Research, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

It is shown that the spatial coherence of backscatter for the nonlinearly generated second harmonic differs from the spatial coherence of backscatter for the fundamental. The application of the pulse-echo version of the Van Cittert-Zernike theorem is extended to the nonlinearly generated second harmonic.

Published
2003

22. Eye Gaze Patterns Associated with Aggressive Tendencies in Adolescence

Author

Laue, Cameron, Griffey, Marcus, Lin, Ping I., Wallace, Kirk, van der Schoot, Menno, Horn, Paul, Pedapati, Ernest, Barzman, Drew, Laue, Cameron, Griffey, Marcus, Lin, Ping I., Wallace, Kirk, van der Schoot, Menno, Horn, Paul, Pedapati, Ernest, and Barzman, Drew

Abstract

Social information processing theory hypothesizes that aggressive children pay more attention to cues of hostility and threat in others’ behavior, consequently leading to over-interpretation of others’ behavior as hostile. While there is abundant evidence of aggressive children demonstrating hostile attribution biases, less well documented is whether such biases stem from over-attendance and hypersensitivity to hostile cues in social situations. Over-attendance to hostile cues would be typified by deviations at any stage of the multi-stage process of social information processing models. While deviations at later stages in social information processing models are associated with aggressive behavior in children, the initial step of encoding has historically been difficult to empirically measure, being a low level automatic process unsuitable for self-report. We employed eye-tracking methodologies to better understand the visual encoding of such social information. Eye movements of ten 13–18 year-old children referred from clinical and non-clinical populations were recorded in real time while the children viewed scenarios varying between hostile, non-hostile and ambiguous social provocation. In addition, the children completed a brief measure of risk of aggression. Aggressive children did attend more to the social scenarios with hostile cues, in particular attending longest to those hostile scenarios where the actor in the scenario had a congruent emotional response. These findings corroborate social information processing theory and the traditional bottom-up processing hypotheses that aggressive behavior relates to increased attention to hostile cues.

Published
2018
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23. Effect of Pulse Shaping on Subharmonic Aided Pressure Estimation In Vitro and In Vivo.

Author

Gupta, Ipshita, Eisenbrey, John R., Stanczak, Maria, Sridharan, Anush, Dave, Jaydev K., Liu, Ji-Bin, Hazard, Christopher, Wang, Xinghua, Wang, Ping, Li, Huiwen, Wallace, Kirk, Forsberg, Flemming, Gupta, Ipshita, Eisenbrey, John R., Stanczak, Maria, Sridharan, Anush, Dave, Jaydev K., Liu, Ji-Bin, Hazard, Christopher, Wang, Xinghua, Wang, Ping, Li, Huiwen, Wallace, Kirk, and Forsberg, Flemming

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Subharmonic imaging (SHI) is a technique that uses the nonlinear oscillations of microbubbles when exposed to ultrasound at high pressures transmitting at the fundamental frequency ie, f METHODS: Eight waveforms with different envelopes were optimized with respect to acoustic power at which the SHAPE study is most sensitive. The study was run with four input transmit cycles, first in vitro and then in vivo in three canines to select the waveform that achieved the best sensitivity for detecting changes in portal pressures using SHAPE. A Logiq 9 scanner with a 4C curvi-linear array was used to acquire 2.5 MHz radio-frequency data. Scanning was performed in dual imaging mode with B-mode imaging at 4 MHz and a SHI contrast mode transmitting at 2.5 MHz and receiving at 1.25 MHz. Sonazoid, which is a lipid stabilized gas filled bubble of perfluorobutane, was used as the contrast agent in this study. RESULTS: A linear decrease in subharmonic amplitude with increased pressure was observed for all waveforms (r from -0.77 to -0.93; P < .001) in vitro. There was a significantly higher correlation of the SHAPE gradient with changing pressures for the broadband pulses as compared to the narrowband pulses in both in vitro and in vivo results. The highest correlation was achieved with a Gaussian windowed binomial filtered square wave with an r-value of -0.95. One of the three canines was eliminated for technical reasons, while the other two produced very similar results to those obtained in vitro (r from -0.72 to -0.98; P CONCLUSIONS: Using this waveform is an improvement to the existing SHAPE technique (where a square wave was used) and should make SHAPE more sensitive for noninvasively determining portal hypertension.

Published
2017

24. Perfusion estimation using contrast enhanced three-dimensional subharmonic ultrasound imaging: an in vivo study

Author

Sridharan, Anush, Eisenbrey, John R., Liu, Ji-Bin, Machado, Priscilla, Halldorsdottir, Valgerdur G., Dave, Jaydev K., Zhao, Hongjia, He, Yu, Park, Suhyun, Dianis, Scott, Wallace, Kirk, Thomenius, Kai E., and Forsberg, Flemming

Subjects
Fluorocarbons, Perfusion Imaging, Contrast Media, Reproducibility of Results, Image Enhancement, Sensitivity and Specificity, Article, Renal Circulation, Dogs, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Renal Artery, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Animals, Algorithms, Blood Flow Velocity, Ultrasonography
Abstract

The ability to estimate tissue perfusion (in milliliter per minute per gram) in vivo using contrast-enhanced 3-dimensional (3D) harmonic and subharmonic ultrasound imaging was investigated.A LOGIQ™ 9 scanner (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI) equipped with a 4D10L probe was modified to perform 3D harmonic imaging (HI; f(transmit), 5 MHz and f(receive), 10 MHz) and subharmonic imaging (SHI; f(transmit), 5.8 MHz and f(receive), 2.9 MHz). In vivo imaging was performed in the lower pole of both kidneys in 5 open-abdomen canines after injection of the ultrasound contrast agent (UCA) Definity (Lantheus Medical Imaging, N Billerica, MA). The canines received a 5-μL/kg bolus injection of Definity for HI and a 20-μL/kg bolus for SHI in triplicate for each kidney. Ultrasound data acquisition was started just before the injection of UCA (to capture the wash-in) and continued until washout. A microvascular staining technique based on stable (nonradioactive) isotope-labeled microspheres (Biophysics Assay Laboratory, Inc, Worcester, MA) was used to quantify the degree of perfusion in each kidney (the reference standard). Ligating a surgically exposed branch of the renal arteries induced lower perfusion rates. This was followed by additional contrast-enhanced imaging and microsphere injections to measure post-ligation perfusion. Slice data were extracted from the 3D ultrasound volumes and used to generate time-intensity curves offline in the regions corresponding to the tissue samples used for microvascular staining. The midline plane was also selected from the 3D volume (as a quasi-2-dimensional [2D] image) and compared with the 3D imaging modes. Perfusion was estimated from the initial slope of the fractional blood volume uptake (for both HI and SHI) and compared with the reference standard using linear regression analysis.Both 3D HI and SHI were able to provide visualization of flow and, thus, perfusion in the kidneys. However, SHI provided near-complete tissue suppression and improved visualization of the UCA flow. Microsphere perfusion data were available for 4 canines (1 was excluded because of an error with the reference blood sample) and showed a mean (SD) perfusion of 9.30 (6.60) and 5.15 (3.42) mL/min per gram before and after the ligation, respectively. The reference standard showed significant correlation with the overall 3D HI perfusion estimates (r = 0.38; P = 0.007), but it correlated more strongly with 3D SHI (r = 0.62; P0.001). In addition, these results showed an improvement over the quasi-2D HI and SHI perfusion estimates (r = -0.05 and r = 0.14) and 2D SHI perfusion estimates previously reported by our group (r = 0.57).In this preliminary study, 3D contrast-enhanced nonlinear ultrasound was able to quantify perfusion in vivo. Three-dimensional SHI resulted in better overall agreement with the reference standard than 3D HI did and was superior to previously reported 2D SHI results. Three-dimensional SHI outperforms the other methods for estimating blood perfusion because of the improved visualization of the complete perfused vascular networks.

Published
2013

25. 3D Subharmonic Ultrasound Imaging In Vitro and In Vivo

Author

Eisenbrey, John R., Sridharan, Anush, Machado, Priscilla, Zhao, Hongjia, Halldorsdottir, Valgerdur G., Dave, Jaydev K., Liu, Ji-Bin, Park, Suhyun, Dianis, Scott, Wallace, Kirk, Thomenius, Kai E., and Forsberg, F.

Subjects
Dogs, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Renal Artery, Phantoms, Imaging, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Animals, Reproducibility of Results, Image Enhancement, Sensitivity and Specificity, Article, Algorithms, Ultrasonography
Abstract

Although contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging techniques such as harmonic imaging (HI) have evolved to reduce tissue signals using the nonlinear properties of the contrast agent, levels of background suppression have been mixed. Subharmonic imaging (SHI) offers near complete tissue suppression by centering the receive bandwidth at half the transmitting frequency. The aims of this study were to demonstrate the feasibility of three-dimensional (3D) SHI and to compare it to 3D HI.Three-dimensional HI and SHI were implemented on a Logiq 9 ultrasound scanner with a 4D10L probe. Four-cycle SHI was implemented to transmit at 5.8 MHz and receive at 2.9 MHz, while two-cycle HI was implemented to transmit at 5 MHz and receive at 10 MHz. The ultrasound contrast agent Definity was imaged within a flow phantom and the lower pole of two canine kidneys in both HI and SHI modes. Contrast-to-tissue ratios and rendered images were compared offline.SHI resulted in significant improvement in contrast-to-tissue ratios relative to HI both in vitro (12.11 ± 0.52 vs 2.67 ± 0.77, P.001) and in vivo (5.74 ± 1.92 vs 2.40 ± 0.48, P = .04). Rendered 3D subharmonic images provided better tissue suppression and a greater overall view of vessels in a flow phantom and canine renal vasculature.The successful implementation of SHI in 3D allows imaging of vascular networks over a heterogeneous sample volume and should improve future diagnostic accuracy. Additionally, 3D SHI provides improved contrast-to-tissue ratios relative to 3D HI.

Published
2012

27. Quantitative analysis of vascular heterogeneity in breast lesions using contrast-enhanced 3-D harmonic and subharmonic ultrasound imaging

Author

Sridharan, Anush, primary, Eisenbrey, John R., additional, Machado, Priscilla, additional, Ojeda-Fournier, Haydee, additional, Wilkes, Annina, additional, Sevrukov, Alexander, additional, Mattrey, Robert F., additional, Wallace, Kirk, additional, Chalek, Carl L., additional, Thomenius, Kai E., additional, and Forsberg, Flemming, additional

Published
2015
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28. Abstract 17471: 3D Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) Imaging of Carotid Artery Plaques and Intra-plaque Angiogenesis

Author

Gourineni, Venu, primary, Saha, Sandeep, additional, Cao, Kunlin, additional, Jin, Jing, additional, Dentinger, Aaron M, additional, Mills, David M, additional, Padfield, Dirk R, additional, Wallace, Kirk D, additional, Reddy, Vijaya, additional, Shur, Boris M, additional, Yamout, Frank, additional, McCarthy, Walter, additional, March, Robert, additional, Jacobs, Chad, additional, Liuzzo, Adele, additional, Goldin, Marshall, additional, Adam, Dan, additional, and Feinstein, Steven, additional

Published
2014
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48. Targeted acoustic contrast agents: New opportunities for ultrasound in medical diagnosis and therapy

Author

Lanza, Gregory M., primary, Wallace, Kirk D., additional, Trousil, Rebecca L., additional, Miller, James G., additional, Rose, James H., additional, Gaffney, Patrick J., additional, Abendschein, Dana R., additional, Hall, Christopher S., additional, Scott, Michael J., additional, Lorenz, Christine A., additional, Fuhrhop, Ralph, additional, and Wickline, Samuel A., additional

Published
1998
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