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A 47-year-old white man presented for evaluation of a complex right renal mass. He had a history of human immunodeficiency virus. Cervical lymph node biopsy had revealed small lymphocytic lymphoma. Computed tomographic scan disclosed diffuse mesenteric and retroperitoneal adenopathy consistent with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, as well as a 4.5-cm complex cystic right renal mass, which 17 months later enlarged to 6.2 cm. The mass resembled multiloculated cystic nephroma. Partial nephrectomy revealed infiltration of the cyst wall by small lymphocytic lymphoma. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of lymphoma arising in or colonizing a renal cyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Secondary retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) due to pelvic radiation alone or together with pelvic surgery is one of the causes of obstructive renal failure. Ureteral obstruction is caused by ischemic stricture and encasement by fibrotic tissue. Endo-ureterotomy alone, without vascular supply, is not successful in these cases., Material and Methods: We present eleven cases of ureteral obstruction due to radiation and surgery induced RPF. Seven patients had radiation therapy with or without radical hysterectomy and three patients had anterior resection of the rectum with pre-emptive radiation and one patient had anal cancer treated with local excision and radiation therapy. Nine of the eleven patients had bilateral ureteral obstruction. Open ('intubated') stented ureterotomy and omental sleeve wrap was performed. In one patient, Boari flap ureteroneocystostomy was necessary., Results: Of the eleven patients (twenty renal units) we succeeded in nine patients (eighteen renal units). In two patients with bilateral ureteral obstruction, we were able to reestablish ureteral patency in only one renal unit each., Conclusions: Ureterolysis with ureterotomy and omental sleeve wrap is a valid surgical approach for alleviation of ureteral ischemic obstruction due to secondary retroperitoneal fibrosis caused by radiation alone or together with pelvic surgery., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright by Polish Urological Association.)

Background: Radical cystectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection is the standard treatment for patients with invasive bladder cancer. However, many alternative techniques to spare the bladder have been investigated., Methods: We review the experience reported in the literature on bladder-sparing techniques, including transurethral resection, chemotherapy, and radiation for muscle-invasive disease., Results: Most comparative studies indicate that local recurrence and survival outcomes for bladder-sparing approaches are inferior to those from radical cystectomy to control muscle-invasive bladder cancer., Conclusions: Although molecular biologic techniques may have the capacity to identify a subgroup who may benefit from a bladder-sparing approach, cystectomy is normally required for optimal results.