Search

Neuromuscular warm-up positively affects motor abilities and muscle performance. The purpose of the study was to extend the knowledge about the effect of neuromuscular warm-up on the level of muscle contractility in female football players. The research sample consisted of experimental (EG, n=20) and control (CG, n=16) groups of female football players. The intervention lasted 12 weeks. The neuromuscular warm-up was implemented in the experimental group, while the control group performed a standard warm-up. Muscle contractility was assessed in dominant (DLE) and non-dominant (NDL) legs using Tensiomyograph (TMG-S2) (TMGBMC Ltd., Ljubljana, Slovenia, 2011) with emphasis on m.biceps femoris, m.gastrocnemius medialis, m.gluteus maximus, m.vastus lateralis, and m.vastus medialis. Muscle contractility was assessed with an emphasis on contraction velocity (Vc). Wilcoxon test was used to determine significant differences. After the intervention, there was a significant improvement in the contraction velocity of m. vastus lateralis DLE (p=0.040, r=0.342) and m. vastus medialis NDL (p=0.048, r=0.330). In contrast to these findings, when the standard warm-up was applied, a significant improvement was observed in the contraction velocity of m. vastus medialis NDL (p=0.011, r=0.422). Additionally, there was a decrease in the contraction velocity of m. biceps femoris, m. gastrocnemius medialis, and m. vastus lateralis in both dominant and non-dominant legs, though the decrease was not significant. Based on the results, it is concluded that NMT warm-up significantly improved the contraction velocity in specific muscles (m. vastus lateralis DLE and m. vastus medialis NDL) in the experimental group. However, the effects on other muscles were not as pronounced, and the standard warm-up showed different results. Therefore, NMT warm-up has an impact on muscle contraction velocity, but the extent and consistency of this effect vary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Sport & Exercise / Türk Spor ve Egzersiz Dergisi is the property of Turkish Journal of Sport & Exercise and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: There is a lack of specific genetic studies regarding injuries in women's football. However, different genetic factors have been associated with tendon/ligament injuries in women football players. The aim of the study was to examine the genotypic frequencies of genes associated with injury risk and epidemiology in women's amateur football players and the aetiology of injuries. Methods: In total, 168 women's amateur football players from football clubs in the Spanish second division league and Caucasian descent were enrolled in this prospective observational cross-sectional study. AMPD1 (rs17602729), ACE (rs4646994), ACTN3 (rs1815739), CKM (rs8111989) and MLCK (rs2849757 and rs2700352) polymorphisms were genotyped. The characteristics of 169 non-contact injuries during the 2022/2023 season were classified following the International Olympic Committee (IOC) Consensus Statement for reporting injuries as follows: musculoskeletal, tendon/ligament, injury setting; and severity. The disequilibria of polymorphisms were estimated using the Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE). The characteristics of the injuries were recorded, and the genotype characteristics were analysed. The genotype frequencies of all polymorphisms were compared between non-injured and injured football players and injury aetiologies. Results: The AMPD1 genotype distribution differed between tendon/ligament injured and non-injured (p = 0.003) with a higher frequency in the TT genotype and T allele. The genotype distribution was different for the CKM and MLCK c.37885C>A polymorphisms in training and match injuries (p = 0.038 and p = 0.031, respectively). In the ACTN3 and AMPD1 polymorphisms, the distribution of the TT genotype in both genes showed a higher frequency in severe injuries (all p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tendon/ligament injury epidemiology in women's amateur football players was associated especially with the TT genotype of the AMPD1 gene. The TT genotype of the AMPD1 and ACTN3 genes was also associated with severity, and the CKM and MLCK polymorphisms were associated with injury settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is a lack of specific genetic studies regarding injuries in women’s football. However, different genetic factors have been associated with tendon/ligament injuries in women football players. The aim of the study was to examine the genotypic frequencies of genes associated with injury risk and epidemiology in women’s amateur football players and the aetiology of injuries. Methods: In total, 168 women’s amateur football players from football clubs in the Spanish second division league and Caucasian descent were enrolled in this prospective observational cross-sectional study. AMPD1 (rs17602729), ACE (rs4646994), ACTN3 (rs1815739), CKM (rs8111989) and MLCK (rs2849757 and rs2700352) polymorphisms were genotyped. The characteristics of 169 non-contact injuries during the 2022/2023 season were classified following the International Olympic Committee (IOC) Consensus Statement for reporting injuries as follows: musculoskeletal, tendon/ligament, injury setting; and severity. The disequilibria of polymorphisms were estimated using the Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE). The characteristics of the injuries were recorded, and the genotype characteristics were analysed. The genotype frequencies of all polymorphisms were compared between non-injured and injured football players and injury aetiologies. Results: The AMPD1 genotype distribution differed between tendon/ligament injured and non-injured (p = 0.003) with a higher frequency in the TT genotype and T allele. The genotype distribution was different for the CKM and MLCK c.37885C>A polymorphisms in training and match injuries (p = 0.038 and p = 0.031, respectively). In the ACTN3 and AMPD1 polymorphisms, the distribution of the TT genotype in both genes showed a higher frequency in severe injuries (all p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tendon/ligament injury epidemiology in women’s amateur football players was associated especially with the TT genotype of the AMPD1 gene. The TT genotype of the AMPD1 and ACTN3 genes was also associated with severity, and the CKM and MLCK polymorphisms were associated with injury settings.

• A 7-step intervention-development process, incorporating a partnership with the sport's governing organisation and a focus on engaging program implementers, was applied to create Prep to Play PRO, the first injury-prevention program for women playing elite Australian football. • Critical stakeholders across multiple socioecological levels provided varied perspectives to guide Prep to Play's development and implementation strategy in the elite Australian Football League for Women. • Prep to Play PRO is a flexible, dynamic injury-prevention strategy that is integrated into each training session. • Prep to Play PRO is evidence-informed and context-specific and includes 5 stand-alone components (movement skills, football-specific preparation, education, strength and conditioning, and individual preparation). Developing context-specific, evidence-informed, and implementable injury-prevention programs is challenging. Women playing in the elite Australian Football League for Women are at high risk of serious knee injuries, and no specific injury-prevention program exists. The objective of the study was to describe the collaborative process used to create a context-specific injury-prevention program. A previously used intervention-development process was modified to incorporate a partnership with the sport's governing organization and focus on engaging program implementers. The Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation and Maintenance (RE-AIM) Sports Setting Matrix guided program development and implementation strategies. The 7-step process, aligned with the RE-AIM Sports Setting Matrix, was applied to develop the injury-prevention program and was titled Prep to Play PRO. The steps were: (Step 1) gaining organizational support and establishing a project partnership; (Step 2) using research evidence and clinical experience; (Step 3) consulting content and context experts; (Step 4) engaging the organization, experts, program implementers, and end-users to concreate the intervention and develop implementation strategies; (Step 5) testing the intervention acceptability and feasibility; (Step 6) evaluating the intervention and implementation strategies against theory; and (Step 7) obtaining feedback from early implementers and end-users. Engaging critical stakeholders at multiple ecological levels (organization, team, and athlete) throughout program development and implementation planning support real-world use. The processes and activities described can guide future sports injury-prevention program development and implementation. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Movimento (0104754X) is the property of Movimento, da Escola de Educacao, Fisica, Fisioterapia e Danca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Movimento (0104754X) is the property of Movimento, da Escola de Educacao, Fisica, Fisioterapia e Danca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Women’s football in Romania has many unaddressed issues that, with due attention, can contribute to increasing the efficiency and quality of this sport, a necessity felt especially on the occasion of international competitions. The purpose of the present research is to examine the technical-tactical level (certain technical procedures and technical-tactical actions) of the women’s national football team by comparing it mainly with the Italian team (ranked first) and the Republic of Moldova team (ranked last) in the qualification campaign for the 2023 FIFA Women’s World Cup. The investigated technical and tactical parameters were provided by the Wyscout platform. Using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test, we aimed to identify the existence of significant differences between the results obtained by the six football teams in Group G (Romania, Switzerland, Italy, Republic of Moldova, Croatia and Lithuania) in the matches played in both the first half and the second half of the championship, with a view to the following technical indicators: number of fouls committed, fouls received, possession, successful passes, duels won, aerial duels won and sliding tackles. To identify possible significant differences between the six groups (women’s football teams) analysed two by two for the mentioned indicators, the Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner (DSCF) pairwise comparison test was used. The results of the present study can be used by female football players and football coaches to raise awareness on the dynamics of the game and the technical-tactical elements used by successful women’s football teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Being injured is inherent to participating in football activities; therefore, prevention of injuries is crucial. This requires that the risk factors for injury be established. However, such studies are rarely conducted in women athletes in Africa. The study's aim was to explore intrinsic risk factors for injury among African women football players using functional and musculoskeletal assessments. Participants (n = 40) completed demographic questionnaires; upper and lower limb active range of motion (ARO M); muscle endurance and functional movement screening (FMS™) assessed. Median age [Q1; Q3] was 24 [20; 27] years. Participants performed 20.5 [0; 30.5] push-ups and 28 squats [30; 38] in 60s; and held the prone elbow plank for 46.2s [30.6; 64.5]. Median FMS™ score was 12 [10; 13]; most players (n = 27, 68%) could not execute a proper deep squat. Most players (70%; n = 28), were able to properly perform the in line lunge but scored poorly in the shoulder mobility domain of the FMS™, with 73% (n = 29) scoring ≤1. Players with a history of injury had lower FMS™ total (p = 0.02). Overall, participants presented with low muscle endurance and movement imbalances, which might predispose them to injury. Hence, strength and conditioning measures should be instituted in this population to prevent injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Movimento (0104754X) is the property of Movimento, da Escola de Educacao, Fisica, Fisioterapia e Danca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Movimento (0104754X) is the property of Movimento, da Escola de Educacao, Fisica, Fisioterapia e Danca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: There is a lack of descriptive data available regarding the characteristics of female soccer players from the African continent or the Arab world. Objective: This study investigated the anthropometric and physical fitness profiles of Tunisian female soccer players in relation to field position. Methods: In all, 75 Tunisian sub-elite female soccer players, with an average of 4.3 ± 1.6 years of playing experience, including goalkeepers (GK; n = 11), central defenders (CD; n = 13), external defenders (ED; n = 15), central midfielders (CM; n = 10), external midfielders (EM; n = 14), and attackers (AT; n = 12), underwent anthropometric evaluations (body height, body mass, and body fat percentage) and physical fitness tests (flexibility, countermovement jump [CMJ], 20-m sprint, and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 [YoYoIR1]). Results: GK had significantly higher body mass (67.3 ± 2.4 kg), body height (169.3 ± 1.7 m) and fat percentage (24 ± 2.6%) compared to all field positions. AT were significantly faster (3.64 ± 0.10 s) than GK (3.75 ± 0.09 s) in the 20-m sprint (p < .01), but there were no significant differences among the other field positions. GK had a significantly lower Yo-YoIR1 performance (625 ± 84 m) than other field position players (p < .001), but no significant difference was found among other field positions. GK and AT showed significantly better CMJ performance (GK: 31.3 ± 2.6 cm, AT: 30.4 ± 2.4 cm) compared to other groups. GK had higher flexibility (21.6 ± 2.7 cm in the the sit-and-reach test) than all other positions (p < .05), but no significant difference was observed among players in the field. Conclusions: Overall, we can conclude that, in a north African sample of female soccer players, anthropometric profiles vary by playing position. As well, positional differences can be found when testing physical fitness components. This information could help coaches design more effective training programs to achieve success in modern soccer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. The general goal of the study was to investigate the relationship between agility t-test (change of direction speed ability, CODS), 20-m sprint test (S20m) (linear speed ability), and countermovement jump (CMJ) test (lower limb explosive power ability). Methods. The sample involved 18 elite female football athletes (age: 18.56 ± 2.24 years, height: 169.47 ± 6.48 cm, weight: 63.52 ± 6.85 kg). Pearson correlation coefficients were applied. Multiple linear regression served to explain the relationship between the dependent variable (CODS) and 2 independent variables (S20m and CMJ). Results. Pearson correlation analysis indicated a moderate relationship between CMJ and CODS performance (r = -0.59, p = 0.01) and a very strong significant relationship between S20m and CODS performance (r = 0.80, p = 0.00). The results of multiple linear regression proved that both independent variables (S20m and CMJ) explained about 60.0% (adjusted R2) of the total model variance in relation to the dependent variable (CODS), whereas only S20m significantly (p < 0.05) explained CODS ability. Conclusions. The study highlighted the impact of explosive power of lower limbs (CMJ) and linear speed capability (S20m) on agility performance (CODS) in our sample. It suggests that the results of agility, linear sprint, and jumping performance seem to have similar determining factors. It is worthwhile to consider these findings in the training process of female elite football players in order to focus on essential training elements of physical fitness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FIFA's recent (rhetorical) embrace of human rights prominently includes commitments to address gender discrimination and promote gender equality both on and off the pitch. What promise does FIFA's 'first-ever global strategy for women's football' hold as a means of fulfilling such commitments? A feminist institutionalist approach to this question offers insights into the bounded model of change endorsed by the Women's Football Strategy. It reveals that the Strategy's three key objectives serve as 'common carriers' for both long-standing institutional interests (in power, profit, and prestige) and newer institutional interests (in women footballers, women's football, and women in football governance). The assumption that these two sets of interests are mutually reinforcing is brought into question by exposing the ways in which FIFA's mainline institutional priorities, combined with certain structural features of football governance, blunt the reformist potential of the Women's Football Strategy. Bounded by old institutional features, the Strategy reflects a partial and incremental, rather than comprehensive and revolutionary, approach to addressing gender discrimination. FIFA's commitment to human rights therefore remains unfulfilled vis-à-vis women in football. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Originally, the stereotype threat effect – poorer performance due to a fear of fulfilling a negative stereotype about one's group – was demonstrated for cognitive tasks (e.g. Steele and Aronson, 1995, or Steele, 1997). Drawing on the widespread stereotype of women being unable to play football we experimentally tested (N = 80) whether a respective threat affected female football players' goal scoring precision, i.e. a complex and demanding motor task. Those participants who were reminded of the stereotype scored significantly less hits than those not reminded. Additionally, deviations from the instruction during task execution (e.g. shooting from another distance than demanded or using the wrong foot) were recorded. Stereotype threat did not affect this comparatively more cognitive task of following instructions correctly. In order to explore underlying mechanisms of the observed stereotype effect, several potential mediators, e.g. measures of cognitive interference, or collective identification, were tested. None emerged as an unquestionable link between threat and motor performance. We discuss, however, why collective identification – in comparison to cognitive demand – appears to be the more promising explanatory concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of Study. The aim of this study was to analyse morphological and motor changes in young elite female football players during preparatory phase of a yearly training cycle. We assumed that preparatory phase in football training causes a decrease in body fat mass, increase in body weight, particularly in muscle mass of lower limbs, as well as an improvement in motor skills, endurance and speed. Methods. The study included elite female football players from KKP MAX-Sprint Bydgoszcz team. Their basic morphological parameters, including body composition and physical performance expressed by outcomes of flexibility, static and explosive strength, speed and endurance EUROFIT battery tests, were documented at two time points: beginning and end of preparatory phase of a yearly training cycle. Data. The Shapiro-Wilk test (assessment of the distribution of variables), Student t-test (assessment of the significance of the dependent variables' differences) and Mollison's index (assessment of the scope of changes of the variables tested) were used. The threshold of statistical significance for all tests was set at 0.05. Results. Morphological changes were manifested mainly by an increase body weight (D = 0.78 kg, p = 0.012) including protein content (D = 0.15 kg, p = 0.005) and in body fluid volume (D = 0.33, p = 0.032) and fat-free mass, particularly in lower limbs (for the right leg D = 0.12 l, p = 0.003; for the left leg D = 0.10 l, p = 0.006). Motor changes were manifested by an improved speed agility (D = 2.79 s, p = 0.000), flexibility (D = 6.25 cm, p = 0.000), explosive strength (D = 8.67 cm, p = 0.001) and static strength (D = 3.00 kG, p = 0.016). Conclusions. A significant increase in muscle mass and speed suggests that football training exerts specific, desirable effects on morphological and motor characteristics in female players. Preparatory phase in football training does not result in unfavourable changes in morphological and motor characteristics in female players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

personality (distressed personality). Diagnosing this personality disorder among female football players may help sports psychologists, coaches, parents/caregivers, and all those engaged in training new sports entrants develop guidelines on how to resolve the problem. Methods. The study involved female footballers representing a Polish Ekstraliga football club, AZS-PSW Biała Podlaska, and was conducted with the use of the Polish adaptation of the DS14 scale. Results. In a group of 21 footballers, 7 (33.3%) were diagnosed with Type D personality. Besides, a negative correlation was noted between the level of satisfaction with playing football and one of the dimensions of Type D personality - negative emotionality. Conclusions. The results of the study may be applicable in formulating practical recommendations while preparing mental training programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to produce peak performance plays a decisive role in the success of athletes in competitive contest situations. Levels of appetitive competition motivation (ACM), i.e., the desire to defeat an opponent independent of secondary reinforcing factors, were assessed in professional female football/soccer players in the premier and regional leagues, using club level as the measurement of sport success. Furthermore, the influence of social environments predominantly encouraging masculine and competitive play behavior and the players' perceptions of their own gender role orientations were investigated. Ninety female football players from the German premier league (44) and regional leagues (46) participated (age: M = 24, SD = 5 years). Questionnaires ascertaining ACM and self-perceptions of gender via gender-role stereotypes, childhood play behavior and style of upbringing were utilized. Premier league athletes showed a significantly greater inclination toward direct sporting confrontations. Almost 50% of the variance in ACM between the premier and regional league athletes was determined by modern upbringing style and the development of gender roles not corresponding to classic female gender stereotypes. The results emphasize the significance of ACM as an important facet in competitive sports and illustrate the influence of socialization on athletic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The spontaneous regression of an osteochondroma is extremely rare. We report a case of medial femoral condyle impaction fracture over the site of spontaneous regression of a pedunculated osteochondroma discovered on advanced imaging after an acute injury in a 16-year-old male American football athlete. Although spontaneous regression of an osteochondroma has been described, the case presented reveals questions regarding resultant architectural changes to the bone after resorption, leaving it prone to injury. This is the first case that describes increased injury risk potential at the site of osteochondral regression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Football is not only one of the major cultural manifestations of Brazilian society; it is also the pinnacle of the country's hegemonic masculinity, a bastion into which women should not be allowed. Despite some progress and several international sporting successes achieved over the last few decades, Brazilian female footballers still endure extreme gender prejudice when playing football in Brazil. Gender discrimination blocks their access to minimal conditions of football training and playing at recreational and competitive levels. This paper aims to discuss gender issues that pervade Brazilian football. The paper applies a multifaceted theoretical background, combining a psychoanalytical view of gender issues with a sociological framework, to data collected through an ethnographic approach employing participant observation and interviews. The research uncovers acts of gender resistance and compliance by Brazilian female football players. Some women use football to resist the hegemonic gender order in the sport; they love the nation's cultural icon and they will fight for their right to play. Others argue for the importance of complying with a normative femininity in order to be acceptable to sport managers, agents, the press and the general public. Still others refuse a normative femininity and fight for the 'naturalness' of women in football. In the face of the hurdles faced by Brazilian women who want to enjoy the major sport in the country, this paper claims that only urgent federal legislation will lead women to gender equality in Brazilian football. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Women's football is becoming more and more popular in recent years. Proper diet is a very important part of the training cycle in girls practicing football. Aim of the study: The purpose of the study is the evaluation of selected aspects of the diet and nutritional status of girls professionally involved in football. Materials and methods: A survey was conducted in 2013 among 12 girls involved in practicing football. The methods used to assess the diet were divided into quantitative and qualitative ones. The questionnaire concerned the eating habits (the number, type and times of daily meals) and the frequency of the consumption of selected groups of food products. The assessment of physical development (as an indicator of nutritional status) was carried out on the basis of quantifying and comparing research results of anthropometric characteristics. With the help of Statistica 6.0, the influence of the period of training or competition on nutritional status was analyzed. Results: The observed energy value of food rations was not high enough to fully cover the daily needs for the studied group of athletes. The players often ate too few meals throughout the day and their meals were eaten irregularly. What is more, an insufficient intake of milk, dairy products, fruit, vegetables was revealed. Most respondents might be characterized by underweight (50%), which is a worrying phenomenon. The abnormal proportion of energy from different nutrients was also observed. The energy content of fat origin was greater than 35% and exceeded the standard, and from carbohydrates less than 50%. Only the percentage of energy from proteins referred to the normal range. At various times of sports activities these important indicators of nutrition did not differ. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate the validity of nutritional education for athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte is the property of Cuadernos de Psicologia del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. To determine whether a relationship exists between the functional movement analysis (FMA) score and lower-body injury rates in high-performance adolescent female football players. Method. Observations included a baseline FMA score and medical injury reports. Data were collected from 24 players' injury and illness records over a 38-week training period. All football injuries requiring medical attention (including stiffness, strains, contusions and sprains) and/or the removal from a session, leading to training restriction, were included in the study. Off-season weeks were excluded. Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient was calculated to assess the strength of the linear relationship between the FMA score and the number of medical visits, and between the number of medical visits and the number of training-restriction days. Results. There was no evidence of a relationship between the FMA score and injury risk in teenage female football players (r=0.016; p=0.940). A strong indication of a cyclical season in the training schedule was noticed over the 38-week study period. A substantive negative correlation (r=-0.911; p=0.032) was seen in the number of medical visits compared with the training-restriction days. Injuries during two peak periods could have resulted from overuse, increased training load, stress and overtraining. Conclusion. It could not be shown that a high FMA score was associated with a lower risk of injury. The ultimate goal is thus to reduce recurrent injury in players with a high FMA count. The regular medical visits observed suggest that player condition is maintained by means of reducing injury and managing training-restriction days. Our findings are in accordance with previous studies in terms of the lower limb being the most frequent region of injury, specifically the knee. This study supports previous suggestions that it is essential to develop a prevention strategy to measure trauma and recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine the relationship between body mass index and injury as well as examine injury according to playing position. In addition we sought to describe injury as it pertains to female Gaelic football. Data was collected using an online questionnaire. Archived data was also collected from a ladies Gaelic football team located in Washington, USA. Respondents included 74 recreationally trained female Gaelic footballers aged 15 - 45 years and a playing experience of 1 - 24 years. Respondents were asked to recall injuries that resulted from participation in Gaelic football. A Pearson Correlation Coefficient was used to describe the relationship between BMI and injury. Analysis of variance was performed to examine injury according to playing position. There was no significant correlation between BMI and injury and no significant difference was seen for injury among the different playing positions. There was no significant difference in BMI between injured and non-injured players. A total of 98 injuries were recorded among the 52 injured players with an incidence rate of 1.88 injuries per injured player. Lower limb injuries accounted for 46.9% of injuries, while the upper limb accounted for 38.8%. The most frequent injury location were the fingers (22.5%) followed by the ankle and foot (19.4%). Despite the limitations associated with retrospective studies, this study provides valuable information regarding injury in female Gaelic footballers. As Gaelic football is new to North America, these results may help coaches and trainers identify problematic injuries and develop appropriate training programs to reduce both incidence and severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine the relationship between body mass index and injury as well as examine injury according to playing position. In addition we sought to describe injury as it pertains to female Gaelic football. Data was collected using an online questionnaire. Archived data was also collected from a ladies Gaelic football team located in Washington, USA. Respondents included 74 recreationally trained female Gaelic footballers aged 15 - 45 years and a playing experience of 1 - 24 years. Respondents were asked to recall injuries that resulted from participation in Gaelic football. A Pearson Correlation Coefficient was used to describe the relationship between BMI and injury. Analysis of variance was performed to examine injury according to playing position. There was no significant correlation between BMI and injury and no significant difference was seen for injury among the different playing positions. There was no significant difference in BMI between injured and non-injured players. A total of 98 injuries were recorded among the 52 injured players with an incidence rate of 1.88 injuries per injured player. Lower limb injuries accounted for 46.9% of injuries, while the upper limb accounted for 38.8%. The most frequent injury location were the fingers (22.5%) followed by the ankle and foot (19.4%). Despite the limitations associated with retrospective studies, this study provides valuable information regarding injury in female Gaelic footballers. As Gaelic football is new to North America, these results may help coaches and trainers identify problematic injuries and develop appropriate training programs to reduce both incidence and severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]