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Some very useful methods for suppressing the flow-induced vibration (FIV) of a single cylinder are known to potentially have a limited efficiency for tandem-arrangement cylinders. In this paper, three splitter plates uniformly attached around a cylinder with an angle of 120° are proposed to suppress the FIVs of both a single cylinder and two tandem-arrangement cylinders in a wind tunnel at Re = 4000–45,200. The splitter plates' length to diameter ratios, L/Ds (where L is the length of the splitter plate and D is the cylinder diameter), are set from 0.1 to 0.8. The results show that the proposed method not only effectively suppresses the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) for a single cylinder, but also successfully mitigates the wake-induced galloping (WIG) for two tandem-arrangement cylinders. The vibrations of the single cylinders are effectively suppressed, consistently achieving suppression efficiencies over 95% for L/Ds = 0.2–0.8, with a notable peak efficiency of 98.4% at L/D = 0.2. For the two tandem-arrangement cylinders at S/D = 4.0 (where S is the center-to-center spacing between the two cylinders), the suppression efficiencies of the upstream cylinder exceed 96% for L/D = 0.2–0.8, with an optimal efficiency of 97.4% at L/D = 0.6. The downstream cylinder exhibits vibration only at L/Ds = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4, resulting in suppression efficiencies of 80.3%, 67.1%, and 91.0%. The vibrations remain fully suppressed throughout the entire reduced velocity range for L/Ds = 0.6–0.8, reaching an optimal efficiency of 98.7% at L/D = 0.6. Three regimes of fs/fn characteristics can be classified for the single cylinder, and the wake structures show that shear layers develop along the front plate before attaching on the cylinder and are then offset to either side of the cylinder by the two rear splitter plates, contributing to the absence of periodic vortex shedding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alopecia areata (AA) presents a challenging and unpredictable condition associated with substantial psychosocial and financial burdens. A chronic, relapsing form of non-scarring hair loss, it affects approximately 0.1–0.2% of the population worldwide with a lifetime risk of 1.0% to 2.1%. The psychosocial implications of AA, including its association with depression, anxiety, social phobia, employment disruption, and relationship challenges are well described. Significant economic costs of AA include those of healthcare, lost income, transportation, psychotherapy, and cosmetic accessories (wigs and hairpieces). However, wigs and hairpieces can contribute to enhanced self-esteem, confidence, and overall quality of life (QOL) in AA patients; these positive outcomes correlating with satisfaction in appearance. This article explores the role of wigs in addressing the aesthetic and emotional impact of AA, emphasizing their importance as potential coping mechanisms for individuals facing hair loss whilst also acknowledging possible barriers to their use. Different types of wigs and hairpieces, their respective advantages and disadvantages, and methods of attachment are thoroughly discussed, providing a comprehensive overview for both patients and healthcare professionals. Considering the economic impact of AA, this article explores the cost of wigs in Australia and available financial assistance programs. Wigs can play a pivotal role in rapidly addressing the multifaceted challenges posed by AA, offering time for psychosocial adaptation and delayed response to medical therapies. This review aims to provide valuable insights to inform evidence-based, practical, and personalized counselling of patients with AA and enable shared decision making about the utility of wigs and other cosmetic interventions for hair loss. Further research is warranted to explore differences in the optimal utilization of wigs between diverse sub-populations with AA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wing-in-Ground (WIG) effect aircraft are gaining attention for their potential in reducing environmental impact. However, optimising wing planforms based solely on aerodynamics might improve performance while compromising static height stability of WIG aircraft. This study investigates the effects of planar and nonplanar wing planform optimisation for regional transport ground effect aircraft. Three distinct multiobjective wing planform optimisations are explored: planar wing optimisation, nonplanar wing optimisation, and nonplanar wingtip optimisation. These optimisations assess the impact on both aerodynamic efficiency and static height stability characteristics of a wing planform in ground effect, at three different flying altitudes. In extreme ground effect, the Pareto set includes wings with negative spanwise camber, enhancing both cushion sensation and aerodynamic efficiency by effectively utilizing ground effect, thus proving advantageous over planar wing configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundAlopecia areata (AA) is an immune-mediated disease resulting in nonscarring hair loss. Systematic reviews on the psychosocial and psychiatric comorbidities, health-related quality of life, and interventions targeting psychosocial well-being are limited.ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review of the psychosocial comorbidities, health-related quality of life, and treatment options targeting psychosocial well-being in adult and pediatric AA patients.MethodsA systematic review was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines within the PubMed database. Specific search terms included, but were not limited to, alopecia areata, psychosocial, psychiatry, and quality of life. Studies were then evaluated for their design and categorized into corresponding levels of evidence according to the guidelines adapted from the Oxford Center for Evidence Based Medicine.FindingsSeventy-three reports met inclusion criteria, involving approximately 414,319 unique participants. AA patients were found to have psychiatric comorbidities, particularly anxiety and depression. Health-related quality of life is reduced in AA patients, but data on pediatric AA quality of life are limited. Psychotherapy is often recommended as adjuvant treatment.ConclusionAA has substantial psychosocial impact on patients and results in reduced health-related quality of life. Addressing this should be an active part of treatment.

This present study investigated the potential of passive flow control to reduce induced drag by using a micro-vortex generator (MVG) at a backward-facing step (BFS) location. A wing-in-ground (WIG) craft is a fast watercraft that resembles a dynamically stabilised ship that can move or glide across the surface of water or land. Therefore, the wing of the WIG is designed to glide when in contact with water, which helps to decrease drag and enhance the lift of the overall vehicle. However, the existing design of the hull-fuselage of WIG tends to induce more drag during the flight, especially at a flow downstream of a BFS, which will cause inefficient fuel consumption over the distance travelled. MVG with the ramp type was chosen and tested at various angles (°) and heights (h). The angles (°) tested were 12°, 16°, and 24°, while the heights (h) tested were 0.4 δ, 0.6 δ, and 0.8 δ, where δ refers to the boundary layer height. The model was designed and fabricated using a 3D printer. The 3D model was tested in a subsonic wind tunnel at Re = 6.1 × 10 4 m−1 to 6.1 × 10 5 m−1 between 1 and 10 m/s. This study demonstrated that the most effective angle and height of MVG for reducing the drag coefficient were 16° and 0.6 δ, respectively. In comparison to an uncontrolled case, the drag coefficient decreased significantly by 38% compared to the baseline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hair loss can impact a person's quality of life in ways incomprehensible. People value hair for different reasons, but value it nonetheless. There is a myriad of conditions that impede hair growth or cause hair to grow in an unattractive manner such as androgenetic alopecia, alopecia areata, and chemotherapy-induced hair loss. For conditions like cicatricial alopecia, there are hardly any options available once permanent loss of hair sets in. The role of hair transplantation too is limited in such cases where the donor area has been compromised. Thus, addressing the concern of hair loss and presenting all possible options available even after medical and surgical options flounder due to their limitations is a responsibility every dermatotrichologist carries and a plethora of camouflage options are available to improve the appearance of hair right from hairpieces to more permanent methods like scalp micropigmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the traditional Indian nose ring, known as the nath, highlighting its historical significance, craftsmanship, and typical materials like yellow gold. Topics discussed include the intricate designs, cultural importance, and recent pearl identification of two traditional nose rings received by Gemological Institute of America's Mumbai laboratory, showcasing the craftsmanship and heritage of Indian jewelry.

Copyright of Research Papers of the Wroclaw University of Economics / Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Selection and choice of search and rescue units is an important stage in planning SAR operations at sea. The different characteristics of units enable them to be used for specific tasks at sea to varying ranges. The main advantage of WIG crafts is their speed, but they also have other features necessary for marine rescue. The assessment of the unit's potential effectiveness is based, among other things, on defining and determining the parameters influencing its ability to achieve success. Computer software such as SARMAP can be used for action planning. The article contains calculations for simulated actions of searching for several objects, additionally a graphical solution of the situation has been shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents U.S. legal developments in marketing relative to the regulation of product characteristics. In 1969 the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed revisions to the 1951 Trade Practice Rules for the feather and down products industry. The same year the FTC proposed guidelines to combat complaints related to the merchandising of wigs and other hairpieces. Several FTC advisory opinions regarding packaging and labeling requirements are presented.

Motivation Many genomics applications require the computation of nucleotide coverage of a reference genome or the ability to determine how many reads map to a reference region. Results BamToCov is a toolkit for rapid and flexible coverage computation that relies on the most memory efficient algorithm and is designed for integration in pipelines, given its ability to read alignment files from streams. The tools in the suite can process sorted BAM or CRAM files, allowing the user to extract coverage information via different filtering approaches and to save the output in different formats (BED, Wig or counts). The BamToCov algorithm can also handle strand-specific and/or physical coverage analyses. Availability and implementation This program, accessory utilities and their documentation are freely available at https://github.com/telatin/BamToCov. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a report from a February 12-14, 2016 conference in Stuttgart, Germany on the history of perception and depiction of Jews in the Middle Ages and the early modern era. Topics of presentations delivered include the history of the Phrygian cap in art, research on wigs and beards worn by early modern Jews, and portrayals of deviant Jewish behavior in sermons and plays of the early modern period.

Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) represents a distinctive condition with a marginal scarring alopecia along the frontal and temporal hairline. Since its original description, the condition has been recognized to represent a more generalized than localized process, with extension beyond the frontotemporal hairline to include the parieto-occipital hairline and involve peculiar facial papules as evidence of facial vellus hair involvement and loss of peripheral body hair. Finally, the association of FFA with oral lichen planus, nail involvement, and concomitant lichen planopilaris (LPP) points to a close relationship to lichen planus. The Koebner phenomenon or isomorphic reaction has been described in lichen planus, LPP, and ultimately FFA, with face-lift procedures and hair restoration surgery having been implicated as the culprits in the latter. We report the first case of FFA in whom LPP developed at the sites of wig attachments, providing the evidence for Koebner phenomenon. Therefore, wigs are to be included to the list of procedures for hair restoration at risk of eliciting an isomorphic reaction in patients with FFA. Ultimately, the association of Koebner phenomenon with LPP-type lesions in FFA may provide further insight into the underlying pathology and nosology of the condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. This study was designed to observe the histocompatibility and long-term results of wigs after xenogeneic hair transplantation and to explore the possibility of industrial products in clinical application. Methods. The human hair and melted medical polypropylene were preceded into the follicular unit-like wigs according to the natural follicular unit by extrusionmolding. 12 New Zealand rabbits were used as experimental animals for wigs transplantation. The histocompatibility of polypropylene and human hair was observed by H&E staining and scanning electron microscope. The loss rate of wigs was calculated to evaluate the long-term result after transplantation. Results. Mild infiltration by inflammatory cells around the polypropylene and human hair were seen during the early period after transplantation, accompanied with local epithelial cell proliferation. The inflammatory cells were decreased after 30 days with increased collagen fibers around the polypropylene and human hair. The follicular unit-like wigs maintained a good histocompatibility in one year. The degradation of hair was not significant. The loss rate of wigs was 4.1 ± 4.0% in one year. The appearance of hair was satisfactory. Conclusions. We successfully developed a follicular unit-like wigs, which were made of xenogeneic human hair with medical polypropylene, showing a good histocompatibility, a low loss rate, and satisfactory appearance in a year after transplantation. The follicular unit-like wigs may have prospective industrial products in clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Northeast Historical Archaeology is the property of Council for Northeast Historical Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article analyzes the pattern of wig consumption in eighteenth-century France. The social life of the wig reveals much about the chronology, social depth and geographic range of new consumer practices in the Enlightenment Age. Rather than validating simplistic conceptions of consumer revolution, its diffusion demonstrates a dramatic expansion in an intermediate zone of consumption situated between aristocratic luxury and popular necessity. Accounts of the wig's diffusion need to be tested against more reliable kinds of evidence, such as the size of the wig trade, the social composition of wigmakers' clientele and the incidence of wigs in after-death inventories.

Focuses on the prevalence of illegal wigmaking in eighteenth century Paris, France. Organization of wigmaker guild on the basis of a royal charge that wigmakers purchased prior to becoming guild masters; Commitment of a crime by non-masters who ran independent wigmaking; Efforts of guild masters to confront illegal wigmakers in the city.

Looks into the dialectic of conformity and novelty that produced uses of human hair and its substitutes in the eighteenth century. Importance of big hair in the period; Description of hair styling in the period; Recognition of the head as a sacred part of the body.

Reviews the videotape `Women Who Wear Wigs.'

Presents the short story "Wigs," by Binnie Kirshenbaum and Susan Montez.

This article investigates factors that have contributed to the growth of the import-export business among Asian immigrants. The central argument is that the development of Asian immigrants import-export business has been closely related to the increasing economic linkages between Asian countries and their countrymen in the United States. Such economic linkages are a product of the global economic restructuring whereby some developing countries of Asia have become major exporters of low cost/low price consumer goods to the United States. The Korean immigrants' wig business in Los Angeles is studied as a case of contemporary import-export trade among Asian immigrants, with major findings summarized as follows: first, the increased reliance of the United States on imported goods by the 1970s led to a rapid growth of the export-oriented industry in South Korea; second, wigs became major export item of South Korea due to its cheap labor Force and government-aid loans in the wig industry; third, a strong vertical integration ed between Korean wig manufacturers in South Korea and Korean importers, wholesalers, and retailers in the United States -- that integration provided Korean immigrants with initial business opportunities in the U.S. economy, particularly in the low-income minority areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]