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Hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) are benign liver tumours that may be complicated by haemorrhage or malignant transformation to hepatocellular carcinoma. Epidemiological data are fairly outdated, but it is likely to assume that the incidence has increased over the past decades as HCA are more often incidentally found due to the more widespread use of imaging techniques and the increased incidence of obesity. Various molecular subgroups have been described. Each of these molecular subgroups are defined by specific gene mutations and pathway activations. Additionally, they are all related to specific risk factors and show a various biological behaviour. These molecular subgroups may be identified using immunohistochemistry and molecular characterization. Contrast-enhanced MRI is the recommended imaging modality to analyse patients with suspected hepatocellular adenoma allowing to determine the subtype in up to 80%. Surgical resection remains to be the golden standard in treating HCA, although resection is deemed unnecessary in a large number of cases, as studies have shown that the majority of HCA will regress over time without complications such as haemorrhage or malignant transformation occurring. It is preferable to treat patients with suspected HCA in high volume centres with combined expertise of liver surgeons, hepatologists, radiologists and (molecular) pathologists.

Women in Focus: Be Inspired was a unique programme held at the 2019 European Congress of Radiology that was structured to address a range of topics related to gender and healthcare, including leadership, mentoring and the generational progression of women in medicine. In most countries, women constitute substantially fewer than half of radiologists in academia or private practice despite frequently accounting for at least half of medical school enrolees. Furthermore, the proportion of women decreases at higher academic ranks and levels of leadership, a phenomenon which has been referred to as a “leaky pipeline”. Gender diversity in the radiologic workplace, including in academic and leadership positions, is important for the present and future success of the field. It is a tool for excellence that helps to optimize patient care and research; moreover, it is essential to overcome the current shortage of radiologists. This article reviews the current state of gender diversity in academic and leadership positions in radiology internationally and explores a wide range of potential reasons for gender disparities, including the lack of role models and mentorship, unconscious bias and generational changes in attitudes about the desirability of leadership positions. Strategies for both individuals and institutions to proactively increase the representation of women in academic and leadership positions are suggested. Key Points: • Gender-diverse teams perform better. Thus, gender diversity throughout the radiologic workplace, including in leadership positions, is important for the current and future success of the field. • Though women now make up roughly half of medical students, they remain underrepresented among radiology trainees, faculty and leaders. • Factors leading to the gender gap in academia and leadership positions in Radiology include a lack of role models and mentors, unconscious biases, other societal barriers and generational changes.

Contains fulltext : 169792.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), OBJECTIVES: To identify predictive variables of treatment response following aspiration sclerotherapy of large symptomatic hepatic cysts. METHODS: We collected individual patient data from two tertiary referral centres and included all patients treated with aspiration sclerotherapy of a large (>5 cm), symptomatic hepatic cyst. At six months, clinical response was defined as complete or incomplete. Secondary, suboptimal technical response was defined as lower quartile of cyst reduction. Predictive variables of clinical and technical response were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: We included 86 patients (58 +/- 10 years; female 90 %). Complete clinical response rate was 55 %. Median cyst diameter and volume reduction were 71 % (IQR 50-87 %) and 98 % (IRQ 88-100 %), respectively. Patients with complete clinical response had a significantly higher cyst reduction compared to incomplete responders (OR 1.02, 95 % CI 1.00-1.04). Aspiration of haemorrhagic cyst fluid (OR 4.39, 95 % CI 1.34-14.39) or a lower cyst reduction at one month (OR 1.06, 95 % CI 1.02-1.10) was associated with a suboptimal technical response at six months. CONCLUSION: Complete clinical response is associated with effective cyst reduction. Aspiration of haemorrhagic cyst fluid or a restricted diameter reduction at one month predicts a suboptimal technical treatment response, however, these variables did not predict symptom disappearance. KEY POINTS: * Aspiration sclerotherapy of hepatic cysts shows excellent clinical and technical efficacy. * Optimal clinical responders have a markedly higher cyst reduction. * Haemorrhagic aspirate and a strong fluid reaccumulation predict suboptimal cyst reduction.

Objectives: To develop a consensus and provide updated recommendations on liver MR imaging and the clinical use of liver-specific contrast agents. Methods: The European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology (ESGAR) formed a multinational European panel of experts, selected on the basis of a literature review and their leadership in the field of liver MR imaging. A modified Delphi process was adopted to draft a list of statements. Descriptive and Cronbach’s statistics were used to rate levels of agreement and internal reliability of the consensus. Results: Three Delphi rounds were conducted and 76 statements composed on MR technique (n = 17), clinical application of liver-specific contrast agents in benign, focal liver lesions (n = 7), malignant liver lesions in non-cirrhotic (n = 9) and in cirrhotic patients (n = 18), diffuse and vascular liver diseases (n = 12), and bile ducts (n = 13). The overall mean score of agreement was 4.84 (SD ±0.17). Full consensus was reached in 22 % of all statements in all working groups, with no full consensus reached on diffuse and vascular diseases. Conclusions: The consensus provided updated recommendations on the methodology, and clinical indications, of MRI with liver specific contrast agents in the study of liver diseases. Key points: • Liver-specific contrast agents are recommended in MRI of the liver. • The hepatobiliary phase improves the detection and characterization of hepatocellular lesions. • Liver-specific contrast agents can improve the detection of HCC.