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19. Relationship between Perceptions about Neighborhood Environment and Prevalent Obesity: Data from the Dallas Heart Study

Author

Powell-Wiley, Tiffany M., Ayers, Colby R., de Lemos, James A., Lakoski, Susan G., Vega, Gloria L., Grundy, Scott, Das, Sandeep R., Banks-Richard, Kamakki, and Albert, Michelle A.

Subjects
Adult, Male, genetic structures, Adolescent, Environment, Violence, Social Environment, Solid Waste, Article, Body Mass Index, Young Adult, Residence Characteristics, Risk Factors, Confidence Intervals, Odds Ratio, Humans, Obesity, Aged, Age Factors, Middle Aged, Texas, Logistic Models, Income, Educational Status, Recreation, Female, Perception, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Automobiles, Stress, Psychological
Abstract

Although psychosocial stress can result in adverse health outcomes, little is known about how perceptions of neighborhood conditions, a measure of environment-derived stress, may impact obesity. The association between perceptions of neighborhood environment and obesity (defined as body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m(2) ) among 5,907 participants in the Dallas Heart Study, a multi-ethnic, probability-based sample of Dallas County residents was examined.Participants were asked to respond to 18 questions about perceptions of their neighborhood. Factor analysis was used to identify three factors associated with neighborhood perceptions: neighborhood violence, physical environment, and social cohesion. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between each factor (higher quintile = more unfavorable perceptions) and the odds of obesity.Decreasing age, income, and education associated with unfavorable overall neighborhood perceptions and unfavorable perceptions about specific neighborhood factors (P trend0.05 for all). Increasing BMI was associated with unfavorable perceptions about physical environment (P trend0.05) but not violence or social cohesion. After adjustment for race, age, sex, income, education, and length of residence, physical environment perception score in the highest quintile remained associated with a 25% greater odds of obesity (OR 1.25, [95% CI 1.03-1.50]). Predictors of obesity related to environmental perceptions included heavy traffic (OR 1.39, [1.17-1.64]), trash/litter in neighborhood (OR 1.27, [1.01-1.46]), lack of recreational areas (OR 1.21, [1.01-1.46]), and lack of sidewalks (OR 1.25, [95% CI 1.04-1.51]).Thus, unfavorable perceptions of environmental physical conditions are related to increased obesity. Efforts to improve the physical characteristics of neighborhoods, or the perceptions of those characteristics, may assist in the prevention of obesity in this community.

Published
2013

20. Adipokines, Body Fatness, and Insulin Resistance Among Survivors of Childhood Leukemia

Author

Tonorezos, Emily S., Vega, Gloria L., Sklar, Charles A., Chou, Joanne F., Moskowitz, Chaya S., Mo, Qianxing, Church, Timothy S., Ross, Robert, Janiszewski, Peter M., and Oeffinger, Kevin C.

Subjects
Adult, Male, Adolescent, Chemoradiotherapy, Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma, Article, Survival Rate, Young Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Treatment Outcome, Adipokines, Adipose Tissue, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Humans, Female, Obesity, Survivors, Cranial Irradiation, Insulin Resistance, Stem Cell Transplantation
Abstract

Following our previous reports of an increased prevalence of insulin resistance and adiposity among acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors, particularly women treated with cranial radiotherapy (CRT), we aimed to (1) assess the relationships between adipokines (leptin and adiponectin), CRT, and measures of body fatness and (2) determine correlates of insulin resistance, by gender.We conducted cross-sectional evaluation of 116 ALL survivors (median age: 23.0 years; range: 18-37; average time from treatment: 17.5 years), including fasting laboratory testing (adiponectin, leptin, insulin, and glucose), anthropometric measurements (weight, height, and waist circumference), DXA (total body fat and truncal-to-lower-body-fat ratio), and abdominal CT (visceral fat). We estimated insulin resistance using the homeostasis model for assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Analytic approaches included regression models and Wilcoxon rank sum testing.Mean leptin per kilogram fat mass was higher for females (0.7 ng/ml/kg) than males (0.4 ng/ml/kg, P0.01), and among subjects who had received CRT compared to those who had not received CRT (females CRT =0.9 ng/ml/kg, no CRT = 0.7 ng/ml/kg; P = 0.1; males CRT = 0.5 ng/ml/kg, no CRT = 0.3 ng/ml/kg; P0.01). Elevated HOMA-IR was nearly uniformly present, even among subjects with BMI25 kg/m(2), and was associated with higher leptin:adiponectin ratio (LA ratio; P0.01).Among survivors of childhood leukemia, higher leptin levels were associated with measures of body fat and insulin resistance. Anthropomorphic and metabolic changes many years after ALL treatment remain a major health problem facing survivors and may be related to central leptin resistance.

Published
2011

21. Body Fat Distribution and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Obese Adults

Author

Neeland, Ian J., primary, Turer, Aslan T., additional, Ayers, Colby R., additional, Berry, Jarett D., additional, Rohatgi, Anand, additional, Das, Sandeep R., additional, Khera, Amit, additional, Vega, Gloria L., additional, McGuire, Darren K., additional, Grundy, Scott M., additional, and de Lemos, James A., additional

Published
2015
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23. Relation of Regional Fat Distribution to Left Ventricular Structure and Function

Author

Neeland, Ian J., primary, Gupta, Sachin, additional, Ayers, Colby R., additional, Turer, Aslan T., additional, Rame, J. Eduardo, additional, Das, Sandeep R., additional, Berry, Jarett D., additional, Khera, Amit, additional, McGuire, Darren K., additional, Vega, Gloria L., additional, Grundy, Scott M., additional, de Lemos, James A., additional, and Drazner, Mark H., additional

Published
2013
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24. Associations of visceral and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue with markers of cardiac and metabolic risk in obese adults

Author

Neeland, Ian J., primary, Ayers, Colby R., additional, Rohatgi, Anand K., additional, Turer, Aslan T., additional, Berry, Jarett D., additional, Das, Sandeep R., additional, Vega, Gloria L., additional, Khera, Amit, additional, McGuire, Darren K., additional, Grundy, Scott M., additional, and de Lemos, James A., additional

Published
2013
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25. Atherogenic low density lipoprotein phenotype in long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Author

Malhotra, Jyoti, primary, Tonorezos, Emily S., additional, Rozenberg, Marina, additional, Vega, Gloria L., additional, Sklar, Charles A., additional, Chou, Joanne, additional, Moskowitz, Chaya S., additional, Eshelman-Kent, Debra A., additional, Janiszewski, Peter, additional, Ross, Robert, additional, and Oeffinger, Kevin C., additional

Published
2012
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31. Interleukin-18, the Metabolic Syndrome, and Subclinical Atherosclerosis

Author

Zirlik, Andreas, primary, Abdullah, Shuaib M., additional, Gerdes, Norbert, additional, MacFarlane, Lindsey, additional, Schönbeck, Uwe, additional, Khera, Amit, additional, McGuire, Darren K., additional, Vega, Gloria L., additional, Grundy, Scott, additional, Libby, Peter, additional, and de Lemos, James A., additional

Published
2007
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38. Adiponectin Strongly Correlates with Hepatic Triglyceride Lipase and Plasma Triglyceride Levels in African Americans.

Author

Clarenbach, Jacob J., Vega, Gloria L., Considine, Robert V., and Sumner, Anne E.

Subjects
*MUSCLE proteins, *TRIGLYCERIDES, *LIPASES, *AFRICAN Americans, *OBESITY, *INSULIN resistance
Abstract

African Americans often have normal high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low triglyceride levels despite insulin resistance and obesity. The higher than expected HDL-C levels are usually attributed to low levels of hepatic triglyceride lipase activity (HTGL). Factors that regulate HTGL in African Americans are not well delineated. In the current study, HTGL levels were examined in relation to body fat (body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC)), insulin resistance indices (fasting plasma insulin and HOMA index) and adiponectin. Sixty-three African Americans (33 Men, 30 Women, median age 31 y, range 20-50 y, median BMI 28.6 kg/m², range 19.7-54.7 kg/m²) had anthropometry and measurement of post-heparin lipase activities (HTGL), plasma HDL-C, triglycerides and plasma adiponectin. HTGL correlated strongly with HDL-C (r =-0.52, P<0.0001) and adiponectin (r = -0.49, P<0.001). HTGL increased with BMI and WC (r =0.297, P=-0.018 and r =0.301, P=0.016, resp). Adiponectin correlated strongly with HDL-C (r =0.50, P<0.0001) and triglycerides (r = -0.493, P<0.001). Four multiple regression models predicted HTGL variability (P<0.001) in the study group: Model 1 with an adjusted R²=0.242 and a linear combination of adiponectin, BMI, and HOMA (log[sub e]); Model 2 (R²=0.229) with adiponectin + BMI + HOMA (log[sub e] + triglycerides (log[sub e]; Model 3 (R²=0.241) with adiponectin + age + BMI and Model 4 (R² =0.215) adiponectin + age + BMI + HOMA (logo + triglycerides (log[sub e]). It is apparent that about 23% of HTGL variability among African Americans can be explained by adiponectin levels in combination with markers of obesity and insulin resistance. In each model, the beta-coefficient for adiponectin with HTGL is in the range of 0.44 to 0.47 (P <0.002) rendering this parameter a major factor in HTGL variability. The data suggests that adiponectin is a strong determinant of HTGL levels and plasma triglyceride levels in African Americans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007

39. Evaluation of quantitative models of the effect of insulin on lipolysis and glucose disposal.

Author

Periwal V, Chow CC, Bergman RN, Ricks M, Vega GL, and Sumner AE

Subjects
Adult, Black or African American, Algorithms, Bayes Theorem, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified blood, Female, Glucose pharmacology, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents pharmacology, Insulin blood, Insulin Resistance, Likelihood Functions, Male, Middle Aged, Reproducibility of Results, Blood Glucose metabolism, Insulin pharmacology, Lipolysis drug effects, Models, Biological
Abstract

The effects of insulin on the suppression of lipolysis are neither fully understood nor quantified. We examined a variety of mathematical models analogous to the minimal model of glucose disposal (MMG) to quantify the combined influence of insulin on lipolysis and glucose disposal during an insulin-modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. The tested models, which include two previously published ones, consisted of separate compartments for plasma free fatty acids (FFA), glucose, and insulin. They differed in the number of compartments and in the action of insulin to suppress lipolysis that decreased the plasma FFA level. In one category of models, a single insulin compartment acted on both glucose and FFA simultaneously. In a second category, there were two insulin compartments, each acting on FFA and glucose independently. For each of these two categories, we tested 11 variations of how insulin suppressed lipolysis. We also tested a model with an additional glucose compartment that acted on FFA. These 23 models were fit to the plasma FFA and glucose concentrations of 102 subjects individually. Using Bayesian model comparison methods, we selected the model that best balanced fit and minimized model complexity. In the best model, insulin suppressed lipolysis via a Hill function through a remote compartment that acted on both glucose and FFA simultaneously, and glucose dynamics obeyed the classic MMG.

Published
2008
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