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This article is about efforts to unearth the facts about a myth in Tanzania about lawalawa, and the use of female genital mutilation (FGM) by some Tanzanian ethnic groups to cure lawalawa. The term lawalawa, used to describe certain vaginal and urinary tract infections, appeared soon after 1968, following the ban on FGM in the Arusha Declaration, and is still used today. When working with these ethnic groups on the subject of eliminating FGM, one always hears about lawalawa. Today, the arguments for using FGM to cure lawalawa are used not only in relation to small children, but also adolescent girls and boys. Lawalawa is not always limited to vaginal and urinary tract infections, but sometimes also when girls or boys have a fever for other reasons. This article is based on information from the continuous work against FGM in 45 villages by the Singida and Dodoma chapters of the Inter-African Committee on Traditional Practices, Tanzania, from 2003 through 2012. The lesson we have learned is that the only way of eliminating FGM is to accept lawalawa as a fact and to give information and counselling. Only in this way, and not by force, will it be possible to break the connection between lawalawa and FGM., (Copyright © 2012 Reproductive Health Matters. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)