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Şermin Yalın Sapmaz,1 Bengisu Uzel Tanrıverdi,2 Masum Öztürk,1 Özge Gözaçanlar,1 Gülsüm Yörük Ülker,2 Yekta Özkan1 1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey Purpose: This study assessed early-onset psychiatric disorders and factors related to these disorders in a group of refugee children after immigration due to war.Materials and methods: This study was conducted between January 2016 and June 2016. Clinical interviews were conducted with 89 children and their families, and were performed by native speakers of Arabic and Persian who had been primarily educated in these languages and were living in Turkey. A strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) that had Arabic and Persian validity and reliability was applied to both children and their families. Independent variables for cases with and without a psychiatric disorder were analyzed using the χ2 test for categorical variables, Student’s t-test for those that were normally distributed, and Mann–Whitney U-test for data that were not normally distributed. Data that showed significant differences between groups who had a psychiatric disorder and on common effects in emerging psychiatric disorders were analyzed through binary logistic regression analysis.Results: A total of 89 children and adolescents were interviewed within the scope of the study. The mean age of cases was 9.96±3.98 years, and 56.2% (n=50) were girls, while 43.8% (n=39) were boys. Among these children, 47 (52.8%) had come from Syria, 27 (30.3%) from Iraq, 14 (15.7%) from Afghanistan, and 1 (1.1%) from Iran. A psychiatric disorder was found in 44 (49.4%) of the children. A total of 26 children were diagnosed with anxiety disorders, 12 with depressive disorders, 8 with trauma and related disorders, 5 with elimination disorders, 4 with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and 3 with intellectual disabilities. It was determined that seeing a dead or injured person during war/emigration and the father’s unemployment increased the risk of psychopathology. The OR was 7.077 (95% CI 1.722–29.087) for having seen a dead or injured individual and 4.51 (95% GA 1.668–12.199) for father’s employment status.Conclusion: Within the context of war and emigration, these children try to cope with the negative circumstances they experience prior to migration, as well as the despair they see their parents experience. Keywords: young refugees, asylum seekers, mental health, risk factors

Objective: To determine clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) detection rate by combining the prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) and prostate imaging-reporting and data system (PI-RADS) scores., Study Design: Descriptive study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, from January 2018 to April 2023., Methodology: Patients who underwent prostate biopsies after multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) were included in the study. PI-RADS 4 and 5 lesions were considered as MR positive. The cut-off values for PSAD were also determined to evaluate csPCa. csPCa detection rates were evaluated by grouping the patients based on the PSAD and mpMRI findings., Results: PSAD cut-off value of 0.165 ng/mL/mL (sensitivity 80%, specificity 72%) was detected to predict csPCa (AUC = 0.81, 95% CI:0.756-0.866, p<0.001). csPCa detection rate was low (3%) in patients who have low PI-RADS scores (1-3) and a PSAD <0.165 ng/mL/mL. On the other hand, csPCa detection rate was high (50.5%) in patients who have a high PI-RADS score (4-5 lesions) and with a PSAD ≥0.165 ng/mL/mL., Conclusion: csPCa detection rates are low in patients with PI-RADS 1-3 lesions and low PSAD values. Unnecessary biopsy may be avoided in these patients., Key Words: Gleason score, PI-RADS, Prostate cancer, Prostate-specific antigen, Prostate-specific antigen density.

Introduction: Kidney tumors have an important place among urological malignancies. The increased utilization of imaging methods has led to a rise in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) diagnoses, albeit with declining mortality rates, particularly in developed countries. Radical nephrectomy remains the gold standard treatment. The aim of this study was to share a tertiary oncology hospital's initial experiences with laparoscopic nephrectomy., Materials and Methods: This retrospective study analyzes data from patients who underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy, focusing on demographic characteristics, tumor features, and operative outcomes. Information regarding age, gender, tumor size, operative details, and pathology results was collected and analyzed., Results: One hundred forty-two patients were included in the study; 69 (48.60%) were female and 73 (51.40%) were male. The mean age of the patients was 57.11 ± 12.6 years, with tumors primarily located on the left kidney (52.80%). The mean tumor size was 53.01 ± 24.01 mm. Intraoperative complications included the need for conversion to open surgery in five cases and vascular, pneumothorax, or duodenal injuries in a subset of patients. However, postoperative complications, such as sepsis or mortality, were not observed., Discussion: Despite an initial learning curve associated with longer operation times, laparoscopic techniques offer benefits, including reduced blood loss, faster recovery, and improved cosmetic outcomes. Histologically, clear cell RCC was the most common tumor type encountered. This study underscores the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy, advocating for its widespread adoption while emphasizing the importance of surgeon experience and patient selection in optimizing outcomes., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024, Duvarcı et al.)