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In this study, TiO 2 nanorods arrays (TiO 2 NRAs) were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The maxima current density and conversion efficiency were 2.5 mA/cm 2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE and 0.95% with length of 6-7 μm under AM 1.5G 1sun condition. To improve the conversion efficiencies, Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS), which owns direct band gap semiconductor with 1.5 eV and suitable band positions, was employed to extend the absorption range. In this study, CZTS nanoparticles were decorated on TiO 2 NRAs with adhesion layer by using solvothermal method. Finally, ZnS layer was used as passivation layer for increasing conversion efficient. By using ZnS as passivation layer, the current density increased from 2.92 mA/cm 2 to 6.91 mA/cm 2 and the conversion efficiency increased from 1.44% to 3.50%. According to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis, the result showed that the ZnS layer could reduce the electron-hole recombination loss to improve the conversion efficiency.

The development of low voltage-operating organic thin-film transistors requires high-dielectric constant (high-K) materials for the device's gate dielectrics. The surface properties of these high-K materials must match those of organic semiconductors. A modification material coated on high-K dielectric is needed, and polyimide (PI) is a promising modifier to reduce the surface energy and the interface trap states (in the level of 1010 cm−2 eV−1) of the high-K dielectrics. In this study, surface characteristics of the dielectrics were identified and interface analyses at the dielectric/organic semiconductor interface were conducted through combined electrical force microscopy and impedance–admittance investigation. When the organic semiconductor pentacene was grown on the PI-modified dielectrics, the atomic force microscopy images and X-ray diffraction analyses showed larger grain size and higher crystallinity than those on native high-K dielectrics. Using polyimide-modified high-K materials as the gate dielectric, high performances (SS 105) and low voltage-operating (

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