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Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have emerged as a potential candidate for third-generation thin film solar energy conversion systems because of their outstanding optoelectronic properties, cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and easy manufacturing process. The electron transport layer is one of the most essential components in DSSCs since it plays a crucial role in the device's greatest performance. Silver ions as a dopant have drawn attention in DSSC device applications because of their stability under ambient conditions, decreased charge recombination, increased efficient charge transfer, and optical, structural, and electrochemical properties. Because of these concepts, herein, we report the synthesis of pristine TiO2 using a novel green modified solvothermal simplistic method. Additionally, the prepared semiconductor nanomaterials, Ag-doped TiO2 with percentages of 1, 2, 3, and 4%, were used as photoanodes to enhance the device's performance. The obtained nanomaterials were characterized using XRD, FTIR, FE-SEM, EDS, and UV–vis techniques. The average crystallite size for pristine TiO2 and Ag-doped TiO2 with percentages of 1, 2, 3, and 4% was found to be 13 nm by using the highest intensity peaks in the XRD spectra. The Ag-doped TiO2 nanomaterials exhibited excellent photovoltaic activity as compared to pristine TiO2. The incorporation of Ag could assist in successful charge transport and minimize the charge recombination process. The DSSCs showed a Jsc of 8.336 mA/cm2, a Voc of 698 mV, and an FF of 0.422 with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.45% at a Ag concentration of 4% under illumination of 100 mW/cm2 power with N719 dye, indicating an important improvement when compared to 2% Ag-doped (PCE of 0.97%) and pristine TiO2 (PCE of 0.62%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1997, S. Basco and M. Matsumoto introduced the concepts of Douglas spaces with a generalization of the notion of Berwald spaces. Weakly-Berwald space is one of the generalizations of Berwald spaces. In the present paper, we considered a cubic (a, ß)-metric which is a special class of p-power Finsler metric and obtained the conditions under which the Finsler space with such special metric will be a Weakly-Berwald space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of present paper to determine the Finsler spaces due to deformation of special Finsler (α, β)-metric. Consequently, we obtained the non-holonomic frame with the help of Riemannian metric α 2 = aij (x)yiyj, one form metric β = bi(x)y i and infinite series of (α, β) metric such as the forms I. ( β²/β−α )α = αβ²/β−α i.e. product of the infinite series of (α, β)-metric and Riemannian metric II. ( β²/β−α )β = β³/β−α i.e. product of the infinite series of (α, β)-metric and 1-form metric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper we have studied the Finslerian hypersurfaces of a Finsler space with the special form of exponential (α, β)- metric such as L (α, β) = αeβ/α + βe-β/α. We also examined the hypersurfaces of this special exponential metric as a hyperplane of first, second and third kinds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of present paper is to study the T-tensor of such a Finsler space with the condition L2(α, β)C = β, where α = √ aij(x)yiyj and β = biyi and get some important theorems. We shall also obtain the condition for such a Finsler space to be a Landsberg space or Berwald space. The notations and terminologies are referred to the monograph [7].In this paper we introduce and study a new subclass of meromorphically uniformly convex functions with positive coefficients defined by a differential operator and obtain coefficient estimates, growth and distortion theorem, radius of convexity, integral transforms, convex linear combinations, convolution properties and δ-neighborhoods for the class σp(α). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports the effect of partial shading (PS) on the electrical output of a solar cell using the two-diode model. The reduction in electrical performance parameters induced by various recombination losses has been explained for c-Si solar cells under the effect of PS. The PS mainly affects the short-circuit current density (JSC) and efficiency (η) of the solar cells. JSC and η decrease from 37.84 to 5.48 mA cm-2 and from 18.31 to 2%, respectively. Among all the energy losses encountered for PS, spatial relaxation and recombination losses are the dominating factors responsible for the reduction in JSC. PC1D and Griddler simulations have been performed to evaluate the effect of front surface and bulk recombination. The PC1D simulated external quantum efficiency is governed by the front and back surface recombination velocity and carrier life time of the charge carriers under PS. The power loss (Pe) of ∼ 34% from the emitter region has been determined by resistance analysis in correlation with the recombination in the emitter region of the solar cells under PS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antioxidant and nematicidal properties were evaluated for R. emodi extractives which are extracted by standardizing and adopting accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) method along with traditional Soxhlet extraction. The extracted material was separated using flash chromatography and the separation conditions and solvents were standardized for the extracted plant constituents. The purity was detected by using analytical reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). LC-MS/MS detection in the direct infusion mode of the isolated, purified products afforded four anthraquinones, characterized by their infrared spectra (IR) and ¹H spectra as chrysophanol, physcion, emodin, and aloe-emodin. Five antraquinone glucoside derivatives and piceatannol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside have also been detected from the extracted product. During in vitro evaluation the antioxidant potential of methanolic crude extract (CE1) was the highest, followed by ethyl acetate crude extract (CE2) and chloroform extract (CE3) in DPPH radical scavenging activity. The CE1 also demonstrated outstanding nematicidal activity as compared with other extracts, pure anthraquinones, and even positive control azadirachtin. The study conclusively demonstrated the antioxidant potential of R. emodi extracts and also its ability in extenuating the Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode). The bioassay results can be extrapolated to actual field condition and clinical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Modeling and simulation of TiO2 nanorod based DSSC are done to explore the effect of nanorod diameter on the short-circuit current density. The results show that the porosity decreases with increasing diameter of nanorod for a fixed value of inter-rod separation. The short-circuit current density can be improved by optimizing the nanorod diameter. From this study it could be observed that the nanorods of diameter from 65nm to 90nm with a porosity range from 0.43 to 0.66 would result in better performing DSSC. The peak value of current density of 23.96mA/cm2 is obtained for the working electrode with a nanorod diameter of 81nm of length 12μm for N719 dye. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]