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The ACCRUAL reform outlined by the implementation of the EU Council Directive 2011/85/EU for defining accounting principles and standards in public administrations also involves Italian artistic and cultural heritage assets. In the Next Generation EU (National Recovery and Resilience Plan), cultural heritage and culture, in general, are considered as determinants of development from a recovery perspective. Thus, the idea of cultural heritage as a bundle of values and as a mean for sustainable growth, human development, and quality of life has been consolidated. Within such a context, this contribution aims to stimulate reflection on the economic and financial dimension of cultural heritage in the public administrations’ balance sheets and on the contribution that the discipline of Appraisal and Evaluation can provide to defining the methodological framework necessary for estimating their value. Starting from the acknowledgement of the coexistence of a plurality of values characterizing cultural heritage, particular attention has been paid to the economic dimension of Heritage and the evaluation challenges the accounting principles have introduced consistently with the Italian position in the process of defining the conceptual framework and the accounting guidelines.

This study aims to quantify the economic value of environmental externalities by proposing an approach tailored to areas designated for "civic uses". These areas fall within the broader category of "collective goods" on which the legislator places particular emphasis, especially in regard to their protection and enhancement. The technique applied in this study is the total economic value (TEV), quantified through a spatialization and modeling of socioeconomic and environmental variables on Geographic Information Systems. The methodology was used for a specific case study area, the forests of Land Association "Bosco dei Bardi" in the Tuscany region of central Italy. This area exhibits the same characteristics and fulfills the same functions as those designated for civic uses. The results demonstrate the importance of providing public decision-makers with appropriate tools to protect and enhance these areas. The results also underscore the economic significance of forest ecosystem services compared to average regional values. The study finally confirms that Land Associations present a promising avenue for revitalizing abandoned territories, consistent with civic use objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background For many countries, especially those outside the USA without incentive payments, implementing and maintaining electronic medical records (EMR) is expensive and can be controversial given the large amounts of investment. Evaluating the value of EMR implementation is necessary to understand whether or not, such investment, especially when it comes from the public source, is an efficient allocation of healthcare resources. Nonetheless, most countries have struggled to measure the return on EMR investment due to the lack of appropriate evaluation frameworks. Methods This paper outlines the development of an evidence-based digital health cost-benefit analysis (eHealth-CBA) framework to calculate the total economic value of the EMR implementation over time. A net positive benefit indicates such investment represents improved efficiency, and a net negative is considered a wasteful use of public resources. Results We developed a three-stage process that takes into account the complexity of the healthcare system and its stakeholders, the investment appraisal and evaluation practice, and the existing knowledge of EMR implementation. The three stages include (1) literature review, (2) stakeholder consultation, and (3) CBA framework development. The framework maps the impacts of the EMR to the quadruple aim of healthcare and clearly creates a method for value assessment. Conclusions The proposed framework is the first step toward developing a comprehensive evaluation framework for EMRs to inform health decision-makers about the economic value of digital investments rather than just the financial value.

Peatlands play an important role in the global environment and the well-being of humans by providing valuable ecosystem services. Yet, anthropogenic activities pose significant hazards for peatland management, including low levels of community participation due to lack of awareness and financial incentives. Understanding the social–cultural and economic value of these ecosystems will raise awareness to protect these important ecosystems. Here, we estimated a total economic value (TEV) of peatland ecosystem services and examined relationships between the TEV and landscape characteristics in Riau province, Indonesia. A questionnaire was used to investigate household socioeconomics, perception of peatland importance, peatland product collection, and willingness to pay for habitat and biodiversity protection from May to June 2023. A total of 200 household individuals (92% confidence) in five villages across distinct landscapes in the Sungai Kiyap-Sungai Kampar Kiri Peatland Hydrological Unit participated in the survey. The respondents obtained numerous advantages from the peatlands with an estimated TEV of USD 3174 per household per year (about 1.3 times their annual income). Approximately 81% showed a use value, especially food provisioning from fish and soil fertility. To a lesser extent, non-use values included a habitat for endemic and endangered species, biodiversity conservation for future generations, and community bonds with sacred forests. The landscape characteristics, illustrating habitat types, biophysical conditions, and property rights regimes, interplay with the relative benefits derived from the peatlands. Proximity to secondary peat swamp forests and riparian zones, especially within protected areas, enhanced economic value. Protected area co-management is essential to balance peatland conservation with sustainable livelihoods. Primary forests need restrictive protection. Meanwhile, buffer zone designation and agroforestry practices, especially in the peatland–farm interface, reduce land use tensions and promote local stewardship. This study can be used as a reference by planners and policymakers to recognize factors that promote effective peatland management, especially those that balance ecosystem protection and livelihood maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: For many countries, especially those outside the USA without incentive payments, implementing and maintaining electronic medical records (EMR) is expensive and can be controversial given the large amounts of investment. Evaluating the value of EMR implementation is necessary to understand whether or not, such investment, especially when it comes from the public source, is an efficient allocation of healthcare resources. Nonetheless, most countries have struggled to measure the return on EMR investment due to the lack of appropriate evaluation frameworks. Methods: This paper outlines the development of an evidence-based digital health cost-benefit analysis (eHealth-CBA) framework to calculate the total economic value of the EMR implementation over time. A net positive benefit indicates such investment represents improved efficiency, and a net negative is considered a wasteful use of public resources. Results: We developed a three-stage process that takes into account the complexity of the healthcare system and its stakeholders, the investment appraisal and evaluation practice, and the existing knowledge of EMR implementation. The three stages include (1) literature review, (2) stakeholder consultation, and (3) CBA framework development. The framework maps the impacts of the EMR to the quadruple aim of healthcare and clearly creates a method for value assessment. Conclusions: The proposed framework is the first step toward developing a comprehensive evaluation framework for EMRs to inform health decision-makers about the economic value of digital investments rather than just the financial value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Valori e Valutazioni is the property of Societa Italiana di Estimo e Valutazione (SIEV) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to quantify the economic value of environmental externalities by proposing an approach tailored to areas designated for “civic uses”. These areas fall within the broader category of “collective goods” on which the legislator places particular emphasis, especially in regard to their protection and enhancement. The technique applied in this study is the total economic value (TEV), quantified through a spatialization and modeling of socioeconomic and environmental variables on Geographic Information Systems. The methodology was used for a specific case study area, the forests of Land Association “Bosco dei Bardi” in the Tuscany region of central Italy. This area exhibits the same characteristics and fulfills the same functions as those designated for civic uses. The results demonstrate the importance of providing public decision-makers with appropriate tools to protect and enhance these areas. The results also underscore the economic significance of forest ecosystem services compared to average regional values. The study finally confirms that Land Associations present a promising avenue for revitalizing abandoned territories, consistent with civic use objectives.

The purpose of the study is an economic assessment of the effectiveness of agroforestry based on determining the value of ecosystem services of an afforested model land object and extrapolating the data obtained to the territory of the south of the Volga upland with identical natural and economic conditions to the model. The study presents a methodology for the economic assessment of ecosystem goods and services of forested agricultural landscapes based on the modern classification of ecosystem services: CICES. It is established that the economic value of the regional ecosystem product provided by forested lands in the dry steppe is USD 1323 per 1 ha of agroforest landscape per year (price for 2021 on average for 30 years). Of these, regulatory and maintenance services account for 52% of the total economic value, security services—45%, and cultural services—3%. The projected economic value of ecosystem services that will be provided by afforested lands in the south of the Volga upland, the price for 2025, taking into account inflation, is estimated at almost USD 20 million. This value is a sufficient justification for conducting forest reclamation works in the region and providing recommendations for their necessity for small enterprises and farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peatlands play an important role in the global environment and the well-being of humans by providing valuable ecosystem services. Yet, anthropogenic activities pose significant hazards for peatland management, including low levels of community participation due to lack of awareness and financial incentives. Understanding the social–cultural and economic value of these ecosystems will raise awareness to protect these important ecosystems. Here, we estimated a total economic value (TEV) of peatland ecosystem services and examined relationships between the TEV and landscape characteristics in Riau province, Indonesia. A questionnaire was used to investigate household socioeconomics, perception of peatland importance, peatland product collection, and willingness to pay for habitat and biodiversity protection from May to June 2023. A total of 200 household individuals (92% confidence) in five villages across distinct landscapes in the Sungai Kiyap-Sungai Kampar Kiri Peatland Hydrological Unit participated in the survey. The respondents obtained numerous advantages from the peatlands with an estimated TEV of USD 3174 per household per year (about 1.3 times their annual income). Approximately 81% showed a use value, especially food provisioning from fish and soil fertility. To a lesser extent, non-use values included a habitat for endemic and endangered species, biodiversity conservation for future generations, and community bonds with sacred forests. The landscape characteristics, illustrating habitat types, biophysical conditions, and property rights regimes, interplay with the relative benefits derived from the peatlands. Proximity to secondary peat swamp forests and riparian zones, especially within protected areas, enhanced economic value. Protected area co-management is essential to balance peatland conservation with sustainable livelihoods. Primary forests need restrictive protection. Meanwhile, buffer zone designation and agroforestry practices, especially in the peatland–farm interface, reduce land use tensions and promote local stewardship. This study can be used as a reference by planners and policymakers to recognize factors that promote effective peatland management, especially those that balance ecosystem protection and livelihood maintenance.

Copyright of Revista Venezolana de Gerencia (RVG) is the property of Revista de Filosofia-Universidad del Zulia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Sumber Semen Nature Tourism Park is the only conservation area in Rembang Regency. This area is designated as a protected area by two ministries mainly because this area is the largest water catchment area in Rembang Regency, part of the North Kendeng Karst Mountains. However, some people does not realize the value of the Sumber Semen area resulting low management participation level. This study aims to identify the area potential, estimate the total economic value of the Sumber Semen area, and determine the level of community dependence. The exploration results showed 124 species of flora, six species of birds, one species of mammal, two species of herpetofauna, and butterflies. Water is utilized for tourism activities, agricultural irrigation, and household necessities. The minimum estimated carbon stock is 468.31 tons/ha. The estimated total economic value is IDR 12,486,219,121/year. The highest economic value is obtained from agricultural activities and the fulfillment of household clean water. The analysis results of economic benefits in the income sharing from total income are included in the very low category (18%). Meanwhile, the income to household expenditures is included in the low category (25%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. The study aimed to estimate the economic value of the ecosystem services provided by the Balatin River Sub-Watershed (BRSW) as a basis for policy recommendations focused on its conservation. Methodology / approach. The economic values were estimated through the Total Economic Value approach. To estimate the use values of the provision of water supply for households and irrigation use, the market price method and productivity method were used, respectively. Meta-analysis benefit transfer was used to estimate the non-use values. Results. An estimated 1,327,560 m3 of water is supplied to households every year with total revenue of PHP 20,626,441.20 per year. PHP 4,026,773.80 is generated annually to provide irrigation water. In addition, regulating services of the BRSW generate an amount of PHP 12,191,487.85 in 2021 price levels as a benefit for the residents. This generates an estimated total economic value of PHP 36,844,702.85 with benefits spread across the users in the community. The water for drinking benefits accrue to the residents whose water is supplied by the BRSW through the Wao Water District, the benefits of irrigation water are mostly received by farmers, and the benefits of regulating services accrue entirely to the residents within the BRSW and the surrounding communities. Originality / scientific novelty. This study was able to obtain a relatively higher estimated value by using multiple valuation methods in contrast to the conventional method of using a single approach. Additionally, the study contributes to addressing the limitation in existing literature particularly in the BRSW and the remaining sub-watersheds of Lanao del Sur which also suffer from degradation. Practical value / implications. The results of this study show that the BRSW is currently an indispensable resource for the municipality. The study is a first in the municipality and can therefore be used as an input in the appraisal of the watershed’s economic value. The estimated economic value generated by the watershed illustrates a portion of what has been neglected over the past decades as the deterioration of BRSW continues.

Environmental valuation (EV) research has advanced significantly as a method of assigning value to environmental goods, many of which lack readily discernible market values. The term "environmental valuation" describes a number of methods for putting monetary values on environmental effects, particularly non-market effects. Over the years, there has been a continuous increase in the number of publications on the topic. According to searches via the Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases, the phrase "environmental valuation" first occurred in 1987. The current research examines patterns in publishing rates over the previous three decades to analyse environmental valuation activity. To identify the future pathway, a research pattern was identified using Scopus, WoS, and the Altmetric Explorer. The data were postprocessed using VOSviewer to identify the mapping networks; then, Voyant Tools were used to explore the keywords. A summary of the demand for environmental valuation is also provided based on the literature review. However, the findings of this historical analysis indicate that despite the academic efforts on this subject, environmental valuation is not used in research as much as one may anticipate. In addition, the study gives a general outline of the future directions that environmental valuation research is anticipated to follow in light of the current academic research initiatives as well as academic market and policy market research efforts. The study shows that the United Kingdom (UK) showed the highest publications by location in this field. Additionally, the study shows that the choice experiment approach is preferred over the contingent valuation method, and this work illustrates this preference. It also demonstrates that only a small number of papers have had a significant influence on the researchers in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify and evaluate ecosystem services and calculate the total economic value of Vjosa Valley, an endangered riverine ecosystem. An instrumental-deliberative approach is used with experts and Albania’s general public. The results show that experts highly evaluate Vjosa Valley for its cultural ecosystem services, while the general public assigns higher importance to regulation ecosystem services. Two monetary measures have been calculated, WTP and WTA. The results indicate no significant differences between WTP and WTA when using a payment card. Participants will pay, on average, 7% of their monthly incomes to protect Vjosa Valley from Hydropower Construction. This study was developed during the pandemic of COVID-19, and the results may be affected by the context; however, it represents the first economic evaluation of this rare ecosystem in Albania and Europe.

The paper comes up with a methodology for evaluating the total economic value of the services provided by a forest ecosystem in a natural park, elaborated by the application of various research and evaluation methods, respectively: desk research, brainstorming, and multi-criteria analysis. In order to carry out the research, five methods of evaluating the value of the services offered by ecosystems, identified in the scientific literature, were selected: 1) Shadow pricing, 2) Production function, 3) Hedonic pricing, 4) Travel cost and 5) Contingent Valuation Method. Afterward, a brainstorming session was organized with the participation of 13 forestry specialists and researchers, who stated their ideas regarding the characteristics that the set of assessment methods of the ecosystem services provided by the Bucegi Natural Park should fulfill. Eight ideas/criteria were maintained: 1) To allow the quantification of the Total Economic Value of ecosystem services through monetary and non-monetary methods; 2) To be specific to the evaluated ecosystem services); 3) To be based on available/existing datasets; 4) To be carried out with the consultation of the interested factors and to respond to the requirements/needs of the central/local authorities and other interested factors, to provide information for making decisions regarding the proper functioning of the park in the context of changes climatic; 5) To have a high degree of objectivity; 6) To be easy/cheap/simple to apply; 7) To be replicable to other parks; 8) The development/testing time should be reasonable. The use of the multi-criteria analysis revealed that the second and the fourth criteria are the most important for being taken into account. Further processing of the data showed that Method 5 - The contingent Valuation Method, is the most appropriate to assess forest ecosystem services in Bucegi Natural Park. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investment needed in global water infrastructure is significant. Infrastructures in water supply and sanitation alone are expected to require USD 6.7 trillion by 2050. These infrastructures must provide investment justifications when seeking funding from disbursement sources, in competition with other services (such as health, education, transport, elderly care etc.). We present a review that identifies monetary valuation gaps in regional and global cost benefit analysis (CBA) guidelines that underpin investment justifications. Case studies of Scandinavian appraisal reports written according to these guidelines indicate an alarmingly low use of monetary valuation on socioeconomic and environmental impacts caused by water sector projects. The findings suggest a need for broader and more accessible recommendations for water sector specific valuation methods. The need to develop a more accessible CBA framework for water infrastructure project managers is theoretically discussed, with emphasis on utilising monetary valuation methods and secondary source data. We identify valuation methods fragmentally discussed in the guidelines that should be adapted and applied, in time and cost-efficient ways, to water infrastructure projects. HIGHLIGHTS Scandinavian water sector CBA appraisals lack monetary valuation of socioeconomic and environmental impacts of water infrastructure projects.; Our study of 15 CBA guidelines reveal fragmented and conservative valuation practices, possibly causing the low CBA practice rate in the water sector.; Secondary data sources can be used as quantitative components in a more accessible and applicable CBA.;

The Tuscan Region (Central Italy) spends about 12 million euros every year in the prevention and suppression of forest fires. In this context, this study aims to analyse the economic and environmental benefits derived from fire suppression activities. Starting from a case study of a real fire event in Tuscany, we simulated three hypothetical scenarios (with different fire durations) without fire extinction activities planned by using the open source software FARSITE. Benefits derived from fire extinction activities can be quantified as the avoided damage, which has been calculated through the estimation of the total economic value of forests not destroyed by fire thanks to the extinction action. The avoided damage is represented by the difference between values of forest areas burned by the real fire event and those burned by simulated fire. By providing an economic estimation of avoided damages, our results confirm that forest fire services and forest management have a high impact on both the economy and the environment.

Abstract Background There is a lack of support for methods and data systems for the writing and impementation of regulatory and policy improvements requiring the evaluation of the net community benefits of integrating nature into cities. Addressing this need, this paper presents essential context and a framework to guide consistent and systematic assessment of the social benefits and costs of biophilic urbanism and other bases for urban greening. We begin with a review of the major characteristics of, and differences between, key urban greening-related terms given the importance of establishing a consistent analytic basis for wellbeing assessment in urban planning strategies. These terms include ‘green cities’, ‘open space’, ‘urban green space’, ‘urban green infrastructure’, ‘biophilia’ and the practice of ‘biophilic urbanism’. Results We propose the use of ‘biophilic urbanism’ as a rubric urban planning term to cover all of the urban environmental interventions involving the intentional provision or protection of biophysical features. Focusing on specific and strategic targets and implementation actions, we then explore the consolidation and methodical assessment of social benefits and costs associated with the benefits of biophilic urbanism, based on total economic value (TEV) conceptual framework and its ability to support net environmental benefit valuation. Conclusions We conclude with an emphasis upon the importance of ensuring structure and methodological rigour in budgets and performance evaluation requirements. This paper has immediate implications for policy makers and regulatory authorities, providing the basis for consistent and transparent evaluation of biophilic urbanism initiatives. It also has implications for urban planners and built environment professionals, highlighting key considerations for design briefs to ensure the adequate integration of nature into urban new-build, refurbishments and revitalisation efforts.

Indigenous cattle not only provide milk, dung and draught power but are also a crucial part of India’s ecological and cultural heritage. Despite this, they are facing threat of extinction. Absence of information regarding their multiple roles and monetary estimates of the benefits, obstructs the investment for their conservation. Current study attempts to assess the economic value of different benefits of one of the best indigenous cattle breeds of India, Sahiwal. Choice experiment was used for collecting primary data from 168 dairy farmers which was then analyzed using random parameter logit model. ʽCultural valueʼ of Sahiwal occupied the major share (29.93%) of total economic value followed by ʽindirect use value (21.25%)ʼ and ʽexistence value (18.40%)ʼ. Interestingly, share of ʽdirect consumptive use valueʼ was comparatively lower. This indicates that any decision on conservation taken solely on the basis of direct consumptive use value is unlikely to maximize the societal welfare. Development of specific market for milk and milk products of Sahiwal, promotion of the breed as symbol of peace and unity through various cultural and heritage parks, and revival of organic farming can incentivize the Sahiwal rearing farmers which can then supplement the conservation efforts of the government

Wild animals are important worldwide because of the multiple values they represent for human societies. Different frameworks have been proposed to understand the values of wildlife from economic and noneconomic perspectives. Despite efforts from different disciplines to provide a holistic framework for the analysis of wildlife values, the focus is still based on the monetary value derived from market prices. Community-oriented approaches to wildlife conservation have an especially strong economic rationale because they depend on the economic costs and benefits that wildlife represents to local communities. However, purely economic approaches ignore that values are subjective and as such are perceived differently among stakeholders according to their social, economic, cultural, and ecological context. The lack of a holistic framework hinders the possibility to provide a clear and practical tool for the resolution of wildlife conservation conflicts and the identification of management options that maximize values. Based on a wide literature review, we propose a comprehensive wildlife value framework (WVF) incorporating the values of wildlife identified in the academic literature into the total economic value (TEV) framework. Costs associated with human-wildlife conflicts are also incorporated as well as subjective perceptions of values based on multidimensional well-being criteria. This work aims to provide a common structure within which different perspectives related to wildlife can be captured to inform multi-actor, multi-objective decision making related to wildlife management.

Natural Protected Areas (NPAs) are areas to be conserved because of their capacity to generate goods and services that benefit the whole population. The anthropic pressure produced by the increase in socio-recreational activities in these areas creates the need to implement measures for their management and conservation. The objective of this work is to economically evaluate the social preferences of the management measures in a NPAs of the Segura river and its surroundings as it passes through Cieza (Region of Murcia, Spain), which has been suffering from a high and growing anthropic pressure. A representative survey of the population of the region where this space is located shows the high acceptance of the new management measures proposed for it. Within these measures, grouped according to the three main sustainability areas (social, economic and environmental), the population shows a greater preference for those of an economic and environmental nature applied in the mountainous area of the NPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protected areas play an essential role in ecosystem conservation and in turn contributing to the generation of income for the national economy, by the ecosystem goods and services they provide. Cuba has few economic assessments of protected areas. This work aims to estimate the Total Economic Value (TEV) of Caguanes National Park (CNP). To this end, the composition of this value was assessed based on the most relevant ecosystem goods and services, according to the author's criteria, and the availability of data to develop economic valuation. The TEV approach was used and several valuation techniques were applied: market prices, gross profit, defensive expenses and value transfers. A total of 34 EGS were identified, 11 were valuated to estimate the TEV. This study presents as its main limitation the absence or difficult access to the information necessary for its realization. However, TEV/ha results in the range of 3,296.00 USD/ha minimum and 8,238.00 USD/ha maximum demonstrate the significant values held by the CNP. It highlights the need of having a multidisciplinary team that integrates natural and socioeconomic criteria to continue updating the TEV of CNP and socialize the results with the necessary actors to contribute to the optimization of management actions in the area, as well as increase human well-being of nearby communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wetlands possess intangible values that are usually overlooked in decision-making processes. Based on questionnaire surveys, this work aims to quantify both the non-use and cultural values provided by the different wetlands of the Po Delta Park (Northern Italy), selected as ideal case study, using willingness to pay (WTP) for wetland conservation and travel cost methods, respectively. Their relationships with socio-economic variables and respondents' preferences for current and future use were also analysed. The 61.39% of participants were willing to pay a mean amount of 95.8 € (±40). The average travel cost was 38.68 € (±6.24), with higher values observed for environmental experts than for other citizens. Wetlands differ significantly in travel costs, current and future use, but not in WTP. Poisson regressions showed that non-use and cultural values were significantly dependent on personal information, preference variables and travel distance. Intangible dimensions, such as bequest and existence values, showed higher valuations/rates than option and direct use values. The results highlight that perceptions of the intrinsic value of nature are influenced by demographic characteristics, distance from the area and desired future uses. Non-use values seem abstract and generalised to the whole area, regardless of the ecological characteristics of the wetland, even though a significant relation to wetland uses was observed. In contrast, cultural values are tied to specific wetlands, as indication of the importance of historical relationships between people and nature. Such findings underline that the different dimensions of intrinsic value of nature may act at different scales and help decision-makers to incorporate such values into environmental accounting. [Display omitted] • Non-use and cultural values of wetlands were assessed the Po delta Park using CVM and travel cost methods. • Non-use values seem generalised to the whole delta area, as no differences among wetlands were observed. • Cultural values are tied to specific wetlands and their uses because of historical people-nature relations. • Intangible values are likely to operate and vary at different scales, requiring a multi-scale analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is widespread debate over how best to consider and integrate nature's diverse value dimensions into decision-making over natural resources. Following an experimental approach, this study tests the impact of a monetary versus non-monetary framing on conservation preferences relating to (hypothetical) mountain and wetland sites in the Basque Country (Spain). The experiment also examines whether these framings evoke different levels of cognitive and experiential reasoning. The experiment was conducted online and had 305 participants from the Basque Country. Findings show that while participants believed non-monetary information (i) better reflects the value of nature, (ii) is more useful than monetary information for environmental decision-making, and (iii) scored it higher in terms of whether the information provided was sufficient to make an informed decision, monetary valuation had a greater pull in determining the actual allocation of the conservation budget. This result has important consequences as it demonstrates that exposure to different forms of information may unwittingly have a significant impact on decision-makers' judgement in management and policy decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the environmental economic value of a typical dairy farm in Mayabeque province, based on the exploitation of a silvopastoral system with Leucaena leucocephala, after 20 years of establishment, the main environmental functions of the agroecosystem were identified, taking into account the theory of total economic value. According to the value category, six functions were identified: milk production, carbon sequestration, nitrogen fixation, soil fertility, soil quality, obtaining renewable energy and biodiversity. Different valuation techniques were applied, depending on each environmental function. The total economic value provided by the livestock ecosystem in the studied year was 52 189.15 USD, which is much higher than if only its productive value had been considered. This research demonstrated the importance of taking into account the environmental economic valuation, as an instrument to achieve the sustainable and integral management of all the components that make up the livestock ecosystems, so that it is possible to achieve their resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the Theory of the Total Economic Value of the Ecosystem, the techniques of economic-environmental valuation allow us to identify the main environmental functions that are directly or indirectly reflected in the market, which makes them one of the most widely used techniques for the economic valuation of the environment. This research was carried out with the aim of estimating the environmental costs and benefits generated in a dairy agro-ecosystem and with the application of economic -environmental valuation methods. To this end, the general functions of support or load, joint production, habitat and regulation at the end of 2018 were studied, applying the dialectical-materialistic method, as the guiding method of the research, in addition to empirical methods based on scientific observation and documentary analysis and the measurement method to describe and analyze the behavior of the functions studied. For the economic-environmental valuation analyses, items such as gross benefit, direct costs and avoided costs were calculated. It was found that the goods and services existing in the dairy ecosystem contribute to the total economic value a very favorable economic benefit, which is supported by a correct management of them, standing out in the contributions made by the functions of joint production, support or load and habitat. The integral analysis of the functions that make up the total economic value of any livestock ecosystem offers the possibility of deepening its efficient management and what this activity contributes in a sustainable manner in Cuba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of Merapi eruption on the value of the environment at Merapi TNGM region.Research carried out around the area oh Mount Merapi adjacent to protect forest area TNGM, covering 13 villages namely Kepuharjo, Glagaharjo Hargobinangun sub district, Cangkringan and Pakem Sleman District, Balerante, Tegalmulyo and Sideredjo, Kemalang sub district, Klaten District, Mranggen, Paten, Mangunsoko and Krinjing Villages, Dukun sub district,Magelang District and Tlogolele, Jrakah and Samiran Villages, Selo Sub District, Boyolali District. The samples used were 220 farmers using simple random sampling method. Studied the impact of Merapi eruption was the eruption in 2006 and most of the 2010 eruption. Environmental economic analysis by the method of Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) were used. The results showed that the eruption of Merapi significantly effected on based use value and existence value. Direct use value (dry trees to firewood, grasses and water consumption value) before and after eruption was 5.935 billions and billions 5.457 IDR per year whereas existence value (willining to pay andwilliningnes to accept value) was 223.90 millions and millions 230.16 IDRper year. The indirect use value (biodiversity, conservation and carbon storage value) on 1.51 billions IDR per year. Based on the total economic value (TotalEconomic Value) of protected forest TNGM, a decline of 0.93 %, TEV values before and after eruption was 7.67 billions and billions 7.20 IDR per year.

Mangrove ecosystems have enormous benefits for the community, especially for people living on the coast. The problems in the management of mangrove forests in Pangkah Kulon and Pangkah Wetan Villages are people did not consider the importance of mangrove ecosystems in terms of economics. The purpose of this study is 1) analysis community perceptions of the mangrove ecosystem; 2) estimating the total economic value of the mangrove ecosystem in Pangkah Kulon and Pangkah Wetan Villages. Data analysis in this study used descriptive and quantitative analysis. Descriptive analysis is used to explain the activity of utilizing mangrove ecosystem resources, while quantitative analysis is used to calculate the perceptions and total economic value of mangrove ecosystems. The method of selecting respondents was purposive and snowball sampling, with a total number of respondents 60 person. Perception analysis using a Likert scale, analysis of the total economic value for the direct-use value using the price of resources used, indirect-use value using replacement costs, and option value using benefit transfers. The average perception of respondents has a value between 3.60 to 4.60, this mean that respondents agree and strongly agree to the functioning of mangrove ecosystems, both in economic, socio-cultural, ecological and physical functions, and respondents have a high dependency on mangrove resources. Analysis of the potential total economic value of the mangrove ecosystem is Rp. 97,547,237,496/year. The total economic value obtained from the direct-use value (utilization of the fisheries sector) amounted to Rp. 51,672,497,300/year, indirect-use value (abrasion restraints and sea waves) amounted to Rp. 45,161,544,004/year, and option value (biodiversity) amounted to Rp.713,196,192/year. The total economic value of the mangrove ecosystem in Pangkah Kulon and Pangkah Wetan Villages shows that the mangrove ecosystem provides great benefits for the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study derives the total economic value of La Pointe des Châteaux, the most important tourism site of Guadeloupe. The study uses the contingent valuation approach and has recourse to descriptive statistics, Turnbull estimation and probit models to obtain and assess in the first instance the use and non-use values of the site. The study reveals that the undiscounted total economic value of La Pointe des Châteaux would easily vary from 4,858,000 euros to 6,250,000 euros per year. The study also indicates that the entrance fee to the amenity would be about 6 euros per individual, per visit and the individual's yearly contribution to a fund geared towards the preservation and improvement of the site would amount to 26 euros. These findings mean that the possibility of developing, managing and preserving the site is real. This is indeed the task that the local authority of the site should focus on, particularly in the context of sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we adapt a new conceptual framework for the assessment of the economics of land degradation and sustainable land management to the Baltic region. The findings show that the problem of land degradation in the countries of the region is quite substantial, manifesting itself through reductions in the provision of land ecosystem services. Using a benefit transfer approach, the total economic value of these losses due to land degradation is estimated to be about 9 billion USD annually. On the other hand, we find that every dollar invested into restoring the degraded land ecosystems may return about 3 dollars in social gains after a 6-year period following the re-establishment of the higher value biome, making actions to address land degradation in the region both environmentally valuable and economically attractive.

In this paper, we adapt a new conceptual framework for the assessment of the economics of land degradation and sustainable land management to the Baltic region. The findings show that the problem of land degradation in the countries of the region is quite substantial, manifesting itself through reductions in the provision of land ecosystem services. Using a benefit transfer approach, the total economic value of these losses due to land degradation is estimated to be about 9 billion USD annually. On the other hand, we find that every dollar invested into restoring the degraded land ecosystems may return about 3 dollars in social gains after a 6-year period following the re-establishment of the higher value biome, making actions to address land degradation in the region both environmentally valuable and economically attractive.

This study is first of its kind for the region in question. It focuses on contingent valuation method evaluation of the biodiversity of Lake Ohrid. The most spectacular quality of this ecosystem is the high biodiversity and extremely high degree of endemism, with an adjusted rate for endemism of 36%. A questionnaire with total of 18 questions, divided into five sections has been distributed in the largest towns in the area, i.e. Pogradec and Ohrid in order to elicit the willingness to pay (WTP) for the protection of the biodiversity of the residents in these areas. The research has been conducted in February 2016 and comprised people with different educational levels, professions and annual incomes. The findings of the valuation indicate that the majority of the residents are willing to pay for protection of the biodiversity. It has been discovered that WTP is positively correlated to the educational level and annual income level of the respondents, but there are no correlations to the gender and mode of payment. Likewise, the mean WTP in Albania has been estimated at 19,87 EUR per year, per household, while in Macedonia it has been 29,31 EUR. The total economic value (TEV) of the biodiversity has been determined for the entire region, i.e. for the population living near Lake Ohrid in both Albania and Macedonia and it has been estimated at 890.010,46 EUR per anum.

Tropical peat forest ecosystems have multiple benefits as regulating hydrological system, carbon storage, timber and non-timber products, and protecting the biodiversity. Lack of understanding of these functions, short-term economic benefits is more preferable despite reducing its ecological benefits. This study proposed a system dynamics model of tropical peat forest ecosystem in determining its optimum management for extractive utilizations (timber and non-timber forest products), environmental services, and biodiversity. A dynamics model was used to describe changes in peatland and forest cover, biomass accumulation and carbon storage, and total economic value of tropical peat forest ecosystem in Trumon and Singkil, Southern Aceh. The projection showed that peat forest ecosystem benefits would decline in the long term if degradations continue at the same rate over last decade. Efforts to change the primary peat forest to plantation would reduce the total economic value of ecosystem and biodiversity values at level -19.63% and -26.28% from current conditions. Carbon emissions were increased at 117.32 ton CO2 eq ha-1 year-1, higher than average of carbon losses from peatland oxidation. Preserving 50% of forest vegetation on moderate depth and protection very deep peatlands would reduce emission -6.96% to -35.06% and increase forest carbon storage at significant rate +15.06% to +63.32%, respectively. These mitigation schemes would improve the biodiversity and hydrological function. Forest rehabilitation with agroforestry practices will enhance carbon uptake, especially on degraded lands.

Ecosystem Services (ES) – the direct (e.g., food and natural medicines) and indirect (e.g., cultural diversity and aesthetic values) benefits people obtain from various ecosystems – need to be assessed to aid decision makers and concerned public in creating policies that ensure continuous flow of ES to their beneficiaries (e.g., fisheries, food, income, livelihood, and traditional way of life to fishers and consumers). However, to date, ES assessments in Philippine reefs are mostly concentrated only on fisheries and tourism or on few areas in the Philippines (e.g., Pangasinan and Bohol Marine Triangle). This study fills research gaps by assessing coral reefs across 15 regions in the Philippines by estimating the following: (1) potential reef fisheries and Willingness-To-Pay (WTP) biodiversity values using underwater surveys and literature data, (2) reef fisheries value using Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) and literature data, (3) tourism value using Department of Tourism (DOT) and literature data, and (4) Total Economic Value (TEV). The TEV of Philippine reefs' ES amounted to 4 billion US$/yr or 140,000 US$/km 2 /yr. Furthermore, in each region of the Philippines, annual TEV ranged from 100 to 800 million US$, with potential reef fisheries value contributing the most in the TEV, followed by reef fisheries, tourism, and WTP biodiversity values. In addition, the Visayas regions have the highest values of benefits from coral reefs. Although the Philippines is deriving millions to billions of dollars of economic benefits from coral reefs, the observed degradation and temporal decline in coastal ecosystems could lead to a decline in the potential reef fisheries value, subsequently the TEV. The Philippines need to improve accounting and managing the derived benefits from coral reefs to ensure the sustainability and continuous flow of these benefits for present and future Filipino beneficiaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to propose Total Economic Value (TEV) framework for Pulau Payar Marine Park (PPMP). Currently, TEV framework for PPMP revealed a few components despite infeasibility of certain main scientific data to be acquired and also under assumption of non-climate change phenomenon. With the MPA exposures towards recent climate change phenomenon, this paper explored the extended areas in Pulau Payar that might contribute either positively or negatively to the value of the PPMP which will assist in marine park management in their policy making. This study conducted along the qualitative paths in which information are gathered through focus group discussions and empirical study relevant to the calamity of coral bleaching. The findings illustrate that there are eight (8) items would contribute to the use and non-use value of the TEV framework.

The abundant availability of bamboos in Indonesia has prompted their possible uses as substitute for conventional raw materials (i.e. woods) which nowadays tend to be dwindling. Bamboo produces a wide range of benefits both tangible and intangible which has not been calculated. The benefits of bamboo do not all have a market price, so that it is necessary to quantify the economic value of bamboo resources in monetary units. This research aims to quantify the total economic value (TEV) of bamboo resources in Sajira subregency as one of the main centers of bamboo area in Lebak Regency. Values of bamboo resources estimated are direct use value (the stumpage value of bamboo), indirect use values such as the value of carbon sequestration and erosion prevention value, and the option value of surat (Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacae). Research methods used are derived residual value approach, market prices, replacement cost method, and Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). Results showed that direct use values (stumpage value of bamboo) is IDR 35,126,575,400, carbon stock value is IDR 224,840,000, erosion prevention value is IDR 695,341,881 and the option value of surat is IDR 82,014,259.TEV of bamboo resources for 140 ha of bamboo stands is IDR 36,128,771,540.

Livestock breed-related public good functions are often used to justify support for endangered breed conservation despite the fact that little is known about such non-market values. We show how stated preference techniques can be used to assess the non-market values that people place on livestock breeds. Through the application of a case study choice experiment survey in Zamora province, Spain, the total economic value (TEV) of the threatened Alistana–Sanabresa (AS) cattle breed was investigated. An analysis of the relative importance of the non-market components of its TEV and an assessment of the socio-economic variables that influence people’s valuation of such components is used to inform conservation strategy design. Overall, the findings reveal that the AS breed had significant non-market values associated with it and that the value that respondents placed on each specific public good function also varied significantly. Functions related with indirect use cultural and existence values were much more highly valued than landscape maintenance values. These high cultural and existence values (totalling over 80% of TEV) suggest that an AS in situ conservation strategy will be required to secure such values. As part of such a strategy, incentive mechanisms will be needed to permit farmers to capture some of these public good values and thus be able to afford to maintain breed population numbers at socially desirable levels. One such mechanism could be related to the development of breed-related agritourism initiatives, with a view to enhancing private good values and providing an important addition to continued direct support. Where linked with cultural dimensions, niche product market development, including through improving AS breed-related product quality and brand recognition may also have a role to play as part of such an overall conservation and use strategy. We conclude that livestock breed conservation strategies with the highest potential to maximise societal welfare would be those that secure the breed-related functions that people value most, with appropriate in situ conservation interventions and strategies being identified accordingly.