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3. Preinvasion Assessment of Exotic Bark Beetle-Vectored Fungi to Detect Tree-Killing Pathogens

Author

Li, You, primary, Bateman, Craig, additional, Skelton, James, additional, Wang, Bo, additional, Black, Adam, additional, Huang, Yin-Tse, additional, Gonzalez, Allan, additional, Jusino, Michelle A., additional, Nolen, Zachary J., additional, Freeman, Stanley, additional, Mendel, Zvi, additional, Kolařík, Miroslav, additional, Knížek, Miloš, additional, Park, Ji-Hyun, additional, Sittichaya, Wisut, additional, Pham, Thai-Hong, additional, Ito, Shin-ichiro, additional, Torii, Masato, additional, Gao, Lei, additional, Johnson, Andrew J., additional, Lu, Min, additional, Sun, Jianghua, additional, Zhang, Zhen, additional, Adams, Damian C., additional, and Hulcr, Jiri, additional

Published
2022
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7. The Effect of Raffaelea quercus-mongolicaeInoculations on the Formation of Non-conductive Sapwood of Quercus mongolica

Author

Torii, Masato, Matsuda, Yosuke, Seo, Sang Tae, Kim, Kyung Hee, Ito, Shin-ichiro, Moon, Myung Jin, Kim, Seong Hwan, and Yamada, Toshihiro

Abstract

AbstractIn Korea, mass mortality of Quercus mongolicatrees has become obvious since 2004. Raffaelea quercus-mongolicaeis believed to be a causal fungus contributing the mortality. To evaluate the pathogenicity of the fungus to the trees, the fungus was multiple- and single-inoculated to the seedlings and twigs of the mature trees, respectively. In both the inoculations, the fungus was reisolated from more than 50% of inoculated twigs and seedlings. In the single inoculations, proportions of the transverse area of non-conductive sapwood at inoculation points and vertical lengths of discoloration expanded from the points were significantly different between the inoculation treatment and the control. In the multiple inoculations, no mortality was confirmed among the seedlings examined. These results showed that R. quercus-mongolicaecan colonize sapwood, contribute to sapwood discoloration and disrupt sap flows around inoculation sites of Q. mongolica, although the pathogenicity of the fungus was not proven.

Published
2014
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8. Preinvasion Assessment of Exotic Bark Beetle-Vectored Fungi to Detect Tree-Killing Pathogens.

Author

You Li, Bateman, Craig, Skelton, James, Bo Wang, Black, Adam, Yin-Tse Huang, Gonzalez, Allan, Jusino, Michelle A., Nolen, Zachary J., Freeman, Stanley, Mendel, Zvi, Kolařík, Miroslav, Knížek, Miloš, Ji-Hyun Park, Wisut Sittichaya, Thai-Hong Pham, Shin-Ichiro Ito, Torii, Masato, Lei Gao, and Johnson, Andrew J.

Subjects
*TREE diseases & pests, *INTRODUCED species, *FORESTS & forestry, *AMBROSIA beetles, *BARK beetles
Abstract

Exotic diseases and pests of trees have caused continental-scale disturbances in forest ecosystems and industries, and their invasions are considered largely unpredictable. We tested the concept of preinvasion assessment of not yet invasive organisms, which enables empirical risk assessment of potential invasion and impact. Our example assesses fungi associated with Old World bark and ambrosia beetles and their potential to impact North American trees. We selected 55 Asian and European scolytine beetle species using host use, economic, and regulatory criteria. We isolated 111 of their most consistent fungal associates and tested their effect on four important southeastern American pine and oak species. Our test dataset found no highly virulent pathogens that should be classified as an imminent threat. Twenty-two fungal species were minor pathogens, which may require context-dependent response for their vectors at North American borders, while most of the tested fungi displayed no significant impact. Our results are significant in three ways; they ease the concerns over multiple overseas fungus vectors suspected of heightened potential risk, they provide a basis for the focus on the prevention of introduction and establishment of species that may be of consequence, and they demonstrate that preinvasion assessment, if scaled up, can support practical risk assessment of exotic pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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