Search

Green synthesis is one of the promising pathways for biologically active nanoscale materials. Herein, an eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) was carried out using an extract of Teucrium stocksianum. The biological reduction and size of NPS were optimized by controlling the physicochemical parameters such as concentration, temperature, and pH. A comparison of fresh and air-dried plant extracts was also undertaken to establish a reproducible methodology. The biosynthesized SNPs were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, SEM, DLS, and XRD analyses. The prepared SNPs exhibited significant biological potential against multi-drug-resistant pathogenic strains. The results revealed that the biosynthesized SNPs exhibit high antimicrobial activity at low concentrations compared to the parent plant extract. Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values were found between 5.3 µg/mL to 9.7 µg/mL for the biosynthesized SNPs, whereas the aqueous extract of the plant showed many high values of MIC, i.e., between 69 and 98 µg/ML. Furthermore, the synthesized SNPs were found efficient in the photolytic degradation of methylene blue under sunlight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Teucrium stocksianum is locally used as home remedy in different parts of the world for the treatment of digestive problems as well as microbial infections. The present study was designed to screen phytochemical constituents and in vitro antimicrobial as well as radical scavenging activities of the leaves extracts from the Teucrium stocksianum. Methods: Plant samples of the Teucrium stocksianum were collected from the growing locality and four different solvents viz., nhexane, methanol, ethanol, and water were used for the preparation of plant extracts. The in vitro biological activities were investigated against eight human pathogens such as like Bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogen, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseusdomonas aeruginosa and Fungi: Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus using agar well diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration. The antioxidant properties were carried out by DPPH and reducing power assays using various concentrations. Results: Results revealed that all pathogens were highly susceptible and inhibited by all solvent extracts. The methanolic and ethanolic leaves extracts exhibited promising antimicrobial activity and inhibited the growth of pathogens at par with the standard drugs viz., chloramphenicol for Bacteria and Fluconazole for fungi. Moreover, performance of methanolic and ethanolic extracts was the best amongst all solvents. In terms of antioxidant properties, both methods i.e., DPPH free radicals and reducing power resulted significant activity. Conclusion: The Phytochemical screening and biological activities of Teucrium stocksianum leaves extracts is reported for the first time. The ethanol, methanol, n-hexane and aqueous extracts of Teucrium stocksianum possess significant inhibitory effect against tested pathogens. The present investigation Teucrium stocksianum leaves extract contain potential antimicrobial components that may be of great use for the development of pharmaceutical industries as a therapy against various diseases. These results denote in-depth analysis of methanolic and ethanolic extracts to search potential compound responsible for antimicrobial activity. The results of the study support the folklore claim along with the development of new antimicrobial drugs from the plant. The results showed that Teucrium stocksianum leaves extracts possess multiple essential phytochemicals. Presence of phenolic compounds in plant extract demonstrates antioxidant activity. Both tests for antioxidant properties exhibited marked effects and can be employed as a potential natural antioxidant agent which may be used for mitigating oxidative stress. Nevertheless, there is need to explore mechanism involved for such kind of activity. The current findings hold up the ethno-pharmacological utilization of plant in the treatment of microbial infections and embrace great perception in the development of unusual antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new triol-based compound, teucriol (1) and eleven others (2–12), were first time isolated from the ethanol extract of Teucrium stocksianum Bioss using bioassay guidelines, and their structures were established using various spectroscopic techniques. Antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal, cytotoxic, phytotoxic, and antioxidant properties of ethanol extract fractions and a novel isolate were tested. When compared to the standard ceftriaxone, the extract, fractions, and novel isolate demonstrated good antibacterial potential against Streptococcus pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli bacteria, while all were inert against Fusarium solani, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Microsporum Canis and Aspergillus flavus fungi, and Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica insects. All fractions showed promising antioxidant activity. Density functional theory was used to optimize the ground state geometry of teucriol (1) at the B3LYP/TZ2P level. The global molecular descriptors, electronic characteristics, molecular electrostatic potential, and Hirshfeld surface analyses were studied to investigate the biological activity of the investigated molecule.

Teucrium stocksianum Boiss. is an aromatic perennial herb. It has long been used traditionally in the treatment of hypertension in northern areas of Pakistan. The aim of this study was to evaluate its folkloric claim as hypotensive plant, phytochemical analysis and to predict potential phytoconstituent through in-silico studies. Hypotensive effect was investigated in anesthetized normotensive Sprague-Dawley rats. Recording of chronotropic and inotropic effect of plant extract in isolated right atria was done using tissue organ bath technique. Further, phytochemical characterization was performed through LC-MS. Whereas docking studies were carried out against M2 mAchR and Ca2+ Channel receptor. Dose dependent reduction in systolic, diastolic, mean arterial pressure and heart rate was observed. Pretreatment with atropine and amlodipine significantly (p<0.001) reduced the hypotensive and negative chronotropic and inotropic effect. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of twenty active compounds including Luteolin, Sarmentosin epoxide and Quinic acid. Docking studies showed pronounced interactions of majority of these phytochemicals with M2 mAch receptor in agonistic way and Ca2+ Channel receptor in antagonistic way. Results speculate that dose dependent hypotensive and bradycardia effect of Teucrium stocksianum are mediated through muscarinic pathway and Ca2+antagonism and is also well predicted by in-silico studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The current era is facing challenges in the management of neoplasia and weeds control. The currently available anti-cancer and herbicidal drugs are associated with some serious side effects. Therefore numerous researchers are trying to discover and develop plant based alternative particularly for the rational management of cancer and weed control. Teucrium stocksianum possess antioxidant and analgesic activities. The current study was designed to evaluate crude saponins (CS), methanolic extract and sub-fractions of T. stocksianum for cytotoxic and phytotoxic potentials. CS, methanolic extract and sub-fractions were extracted from powdered plant material using different solvents. Cytotoxic potential of the extracts at a dose of 10, 100 and 1000 μg/ml were evaluated against Brine shrimp's nauplii. Phytotoxic assay also performed at the same concentration against Lemna minor. Etoposide and Paraquat were used as positive controls in cytotoxic and phytotoxic assays respectively. RESULTS: The percent yield of crude saponins was (5%). CS demonstrated tremendous brine shrimp lethality showing < 10 μg/ml LC50. The n-hexane (HF) and chloroform fractions (CF) demonstrated excellent cytotoxicity with 80 and 55 μg/ml LC50 respectively. Whereas the methanolic extract (TSME), ethyl acetate (EAF) and aqueous fractions (AF) revealed moderate cytotoxicity showing 620, 860 and 1000 μg/ml LC50 values respectively. In phytotoxic assay profound inhibition was displayed by HF (96.67%) and TSME (95.56%, 30 μg/ml LC50) against the growth of Lemna minor at 1000 μg/ml respectively. Both CF and EAF demonstrated profound phytoxicity (93.33%) respectively at highest concentration (1000 μg/ml), while AF and CS demonstrated weak phytotoxicity with 1350 and 710 μg/ml LC50 values respectively. CONCLUSION: Cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity assays indicated that the crude saponins, n-hexane and chloroform fractions of T. stocksianum could play a vital role in the treatment of neoplasia and as potential natural herbicides. Therefore these sub-fractions are recommended for further investigation with the aim to isolate novel anti-cancer and herbicidal compounds.

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the antinociceptive activity of the selected Pakistani medicinal plants (Chenopodium botrys, Micromeria biflora and Teucrium stocksianum) in-vivo followed by their antioxidant potential against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazyl (DPPH) in-vitro. The results demonstrated profound antinociceptive effect of both the crude methanolic extract of Chenopodium botrys (CBM) and subsequent aqueous fraction (CBW) of C. botrys with 80.76% and 84% pain relief in acetic acid induced writhing test at 100 mg/kg i.p respectively. Similarly the crude methanolic extract of Micromeria biflora (MBM) and its subsequent aqueous fraction (MBW) with 66.46% 78.08% pain reversal in acetic acid induced writhing test respectively at 100mg/kg i.p. However, the crude methanolic extract and isolated water fraction of Teucrium stocksianum (TS) did not show any significant effect at test doses. Both the crude extracts and aqueous fractions of selected medicinal plants exhibited marked scavenging effects on DPPH and therefore strongly support the antinociceptive activity. Phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of various classes of natural products (alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids etc.) and thus the current finding can be attributed to the presence of these compounds. In short, our findings provide a strong scientific background to the folk uses C. botrys and M. biflora in the management of various painful conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential oil of the aerial parts of Teucrium Stocksianum Boiss. subsp. Stocksianum (Lamiaceae) from Iran (collected in Siahu, Province Hormozegan, South of Iran) was analyzed by capillary GC, GC/MS techniques. The major constituents were -Pinene (36.60%), -pinene (14.16%) and - Cubebene(5.04%).

Background: Despite availability of a substantial number of potent synthetic drugs, medicinal plants are still playing a key role in the discovery of novel and effective drug molecules. Numerous researchers are focusing on the plant based medicines due to its strong safety profiles. Teucrium species exhibit profound antidiabetic, analgesic and spasmolytic activities. The methanolic extract and essential oil of Teucrium stocksianum possess strong antinociceptive activity. The aim of the current research study was to determine the phytochemicals, antioxidant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of the aqueous extract of Teucrium stocksianum Bioss (AETS). Method: Phytochemical screening was carried out according to standard procedures. The antioxidant potential of the extract was ascertained with the stable organic free radical (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl). Three different pain models, including acetic acid induced writhing, formalin induced paw licking and tail immersion tests were carried out for the determination of antinociceptive potential, while the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated through carrageenan induced paw edema test in mice. The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory potentials of AETS were assessed at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight, while acute toxicity were observed at 1500 mg/kg body weight in various groups of mice. Results: Phytochemical screening has shown the occurrence of flavonoids saponins, reducing sugars, terpenoids and tannins. AETS exhibited profound antioxidant activity and has shown maximum activity (60.06 ± 0.846) at 250 µg/ml. In the three pain models AETS displayed marked dose dependent antinociceptive potential. AETS exhibited 63.5, 67.61 and 64 % activity in acetic acid induced, formalin induced paw licking and tail immersion tests respectively. The antinociceptive effect of AETS and reference standard drug TramadolR was significantly reversed by Naloxone, endorsed the central analgesic potential of AETS. Similarly the extract also reversed the paw edema in dose dependent manner. AETS displayed significant (53.81 %) anti-inflammatory effects at a dose of 300 mg/kg that persisted till 5th h. In acute toxicity test AETS was found safe at 1500 mg/kg body weight. Conclusions: AETS exhibited profound antioxidant activity. The test sample displayed marked antinociceptive potential in all the test procedures, indicating the peripheral and central analgesic effects of AETS. The plant extract also displayed marked anti-inflammatory activity at all test doses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Teucrium stocksianum (T. stocksianum) is one of the important members of the genus Teucrium which contains numerous biologically active compounds. Traditionally, it is used for the treatment of fever, pain, as expectorant and blood purifier. Researchers are trying to discover plants origin, novel and safe remedies for the management of various ailments. The present study was aimed to determine the possible anti-inflammatory mechanism of ethyl acetate extract of T. stocksianum. Methods: Preliminary, the ethanolic extract and sub-fractions were screened for anti-inflammatory potential at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg (i.p) body weight, using carrageenan induced paw edema test in mice. In-order to determine the possible mechanism of anti-inflammatory effect, the ethyl acetate fraction was ascertained with different phlogistic agents like histamine, bradykinin, prostaglandins E2 and arachedonic acid via paw edema test in mice. Results: The ethanolic extract and sub-fractions of I stocksianum displayed marked to moderate anti-inflammatory activity in a carrageenan induced paw edema test in mice. Among the sub-fractions, ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) demonstrated excellent (66 %) anti-inflammatory action at the highest tested dose (300 mg/kg) that reached to the maximum value at 3rd hour after carrageenan injection and remained significant (***P < 0.001) till 5th hour of test sample administration. EAF revealed moderate effect against the paw edema induced by histamine (31.048 %) while non-significant results (18.148 %) were observed against the edema induced by bradykinin. The extract demonstrated significant (66.23-73.076 %) anti-inflammatory potential against the edematogenic effect of prostaglandin E2. Moreover, the extract also significantly inhibited (51.33 %) the paw edema induced by arachedonic acid. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the EAF has dual action and produced the anti-inflammatory effect by blocking both pathways of arachedonic acid metabolites (cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase). Thus validating the traditional use of T. stocksianum and could provide a source of novel, effective and safe drug for the treatment of inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Oxidative stress and analgesia are connected with different pathological conditions. The drug candidates from synthetic sources are associated with various side effects; therefore, researchers are giving priority to find novel, effective and safe phytomedicines. Teucrium species possesses antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. The essential oils of Teucrium stocksianum have shown strong antinociceptive potential. Our current study is designed to embark total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant and antinociceptive potential of the methanolic extract of Teucrium stocksianum (METS). Method Phytochemical composition was determined by using standard methods. Free radical scavenging potential and TPC of METS were assessed by using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent (FCR) respectively. Antinociceptive potential was determined by acetic acid induced abdominal writhing, formalin induced paw licking and tail immersion tests. Different test dose 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight of METS were administered intra peritonealy (i.p) to various groups of mice for the evaluation of analgesic potential. Results Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, anthraquinone, steroid, phlobatannin, terpenoid, glycoside and reducing sugars. METS was found safe at a dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight. A concentration dependent free radical scavenging effect was observed with methanolic aerial parts extract of Teucrium stocksianum (MAPETS) and methanolic roots extracts of Teucrium stocksianum (MRETS). MAPETS and MRETS have shown highest antioxidant activity 91.72% and 86.19% respectively at 100 μg/ml. MAPETS was found more rich (115.32 mg of GAE/g of dry material) in TPC as compared to MAPETS (105.41 mg of GAE/g). METS demonstrated a dose dependent antinociceptive potential in different pain models, like in acetic acid, formalin and tail immersion showing 83.103%, 80.872% and 67.58% at a dose of 150 mg/kg, similar to acetylsalicylic acid (74.79%, 82.87%, 100 mg/kg) and TramadolR (74%, 30 mg/kg) respectively. Conclusion Strong antioxidant potential and high TPCs are residing in the methanolic extract of T. stocksianum. METS showed analgesic potential in all models of nociception implying that both peripheral and central pathways of analgesia are involved. This might be due to the presence of various classes of phytochemicals in the plant extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new triol-based compound, teucriol (1) and eleven others (2 – 12), were first time isolated from the ethanol extract of Teucrium stocksianum Bioss using bioassay guidelines, and their structures were established using various spectroscopic techniques. Antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal, cytotoxic, phytotoxic, and antioxidant properties of ethanol extract fractions and a novel isolate were tested. When compared to the standard ceftriaxone, the extract, fractions, and novel isolate demonstrated good antibacterial potential against Streptococcus pneumonia , Staphylococcus aureus , Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli bacteria, while all were inert against Fusarium solani, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Microsporum Canis and Aspergillus flavus fungi, and Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica insects. All fractions showed promising antioxidant activity. Density functional theory was used to optimize the ground state geometry of teucriol (1) at the B3LYP/TZ2P level. The global molecular descriptors, electronic characteristics, molecular electrostatic potential, and Hirshfeld surface analyses were studied to investigate the biological activity of the investigated molecule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Medicinal plants are used for the treatment of different diseases in almost all cultures. Teucrium species grow wildly at different geographical locations around the world. Teucrium stocksianum is used in folk medicine for the treatment of diarrhea, cough, jaundice and abdominal pain. Scientific study on Teucrium stocksianum shows that it possesses anthelmintic, cytotoxic and antispasmodic activity. The aim of our present study is to identify the chemical composition and antinociceptive potential of the essential oil extracted from Teucrium stocksianum bioss.Method: Essential oil (EO) from the aerial parts of Teucrium stocksianum were extracted by hydrodistillation process.The qualitative and quantitative composition of essential oil was determined with Gas chromatography/Mass spectrometer. Antinociceptive activity was determined by acetic acid induced writhing method. Percent inhibition of writhes of the test concentration was determined by comparing it with that of control. Tween-80 emulsion 2.5%(5 ml/kg b.w) was used as a control while Diclofenic sodium 50 mg/kg (b.w) was used as a standard drug.Results: The chromatogram of the essential oil of Teucrium stocksianum shows differences both qualitatively and quantatively from essential oil composition reported in other countries. Hydrodistillation of Teucrium stocksianum yielded 0.4% (v/w), pale yellowish oil on dry basis. A total of 26 chemicals were identified by GC-MS accounting for90.28% of the oil. The major components of essential oil were δ-cadinene (12.92%), α-pinene (10.3%), myrcene(8.64%), β-caryophyllene (8.23%), germacrene D (5.18%) and limonene (2.36%). Essential oil of Teucrium stocksianum has shown outstanding antinociceptive activity. It has been observed that increase in percent writhe inhibition(PWI) occurred from 20-80 mg/kg (b.w) and maximum writhe inhibition has been noted at a concentration of80 mg/kg (b.w), but PWI decreased at 160 mg/kg, which may be due to some toxic effect of higher dose. ED50value for Teucrium stocksianum was calculated as 31.5 ± 1.72415 mg/kg (b.w).Conclusion: Our results indicate that there is a lot of variation in the composition of essential oil of Teucrium stocksianum boiss, which may be due to different climatic and experimental conditions. Secondly, the essential oil possesses strong antinociceptive activity and could be used in analgesic preparations especially for topical use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Medicinal plants are used for the treatment of different diseases in almost all cultures. Teucrium species grow wildly at different geographical locations around the world. Teucrium stocksianum is used in folk medicine for the treatment of diarrhea, cough, jaundice and abdominal pain. Scientific study on Teucrium stocksianum shows that it possesses anthelmintic, cytotoxic and antispasmodic activity. The aim of our present study is to identify the chemical composition and antinociceptive potential of the essential oil extracted from Teucrium stocksianum bioss. Method Essential oil (EO) from the aerial parts of Teucrium stocksianum were extracted by hydrodistillation process. The qualitative and quantitative composition of essential oil was determined with Gas chromatography/Mass spectrometer. Antinociceptive activity was determined by acetic acid induced writhing method. Percent inhibition of writhes of the test concentration was determined by comparing it with that of control. Tween-80 emulsion 2.5% (5 ml/kg b.w) was used as a control while Diclofenic sodium 50 mg/kg (b.w) was used as a standard drug. Results The chromatogram of the essential oil of Teucrium stocksianum shows differences both qualitatively and quantatively from essential oil composition reported in other countries. Hydrodistillation of Teucrium stocksianum yielded 0.4% (v/w), pale yellowish oil on dry basis. A total of 26 chemicals were identified by GC-MS accounting for 90.28% of the oil. The major components of essential oil were δ-cadinene (12.92%), α-pinene (10.3%), myrcene (8.64%), β-caryophyllene (8.23%), germacrene D (5.18%) and limonene (2.36%). Essential oil of Teucrium stocksianum has shown outstanding antinociceptive activity. It has been observed that increase in percent writhe inhibition (PWI) occurred from 20-80 mg/kg (b.w) and maximum writhe inhibition has been noted at a concentration of 80 mg/kg (b.w), but PWI decreased at 160 mg/kg, which may be due to some toxic effect of higher dose. ED50 value for Teucrium stocksianum was calculated as 31.5 ± 1.72415 mg/kg (b.w). Conclusion Our results indicate that there is a lot of variation in the composition of essential oil of Teucrium stocksianum boiss, which may be due to different climatic and experimental conditions. Secondly, the essential oil possesses strong antinociceptive activity and could be used in analgesic preparations especially for topical use.