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Pleurotus geesteranus, being rich in nutrients and moisture, easily loses water and wilts after harvest, reducing its commercial value. Furthermore, film packaging leads to excessive humidity in the internal environment, causing products to decay. In this study, polylactic acid (PLA) and chitosan (CS) were used as film-forming substrates to prepare a one-way moisture barrier bilayer film containing 0.25% cinnamaldehyde nano-emulsion (CANE). The microstructure, physical properties, optical properties, mechanical properties, moisture barrier properties and sustained release behavior of the film were investigated and its application in the preservation of P. geesteranus was evaluated. The results showed that the combination between PLA and CS could effectively make up for the defects of the monomer film, and the layers in the composite film with 0.25% CANE were tightly bound to each other, with a retention rate of 42% for cinnamaldehyde (CA). The film had strong ultraviolet resistance and the smallest settling speed of water droplets. The P layer had good water vapor barrier properties, and the C layer had good hydrophilicity. Compared with polyethylene (PE) film packaging, the 0.25% CANE-PLA-CS bilayer film significantly inhibited the browning and respiratory intensity of P. geesteranus during postharvest storage, delayed the increase in mass loss, soluble solids content, browning degree, electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, reduced the activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) and maintained higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. These results indicated that the one-way moisture barrier bilayer film could effectively delay the browning and aging of P. geesteranus and maintain its commercial value. This study provides theoretical support for the preparation of novel packaging materials for mushrooms and is of guiding significance to the reduction of post-harvest loss of P. geesteranus.

Studies have shown that Geotrichum citri-aurantii can adjust the pH of infection sites to enhance its pathogenicity, and PacC, a key transcription factor in the pH signal transduction pathway, plays an important role in fungal response to environmental pH changes, but the role of PacC in G. citri-aurantii remains unclear. In this study, two candidate PacC genes were annotated from the genome of G. citri-aurantii and analyzed by bioinformatics methods and their expression patterns under different pH conditions were also studied. The results showed that PacC1 and PacC2 belonged to the C2H2 protein family, and were closely related to the PacC of Penicillium digitatum. PacC1 and PacC2 had differences in chromosomal location, protein molecular mass and isoelectric point. Under in vitro conditions, G. citri-aurantii could adapt to a wide range of pH, and the optimal pH value was found to be 3.0. The expression of PacC1 and PacC2 was regulated by pH, and their expression trends were similar. Under in vivo conditions, the pH of sour rot lesions in ‘Miyagawa-wase’ mandarin fruit tissue at pH > 3.0 decreased significantly with the progression of the disease, while the pH of sour rot lesions in Eureka lemon fruit tissue at pH < 3.0 increased significantly, and the relative expression levels of PacC1 and PacC2 showed an increasing trend. In conclusion, it can be seen that the environmental pH affects the growth of G. citri-aurantii, which in turn regulates the environmental pH. Due to the differences in gene structure and physicochemical properties, the degree and mode of pH response are different between the two PacC genes. They play an important role in the wide pH adaptability of G. citri-aurantii and in accelerating its infection process in citrus fruit.

Aloe emodin is an anthraquinone of traditional Chinese medicine monomer, which plays a protective action in cardiovascular diseases. However, the regulatory mechanisms of aloe emodin in the protection of radiation‐induced heart damage (RIHD) are unclear. As a novel post‐translational modification, lactylation is considered as a critical mediator in inflammatory cascade and cardiac injury. Here, using a cross of differential omics and 4D label‐free lactylation omics, protein disulfide‐isomerase (P4HB) is identified as a novel target for lactylation, and aloe emodin inhibits the binding of lactate to the K311 site of P4HB. Aloe emodin stabilizes kynurenine metabolism through inhibition of aspartate aminotransferase (GOT2) accumulation on damaged mitochondria. Mechanistically, aloe emodin inhibits phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3B (p‐GSK3B) transcription in the nucleus to repress the interaction of prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (PTGS2) with SH3 domain of SH3 domain‐containing GRB2‐like protein B1 (SH3GLB1), thereby disrupting the functions of mitochondrial complexes and reducing SH3GLB1‐mediated mitoROS accumulation, eventually suppressing calcium‐binding and coiled‐coil domain‐containing protein 2 (NDP52)‐induced mitophagy. This study unveils the regulatory role of aloe emodin in RIHD alleviation through PTGS2/SH3GLB1/NDP52 axis, indicates aloe emodin stabilizes GOT2‐mediated kynurenine metabolism through P4HB lactylation. Collectively, this study provides novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying the protective role of aloe emodin in cardiac injury, and opens new avenues for therapeutic strategies of aloe emodin in preventing RIHD by regulating lactylation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ripening of the model fruit tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is controlled by a transcription factor network including NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) domain proteins such as No-ripening (NOR), SlNAC1, and SlNAC4, but very little is known about the NAC targets or how they regulate ripening. Here, we conducted a systematic search of fruit-expressed NAC genes and showed that silencing NOR-like1 (Solyc07g063420) using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) inhibited specific aspects of ripening. Ripening initiation was delayed by 14 days when NOR-like1 function was inactivated by CRISPR/Cas9 and fruits showed obviously reduced ethylene production, retarded softening and chlorophyll loss, and reduced lycopene accumulation. RNA-sequencing profiling and gene promoter analysis suggested that genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis (SlACS2, SlACS4), color formation (SlGgpps2, SlSGR1), and cell wall metabolism (SlPG2a, SlPL, SlCEL2, and SlEXP1) are direct targets of NOR-like1. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR), and dual-luciferase reporter assay (DLR) confirmed that NOR-like1 bound to the promoters of these genes both in vitro and in vivo, and activated their expression. Our findings demonstrate that NOR-like1 is a new positive regulator of tomato fruit ripening, with an important role in the transcriptional regulatory network.

Precipitates have been shown to harden bulk piezoelectric ceramics, manifested as their increased mechanical quality factor. In this work with a model system (Ba,Ca)TiO3, we analyze the morphologies of CaTiO3-rich precipitates and their impacts on the microstructures in their surrounding BaTiO3-rich matrix. Also, the response of ferroelectric domains around CaTiO3-rich precipitates during heating and cooling is observed in situ with transmission electron microscopy. Domains attached to precipitates are observed remaining unchanged up to the Curie point at which they disappear. During cooling, domains are observed to form in the vicinity of precipitates and being held in place down to room temperature. Both observations corroborate previous findings that precipitates act as domain-pinning points, behaving in a similar manner to earlier experiments with electrical field biasing. Dislocations are often seen around precipitates in the matrix grain and are observed interfering with domains during heating cycles. Dislocations may provide an additional mechanism to restrict domain wall motion and offer a greater piezoelectric hardening effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extraction of U(VI) in water is of great significance in energy and environmental fields. However, the traditional methods usually fail due to the indispensable extra addition of catalyst, adsorbent, precipitant, or sacrificial agents, which may lead to enhanced extraction costs and secondary pollution. Here, a new efficient uranium extraction strategy is proposed based on triboelectricity without adding a catalyst or other additives. It is found only under the friction between the microbubbles (generated under ultrasonication) and the water flow, that reactive oxygen species (ROS) can largely be generated, which thus contributes to the solidification of U(VI) from water. In addition, the magnetic field can affect the phase of the product. Under mechanical stirring, the product contains (UO2)O2·2H2O, while which contains UO2(OH)2 and (UO2)O2·4H2O under the magnetic stirring. Quenching experiments are also carried out to explore the influence of environmental factors. Most importantly, it shows great potential in the extraction of U(VI) from seawater. This work proposes a catalyst‐free and light‐free strategy toward the solidification of U(VI) from water, which avoids the secondary pollution of the catalyst to the environment and is low‐cost, and has great potential in the real application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a clinical prediction model for diagnosing Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) based on indicators associated with its occurrence. Patients and Methods: This study included a total of 26,637 individuals who underwent health examinations at the Jiaxing First Hospital Health Examination Center from January 19, 2022, to December 31, 2022. They were randomly divided into training (n = 18645) and validation (n = 7992) sets in a 7:3 ratio. Firstly, the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression algorithm was employed for variable selection. Subsequently, a multifactor Logistic regression analysis was conducted to establish the predictive model, accompanied by nomograms. Thirdly, model validation was performed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, Harrell's concordance index (C-index), calibration plots, and Decision Curve Analysis (DCA), followed by internal validation. Results: In this study, six predictive indicators were selected, including Body Mass Index, Triglycerides, Blood Pressure, High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, and Fasting Blood Glucose. The model demonstrated excellent predictive performance, with an AUC of 0.978 (0.976– 0.980) for the training set and 0.977 (0.974– 0.980) for the validation set in the nomogram. Calibration curves indicated that the model possessed good calibration ability (Training set: Emax 0.081, Eavg 0.005, P = 0.580; Validation set: Emax 0.062, Eavg 0.007, P = 0.829). Furthermore, decision curve analysis suggested that applying the nomogram for diagnosis is more beneficial when the threshold probability of MetS is less than 89%, compared to either treating-all or treating-none at all. Conclusion: We developed and validated a nomogram based on MetS risk factors, which can effectively predict the occurrence of MetS. The proposed nomogram demonstrates significant discriminative ability and clinical applicability. It can be utilized to identify variables and risk factors for diagnosing MetS at an early stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal organic frameworks(MOFs) is a new type of crystalline porous material, which has the characteristics of high surface area, high porosity and low synthesis cost. MOFs have been widely used in the field of catalysis due to its unique porous structure and discrete active centers. Firstly, the types and synthesis methods of common MOFs are introduced, and the characteristics of different synthesis methods are summarized. Then, the latest research progress of MOFs as photocatalysts for the efficient removal of heavy metals, dyes, and antibiotics in wastewater is reviewed. The photocatalysis of MOFs and composite materials on different pollutants, reaction efficiency, and various experimental conditions are performed. Finally, the prospects and challenges of MOFs as photocatalysis in wastewater treatment are discussed.