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Climate extremes pose severe threats to human health, economic stability and environmental sustainability, especially in densely populated areas. It is generally believed that global warming drives increase in frequency, intensity and duration of climate extremes, and socioeconomic exposure plays a dominant role in climate impacts. In order to promote climate risk governance at regional level, the historical and projected trends in the population exposure to climate extremes are quantified in eastern China using downscaled climate simulations and population growth scenarios. The frequency of temperature extremes (tx35days) is projected to more than double by 2050 in nearly half of prefecture-level cities in eastern China, leading to an 81.8% increment of total exposure under SSP2-4.5 scenario. The increasing trend is also detectable in the frequency of precipitation extremes (r20mm) in eastern China, and the exposure increment is projected to be 22.9% by 2050, with a near equivalent contributions of both climate change and population growth. Spatially, temperature exposure mainly grows in southern Hebei, western Shandong and inland Guangdong provinces, while precipitation exposure raises principally in southeast coastal areas of China. Based on the historical baseline and projected amplification of population exposure, we identify some hotspot cities such as Guangzhou, Shanghai, Dongguan and Hangzhou that response to climate change dramatically and confront greater potential risk of climate extremes in the coming future.

Abstract Recurrence is a challenge to survival after the initial treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). But, its mechanism remains elusive and there are currently no biomarkers to predict postoperative recurrence. Here, the possibility of sterile alpha motif domain‐containing protein 9 (SAMD9) as a predictor of postoperative recurrence of ESCC is evaluated and the molecular mechanisms by which SAMD9 promotes ESCC recurrence are elucidated. The authors found that the high level of SAMD9 is correlated with postoperative recurrence and poor prognosis of ESCC. Overexpression of SAMD9 promotes tumor stemness, angiogenesis, and EMT, while downregulation of SAMD9 reduced these phenotypes. Mechanistically, it is found that SAMD9 stimulated ubiquitination‐mediated glycogen synthase kinase‐3 beta (GSK‐3β) degradation by interaction with myosin‐9 (MYH9) and TNF receptor‐associated factor 6 (TRAF6), which in turn activated Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. Further, the authors demonstrated that silencing SAMD9 inhibited lung metastasis and tumor formation in vivo. Finally, the authors found that silencing MYH9 or β‐catenin, or overexpressing GSK‐3β inhibited SAMD9‐stimulated ESCC cell stemness, EMT, angiogenesis, metastasis, and tumorigenicity. Together, the findings indicate that the SAMD9/MYH9/GSK3β/β‐catenin axis promotes ESCC postoperative recurrence and that SAMD9 is a crucial target for ESCC therapy. Additionally, SAMD9 has the potential as a predictor of postoperative recurrence in ESCC.

Traditional vehicular edge computing research usually ignores the mobility of vehicles, the dynamic variability of the vehicular edge environment, the large amount of real‐time data required for vehicular edge computing, the limited resources of edge servers, and collaboration issues. In response to these challenges, this article proposes a vehicular edge computing optimization scheme based on the Lyapunov function and Deep Reinforcement Learning. In this solution, this article uses Digital Twin technology (DT) to simulate the vehicular edge environment. The edge server DT is used to simulate the vehicular edge environment under the edge server, and the base station DT is used to simulate the entire vehicular edge system environment. Based on the real‐time data obtained from DT simulation, this paper defines the Lyapunov function to simplify the migration cost of vehicle tasks between servers into a multi‐objective dynamic optimization problem. It solves the problem by applying the Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (TD3) algorithm. Experimental results show that compared with other algorithms, this scheme can effectively optimize the allocation and collaboration of vehicular edge computing resources and reduce the delay and energy consumption caused by vehicle task processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addressing the issue of poor water injection development effectiveness caused by strong water sensitivity damage in the conglomerate reservoirs of the Xinjiang Oilfield, this paper carries out experimental research on CO2 displacement and CO2 huff-n-puff to improve oil recovery in reservoirs under the conditions of reservoirs (86 °C, 44 MPa) by using a high-temperature and high-pressure large physical modeling repulsion device based on the artificial large-scale physical modeling of conglomerate oil reservoirs in the Xinjiang oilfield. The results showed that at any displacement rate, CO2 displacement exhibits the trend where oil production initially increases and then decreases. The higher the gas injection rate, the higher the initial oil well production, and the shorter the time it takes for CO2 to break through to the bottom of the well. After a breakthrough, production declines more rapidly. The oil recovery rate varies with different gas injection rates, initially increasing and then decreasing as the injection rate changes. The highest oil recovery rate was observed at an injection rate of 1.5 mL/min (equivalent to 38 t/d in the field). The efficiency of CO2 displacement with multiple injection-production cycles is low; on the same scale of gas injection, single-cycle injection and production were more effective than multiple-cycle injection and production. CO2 huff-n-puff can improve oil recovery, with a higher CO2 injection pressure and a longer shut-in time leading to greater oil recovery. As the shut-in time increases, the efficiency of CO2 oil exchange also improves. The strong supply capacity of the large physical model results in a tendency for the oil production curves of multiple huff-n-puff cycles to converge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the dynamic mechanical system with multiple failure correlation, the copula function is used to describe the correlation of failure modes among units, and a reliability model of dynamic mechanical system with multiple failure correlations is proposed. The reliability problem of complex system is transformed into multiple two-dimensional pair copula functions by using R-Vine copula function. The optimal R-Vine structure is selected by using MST algorithm. The time-varying parameters in the model are described by nonparametric kernel density estimation（KDE）. The common series parallel system（hybrid system） in mechanical system is modeled and analyzed. Finally, the effectiveness of the model is verified by an example of spacecraft open and close shafting.

AIM: To compare binocular visual quality of bilateral implantation of a toric bifocal intraocular lens(IOL)or a nontoric bifocal IOL and mix-and-match implantation of a toric bifocal IOL and a nontoric bifocal IOL.METHODS: A cross-sectional study. One hundred and eight eyes of 54 cases were included from January 2020 to January 2021. All participants were divided into three groups according to preexist corneal astigmatism and IOL type. In group A, cornea astigmatism was less than 1.0D in both eyes of 21 cases and bifocal IOLs were implanted. In group B, cornea astigmatism was more than 1.0D in both eyes of 15 cases and toric bifocal IOLs were implanted. In group C, 18 cases of one eye with cornea astigmatism less than 1.0D were implanted with bifocal IOLs, and the other eye with astigmatism more than 1.0D were implanted with toric bifocal IOLs. Preoperative intraocular pressure(IOP), monocular uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA), equivalent spherical, postoperative binocular corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA), UDVA, uncorrected intermediate visual acuity(UIVA), uncorrected near visual acuity(UNVA), residual astigmatism, defocus curve and contrast sensitivity were compared among the three groups. Postoperative questionnaire was conducted to evaluate the visual quality of the three groups.RESULTS: There were no significant differences in preoperative UDVA and IOP among the three groups(P>0.05). The postoperative residual astigmatism in group A was significantly higher than the other two groups(P=0.012, P0.5).CONCLUSION: Mix-and-match implantation of a toric bifocal IOL and nontoric bifocal IOL can effectively improve postoperative binocular visual quality in cataract patients. Correcting astigmatism helps improve the visual contrast sensitivity, however, when astigmatism is completely corrected, it may result in a loss of intermediate vision in patients after surgery.

A comprehensive modeling framework for the thermoforming of polymer matrix woven laminate composite was developed. Two numerical indicators, the slip path length and traction magnitude, have been identified to be positively correlated to matrix smearing and wrinkling defects. The material model has been calibrated with picture-frame experimental results, and the prediction accuracy for intra-ply shear and thickness distribution was examined with measurements of the physically formed parts. Specifically, thickness prediction for most locations on the formed parts was accurate within an 11.6% error margin. However, at two points with significant intra-ply shear, the prediction errors increased to around 20%. Finally, a parametric study was conducted to determine the relationship between various process parameters and the quality of the formed part. For the trapezoidal part, orienting the laminate at 45 degrees to the mold axis reduces the likelihood of matrix smear and wrinkling defects. Although this laminate orientation yielded a greater spatial variation in part thickness, the thickness deviation is lower than that for the 0-degree orientation case. Two forming analyses were conducted with ramp rates of 25 mm/s and 80 mm/s to match the equipment's operational limits. It was observed that higher forming rates led to a greater likelihood of defects, as evidenced by a 15% and 10% increase in the formed part areas with longer slip paths and higher traction magnitudes, respectively. It was discovered that shallower molds benefit from faster ramp rates, while deeper molds require slower rates to manage extensive shearing, stretching and bending. Faster forming rates lead to smaller thickness increases at high intra-ply shear regions, indicating a shift from intra-ply shear to out-of-plane bending due to the visco-plastic effect of the molten laminate and can negatively impact part quality. Lastly, it was shown that a well-conceived strategy using darts could improve the part quality by reducing the magnitude of the defect indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myopia has become an important public health problem to be solved urgently. Posterior chamber phakic implantable Collamer lens (ICL) implantation is one of the latest and safest products for myopia correction worldwide. This prospective cross-sectional case series aimed to observe changes in the macular retinal thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness of para-optic disk region, and blood flow density after posterior ICL implantation in patients with high myopia using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). A total of 67 eyes of 67 patients with high myopia, who underwent ICL implantation at The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2020 and December 2020, were included. The spherical equivalent (SE) of the operative eyes was >−6.00 D. The changes in vision, intraocular pressure (IOP), SE, and vault were observed pre-operatively, and follow-up were performed 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. OCTA was used to observe the changes in the CRT, retinal thickness of paracentral fovea, FAZ, superficial and deep retinal blood flow density in the macular area, RNFL thickness of para-optic disk region, and blood flow density before and after ICL implantation. The uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and best corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) of the patients post-operation were significantly improved (P < 0.001). The IOP increased in comparison with other time points at 1 week post-operation (P < 0.05). There were no significant changes in CRT post-operation. The retinal thickness in the upper, lower, nasal, and temporal quadrants of the paracentral fovea increased significantly at 1 month and 3 months post-operation (P < 0.05). The FAZ area at all postoperative time points were decreased (P < 0.001). At 3 months post-operation, the blood flow density of the superficial and deep retinal layers in the upper, lower, and nasal macular area were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). At 1 month post-operation, the RNFL thickness in the temporal para-optic disk region and blood flow density were significantly reduced (P = 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). ICL implantation for highly myopic eyes led to an increase of the retinal thickness in the upper, lower, nasal, and temporal regions of the paracentral fovea; reduction of RNFL thickness in the temporal area of para-optic disk; decrease in FAZ area; and decrease in the blood flow density of some deep and superficial retinal layers as well as that of the temporal para-optic disk region.

Background This study was designed to investigate the effects of a novel carcinogenetic molecule, p130cas (breast cancer antiestrogen resistance protein 1 or BCAR1) on proliferation and cell growth in lung adenocarcinoma. The study also aimed to identify the possible underlying signal networks of BCAR1. Methods First, we evaluated proliferation, cell colony formation, apoptosis, and cell cycle after BCAR1 was knocked out (KO) using CRISPR‐Cas9 technology in H1975 and H1299 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Subsequently, BCAR1 was upregulated in 293T cells and immunoprecipitation‐mass spectrometry (IP‐MS) was used with bioinformatics analysis to screen for potential networks of BCAR1 interacting proteins. Ultimately, we validated the correlated expressions of BCAR1 and a selected hub gene, RNA polymerase II subunit A (POLR2A), in 54 lung adenocarcinoma tissues, as well as in H1975 and H1299 cells. Results Cell proliferation of H1975 and H1299 was significantly inhibited following BCAR1‐KO. Colony formation of H1975 cells was also significantly decreased following BCAR1‐KO. IP‐MS demonstrated 419 potential proteins that may interact with BCAR1. Among them, 68 genes were significantly positively correlated to BCAR1 expression, as verified by TCGA. Six hub genes were revealed by PPI String. High expression of POLR2A, MAPK3, MOV10, and XAB2 predicted poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma, as verified by the K‐M plotter database. POLR2A and MAPK3 are involved in both catalytic activity and transferase activity. POLR2A and BCAR1 were significantly increased in lung cancer tissues as compared with matched normal tissues. High expression of POLR2A was significantly positively correlated to BCAR1 overexpression and predicted poor prognosis in 54 lung cancer cases. POLR2A expression was significantly decreased following BCAR1‐KO in H1975 and H1299 cells. Conclusions BCAR1 promotes proliferation and cell growth, probably via upregulation of POLR2A and subsequent enhancement of catalytic and transferase activities. However, additional robust studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms involved.

This study aims to tackle the challenge of high noise levels on balconies while preserving natural ventilation. Eight innovative balcony designs, incorporating elements like diffuser edges, undulating ceilings, Helmholtz resonators, grooves, or sound traps, were evaluated via finite element (FE) modeling. The insertion loss results showed that for many balcony designs, noise reduction in the balcony could deteriorate beyond an elevation of 8 m. However, the front jagged and full wavy ceiling designs were shown to be more robust in noise attenuation across balconies on different floors. The jagged ledge and grooved parapet designs yielded an overall 1.5 dBA lower SPL at the exterior regions, compared to other designs, which implies that the designs are less acoustically detrimental to nearby residential blocks as they tend to diffract and absorb incident noise. The jagged ledge design is more effective for lower floors while the jagged ceiling design is more effective for higher floors. A combination of the protruded jagged ledge for the lower floor and jagged balcony ceiling for the higher floor would result in the lowest noise ingress over three stories of residential units: this would be capable of achieving more than 3 dB noise reduction and would offer viable options for improving balcony noise mitigation, by providing valuable insights to architects and designers seeking practical solutions for outdoor noise reduction. Our study highlights that whereas the spectrum characteristics of acoustic absorption materials may be less tunable, and where reduced head space is traded for thicker material for greater ab-sorption and added affixation and maintenance cost, the jagged ledge and ceiling curvatures can actually be shape-tuned, say for every 3 to 4 floors up the high-rise to more effective reduce noise ingress and possibly improve the architecture façade outlook. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The water levels downstream of the Sai Gon and Dong Nai river in Southern Vietnam have been significantly changed over the last three decades, leading to severe impacts on urban flooding and salinity intrusion and threating the socio-economic development of the region and lives of many local people. In this study, the Mann-Kendall (MK) and trend-free prewhitening (TFPW) tests were applied to detect the water level trends and changepoints based on a water level time series at six gauging stations that were located along the main rivers to the sea over 1980–2019. The results indicated that the water level has rapidly increased by about 0.17 to 1.8 cm/year at most gauge stations surrounding Ho Chi Minh City, strongly relating to urbanization and the dike polder system’s impacts that eliminates the water storage space. In addition, the operation of upstream reservoirs has contributed to water level changes with significant consequences since the high-water level at Tri An station on the Dong Nai river occurs 1000–1500 times compared to 300–500 times before the operation. Although the effects of the flows from the sea are less than the two other factors, the local government should seriously consider water level changes, especially in the coastal regions. Our study contributes empirical evidence to evaluate the water level trends in the planning and development of infrastructure, which is necessary to adapt to future changes in Southern Vietnam’s hydrologic system.

AIM: To compare the postoperative quality of life between patients who underwent binocular and unilateral Symfony continuous-vision intraocular lens(IOL)implantation. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was performed. The visual function-related quality of life(QoL)was evaluated with the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire-25(NEI VFQ-25)which was developed by the National Eye Institute. Thirty patients(60 eyes)who underwent phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation from March 2017 to March 2018 were divided into two groups according to the type of implanted IOL. For bilateral group(36 eyes in 18 cases), patients accepted TECNIS Symfony(ZXR00, AMO)in both eyes. For unilateral group(24 eyes in 12 cases), patients accepted TECNIS Symfony(ZXR00, AMO)in one eye and an aspherical monofocal IOL(PCB00,AMO)in the other eye. Follow-up was performed 3-6mo after surgery. Postoperative binocular uncorrected distant, intermediate and near visual acuity(bUCDVA, bUCIVA and bUCNVA)were compared and the quality of life was evaluated for every patient. RESULTS:There were no statistical differences in bUCDVA, bUCIVA and bUCNVA between two groups(P>0.05). There was no significant difference in composite scores of the NEI VFQ-25 questionnaire between bilateral group and unilateral group(88.95±4.01 vs 88.99±4.22, t=-0.025, P=0.980). A comparison of the 12 scales acquired from the questionnaire showed that there were no statistical differences in visual function-related quality of life in the two groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSION:Compared with bilateral implantation of ZXR00, the patients with the implantation of ZXR00 in one eye and PCB00 in the other eye share the excellent binocular uncorrected distant, intermediate and near visual acuity and postoperative quality of life. For patients who have undergone monofocal IOL implantation in one eye or whose one eye is not suitable for multifocal IOLs, unilateral implantation of Symfony continuous-vision IOL is feasible to meet patients' need for spectacle independency.

AIM: To observe the effects of different duration of diabetes on dry eye and ocular surface before cataract surgery. METHODS: The patients with diabetes and cataract were included from March to August in 2018. According to the duration of diabetes, the patients were divided into three groups(15a). Age, sex, break-up time(BUT), Schirmer Ⅰ test, corneal fluorescein cornea staining(FL), palpebral margin staining score, meibomian glands secretion function score, and ocular surface disease score(OSDI)were compared between the three groups. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in age and sex between the three groups. There were no significant difference in BUT and Schirmer Ⅰ test and OSDI score among the three groups, but the more duration of diabetes was, the more OSDI score was. FL and the secretion of tarsal gland were significantly different between groups(χ2=8.372, 9.346, P=0.015, 0.009, respectively). There was no significant difference in the shape of palpebral margin(χ2= 0.353, P=0.838). CONCLUSION: The more duration of diabetes is, more serious the ocular surface and dry eye diseases may be. For the patient with long-term diabetic, more attention should be paid to the eye surface health and perioperative recovery.

With the deepening of the reform of power enterprises, it is imperative for the maintenance of power equipment to be replaced by conditional maintenance. Therefore, combining the advantages of the expert system and the comprehensive analysis technology of multiple fault diagnosis algorithms, an intelligent power equipment condition maintenance system is designed. The system is mainly composed of modules such as data management, status evaluation, risk assessment, fault diagnosis, monitoring and early warning, and decision-making suggestions. Each module is independent and interconnected. Secondly, combined with the information collected by the Internet of Things to determine the maintenance plan, and then introduced the application of the Internet of Things technology in the full cycle management of power equipment, and finally compared and analysed the status maintenance and general maintenance based on the Internet of Things technology.