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3. Whole Mitochondrial DNA Sequencing Using Fecal Samples from Domestic Dogs.

Author

Sugasawa, Takehito, Nguyen, Kieu D. M., Otani, Norihiro, Maehara, Kiyoshi, Kamiya, Fuka, Hirokawa, Atsushi, Takemasa, Tohru, Watanabe, Koichi, Nishi, Takeki, Sato, Ken, Shimmura, Suzuka, Takahashi, Yoichiro, and Kanki, Yasuharu

Subjects
DOGS, DNA analysis, ANIMAL welfare, VETERINARY medicine, DNA sequencing, MITOCHONDRIAL DNA, ORAL mucosa
Abstract

Simple Summary: Several DNA tests are available for individual identification and mitochondrial diseases. Among them, the sequencing of whole mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a beneficial method. Although DNA analysis requires a sample from the individual dog (e.g., blood or tissue), fecal samples are considered non-invasive and the least stressful form of sampling. In this study, we attempted to establish a method for sequencing whole mtDNA using small fecal samples (100 mg) from two domestic dogs. We also attempted to establish a method that is as accessible as possible to veterinary researchers. As a result, we were able to determine the samples' whole mtDNA sequences with high accuracy. The method developed in this study shows that mtDNA from feces can be decoded and that this form of sampling provides a suitable sample for mtDNA decoding. The presented findings will inform future developments in veterinary medicine and animal welfare. Medical care for domestic dogs is now respected worldwide as being at a similar level to that of humans. We previously established a test method to determine whole mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) using oral mucosal DNA that may be useful for medical care and welfare. However, the sample types tested in dogs are not limited to those obtained from the oral mucosa. Therefore, in the present study, we attempted to establish a test method to determine whole mtDNA sequences using feces, which represents the least invasive specimen. Two Japanese domestic dogs were used in the present study. DNA was extracted from approximately 100 mg of fresh feces from each dog, and PCRs were performed using four primer pairs that can amplify whole mtDNA. Following PCR, amplicons were pooled to create a DNA library using an experimental robot with an original program. Data were then acquired via NGS and data analysis was performed. The results showed that the whole mtDNA sequence of the two dogs was determined with high accuracy. Our results suggest that feces can be adapted for mitochondrial disease and individual identification testing and could serve as a useful testing method for the future medical care and welfare of domestic dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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4. Stochastic analysis in a tubular neighborhood or Onsager-Machlup functions revisited

Author

Hara, Keisuke and Takahashi, Yoichiro

Subjects
Mathematics - Probability, 58J65
Abstract

Yet another proof of Onsager-Machlup formula for diffusion processes on a Riemannian manifold after Takahashi-Watanabe, Fujita-Kotani. The proof is purely probabilistic and contains a precise study on an ergodic effect for a key Wiener functional.

Published
2016

5. Identification and Characterization of Yeast Species Isolated from Cornus kousa Fruits in Japan.

Author

Otani, Norihiro, Nguyen, Kieu D. M., Hirokawa, Atsushi, Kanki, Yasuharu, Yun, Hyun-Sik, Maeda, Yoshiaki, Gu, Wenchao, Takahashi, Yoichiro, and Sugasawa, Takehito

Subjects
FRUIT, YEAST, SPECIES, MICROBIAL ecology, SACCHAROMYCES cerevisiae
Abstract

The Cornus kousa tree, which is of Asian origin, is often cultivated for ornamental purposes and used in traditional medicine. The tree produces sugar-rich fruits, which are potential habitats for natural yeasts. The identification of new yeast strains has many advantages for the industry and research. This study aimed to isolate and identify yeast species from C. kousa fruits and to understand their microbial ecology. Ripe and rotten fruits, which had fallen on the ground naturally, were collected and soaked in culture media, followed by plate spreading for colony growth. The morphological examination revealed three distinct colony types, including two from the ripe fruits and one from the rotten fruits. The analysis of the internal transcribed spacer 1 region indicated three yeast strains corresponding to the three colony types: Torulaspora delbrueckii and Pichia kluyveri from the ripe fruits and Saccharomyces cerevisiae from the rotten fruits. The metabolic characterizations demonstrated that all three yeasts efficiently consumed glucose and produced alcohol. S. cerevisiae exhibited the strongest fermentation ability and the highest growth rate. These findings showed that Cornus kousa fruit is a source of diverse yeast species, with distinct species associated with different states of fruit decomposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. Hypoxia with or without Treadmill Exercises Affects Slow-Twitch Muscle Atrophy and Joint Destruction in a Rat Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Author

Takahashi, Yoichiro Kamada, Yuji Arai, Shogo Toyama, Atsuo Inoue, Shuji Nakagawa, Yuta Fujii, Kenta Kaihara, Ryota Cha, Osam Mazda, and Kenji

Subjects
rheumatoid arthritis, hypoxia, treadmill running, slow-twitch muscle
Abstract

The effects of treadmill running under hypoxic conditions on joints and muscles of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats were investigated. CIA rats were divided into normoxia no-exercise, hypoxia no-exercise (Hypo-no), and hypoxia exercise (Hypo-ex) groups. Changes were examined on days 2 and 44 of hypoxia with or without treadmill exercises. In the early stage of hypoxia, the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α increased in the Hypo-no and Hypo-ex groups. The expression of the egl-9 family hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (EGLN1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the Hypo-ex group also increased. Under sustained hypoxia, the Hypo-no and Hypo-ex groups did not show increased expression of HIF-1α or VEGF, but p70S6K levels were elevated. Histologically, joint destruction was alleviated in the Hypo-no group, the loss of muscle weight in slow-twitch muscles was prevented, and muscle fibrosis was suppressed. In the Hypo-ex group, the preventive effect of a reduction in the slow-twitch muscle cross-sectional area was enhanced. Thus, chronic hypoxia in an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis controlled arthritis and joint destruction and prevented slow-twitch muscle atrophy and fibrosis. The combination of hypoxia with treadmill running further enhanced the preventive effects on slow-twitch muscle atrophy.

Published
2023
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16. Performance Analyses of Fluidic Thrust Vector Control System Using DSMC Method

Author

Maruyama, Yuichi, Sakata, Masashi, and Takahashi, Yoichiro

Abstract

第50回流体力学講演会/第36回航空宇宙数値シミュレーション技術シンポジウム (2018年7月4日-6日. 宮崎市民プラザ), 宮崎市, 宮崎, 50th Fluid Dynamics Conference /the 36th Aerospace Numerical Simulation Symposium (July 4-6, 2018. Miyazaki Citizen's Plaza), Miyazaki, Japan, Flows in the rocket engine nozzles are numerically analyzed to assess the performance of Thrust Vector Control (TVC) system of fluidic type by the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. Secondary jet is injected into the flow field through a small tube attached to either side of two-dimensional dual throat nozzle wall. The main flow separation caused by the secondary jet is observed, and the direction of the thrust vector deviates from the symmetry axis of the nozzle. However, the deviation also occurs randomly when the secondary jet is stopped, which is not intended in the TVC system. In order to avoid it and perform the infallible deviation when intended, some research for the appropriate nozzle shape and the position of the secondary jet injection is done., 形態: カラー図版あり, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, 資料番号: AA1830029014, レポート番号: JAXA-SP-18-005

Published
2019

19. DNA methylation of the NR3C1 promoter region in brains of pediatric victims of physical abuse

Author

Takahashi, Yoichiro, Kubo, Rieko, Sano, Rie, Kuninaka, Hikaru, Murayama, Masayuki, Hayakawa, Akira, and Kominato, Yoshihiko

Abstract

Early life stress (ELS) has been suggested to cause epigenetic changes to genes in the brain, such as the Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 3, Group C, Member 1 gene (NR3C1). Conversely, evaluation of the epigenetic status in the postmortem brain might provide clues to the antemortem ELS experience. We examined DNA methylation of the 1F promoter region of NR3C1 in the postmortem brains of eight children including four ELS cases. As a result, DNA methylation was evident in ELS cases due to severe physical abuse. Epigenetic status may have potential application as a biomarker for clarifying the antemortem experiences of deceased.

Published
2019
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22. Development of multi-directional functional near-infrared spectroscopy system for human neuroimaging studies

Author

Satoru Sugawara, Hironobu Mifune, Takeaki Shimokawa, Okito Yamashita, Toshihiro Ishii, Yoshihiro Oba, Takahashi Yoichiro, Sunao Chubachi, Kazuhiko Adachi, Masaki Satoh, and Yuki Mitani

Subjects
0303 health sciences, Materials science, medicine.diagnostic_test, Near-infrared spectroscopy, Image processing, 01 natural sciences, Article, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Diffuse optical imaging, 010309 optics, 03 medical and health sciences, Motor task, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Neuroimaging, 0103 physical sciences, Multi directional, medicine, Functional near-infrared spectroscopy, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, 030304 developmental biology, Biotechnology
Abstract

Multi-directional measurement using multi-directional light sources and multi-directional photodetectors drastically increases the amount of observation data without increasing the number of optical probes. In this study, we developed a novel multi-directional functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) system for human neuroimaging studies. We tested our system by measuring the cortical hemodynamic changes of a single subject during a motor task and compared them with the same subject's functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. We detected the direction-dependent fNIRS signals that originate from the cortical hemodynamic changes that are consistent with the fMRI data.

Published
2019

28. Epithelial Expression of Human ABO Blood Group Genes Is Dependent upon a Downstream Regulatory Element Functioning through an Epithelial Cell-specific Transcription Factor, Elf5

Author

Sano Rie, Nakajima Tamiko, Takahashi Yoichiro, Kubo Rieko, Kobayashi Momoko, Takahashi Keiko, Takeshita, Haruo, Ogasawara Kenichi, Kominato Yoshihiko, Sano Rie, Nakajima Tamiko, Takahashi Yoichiro, Kubo Rieko, Kobayashi Momoko, Takahashi Keiko, Takeshita, Haruo, Ogasawara Kenichi, and Kominato Yoshihiko

Published
2016

34. Diffuse optical tomography using multi-directional sources and detectors

Author

Masaaki Sato, Toshihiro Ishii, Okito Yamashita, Satoru Sugawara, Takahashi Yoichiro, and Takeaki Shimokawa

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, System of measurement, Detector, Photodetector, 01 natural sciences, Article, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Imaging phantom, Diffuse optical imaging, 010309 optics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Optics, 3d image reconstruction, 0103 physical sciences, Multi directional, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biotechnology
Abstract

Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is an advanced imaging method used to visualize the internal state of biological tissues as 3D images. However, current continuous-wave DOT requires high-density probe arrays for measurement (less than 15-mm interval) to gather enough information for 3D image reconstruction, which makes the experiment time-consuming. In this paper, we propose a novel DOT measurement system using multi-directional light sources and multi-directional photodetectors instead of high-density probe arrays. We evaluated this system's multi-directional DOT through computer simulation and a phantom experiment. From the results, we achieved DOT with less than 5-mm localization error up to a 15-mm depth with low-density probe arrays (30-mm interval), indicating that the multi-directional measurement approach allows DOT without requiring high-density measurement.

Published
2016

35. Intestinal obstruction in a mentally retarded patient due to pica

Author

Tokue, Hiroyuki, primary, Takahashi, Yoichiro, additional, Hirasawa, Satoshi, additional, Awata, Sachiko, additional, Kobayashi, Susumu, additional, Shimada, Takehiro, additional, Tokue, Azusa, additional, Sano, Rie, additional, Kominato, Yoshihiko, additional, and Tsushima, Yoshito, additional

Published
2015
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36. Bias in Spontaneous Reporting of Adverse Drug Reactions in Japan

Author

Matsuda, Shinichi, primary, Aoki, Kotonari, additional, Kawamata, Takuya, additional, Kimotsuki, Tetsuji, additional, Kobayashi, Takumi, additional, Kuriki, Hiroshi, additional, Nakayama, Terumi, additional, Okugawa, Seigo, additional, Sugimura, Yoshihiko, additional, Tomita, Minami, additional, and Takahashi, Yoichiro, additional

Published
2015
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37. Combination of postmortem mass spectrometry imaging and genetic analysis reveals very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency in a case of infant death with liver steatosis

Author

Takahashi, Yoichiro, primary, Sano, Rie, additional, Nakajima, Tamiko, additional, Kominato, Yoshihiko, additional, Kubo, Rieko, additional, Takahashi, Keiko, additional, Ohshima, Noriyasu, additional, Hirano, Tohko, additional, Kobayashi, Susumu, additional, Shimada, Takehiro, additional, Tokue, Hiroyuki, additional, Awata, Sachiko, additional, Hirasawa, Satoshi, additional, and Ishige, Takashi, additional

Published
2014
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38. Invariant Measures for a Stochastic Porous Medium Equation

Author

Da Prato, Guiseppe, Röckner, Michael, Kunita, Hiroshi, Watanabe, Shinzo, and Takahashi, Yoichiro

Subjects
Stochastic differential equation, Dirichlet laplacian, 35J25, Infinitesimal, Mathematical analysis, Exponent, Open set, Invariant (mathematics), Mathematics::Spectral Theory, Porous medium, 37L40, Mathematics, 76S05
Abstract

We prove the existence of (infinitesimally) invariant measures for a stochastic version of the porous medium equation (of exponent $m = 3$) with Dirichlet Laplacian on an open set in $\mathbb{R}^d$.

Published
2004

46. Double Transgenic Mice Crossed GFP-LC3 Transgenic Mice With .ALPHA.MyHC-mCherry-LC3 Transgenic Mice Are a New and Useful Tool to Examine the Role of Autophagy in the Heart

Author

Terada, Mai, primary, Nobori, Kiyoshi, additional, Munehisa, Yoshiko, additional, Kakizaki, Manabu, additional, Ohba, Takayoshi, additional, Takahashi, Yoichiro, additional, Koyama, Takashi, additional, Terata, Yutaka, additional, Ishida, Masaru, additional, Iino, Kenji, additional, Kosaka, Toshimitsu, additional, Watanabe, Hiroyuki, additional, Hasegawa, Hitoshi, additional, and Ito, Hiroshi, additional

Published
2010
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47. P-350 Double Transgenic Mice Crossing Alpha MyHC-mCherry-LC3 Mice with CAG-GFP-LC3 Mice is a New Method to Analyze Autophagy in Cardiomyocytes

Author

Terada, Mai, primary, Nobori, Kiyoshi, additional, Munehisa, Yoshiko, additional, Kakizaki, Manabu, additional, Ohba, Takayoshi, additional, Koyama, Takashi, additional, Takahashi, Yoichiro, additional, Ishida, Masaru, additional, Iino, Kenji, additional, Kosaka, Toshimitsu, additional, Watanabe, Hiroyuki, additional, Hasegawa, Hitoshi, additional, and Ito, Hiroshi, additional

Published
2009
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48. 平衡確率現象の総合的研究

Author

Kubo, Izumi, Taira, Kazuaki, Maejima, Makoto, Funaki, Tadahisa, Okabe, Yasunori, Ihara, Shunsuke, Takahashi, Yoichiro, Takenaka, Shigeo, Takashima, Keizo, Sato, Hiroshi, Hamachi, Toshihiro, Aida, Shigeki, Morita, Takehiko, Obata, Nobuaki, Iwata, Koichiro, Nakamura, Munetaka, Kubo, Izumi, Taira, Kazuaki, Maejima, Makoto, Funaki, Tadahisa, Okabe, Yasunori, Ihara, Shunsuke, Takahashi, Yoichiro, Takenaka, Shigeo, Takashima, Keizo, Sato, Hiroshi, Hamachi, Toshihiro, Aida, Shigeki, Morita, Takehiko, Obata, Nobuaki, Iwata, Koichiro, and Nakamura, Munetaka

Abstract

研究期間:平成10-12年度 ; 研究種目: 基盤研究A1 ; 課題番号:10304006

Published
2001

49. Abstract 210: αMyHC-mCherry-LC3 Transgenic Mice is a New and Useful Tool to Examine the Role of Autophagy in Cardiomyocytes

Author

Terada, Mai, primary, Nobori, Kiyoshi, additional, Munehisa, Yoshiko, additional, Kakizaki, Manabu, additional, Ohba, Takayoshi, additional, Koyama, Takashi, additional, Takahashi, Yoichiro, additional, Ishida, Masaru, additional, Iino, Kenji, additional, Kosaka, Toshimitsu, additional, Watanabe, Hiroyuki, additional, Hasegawa, Hitoshi, additional, and Ito, Hiroshi, additional

Published
2008
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