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Objective: In Tibetan dietary and folk medicine practices, Rheum austral is commonly used as an alternative to Rheum tanguticum , and there is a prevailing belief that wild rhubarb should not be substituted by its cultivated counterpart. However, these traditions are not supported by scientific evidence, particularly concerning the differences in endogenous metabolites between cultivated and wild rhubarbs, as well as between officially recognized and non-official rhubarbs. These uncertainties have also been hindering the vertical integration development of the local rhubarb industry. Methods: In this study, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOFMS) and biostatistical analysis were employed to systematically and comprehensively investigate the chemical constituents of rhubarbs from various sources, focusing on the differences in metabolic components between cultivated and wild rhubarbs. Results: The metabolic differences in rhubarb from various varieties and environments are pronounced. Among them, 39 differential metabolites were identified between cultivated R. tanguticum and wild R. tanguticum. cultivated R. tanguticum is rich in emodin, physcion, and rhapontigenin, whereas wild R. tanguticum exhibits a higher concentration of rhaponticin and is particularly abundant in anthraquinone compounds. Additionally, 33 differential metabolites distinguished wild R. tanguticum from wild R. austral , with R. austral being rich in stilbene derivatives and wild R. tanguticum predominantly containing coumarins. The correlations among these differential metabolites have also been further explored and presented. Conclusion: The metabolic disparities between cultivated and wild rhubarb varieties are substantial, with wild rhuabarb containing higher levels of effective components than its cultivated counterparts. However, wild varieties face issues with component instability and resource depletion, while cultivated varieties exhibit more stable effective components. Given these significant differences in metabolic components, it is essential to differentiate rhubarbs from various species and growing conditions to suit specific medicinal and dietary purposes effectively. This paper can lay a theoretical foundation for the vertical integration development of the rhubarb industry in Tibetan areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae complex (CREC) poses great challenges to infection treatment in the clinical setting. In this study, we reported the emergence of carbapenemase in a rare species, Enterobacter chuandaensis, belonging to the Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC). We elucidated the genetic characteristics of carbapenem-resistant isolate FAHZZU5885, co-harboring blaNDM−1 and blaKPC−2. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis were used to identify E. chuandaensis. S1 nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (S1-PFGE) and Southern blotting were used to clarify the number and size of the plasmids in FAHZZU5885. Antimicrobial phenotypes were identified by antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), and the characteristics of the strain were examined with whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The conjugation experiment and stability assay were conducted to verify the transferability and stability of the plasmid carrying carbapenemase-encoding genes. E. chuandaensis FAHZZU5885 was isolated from a perianal swab of a patient admitted to the ICU. This strain simultaneously carried blaNDM−1 and two blaKPC−2 genes. FAHZZU5885 was resistant to most of the tested antibiotics except for amikacin, tigecycline, and colistin. Two blaKPC−2 were located separately on two different plasmids, the ~ 120 kb IncFIA-IncFII plasmid and the ~ 80 kb IncR plasmid. Both plasmids shared the conserved sequence klcA-korC-ISkpn6-blaKPC−2-ISkpn27-tnpR-tnpA. The blaNDM−1-bearing plasmid had the potential to transfer and can remain stable after successive passages. In addition, the blaNDM−1 was carried on a ~ 80 kb IncFII plasmid with the conserved sequence ISAba125-blaNDM−1-ble-trpF-dsbD-cutA-groS-groL. In summary, this study marks the first report of the multidrug-resistant E. chuandaensis strain FAHZZU5885 harboring two blaKPC−2-bearing plasmids, indicating the potential for the further dissemination of carbapenemase-encoding genes in novel species. The findings contribute to enhancing our understanding of CREC strains, emphasizing the need for continued and comprehensive surveillance of this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are important vectors of various pathogens, mainly Leishmania parasites. In the Old World, the most important genus in term of pathogens transmission is the genus Phlebotomus, which includes many proven or suspected vectors of several Leishmania species, while the genus Sergentomyia remains so far unproven as a vector of human pathogens. Algeria is one of the most affected countries by human leishmaniasis. Methods: In the present study, an entomological survey was carried out in two provinces, Ghardaïa and Illizi, located in the north and central Sahara, respectively, where cases of human leishmaniasis are recorded. Our goal was to understand the role of the local sand fly species in the transmission of Leishmania parasites and to analyze their blood meal preferences. Collected sand flies were identified by a combination of morphological and molecular approaches that included DNA-barcoding and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) protein profiling. In addition, female blood meals were analyzed by peptide mass mapping using MALDI-TOF MS. Results: In total, 640 sand fly specimens belonging to Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia genera were collected in the two provinces. Sergentomyia antennata and Se. fallax were most abundant species in Ghardaïa, and Ph. papatasi and Ph. alexandri in Illizi. In addition, a new sand fly species was described in Illizi named Sergentomyia (Sergentomyia) imihra n. sp. Blood meal analysis of the engorged females revealed various mammalian hosts, especially goats, but also humans for Phlebotomus papatasi and Ph. alexandri, suggesting that these vector species are opportunistic feeders. Conclusions: Integrative approach that combined morphological analysis, sequencing of DNA markers, and protein profiling enabled the recognition and description of a new Sergentomyia species, raising the number of the Algerian sand fly fauna to 27 species. Further sand fly surveillance in the central Sahara is recommended to identify the thus-far unknown males of Se. imihra n. sp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori infection is a major issue worldwide, with widespread prevalence, combined with its link to gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Meanwhile, effectiveness of current treatment protocols is limited by increasing antibiotic resistance and patient compliance issues due to long regimens and side effects. Plukenetia volubilis , or sacha inchi, is a valuable source of bioactive molecules. However, studies on its antimicrobial activity, especially against H. pylori , are lacking. Methods: In this study, the anti- H. pylori activity of P. volubilis leaves water extract was explored using in vitro and in silico approaches. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Electrospray Ionisation and Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-ESI- QTOF-MS-MS) analysis of the water extract from the leaves was used to characterise the chemical composition of the plant and allowed identification of some flavonoids, such as astragalin, and some phenolic compounds. Then, high-speed counter current chromatography (HSCCC) was used to fractionate the ethyl acetate partition obtained from the water extract from the leaves. Results and Discussion: The presence of flavonoids derived from kaempferol was confirmed and astragalin was isolated for the first time in P. volubilis. The P. volubilis water infusion, ethyl acetate extract and the isolated astragalin exhibited anti-bacterial activity against H. pylori J99 and two clinical isolates (e.g., minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.53, 0.51 and 0.49 μg/mL, respectively, for clarithromycin-resistant clinical isolate SSR366). Then, using molecular docking for potential protein targets for H. pylori , it was verified that astragalin could interact with these proteins by in silico analysis. Conclusion: These findings highlight that P. volubilis and astragalin produce a bacteriostatic activity against H. pylori and may have potential to be used in treatment against H. pylori , after further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vegetable fat blends are commonly used as fat sources in milk replacers (MR) for calves, but their composition differs considerably from that of bovine milk fat. The aim of this study was to investigate the serum lipid profile of preweaning calves fed twice-daily MR containing 30% fat (% DM). Upon arrival, 30 male Holstein-Friesian calves (BW = 45.6 ± 4.0 kg, age = 2.29 ± 0.8 d) were randomly assigned to 2 experimental diets (n = 15 per treatment): one MR was derived from either vegetable fats (VG; 65% rapeseed and 35% coconut fats) or animal fats (AN; 65% packers lard and 35% dairy cream). The 2 MR formulas contained 30% fat, 24% CP, and 36% lactose. Calves were housed indoors in individual pens with ad libitum access to chopped straw and water. Daily milk allowances were 6.0 L from d 1 to 5, 7.0 L from d 6 to 9, and 8.0 L from d 10 to 35, divided into 2 equal meals and prepared at 13.5% solids. An untargeted liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) method was employed to analyze the lipid profiles in the serum of calves sampled from the jugular vein at 35 d of age. In total, 594 lipids were characterized, comprising 25 different lipid classes. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed significant separation between VG and AN, indicating different lipid profiles in the serum. An orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) classification model was used to further validate the distinction between the 2 treatment groups. The model exhibited a robust class separation and high predictive accuracy. Using a volcano plot (fold change threshold ≥1.5 and false discovery rate ≤0.05), it was observed that calves fed AN had higher levels of 39 lipid species in serum than calves fed VG, whereas 171 lipid species were lower in the AN group. Lipid classes, such as phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), sphingomyelin (SM), triglycerides (TG), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), were different. In particular, PC and PE were observed at lower levels in calves fed AN, possibly indicating shifts in cell membrane characteristics, intracellular signaling, and liver functions. In addition, a decrease in certain triglyceride (TG) species was observed in calves fed AN, including a decrease in TG species such as TG 36:0 and TG 38:0, possibly related to variations in the content of certain fatty acids within the AN MR, such as C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, and C18:0, compared with the VG MR. Calves fed AN had lower levels of LPC and LPE, and lysophosphatidylinositol, SM, and phosphatidylinositol species than calves fed VG, suggesting shifts in lipoprotein and lipid metabolic pathways. In conclusion, these results deepen the understanding of how lipid sources in MR can modulate the serum lipidome profiles of dairy calves. The list of standard abbreviations for JDS is available at adsa.org/jds-abbreviations-24. Nonstandard abbreviations are available in the Notes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pythiosis is a severe disease in humans and animals globally, caused by the pathogenic oomycete Pythium insidiosum. Early and accurate detection is crucial for effective treatment, but traditional diagnostic methods have limitations. This study presents an alternative approach using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for lipid profiling to efficiently identify P. insidiosum. The study involved extracting microbial lipid components using optimized chloroform: methanol biphasic method and creating a lipid profile database with samples from 30 P. insidiosum isolates and 50 various fungi. The methodology was validated on 25 blinded samples for assay detection performance. Unique lipid profiles allowed species-specific identification with high efficiency: scores ≥ 2.682 indicated P. insidiosum, scores ≤ 2.512 suggested fungi, and scores in between pointed to other oomycetes. The assay demonstrated sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 100%, 80%, and 88%, respectively, for detecting P. insidiosum. The limited detection specificity was due to false positive samples from closely related Pythium species, which are not a significant clinical concern. The findings show that MALDI-TOF MS lipid profiling can efficiently identify P. insidiosum, offering significant advantages in sample preparation, stability, and reproducibility over protein profile-based methods. This study marks the first instance of lipid profiles being reported for P. insidiosum, paving the way for clinical use in improving accurate detection and facilitating timely treatment interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the pharmacodynamic ingredients and pharmacologic mechanism of Haizao Yuhu Decoction (HYD) in treating hyperthyroidism via an analysis integrating network pharmacology, molecular docking, and non-targeted serum metabolomics. Methods: Therapeutic targets of hyperthyroidism were searched through multi-array analyses in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Hub genes were subjected to the construction of a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. Targets of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in HYD and those of hyperthyroidism were intersected to yield hub genes, followed by validations via molecular docking and non-targeted serum metabolomics. Results: 112 hub genes were identified by intersecting APIs of HYD and therapeutic targets of hyperthyroidism. Using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) in both negative and positive ion polarity modes, 279 compounds of HYD absorbed in the plasma were fingerprinted. Through summarizing data yielded from network pharmacology and non-targeted serum metabolomics, 214 common targets were identified from compounds of HYD absorbed in the plasma and therapeutic targets of hyperthyroidism, including PTPN11, PIK3CD, EGFR, HRAS, PIK3CA, AKT1, SRC, PIK3CB, and PIK3R1. They were mainly enriched in the biological processes of positive regulation of gene expression, positive regulation of MAPK cascade, signal transduction, protein phosphorylation, negative regulation of apoptotic process, positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling and positive regulation of MAP kinase activity; and molecular functions of identical protein binding, protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity, protein kinase activity, RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA binding and protein binding. A total of 185 signaling pathways enriched in the 214 common targets were associated with cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Conclusion: HYD exerts a pharmacological effect on hyperthyroidism via inhibiting pathological angiogenesis in the thyroid and rebalancing immunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacillus subtilis is an important probiotic microorganism that secretes a variety of antimicrobial compounds, including lipopeptides, which are a class of small molecule peptides with important application value in the fields of feed additives, food, biopesticides, biofertilizers, medicine and the biological control of plant diseases. In this study, we isolated a novel B. subtilis HF1 strain that is rich in lipopeptide components and homologs, has a strong antagonistic effect on a variety of plant fungi, and is highly efficient in promoting the growth of broilers. The live B. subtilis HF1 and its fermentation broth without cells showed significant inhibitory effects on 20 species of plant fungi. The crude extracts of lipopeptides in the fermentation supernatant of B. subtilis HF1 were obtained by combining acid precipitation and methanol extraction, and the lipopeptide compositions were analyzed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). The results showed that HF1 could produce 11 homologs of surfactin and 13 homologs of fengycin. Among the fengycin homologs, C13-C19 fengycin A and C15-C17 fengycin B were identified; among the surfactin homologs, C11-C17 surfactin A and C13-C16 surfactin B were characterized. C13 fengycin A, C11 surfactin A and C17 surfactin A were reported for the first time, and their functions are worthy of further study. In addition, we found that HF1 fermentation broth with and without live cells could be used as a feed additive to promote the growth of broilers by significantly increasing body weight up to 15.84%. HF1 could be a prospective strain for developing a biocontrol agent for plant fungal diseases and an efficient feed additive for green agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background : Micrococcus antarcticus (M. antarcticus) is an aerobic Gram-positive spherical actinobacterium that was initially isolated from Chinese Great-Wall station in Antarctica in 2000. M. antarcticus was considered to be of low pathogenicity, no previous cases of human infection by this organism have been reported. Here we describe the first report with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by M. antarcticus. Case presentation: An 87-year-old female was presented to the Central Hospital of Wuhan in November 2023 with a chief complaint of cough, sputum production, and chest tightness for 2 weeks. Microbial culture of the patient's bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and identification of the isolates using Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed M. antarcticus infection. Combined with clinical symptoms, laboratory and imaging examination, the patient was diagnosed with CAP. Then cefoperazone/sulbactam and levofloxacin was administrated, the patient's condition was improved and she was discharged after a week after admission, no abnormalities were detected during a 5-month follow-up. Conclusions: This case highlights that M. antarcticus, first identified from a patient with CAP, is an extremely rare pathogenic microorganism. Clinicians should be aware of its potential as a pathogen in the diagnosis and treatment of CAP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fungal endophytes, symbiotic microorganisms residing within plants, are renowned for producing bioactive secondary metabolites with diverse beneficial properties. We investigated the antimicrobial potential of fungal endophytes isolated from Solanum mauritianum, an invasive weed, against clinically significant bacterial pathogens. Selected fungal endophytes (Penicillium chrysogenum, Fusarium sp., and Paracamarosporium leucadendri) were isolated from the plant's leaves and fruits. Their crude extracts were tested against various referenced strains, such as Mycobacterium species (M. smegmatis ATCC 607 and M. bovis ATCC 27290), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6571, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 11774, Klebsiella species (K. pneumoniae ATCC 10031 and K. oxytoca ATCC 8724), Escherichia coli ATCC 10536, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145, using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Resazurin Microtiter Assay was used for the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration. The chemical nature of the secondary metabolites in the crude extracts produced by fungal endophytes was evaluated using high-resolution liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) using water and acetonitrile gradient. Liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS/MS) was employed for untargeted metabolomics. LC-QTOF-MS/MS identified 63 bioactive compounds across the three endophytes. P. chrysogenum had the highest activity against S. aureus and M. smegmatis (1.15 mg/mL and 0.02 mg/mL, respectively), while P. leucadendri demonstrated moderate activity against M. smegmatis (2.91 mg/mL) and E. coli (1.16 mg/mL). Fusarium sp. exhibited the broadest spectrum of antibacterial activity, with MIC values ranging from 0.03 mg/mL (B. subtilis) to 10 mg/mL (M. smegmatis). P. leucadendri produced 29 metabolites, Fusarium sp. had 23 identified metabolites, and a total of 11 metabolites were identified from P. chrysogenum. The fruits of the plant, accounting for 60%, appeared to be the most abundant in the endophyte diversity when compared to the stems and leaves. This study highlights the potential of fungal endophytes from S. mauritianum as a source of novel bioactive compounds, particularly against multidrug-resistant pathogens, contributing to the ongoing efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper-containing diamine oxidases are ubiquitous enzymes that participate in many important biological processes. These processes include the regulation of cell growth and division, programmed cell death, and responses to environmental stressors. Natural substrates include, for example, putrescine, spermidine, and histamine. Enzymatic activity is typically assayed using spectrophotometric, electrochemical, or fluorometric methods. The aim of this study was to develop a method for measuring activity using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry based on the intensity ratio of product to product-plus-substrate signals in the reaction mixtures. For this purpose, an enzyme purified to homogeneity from pea (Pisum sativum) seedlings was used. The method employed α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid as a matrix with the addition of cetrimonium bromide. Product signal intensities with pure compounds were evaluated in the presence of equal substrate amounts to determine intensity correction factors for data processing calculations. The kinetic parameters kcat and Km for the oxidative deamination of selected substrates were determined. These results were compared to parallel measurements using an established spectrophotometric method, which involved a coupled reaction of horseradish peroxidase and guaiacol, and were discussed in the context of data from the literature and the BRENDA database. It was found that the method provides accurate results that are well comparable with parallel spectrophotometry. This method offers advantages such as low sample consumption, rapid serial measurements, and potential applicability in assays where colored substances interfere with spectrophotometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scrophulariae Radix (SR), the dried root of Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl (S. ningpoensis), has been extensively used as traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. However, since the mid-20th century, the traditional processing technology of S. ningpoensis has been interrupted. Therefore, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry technology, together with a Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) method, was applied to comprehensively analyze the characteristic changes and mutual transformation of chemical constituents in the differently processed roots of S. ningpoensis, as well as to scientifically elucidate the processing mechanism of differently processed SR. As a result, a total of 149 components were identified. Notably, with the help of the GNPS data platform and MS2 fragment ions, the possible structures of four new compounds (47, 48, 50, and 73) were deduced in differently processed SR samples, in which 47, 48, and 50 are iridoid glycosides, and 73 is a phenylpropanoid glycoside. Five cyclopeptides (78, 86, 97, 99, and 104) derived from leucine (isoleucine) were identified in SR for the first time. The heatmaps analysis results indicated that leucine or isoleucine may be converted to cyclopeptides under the prolonged high-temperature conditions. Moreover, it is found that short-time steaming can effectively prevent the degradation of glycosides by inactivating enzymes. This study provides a new and efficient technical strategy for systematically identifying the chemical components, rapidly discovering the components, and preliminarily clarifying the processing mechanism of S. ningpoensis, as well as also providing a scientific basis for the improvement of the quality standards and field processing of S. ningpoensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advantages of a high specificity, a long half-life, and a high safety, the use of antibody biologic drugs, including camrelizumab, has been rapidly increasing in clinical practice. Camrelizumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor and humanized monoclonal antibody, is used to treat several advanced solid cancers. Measuring its concentration supports personalized dosage adjustments, influences treatment decisions for patients, strengthens the control of disease activity through therapeutic drug monitoring, and helps evaluate and prevent drug interactions in combination therapy. Because antibodies are present in complex biological matrices, quantifying monoclonal antibody drugs is challenging, and must rely on precise, selective, and reliable analytical methods. In this study, a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry TripleTOF 6600+ (AB SCIEX, Framingham, MA, USA) system equipped with a Turbo V ion source was used for the qualitative analysis of monoclonal antibodies using the data-dependent acquisition (IDA) MS/MS mode, followed by quantitative analysis using a targeted MRMHR workflow. This method showed a good linear relationship within the range of 4–160 μg/mL, with a correlation coefficient of R2 ≥ 0.996. It demonstrated an acceptable accuracy (88.95–101.18%) and precision (≤15%). Furthermore, the lower limit of quantification was found to be 4 μg/mL, with the lowest detection limit of 0.3217 μg/mL, indicating that this method is rapid, accurate, and reliable for the quantitative analysis of camrelizumab in human serum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lonicera japonica Thunb. and Lonicera hypoglauca are famous Chinese medicines used for hyperglycemia; however, the specific compounds that contributed to the hypoglycemic activity and mechanism are still unknown. In this study, the antidiabetic activity of L. japonica buds and L. hypoglauca buds, roots, stems, and leaves extracts was primarily evaluated, and the L. japonica buds and L. hypoglauca buds, roots, and stems extracts displayed significant hypoglycemic activity, especially for the buds of L. hypoglauca. A total of 72 high-level compounds, including 9 iridoid glycosides, 12 flavonoids, 34 organic acids, and 17 saponins, were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) combined with the fragmentation pathways of standards from different parts of L. japonica and L. hypoglauca extracts. Among them, 19 metabolites, including 13 saponins, were reported for the first time from both medicines. Seven high-content compounds identified from L. hypoglauca buds extract were further evaluated for hypoglycemic activity. The result indicated that neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid B, and isochlorogenic acid C displayed significant antidiabetic activity, especially for isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid C, which demonstrated that the five chlorogenic-acid-type compounds were the active ingredients of hypoglycemic activity for L. japonica and L. hypoglauca. The potential mechanism of hypoglycemic activity for isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid C was inhibiting the intestinal α-glucosidase activity to block the supply of glucose. This study was the first to clarify the hypoglycemic active ingredients and potential mechanism of L. japonica and L. hypoglauca, providing new insights for the comprehensive utilization of both resources and the development of hypoglycemic drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposure to ionizing radiation induces cellular and molecular damage leading to a cascade of events resulting in tissue and organ injury. Our study strives to characterize and validate metabolomic changes in preterminal stage (immediately prior to death) samples collected from rhesus macaques lethally irradiated with one of two different doses of radiation. Peripheral blood samples were collected pre-exposure, post-exposure, and at the preterminal stage of nonhuman primates (NHPs that did not survive exposure with 7.2 Gy or 7.6 Gy total-body radiation (LD60-80/60)). We analyzed global metabolomic alterations using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS) in serum samples collected at various timepoints in relation to radiation exposure. The goal of this study was to validate the metabolic shifts present in samples collected just prior to death, which were reported earlier in a preliminary study with a limited number of samples and a single dose of radiation. Here, we demonstrate that radiation exposure induced significant time-dependent metabolic alterations compared with pre-exposure samples. We observed significant metabolite dysregulation in animals exposed to 7.6 Gy compared to 7.2 Gy. Greater metabolic disruption was observed in the preterminal groups than all of the other post-irradiation timepoints in both cohorts. Metabolomic shifts in these preterminal groups also revealed consistent disturbances in sphingolipid metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathways. Overall, the sphingolipid metabolism pathway appears to be representative of the preterminal phenotype, confirming the results of our preliminary study. These results offer important and novel insights for identification and validation of biomarkers for lethality, and such observations would be valuable for triage during a radiological/nuclear mass casualty scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The burden of sepsis worsens due to the continuation of emerging pathogens such as multidrug-resistant Pantoea species. Methods: A multicenter study was conducted between October 2019 and September 2020 at four hospitals located in central, southern, and northern parts of Ethiopia. A total of 1416 sepsis patients were recruited and blood cultures were performed. At each study site, positive cultures were characterized by their colony characteristics, gram stain, and conventional biochemical tests. All Pantoea species were identified using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI TOF) and subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS) using Illumina HiSeq 2500. The phylogeny structure of Pantoea isolates was calculated using IQ-TREE v1.6.12 from single-nucleotide polymorphisms detected by Snippy v.4.6.0 and filtered by Gubbins v.2.3.4. Average nucleotide identity was estimated by using OrthoANI v.0.93.1 on Shovill v.1.1.0 assemblies. Antimicrobial resistance genes and plasmid replicons were detected using ARIBA v.2.14.6. Phylogenetic trees were visualized using iTOLv.6.5.2. Results: Multiple Pantoea species include: P. dispersa (n = 19), P. septica (n = 1), and a novel Pantoea spp. (n = 1), were identified among sepsis patients. All P. dispersa isolates and the novel Pantoea species were isolated at Dessie Referral Hospital and displayed phylogenetic clonality, including the ubiquity of an IncM1 plasmid and identical antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene profiles, encoding blaCTX−M−15, blaTEM−1D, blaSCO−1, and aac(3)-lla. The novel Pantoea spp. isolate harboured blaCTX−M−9 and blaTEM−1D and carried an IncN3 plasmid replicon. The P. septica was isolated at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital in Addis Ababa and carried no detectable acquired AMR genes. Conclusion: The emerging Pantoea spp. carrying multiple AMR genes were identified from sepsis patients. Implementation of strong infection prevention strategies and building surveillance capacity with advanced bacteriology laboratories capable of identifying multidrug-resistant emerging pathogens is strongly recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document "Spectra Analysis and Plants Research 2.0" explores the significance of medicinal plants throughout history, their chemical compositions, and their applications in various industries. It highlights the importance of natural products in drug discovery and the use of advanced extraction and analytical techniques to study plant compounds. The research presented in the document covers a wide range of plant species and their metabolites, showcasing the potential of plants in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetic industries. The studies included in the document provide valuable insights into the therapeutic potential of plants and their bioactive components, emphasizing the importance of further research in this field. [Extracted from the article]

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Objective: In Tibetan dietary and folk medicine practices, Rheum austral is commonly used as an alternative to Rheum tanguticum, and there is a prevailing belief that wild rhubarb should not be substituted by its cultivated counterpart. However, these traditions are not supported by scientific evidence, particularly concerning the differences in endogenous metabolites between cultivated and wild rhubarbs, as well as between officially recognized and non-official rhubarbs. These uncertainties have also been hindering the vertical integration development of the local rhubarb industry. Methods: In this study, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOFMS) and biostatistical analysis were employed to systematically and comprehensively investigate the chemical constituents of rhubarbs from various sources, focusing on the differences in metabolic components between cultivated and wild rhubarbs. Results: The metabolic differences in rhubarb from various varieties and environments are pronounced. Among them, 39 differential metabolites were identified between cultivated R. tanguticum and wild R. tanguticum. cultivated R. tanguticum is rich in emodin, physcion, and rhapontigenin, whereas wild R. tanguticum exhibits a higher concentration of rhaponticin and is particularly abundant in anthraquinone compounds. Additionally, 33 differential metabolites distinguished wild R. tanguticum from wild R. austral, with R. austral being rich in stilbene derivatives and wild R. tanguticum predominantly containing coumarins. The correlations among these differential metabolites have also been further explored and presented. Conclusion: The metabolic disparities between cultivated and wild rhubarb varieties are substantial, with wild rhuabarb containing higher levels of effective components than its cultivated counterparts. However, wild varieties face issues with component instability and resource depletion, while cultivated varieties exhibit more stable effective components. Given these significant differences in metabolic components, it is essential to differentiate rhubarbs from various species and growing conditions to suit specific medicinal and dietary purposes effectively. This paper can lay a theoretical foundation for the vertical integration development of the rhubarb industry in Tibetan areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prematurity-associated lung disease (PLD) is a long-term consequence of preterm-birth. Since the underlying mechanisms of PLD remain poorly characterised, we compared the urinary metabolome between recently described spirometry phenotypes of PLD. Preterm- and term-born children aged 7–12 years, from the Respiratory Health Outcomes in Neonates (RHiNO) cohort, underwent spirometry and urine collection. The urinary metabolome was analysed by gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Preterm-born children were classified into phenotypes of prematurity-associated obstructive lung disease (POLD, Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) < lower limit of normal (LLN), FEV1/Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) < LLN), prematurity-associated preserved ratio impaired spirometry (pPRISm, FEV1 < LLN, FEV1/FVC ≥ LLN) and Preterm/Term controls (FEV1 ≥ LLN). Metabolite set enrichment analysis was used to link significantly altered metabolites between the groups with metabolic pathways. Univariable and multivariable linear regression models examined associations between early and current life factors and significantly altered metabolites of interest. Urine from 197 preterm- and 94 term-born children was analysed. 23 and 25 were classified into POLD and pPRISm groups respectively. Of 242 identified metabolites, 49 metabolites were significantly altered in the POLD group compared with Preterm controls. Decreased capric acid (log2 fold change − 0.23; p = 0.003), caprylic acid (− 0.18; 0.003) and ceratinic acid (− 0.64; 0.014) in the POLD group, when compared to preterm controls, were linked with reduced β-oxidation of very long chain fatty acids (p = 0.004). Reduced alanine (log2 fold change − 0.21; p = 0.046), glutamic acid (− 0.24; 0.023), and pyroglutamic acid (− 0.17; 0.035) were linked with decreased glutathione metabolism (p = 0.008). These metabolites remained significantly associated with POLD in multivariable models adjusting for early/current life factors. The pPRISm urinary metabolome was minimally changed when compared with preterm-born controls. When compared to term-born subjects, alterations in tryptophan metabolism were implicated (p = 0.01). The urinary metabolome in POLD showed significantly altered β-oxidation of fatty acids and glutathione metabolism, implying alterations in cellular metabolism and oxidative stress. Similar findings have been noted in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Given the similarity of findings between the POLD group and those reported for COPD, the POLD group should be considered at future risk of developing COPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Methods Results Significance Epilepsy surgery is a treatment option for patients with seizures that do not respond to pharmacotherapy. The histopathological characterization of the resected tissue has an important prognostic value to define postoperative seizure outcome in these patients. However, the diagnostic classification process based on microscopic assessment remains challenging, particularly in the case of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). Imaging mass spectrometry is a spatial omics technique that could improve tissue phenotyping and patient stratification by investigating hundreds of biomolecules within a single tissue sample, without the need for target‐specific reagents.An in situ proteomic technique called matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI‐MSI) is here investigated as a potential new tool to expand conventional diagnosis on standard paraffin brain tissue sections. Unsupervised and region of interest‐based MALDI‐MSI analyses of sections from 10 FCD type IIb (FCDIIb) cases were performed, and the results were validated by immunohistochemistry.MALDI‐MSI identified distinct histopathological features and the boundaries of the dysplastic lesion. The capability to visualize the spatial distribution of well‐known diagnostic markers enabling multiplex measurements on single tissue sections was demonstrated. Finally, a fingerprint list of potential discriminant peptides that distinguish FCD core from peri‐FCD tissue was generated.This is the first study that explores the potential application of MALDI‐MSI in epilepsy postsurgery fixed tissue, by utilizing the well‐characterized FCDIIb features as a model. Extending these preliminary analyses to a larger cohort of patients will generate spectral libraries of molecular signatures that discriminate tissue features and will contribute to patient phenotyping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rare earth elements (REEs) hold significant industrial, scientific, and modern technological worth. This study focused on detecting and quantifying REEs in various geological ore samples. These samples were collected from different REE-bearing locations recommended by geological experts. The analysis was conducted using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and laser ablation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LA-TOF-MS). In this work, LIBS methodology was employed using three different configurations: standard LIBS, LIBS with an applied magnetic field, and LIBS with both an applied magnetic field and target sample heating within an optimal temperature range. Elements from the REE group, specifically lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), and neodymium (Nd), were identified and quantified. To detect, quantify, and validate the results from LIBS and LA-TOF-MS, we utilized an array of analytical techniques—Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (ED-XRF), and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Interestingly, the quantitative results for REEs (La, Ce, and Nd) in the ore samples obtained using the LIBS technique with various configurations were found to be in agreement with those from LA-TOF-MS, EDX, XRF, and ICP-OES. In addition, LIBS enables detailed microchemical imaging, allowing the map of the spatial distribution of elements within the mineral–ore matrix. The high-resolution microscale elemental mapping of REEs was accomplished using the emission lines Ce (II) at 446.0 nm, La (II) at 492.1 nm, and Nd (II) at 388.8 nm. By integrating multiple analytical techniques, our study enabled the construction of a complete elemental distribution map, providing new insights into the geochemical processes and mineral composition of rare earth ores, while advancing geochemistry and contributing valuable data for rare earth resource exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are one of significant contributors to air pollution and have profound effects on human health and the environment. This study introduces a detailed analysis of VOC emissions from various industries within an industrial complex using a high-resolution measurement instrument. This study aimed to identify the VOC profiles and their concentrations across 12 industries. Sampling was conducted across 99 facilities in an industrial complex in South Korea, and VOC analysis was performed based on measurement data using a Proton-Transfer-Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS). The results indicated that the emission of oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) was dominant in most industries. Aromatic hydrocarbons were also dominant in most industries, except in screen printing (SP), lubricating oil and grease manufacturing (LOG), and industrial laundry services (ILS) industries. Chlorinated VOCs (Cl-VOCs) showed a relatively higher level in the metal plating (MP) industry than those in other industries and nitrogen-containing VOCs (N-VOCs) showed high levels in general paints and similar product manufacturing (PNT), MP, and ILS industries, respectively. The gravure printing industry was identified as the highest emitter of VOCs, with the highest daily emissions reaching 5934 mg day−1, primarily consisting of ethyl acetate, toluene, butyl acetate, and propene. The findings suggest that the VOC emissions from the gravure printing and plastic synthetic leather industries should be primarily reduced, and it would be the most cost-effective approach to improving air quality. This study can provide the fundamental data for developing effective reduction technologies and policies of VOC, ultimately contributing to enhanced atmospheric models and regulatory measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococci (MRS) cause infections at various sites and exhibit multidrug resistance. Despite their importance in veterinary medicine, only little is known about Staphylococcus spp. colonizing and infecting cats. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to isolate and identify Staphylococcus spp. colonizing hospitalized and non-hospitalized domestic cats and analyze their antimicrobial resistance profiles, genetic diversity, and risk factors associated with MRS colonization. A total of 218 oral and axillary swabs were obtained from 109 cats, including 77 non-hospitalized and 32 hospitalized cats. After plating on selective media, the isolates were identified via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and rpoB and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Subsequently, antimicrobial sensitivity of the strains was assessed, and they were screened for mecA gene. Methicillin-resistant S. haemolyticus (MRSH) isolates were subjected to multilocus sequence typing, whereas methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) and S. felis isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing. S. felis was most commonly isolated from non-hospitalized cats (28.1%), whereas S. pseudintermedius and MRS were commonly isolated from hospitalized cats (25%). MRSH isolates from hospitalized animals were classified as ST3. The identified MRSP strains belonged to two well-known sequence types, ST551 and ST71. Moreover, antimicrobial use (p = 0.0001), hospitalization (p = 0.0141), and comorbidities (p = 0.002) were associated with increased MRS prevalence in cats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolic reprogramming, a key mechanism regulating the growth and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), still lacks effective clinical strategies for its integration into the precise screening of primary liver cancer. This study utilized ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry to conduct a comprehensive, non-targeted metabolomics analysis, revealing significant upregulation of lipid metabolites such as phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine in patients with HCC and CCA, particularly within the glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway. Hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining demonstrated marked upregulation of phospholipase A2 in tumor tissues, further emphasizing the potential of lipid metabolism as a therapeutic target and its important part in the course of cancer. This work provides a new viewpoint for addressing the clinical challenges associated with HCC and CCA, laying the groundwork for the broad application of early diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies, and ultimately aiming to provide tailored and precise therapeutic options for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stutzerimonas nitrititolerans (S. nitrititolerans) is a rare human pathogenic bacterium and has been inadequately explored at the genomic level. Here, we report the first case of carbapenem-resistant S. nitrititolerans isolated from the peritoneal dialysis fluid of a patient with chronic renal failure. This study analyzed the genomic features, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence factors of the isolated strain through whole genome sequencing (WGS). Methods: The bacterial isolate from the peritoneal dialysis fluid was named PDI170223, and preliminary identification was conducted through Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). WGS of the strain PDI170223 was performed using the Illumina platform, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences. Antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) was conducted using the TDR-200B2 automatic bacteria identification/drug sensitivity tester. Results: S. nitrititolerans may emerge as a human pathogen due to its numerous virulence genes, including those encoding toxins, and those involved in flagellum and biofilm formation. The AST results revealed that the strain is multidrug- and carbapenem-resistant. The antimicrobial resistance genes of S. nitrititolerans are complex and diverse, including efflux pump genes and β⁃lactam resistance genes. Conclusion: The analysis of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of S. nitrititolerans provides clinical insight into the pathogenicity and potential risks of this bacterium. It is crucial to explore the mechanisms through which S. nitrititolerans causes diseases and maintains its antimicrobial resistance, thereby contributing to development of effective treatment and prevention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The list of standard abbreviations for JDS is available at adsa.org/jds-abbreviations-24. Nonstandard abbreviations are available in the Notes. This study established a method for rapid classification of milk products by combining MALDI-TOF MS analysis with machine learning techniques. The analysis of 2 different types of milk products was used as an example. To select key variables as potential markers, integrated machine learning strategies based on 6 feature selection techniques combined with support vector machine (SVM) classifier were implemented to screen the informative features and classify the milk samples. The models were evaluated and compared by accuracy, Akaike information criterion (AIC), and Bayesian information criterion (BIC). The results showed the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) combined with SVM performs best, with prediction accuracy of 100% ± 0%, AIC of −360 ± 22, and BIC of −345 ± 22. Six features were selected by LASSO and identified based on the available protein molecular mass data. These results indicate that MALDI-TOF MS coupled with machine learning technique could be used to search for potential key targets for authentication and quality control of food products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The EPFL Spacecraft Team (EST) is working on the Constellation of High-Performance Exospheric Science Satellites (CHESS) mission, which aims to launch a constellation of two CubeSats in 2027. These CubeSats will study the chemical composition of Earth's exosphere using time-of-flight mass spectrometry. To downlink the collected scientific data, the satellites will utilise a custom X-band transceiver, presented in this paper, operating in the amateur frequency range of 10.45 GHz to 10.50 GHz. The proposed transceiver architecture employs Software-Defined Radio (SDR) technology and can be easily adapted for different use cases. This modular approach has the potential to be suitable for future spacecraft missions, such as active debris removal or lifetime extension services, where flexible communication systems are required. • Hybrid SDR architectures enable versatile telecom systems for space missions. • IOD/IOV missions let students follow the entire life cycle of a space project. • Short development/prototyping cycles maximise the lessons learned in student teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective(s): Prior research has indicated that hydroxycitric acid (HCA) can impede the formation of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals, yet the specific mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects remain unclear. In this study, we delved into the protective effects of HCA against glyoxylate-induced renal stones in rats and sought to elucidate the underlying metabolic pathways. Materials and Methods: Forty rats were randomly assigned to five groups: control group, model group, L-HCA-treated group, M-HCA-treated group, and H-HCA-treated group. Von Kossa staining was conducted on renal sections, and blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were determined by biochemical analysis. Meanwhile, body weight and urine volume were also measured. We subjected urine samples from the rats to analysis using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Next, we employed a metabolomic approach to scrutinize the metabolic profiles of each group. Results: HCA significantly reduced blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine, and increased body weight and urine volume. It also reduced CaOx crystal deposition. A total of 24 metabolites, exhibiting a significant reversal pattern following HCA administration, were identified as urine biomarkers indicative of HCA’s preventive effects against CaOx crystal-induced renal injury. These metabolites are primarily associated with glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; phenylalanine metabolism; tricarboxylic acid cycle; taurine and hypotaurine metabolism; and tryptophan metabolism. Conclusion: It was demonstrated that HCA has a protective effect against CaOx crystal-induced kidney injury in rats by modulating various metabolic pathways. Additionally, results suggest that HCA holds promise as a potential clinical therapeutic drug for both the prevention and treatment of renal stones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop functional varieties of Capsicum spp. leaves, 40 genetic resources were collected and extracted with 30% aqueous-fermented ethanol. We investigated the protective effects of extracts from 40 genetic resources of Capsicum spp. on glutamate-induced HT22 and LPS-induced BV2 cells. The results showed that the five extracts exhibited cell-protective activities. We also investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of these five extracts on LPS-induced BV2 cell neuroinflammation and found that 23OM18 exhibited superior anti-inflammatory effects. We further investigated the protective activity and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of 23OM18 in these two cell models. In addition, the profiles of 16 metabolites were compared between the representative accessions and among the five genetic resources using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS). The results showed that 23OM18 protected HT22 cells by inhibiting reactive oxygen species generation and regulating the MAPK-JNK signaling pathway, thereby reducing LPS-induced BV2 cell neuroinflammation by regulating the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Based on these results, 23OM18 has the potential to be developed as a functional food for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volatile components in red orange essential oil extracted by two cold pressing processes (cup pressing and lime method) were analyzed by gas chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-Q/TOF). A total of 93 components were identified, 89 and 84 compounds were identified for the two types of red orange essential oils, respectively. Among the 93 components, there were 29 terpenes, 20 alcohols, 20 aldehydes, 5 esters, 2 ketones, 12 hydrocarbons, and 5 other compounds. There were 80 compounds shared by the two essential oils. The total volatile component content of red orange essential oil by cup pressing method was significantly higher than that by lime method. The highest content of these compounds was terpenes which total content was over 80%. In addition, the compounds with higher content were D-limonene, γ-terpinene, β-myrcene, linalool and α-pinene. According to principal component analysis (PCA), there was a significant difference in the volatile components of the two types of red orange essential oils. The relative odor activity value (ROAV) method indicated that linalool was the most important aroma component of the two red orange essential oils. And the citrus aroma properties of red orange essential oil extracted by cup pressing method was significantly stronger than that extracted by lime method. Linalool, thymol, β-myrcene, D-limonene, citronellal, and γ- terpinene were confirmed to the key aroma components of the red orange essential oils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N-glycans have recently emerged as highly varied elements of Chlorella strains and products. Four years and eighty samples later, the increasing N-glycan diversity calls for a re-examination in the light of concepts of species designations and product authenticity. N-glycans of commercial products were analyzed by matrix-assisted time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) supported by chromatography on porous graphitic carbon with mass spectrometric detection. Although 36% of 172 products were labeled C. vulgaris, only 9% presented what could be taken as a C. vulgaris type N-glycan pattern. Respectively, 5 and 20% of the products matched with C. sorokiniana strains SAG 211-8k and SAG 211-34, which, however, carry entirely different structures. Furthermore, 41% presented with one of four frequently occurring glyco-types while 26% of the samples showed unique or rare N-glycan patterns. These glycan signatures thus profoundly challenge the stated species designations. By no means do we want to question the presumed health benefits of the products or the sincerity of manufacturers. We rather aim to raise awareness of the fascinating but also concerning diversity of microalgal N-glycans and suggest it as a means for defining product identity and taxonomic classifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is a serious public health concern regarding the emergence of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CREC). The purpose of this study is to identify the molecular characterization and risk factors of CREC in Fujian province, China. Methods: A total of 48 CREC isolates were collected from various clinical samples. The strains were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS). Susceptibility to antibiotics was determined by the standard broth microdilution method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to screen common drug resistance genes. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to type isolates. RT-qPCR was used to detect gene expression of acrA, acrB, and tolC. Conjugation assays were used to analyze the transferability of plasmids carrying mcr-1 or blaNDM. Risk factors for CREC infection were identified by logistic regression analysis. Results: 48 CREC strains were collected, with 81.25% producing carbapenemase (CP-CREC), and 18.75% were not producing carbapenemase (no-CP-CREC). They belonged to 21 sequence type (STs) and five unknown STs. Perianal swabs were the main sample type, with 25 patients found to have hematological malignancies. All isolates of CP-CREC were found to contain blaNDM (blaNDM−5 (n = 32), blaNDM−1 (n = 5), blaNDM−4 (n = 1), and blaNDM−13 (n = 1)), among which one isolate co-existence blaNDM−5 and blaOXA−48. Two blaNDM-positive strains, specifically blaNDM−5 and blaNDM−4, were found to co-habor mcr-1 with ST617. Conjugation assays confirmed that blaNDM−1, blaNDM−13, and most blaNDM−5(68.75%, 22/32) could be transferred between E. coli strains. Four of the 9 non-CP-CREC isolates had deletions in ompC and ompF with blaCTX−M production, while the other five showed high expression of acrA, acrB, and tolC. Antibiotics usage, antifungal treatment, detection of other pathogens (prior to CREC infection), and respiratory disease were identified as independent risk factors for CREC infection. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the scoring system was 0.937. Youden's index, with sensitivity and specificity of 0.96 and 0.78, was maximal when 2 points were scored. Conclusions: In CP-CREC, carbapenem resistance is caused primarily by multiple types of blaNDM, while non-CP-CREC is caused by loss of porin protein or high expression of efflux pumps coupled with carrying blaCTX−M. CREC isolates were highly diverse in terms of ST, with a total of 21 STs identified. Here, we first describe a clinical strain of CREC from China both mcr-1 and blaNDM −4 with ST617. An easy-to-use scoring system was developed to diagnose CREC infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fruit- and vegetable-processing facilities may contaminate wastewater via contaminants found in the produce and disinfecting chemicals used. These contaminants may include agrochemicals, pesticides, and disinfectants such as chlorine and quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs). Some compounds may exhibit harmful endocrine-disrupting activity. This study investigated the impact of a minimally processed vegetable facility on wastewater quality via in vitro bioassays and chemical screening. Estrogen activity was assessed via a yeast estrogen screen (YES), and (anti-)androgenic and glucocorticoid activities were evaluated via an MDA-kb2 reporter gene assay. The samples were screened via gas and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS) to identify target compounds, and GC coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS) was used for non-targeted screening. Sample complexity and chemical profiles were assessed using GC-TOFMS. Estrogenic activity was detected in 16 samples (n = 24) with an upper limit of 595 ± 37 ng/L estradiol equivalents (EEqs). The final wastewater before discharge had an EEq of 0.23 ng/L, which is within the ecological effect-based trigger value range for the estrogenic activity of wastewater (0.2-0.4 ng/L EEq). Androgenic activity was detected in one sample with a dihydrotestosterone equivalent (DHTEq) value of 10 ± 2.7 ng/L. No antiandrogenic activity was detected. The GC-MS/MS and LC- MS/MS results indicated the presence of multiple pesticides, nonylphenols, triclocarban, and triclosan. Many of these compounds exhibit estrogenic activity, which may explain the positive YES assay findings. These findings showed that wastewater from the facility contained detergents, disinfectants, and pesticides and displayed hormonal activity. Food-processing facilities release large volumes of wastewater, which may affect the quality of the water eventually being discharged into the environment. We recommend expanding conventional water quality monitoring efforts to include additional factors like endocrine activity and disinfectant byproducts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Centella asiatica, a traditional herb, is widely recognized for its pharmacologically active components, such as asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic acid, and madecassic acid. These components render it a highly sought-after ingredient in various industries, including cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. This study aimed to enhance the production and activity of these pharmacological constituents of C. asiatica using the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Priestia megaterium HyangYak-01 during its cultivation. To achieve this goal, the researchers conducted field experiments, which revealed an increase in the production of pharmacologically active compounds in C. asiatica cultivated with a P. megaterium HyangYak-01 culture solution. Additionally, quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF MS) confirmed that the composition ratios of the C. asiatica extract treated with the P. megaterium HyangYak-01 culture solution differed from those of the untreated control and type strain-treated groups. Skin cell experiments indicated that the C. asiatica extract treated with the P. megaterium HyangYak-01 culture solution exhibited greater skin barrier improvement and less pronounced inflammatory responses than those from plants grown without the bacterial culture solution. This study demonstrates that microbial treatment during plant cultivation can beneficially influence the production of pharmacological constituents, suggesting a valuable approach toward enhancing the therapeutic properties of plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This study aimed to verify that aerosolization ocular surface microorganisms (AOSMs) accumulated during non-contact tonometry (NCT) measurements. Methods: A total of 508 participants (740 eyes) were enrolled in the study. In Experiment 1, before NCT was performed on each eye, the air was disinfected, and environment air control samples were collected via Air ideal® 3P (Bio Merieux). During NCT measurements, microbial aerosol samples were collected once from each eye. In Experiment 2, we collected initial blank control samples and then repeated Experiment 1. Finally, in Experiment 3, after the background microbial aerosol investigation, we cumulatively sampled AOSMs from each 10 participants then culture once, without any interventions to interrupt the accumulation. The collected samples were incubated and identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Results: Pathogenic Aerococcus viridans and other microorganisms from human eyes can spread and accumulate in the air during NCT measurements. The species and quantity of AOSMs produced by NCT measurements can demonstrate an accumulation effect. Conclusion: AOSMs generated during NCT measurements are highly likely to spread and accumulate in the air, thereby may increase the risk of exposure to and transmission of bio-aerosols. Precis: Pathogenic Aerococcus viridans and other species of aerosolization ocular surface microorganisms (AOSMs) can spread and accumulate with the increase of NCT measurement person times, demonstrating an accumulation effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is complex. Recent research suggests that AD patients have early disorders in brain cholesterol metabolism. Cholesterol and its derivatives accumulate in neurons, leading to p-Tau overproduction and synaptic dysfunction, initiating AD progression. Calycosin-7-O-ß-D-glucoside (CG), a distinctive constituent of Astragali Radix, holds a representative position. Many clinical trials have demonstrated that CG can attenuate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and preserve the structural integrity of the blood-brain barrier. However, whether CG alleviates tau-mediated neurodegeneration by increasing cholesterol efflux after lipid accumulation remains unexplored. Methods: Ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLCQ-TOF-MS/MS) and multivariate data analysis were employed to investigate metabolic changes in HT22 cells induced by sodium palmitate following 24 hours of CG treatment. The potential therapeutic mechanisms of CG on AD were further examined through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Results: Metabolomic analysis characterized 24 potential biomarkers, revealing that CG could ameliorate cholesterol metabolic pathways. The results of cell experiments revealed that CG can increase the expression of enzyme cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (CYP46A1) (p < 0.05) and the level of 24 hydroxycholesterol (24-OHC) (p < 0.05), reduce the expression of p-Tau (Thr231)/Tau (p < 0.01), inhibit the formation of lipid droplets. Conclusion: CG may inhibit the accumulation of cholesterol and its derivatives in neurons by affecting the CYP46A1-CE-Tau axis, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coastal water quality is facing increasing threats due to human activities. Their contamination by sewage discharges poses significant risks to the environment and public health. We aimed to investigate the presence of antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus in beach waters. Over a 10-month period, samples were collected from four beaches in the State of São Paulo (Brazil). Enterococcus isolates underwent matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) and molecular analysis for accurate genus and species identification. The antimicrobial susceptibility for 14 antibiotics was evaluated using the disc diffusion method followed by a multidrug-resistance (MDR) classification. PCR amplification method was used to detect antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Our findings revealed the prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium and E. hirae. Out of 130 isolates, 118 were resistant to multiple antibiotics. The detection of resistance genes provided evidence of the potential transfer of antibiotic resistance within the environment. Our findings underscore the necessity for continuous research and surveillance to enhance understanding of the pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of Enterococcus, which is crucial to implement effective measures to preserve the integrity of coastal ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In recent years, cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) modulating therapy has made it possible to treat the underlying pathophysiological defect in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Response to therapy varies among patients. We investigated the immune responses and exhaled breath profile changes after the initiation of CFTR modulator therapy to explore their potential as markers of therapy response. Methods: We performed a prospective, longitudinal proof-of-principle study, investigating immune responses and exhaled breath volatile organic component (VOC) profiles prior to and during the initiation of therapy with Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor in a cohort of 17 patients with CF aged 2 to 6 years old. Response to therapy was assessed based on clinical markers and the decrease in sweat chloride. Whole blood stimulation assays were performed at t = 0, 6 and 18 weeks, while VOC analysis was performed at t = 0 and 18 weeks. Results: A pattern of immune reconstitution was found in the first 4 months of therapy. The same pattern was found in responders and non-responders. Exhaled breath VOC profiles were significantly affected by therapy. A trend toward a significant difference was found between responders and non-responders. Conclusions: Pediatric CF patients show a pattern of immune reconstitution after the initiation of CFTR modulating therapy. We hypothesize that this could be explained by the need for a pro-inflammatory profile for a more effective clearance of latent airway pathogens in the initial phase. The exhaled breath profile also clearly changes after the initiation of therapy, indicating the therapy's influence on airway inflammation and oxidative stress; thus, it might predict the response to therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the anti-inflammatory and antiprotozoal effects as well as chemical profile of ethanol extracts of Hedyotis diffusa (Rubiaceae) (HDE) and Scutellaria barbata (Lamiaceae) (SBE). Methods: Dried whole plants collected in Vietnam were extracted with ethanol (30 and 96 %) by maceration for 4 weeks. The resulting extracts obtained after evaporating the solvent were stored in a refrigerator at 4 oC. Mouse carrageenan-induced inflammation and mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 were used to assess the in vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory activities, respectively, while ciliate, Tetrahymena pyriformis was used to determine antiprotozoal effects. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was employed to analyze the chemical profiles of the extracts. Results: All the extracts manifested anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. The HDE exhibited significantly higher in vitro anti-inflammatory activity than SBE (p < 0.05). Furthermore, in vivo antiinflammatory activity was higher in SBE compared to HDE. Both extracts exhibited antiprotozoal effects. The 96 % ethanol extract of both plants were more active than the 30 % ethanol extracts. Analysis by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS revealed the presence of chrysin, apigenin and apigenin derivatives, naringenin, wogonin, quercetin and quercetin derivatives, as well as scutellarin. Conclusion: The HDE and SBE extracts from Vietnam exhibit significant in vivo and in vitro antiinflammatory activities and in addition, antiprotozoal activity against Tetrahymena pyriformis. These plants, therefore, are potential sources of antiprotozoal agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Candida parapsilosis is a common cause of non-albicans Candida species causing candidemia, particularly invasive candidiasis. This study aimed to characterize candidemia due to the C. parapsilosis complex with serial episodes, including clinical and mycological features. Methods: Blood isolates of the C. parapsilosis complex were collected from February 2019 to January 2023 at a tertiary Korean hospital. Species identification was performed using Vitek 2 or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using the Sensititre YeastOne® system. Clinical information was collected, and characteristics were analyzed according to single or serial isolates. Results: A total of 586 blood isolates of the C. parapsilosis complex were recovered from 68 candidemia patients during the study period. Of them, only the first isolate per patient was investigated. The only two isolates were resistant to fluconazole and no isolate was resistant to echinocandins, amphotericin B, or 5-FC. A single episode of candidemia occurred in 35 patients, while serial episodes occurred in 33 patients. Underlying liver diseases, use of vasopressors, ICU admission, severe sepsis, and CVC use were more frequent in patients with serial episodes. There was no significant difference in the median MIC values of antifungal agents or the use of azoles or amphotericin B between single and serial episodes. However, patients with serial episodes more frequently received echinocandin therapy. Overall, there was no significant difference in the 30-day mortality rate between patients with single and serial episodes. Conclusion: Our data indicate that several factors related to the underlying conditions of the patients are associated with C. parapsilosis candidemia with serial episodes, rather than the characteristics of Candida itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a widespread global health issue with a varying prevalence influenced by geography, socioeconomic status, and demographics. In the U.S., the prevalence is lower, though certain groups, such as older adults and immigrants from high-prevalence regions, show higher rates. The decrease in infection rates in developed countries is due to improved sanitation, antibiotics, and healthcare, whereas developing countries continue to experience high rates due to poor living conditions. H. pylori infection can be asymptomatic or cause symptoms like dyspepsia, abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and loss of appetite. Pathophysiologically, H. pylori contribute to conditions such as gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer through mechanisms including urease production and the release of virulence factors, leading to chronic inflammation and an increased cancer risk. Diagnostic methods for H. pylori have progressed significantly. Non-invasive techniques, such as serological assays, stool antigen tests, and urea breath tests, are practical and sensitive. Invasive methods, including endoscopic biopsy and molecular diagnostics, are more definitive but resource intensive. Recent advancements in diagnostic technology, including matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), biosensor technology, and next-generation sequencing (NGS), promise improved speed, accuracy, and accessibility. These innovations are expected to enhance the detection and management of H. pylori, potentially reducing the global disease burden. This review aims to discuss these diagnostic modalities with a focus on further advances under investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many naturally occurring chemical metabolites with significant cytotoxic activities have been isolated from medicinal plants and have become the leading hotspot of anti-cancer research in recent years. Hyptis rhomboidea Mart. et Gal is used as a folk medicine in South China to treat or assist in the treatment of liver disease, ulcers, and edema. But its chemical constituents have not been fully investigated yet. This study aimed to assess the cytotoxicity of H. rhomboidea, which was chemically characterized by chromatography–mass spectrometry methods. The results showed that the 95% ethanol extract of H. rhomboidea has marked inhibitory effects on five human cancer cell lines (HL-60, A549, SMMC-7721, MDA-MB-231, and SW480), with IC50 values ranging from 15.8 to 40.0 μg/mL. A total of 64 compounds were identified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) and gas chromatograph–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis of H. rhomboidea crude extract. Among them, kaempferol, quercetin, rosmarinic acid, squalene, and campesterol were found to be abundant and might be the major metabolites involved to its bioactivity. The cytotoxic characterization and metabolite profiling of H. rhomboidea displayed in this research provides scientific evidence to support its use as medicinal properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, we report an update and extension of the previous ion-pair formation study of Hubers, M.M.; Los, J. Chem. Phys. 1975, 10, 235–259, noting new fragment anions from time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The branching ratios obtained from the negative ions formed in K + SF6 collisions, in a wide energy range from 10.7 up to 213.1 eV in the centre-of-mass frame, show that the main anion is assigned to SF5− and contributing to more than 70% of the total ion yield, followed by the non-dissociated parent anion SF6− and F−. Other less intense anions amounting to <20% are assigned to SF3− and F2−, while a trace contribution at 32u is tentatively assigned to S− formation, although the rather complex intramolecular energy redistribution within the temporary negative ion is formed during the collision. An energy loss spectrum of potassium cation post-collision is recorded showing features that have been assigned with the help of theoretical calculations. Quantum chemical calculations for the lowest-lying unoccupied molecular orbitals in the presence of a potassium atom are performed to support the experimental findings. Apart from the role of the different resonances participating in the formation of different anions, the role of higher-lying electronic-excited states of Rydberg character are noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation was performed to figure out the chemical constituents and biological potential of polar extracts (AcOEt and BuOH) from Achillea ligustica, a medicinal species of the Asteraceae family. Liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS) was utilized to conduct a preliminary analysis of the phytochemical profiles of the AcOEt and BuOH extracts. The analysis revealed the existence of twenty compounds in the AcOEt extract and twenty-two in the BuOH extract, classified into various types of secondary metabolites. Subsequently, the exudate from the plant yielded five flavonoids, including two 6-methoxyflavonols identified for the first time in this genus. The isolation of compounds from AcOEt and BuOH extracts was achieved through the combined use of column chromatography (silica gel and Sephadex LH-20) and preparative TLC chromatography. The structures have been elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, alongside comparisons with research data. Our study measured the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and carried out a comprehensive range of antioxidant tests using DPPH, GOR, CUPRAC, reducing power, and O-phenanthroline assays. Both extracts exhibited considerable antioxidant potential and contained high levels of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The photoprotective effect of the AcOEt and BuOH extracts was evaluated in vitro by measuring the sun protection factor. Both extracts exhibited a high capacity for UV radiation absorption. Consequently, this plant presents an intriguing prospect for future research focused on incorporating it into photoprotective cosmetic products and pharmaceutical formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the metabolomic profiles of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) across various stages of the disease. Methods: The plasma samples were obtained from 255 subjects, including patients with CRC in stages I-IV, polyps, and controls. We employed capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry to analyze hydrophilic metabolites comprehensively. The data were randomly divided into two groups, and consistent differences observed in both groups were analyzed. Results: Acetylated polyamines, such as N1-acetylspermine and N1, N12-diacetylspermine, consistently showed elevated concentrations in stage IV compared to stages I-III. Non-acetylated polyamines, including spermine and spermidine, exhibited increasing trends from polyp to stage IV. Other metabolites, such as histidine and o-acetylcarnitine, showed decreasing trends across stages. While acetylated polyamines have been reported as CRC detection markers, our findings suggest that they also possess diagnostic potential for distinguishing stage IV from other stages. Conclusions: This study showed stage-specific changes in metabolic profiles, including polyamines, of colorectal cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to identify and characterize a novel endo-β-glucanase, IDSGLUC9-4, from the rumen metatranscriptome of Hu sheep. Methods: A novel endo-β-glucanase, IDSGLUC9-4, was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and biochemically characterized. The optimal temperature and pH of recombinant IDSGLUC9-4 were determined. Subsequently, substrate specificity of the enzyme was assessed using mixed-linked glucans including barley β-glucan and Icelandic moss lichenan. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry analyses were conducted to determine the products released from polysaccharides and cello-oligosaccharides substrates. Results: The recombinant IDSGLUC9-4 exhibited temperature and pH optima of 40°C and pH 6.0, respectively. It exclusively hydrolyzed mixed-linked glucans, with significant activity observed for barley β-glucan (109.59±3.61 μmol/mg min) and Icelandic moss lichenan (35.35±1.55 μmol/mg min). TLC and HPLC analyses revealed that IDSGLUC9-4 primarily released cellobiose, cellotriose, and cellotetraose from polysaccharide substrates. Furthermore, after 48 h of reaction, IDSGLUC9-4 removed most of the glucose, indicating transglycosylation activity alongside its endo-glucanase activity. Conclusion: The recombinant IDSGLUC9-4 was a relatively acid-resistant, mesophilic endo-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) that hydrolyzed glucan-like substrates, generating predominantly G3 and G4 oligosaccharides, and which appeared to have glycosylation activity. These findings provided insights into the substrate specificity and product profiles of rumen-derived GH9 glucanases and contributed to the expanding knowledge of cellulolytic enzymes and novel herbivore rumen enzymes in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work was to provide a theoretical and scientific basis for the treatment, prevention, and control of clinical drug-resistant bacterial infections by studying the molecular epidemiology and horizontal transfer mechanism of optrA-carrying linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis strains (LREfs) that were clinically isolated in a tertiary hospital in Kunming, China. Non-repetitive LREfs retained in a tertiary A hospital in Kunming, China. The strains were identified by Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The transferability and horizontal transfer mechanism of optrA gene were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), whole-genome sequencing (WGS), and conjugation experiments. A total of 39 LREfs strains were collected, and all of them were multi-drug resistant. There were 30 LREfs strains (76.9%) carrying the optrA gene, The cfr, poxtA genes and mutations in the 23S rRNA gene were not detected. The conjugation experiments showed that only three of 10 randomly selected optrA-carrying LREfs were successfully conjugated with JH2-2. Further analysis of one successfully conjugated strain revealed that the optrA gene, located in the donor bacterium, formed the IS1216E-erm(A)-optrA-fexA-IS1216E transferable fragment under the mediation of the mobile genetic element (MGE) IS1216E, which was then transferred to the recipient bacterium via horizontal plasmid transfer. Carrying the optrA gene is the primary resistance mechanism of LREfs strains. The optrA gene could carry the erm(A) and fexA genes to co-transfer among E. faecalis. MGEs such as insertion sequence IS1216E play an important role in the horizontal transfer of the optrA gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stool is a mixture of excrement, microbiota, enzymes, undigested material, and small molecules. Fecal metabolomics has gained interest recently, owing to advances in metabolomics and growing research into both the host's physiology and the gut microbiome. One challenge with fecal metabolomics is preserving the sample integrity from collection until analysis, as the microbiota and enzymes continue to alter the metabolome following defecation. Currently, flash-freezing or lyophilization are utilized to minimize post-collection metabolome changes; however, this requires complex equipment and immediate processing, precluding the possibility for at-home sampling. Commercial devices containing stabilizing solvents have been developed to facilitate at-home collection, ambient transport, and sample storage. Here, we explore the efficacy of a commercially available stool collection device with a stabilization reagent tailored to fecal metabolomics. Stool samples from six donors were either processed shortly post-collection or stored at room temperature for seven days in the tube, with and without the stabilization reagent. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS)-based untargeted metabolomics was utilized for analyzing extracted metabolites. Chemometric analysis was used to evaluate the performance of the device. We found that the device with the stabilization reagent minimized changes in the metabolite profile relative to unstabilized stool left at room temperature for one week. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]