Search

Your search keyword '"T. Adkins"' showing total 17 results
Start Over Author "T. Adkins" Search Limiters Full Text
17 results on '"T. Adkins"'

1. On the importance of parallel magnetic-field fluctuations for electromagnetic instabilities in STEP

Author

D. Kennedy, C.M. Roach, M. Giacomin, P.G. Ivanov, T. Adkins, F. Sheffield, T. Görler, A. Bokshi, D. Dickinson, H.G. Dudding, and B.S. Patel

Subjects
gyrokinetics, kinetic ballooning modes, high-β, spherical tokamaks, electromagnetic runaway, turbulence, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

This paper discusses the importance of parallel perturbations of the magnetic-field in gyrokinetic simulations of electromagnetic instabilities and turbulence at mid-radius in the burning plasma phase of the conceptual high- β , reactor-scale, tight-aspect-ratio tokamak STEP. Previous studies have revealed the presence of unstable hybrid kinetic ballooning modes (hKBMs) and subdominant microtearing modes at binormal scales approaching the ion Larmor radius. In this STEP plasma it was found that the hKBM requires the inclusion of parallel magnetic-field perturbations to be linearly unstable. Here, the extent to which the inclusion of fluctuations in the parallel magnetic-field can be relaxed is explored through gyrokinetic simulations. In particular, the frequently used MHD approximation (dropping $\delta \! B_{\parallel}$ and setting the $\nabla B$ drift frequency equal to the curvature drift frequency) is discussed and simulations explore whether this approximation is useful for modelling STEP plasmas. It is shown that the MHD approximation can reproduce some of the linear properties of the full STEP gyrokinetic system, but is too stable at low k _y and nonlinear simulations using the MHD approximation result in very different transport states. It is demonstrated that the MHD approximation is challenged by the high $\beta^{^{\prime}}$ values in STEP, and that the approximation improves considerably at lower $\beta^{^{\prime}}$ . Furthermore, it is shown that the sensitivity of STEP to $\delta \! B_{\parallel}$ fluctuations is primarily because the plasma sits close to marginality and it is shown that in slightly more strongly driven conditions the hKBM is unstable without $\delta \! B_{\parallel}.$ Crucially, it is demonstrated that the state of large transport typically predicted by local electromagnetic gyrokinetic simulations of STEP plasmas is not solely due to $\delta \! B_{\parallel}$ physics.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Electromagnetic instabilities and plasma turbulence driven by electron-temperature gradient

Author

T. Adkins, A.A. Schekochihin, P.G. Ivanov, and C.M. Roach

Subjects
Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Physics::Plasma Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Condensed Matter Physics, Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Electromagnetic (EM) instabilities and turbulence driven by the electron-temperature gradient are considered in a local slab model of a tokamak-like plasma. The model describes perturbations at scales both larger and smaller than the flux-freezing scale $d_e$, and so captures both electrostatic and EM regimes of turbulence. The well-known electrostatic instabilities -- slab and curvature-mediated ETG -- are recovered, and a new instability is found in the EM regime, called the Thermo-Alfv\'enic instability (TAI). It exists in both a slab version (sTAI, destabilising kinetic Alfv\'en waves) and a curvature-mediated version (cTAI), which is a cousin of the (electron-scale) kinetic ballooning mode (KBM). The cTAI turns out to be dominant at the largest scales covered by the model (greater than $d_e$ but smaller than $\rho_i$), its physical mechanism hinging on the fast equalisation of the total temperature along perturbed magnetic field lines (in contrast to KBM, which is pressure balanced). A turbulent cascade theory is then constructed, with two energy-injection scales: $d_e$, where the drivers are slab ETG and sTAI, and a larger (parallel system size dependent) scale, where the driver is cTAI. The latter dominates the turbulent transport if the temperature gradient is greater than a certain critical value, which scales inversely with the electron beta. The resulting heat flux scales more steeply with the temperature gradient than that due to electrostatic ETG turbulence, giving rise to stiffer transport. This can be viewed as a physical argument in favour of near-marginal steady-state in electron-transport-controlled plasmas (e.g., the pedestal). While the model is simplistic, the new physics that is revealed by it should be of interest to those attempting to model the effect of EM turbulence in tokamak-relevant configurations with high beta and large electron temperature gradients., Comment: 104 pages, 17 figures

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Collisionless relaxation of a Lynden-Bell plasma

Author

R.J. Ewart, A. Brown, T. Adkins, and A.A. Schekochihin

Subjects
Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), FOS: Physical sciences, Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD), Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nonlinear Sciences - Chaotic Dynamics, Condensed Matter Physics, Physics - Plasma Physics, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract

Plasmas whose Coulomb-collision rates are very small may relax on shorter time scales to non-Maxwellian quasi-equilibria, which, nevertheless, have a universal form, with dependence on initial conditions retained only via an infinite set of Casimir invariants enforcing phase-volume conservation. These are distributions derived by Lynden-Bell (1967) via a statistical-mechanical entropy-maximisation procedure, assuming perfect mixing of phase-space elements. To show that these equilibria are reached dynamically, one must derive an effective `collisionless collision integral' for which they are fixed points -- unique and inevitable provided the integral has an appropriate H-theorem. We describe how such collision integrals are derived and what assumptions are required for them to have a closed form, how to prove the H-theorems for them, and why, for a system carrying sufficiently large electric-fluctuation energy, collisionless relaxation should be fast. It is suggested that collisionless dynamics may favour maximising entropy locally in phase space before converging to global maximum-entropy states. Relaxation due to interspecies interaction is examined, leading, inter alia, to spontaneous transient generation of electron currents. The formalism also allows efficient recovery of `true' collision integrals for both classical and quantum plasmas., Comment: 46 pages, 4 figures, submitted to JPP

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Extended electron tails in electrostatic microinstabilities and the nonadiabatic response of passing electrons

Author

M R Hardman, F I Parra, C Chong, T Adkins, M S Anastopoulos-Tzanis, M Barnes, D Dickinson, J F Parisi, and H Wilson

Subjects
Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, FOS: Physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Physics - Plasma Physics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, 3. Good health
Abstract

Ion-gyroradius-scale microinstabilities typically have a frequency comparable to the ion transit frequency. Due to the small electron-to-ion mass ratio and the large electron transit frequency, it is conventionally assumed that passing electrons respond adiabatically in ion-gyroradius-scale modes. However, in gyrokinetic simulations of ion-gyroradius-scale modes in axisymmetric toroidal magnetic fields, the nonadiabatic response of passing electrons can drive the mode, and generate fluctuations with narrow radial layers, which may have consequences for turbulent transport in a variety of circumstances. In flux tube simulations, in the ballooning representation, these instabilities reveal themselves as modes with extended tails. The small electron-to-ion mass ratio limit of linear gyrokinetics for electrostatic instabilities is presented, in axisymmetric toroidal magnetic geometry, including the nonadiabatic response of passing electrons and associated narrow radial layers. This theory reveals the existence of ion-gyroradius-scale modes driven solely by the nonadiabatic passing electron response, and recovers the usual ion-gyroradius-scale modes driven by the response of ions and trapped electrons, where the nonadiabatic response of passing electrons is small. The collisionless and collisional limits of the theory are considered, demonstrating parallels in structure and physical processes to neoclassical transport theory. By examining initial-value simulations of fastest-growing eigenmodes, the predictions for mass-ratio scaling are tested and verified numerically for a range of collision frequencies. Insights from the small electron-to-ion mass ratio theory may lead to a computationally efficient treatment of extended modes., Comment: 75 pages, 23 figures

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. DNA methylation age calculators reveal association with diabetic neuropathy in type 1 diabetes

Author

Thomas Donner, P. Rezaeian, John I. Malone, Sharon B. Schwartz, Xiaoyu Gao, Szilard Kiss, Matthew J. Budoff, David R. Sell, A. Dwoskin, Ronald J. Prineas, C. Pittman, M. Reid, C. McDonald, S. Caulder, M. Szpiech, Oscar B. Crofford, Rachel G. Miller, Louis A. Lobes, M. Patronas, C. Canny, M. E. Lackaye, Sandra R. Montezuma, Richard M. Bergenstal, Patricia Gatcomb, Julie A. Stoner, H. Pan, James L. Kinyoun, J. Mortenson, Osama Hamdy, Connie Fountain, David D. Moore, Kusiel Perlman, R. Trail, David A. Lee, J. Sheindlin, Samuel Dagogo-Jack, Jeffrey L. Mahon, Jill P. Crandall, L. Gill, T. Thompson, Lee M. Jampol, K. Koushan, David S. Schade, J. Brown-Friday, M. Basco, S. Dunnigan, J. Bylsma, R. Birk, L. H. Ketai, J. Hotaling, Stephen W. Scherer, W. Mestrezat, Stephan Villavicencio, R. Lyon, M. Carney, John Kramer, Sunder Mudaliar, David M. Nathan, M. Moran, F. Leandre, James W. Albers, L. Survant, Joseph F. Polak, Manjot K. Gill, Anton Orlin, M. Prince, Pamela A. Silver, Amy K. Saenger, John D. Brunzell, Kathleen E. Bainbridge, L. Babbione, Amisha Wallia, J. Vaccaro-Kish, Bradley D. Jones, M. Hebdon, L. McKenzie, Richard M. Hoffman, S. Chang, C. Siebert, George S. Sharuk, D. Counts, A. Lucas, P. Ramos, N. Burkhart, N. Bakshi, N. Flaherty, D. Kenny, M. Driscoll, Harjit Chahal, Ronald K. Mayfield, S. Hensley, E. Weimann, M. Franz, Martin J. Stevens, N. S. Gregory, Christopher J. O'Donnell, J. Laechelt, Pamela Ossorio, Jerry P. Palmer, Rama Natarajan, G. Ziegler, K. Martin, R. Beaser, C. Beck, L. Zhang, T. J. Declue, David M. Kendall, H. Solc, A. Vella, H. Martinez, Cormac T. Taylor, S. Neill, Douglas A. Greene, P. Lee, D. Norman, Andrew J. Barkmeier, Dean P. Hainsworth, Alka Jain, Sapna Gangaputra, N. Thangthaeng, Lorraine Thomas, Michael H. Brent, M. Bracey, Philip Raskin, Q. Clemens, Barbara H. Braffett, Mark S. Mandelcorn, Lloyd Paul Aiello, John E. Godine, T. Speigelberg, R. Chan, R. Hanna, Shelley B. Bull, William I. Sivitz, R. Sussman, C. Kwong, S. Cercone, P. Hollander, N. Leloudes, Joseph M. Terry, J. Wesche, E. A. Tanaka, D. Rosenberg, Wanjie Sun, L. Sun, Tom Clark, Deborah K. Schlossman, Louis M. Luttrell, R. Dunn, A. Farr, K. McVary, Gayle M. Lorenzi, A. Joseph, Catherine C. Cowie, M. Barr, D. Zimbler, S. Mendley, S. Schussler, N. Grove, Matthew D. Davis, Jong Mu Sun, Sophie Rogers, John P. Bantle, Brandy N. Rutledge, Senda Ajroud-Driss, Vincent M. Monnier, Cladd E. Stevens, Y. G. He, M. Phillips, C. Williams, J. MacIndoe, Kaleigh Farrell, Helen Lambeth, Ayad A. Jaffa, J. Quin, Morey W. Haymond, R. Kirby, D. Steinberg, William H. Herman, M. Mech, Arup Das, Robert Detrano, J. Brown, D. McMillan, Linda Snetselaar, Mark W. Johnson, R. Zeitler, T. Taylor, Peter R. Pavan, Michael H. Goldbaum, Bruce A. Perkins, R. G. Campbell, David A. Nicolle, R. J. van der Geest, Irene Hramiak, D. Freking, Lucy A. Levandoski, S. Colson, Charles Campbell, Victoria R. Trapani, Lawrence J. Singerman, D. Meyer, W. Tang, J. Soule, Anita Harrington, Julie A. Nelson, John A. Colwell, Naji Younes, P. Salemi, K. Hansen, Trevor J. Orchard, S. Huddleston, L. Steranchak, C. Sommer, G. Castle, J. Ginsberg, Paula McGee, V. Gama, John Dupre, Z. Strugula, M. Swenson, N. Wong, David A. Bluemke, M. Nutaitis, Anita Agarwal, M. Lin, K. Nickander, Elsayed Z. Soliman, Joao A. Lima, M. L. Schluter, Fred W. Whitehouse, Lisa Diminick, C. Cornish, M. Spencer, Daniel T. Lackland, Ionut Bebu, Hunter Wessells, S. Yacoub-Wasef, A. Determan, L. Van Ottingham, Howard Wolpert, R. Ehrlich, A. Blevins, L. Jovanovic, D. Finegold, Davida F. Kruger, Jye-Yu C. Backlund, K. Chan, Timothy J. Murtha, R. K. Mayfield, Robert W. Cavicchi, Maria F. Lopes-Virella, Thomas A. Weingeist, K. Lee, Mary E. Larkin, B. Blodi, J. Gott, Timothy J. Lyons, J. Selby, Chris Ryan, J. Harth, P. Pugsley, L. Keasler, John D. Maynard, Paul G. Arrigg, Amy B. Karger, P. Colby, J. Farquhar, Mark H. Schutta, Murk-Hein Heinemann, Kathie L. Hermayer, B. Bosco, C. Lovell, A. Bhan, A. Galprin, M. Cayford, M. Schumer, John E. Chapin, D. Rubinstein, F. Miao, V. Asuquo, Catherine L. Martin, Rodney A. Lorenz, Samuel S. Engel, L. Funk, Cyndi F. Liu, Barbara J. Maschak-Carey, Stephen S. Feman, P. Lindsey, M. Giotta, Philip A. Low, S. Kwon, R. Fahlstrom, A. Iannacone, B. French, H. Remtema, L. Cimino, S. Barron, J. McConnell, Jane L. Lynch, L. Kim, T. Williams, A. Degillio, Blanche M. Chavers, M. Novak, Julio V. Santiago, Ronald P. Danis, P. Gaston, Tae Sup Lee, T. Woodfill, R. Cuddihy, Scott M. Steidl, Alanna C. Morrison, E. Ryan, D. Lawrence, D. Cros, T. Adkins, D. Adelman, L. Dews, Patricia A. Cleary, J. Parker, L. Olmos De Koo, C. Kim, Mark R. Palmert, P. Astelford, Stefan Fritz, B. Olson, Kelvin C. Fong, Alan M. Jacobson, Stanley L. Hazen, D. Hornbeck, K. Folino, M. L. Bernal, Gabriel Virella, William V. Tamborlane, Neil H. White, Daniel L. McGee, Denis Daneman, H. Shamoon, William Dahms, S. Elsing, S. Brink, J. Ahern, Delnaz Roshandel, John M. Pach, N. W. Rodger, E. Cupelli, Dara D. Koozekanani, Abbas E. Kitabchi, K. Stoessel, B. Petty, Jamie R. Wood, J. Seegmiller, T. Strand, Y. Li, Eva L. Feldman, Larry Rand, Robert C. Colligan, T. Smith, A. Carlson, David J. Brillon, Margaret L. Bayless, M. Ong, S. Darabian, W. Hsu, Janet E. Olson, B. Rogness, N. Silvers, M. Pfiefer, B. Schaefer, E. Mendelson, S. Braunstein, Maren Nowicki, R. Reed, James S. Floyd, Z. M. Zhang, T. Sandford, R. B. Avery, A. Pratt, Paolo S. Silva, H. Bode, Alexander J. Brucker, Nikhil D. Patel, Alexander R. Lyon, M. Jenner, N. Wimmergren, L. Tuason, J. Rosenzwieg, D. J. Becker, C. Gauthier-Kelly, M. Richardson, Richard S. Crow, Andrew D. Paterson, Mark E. Molitch, Suzanne M. Strowig, S. Pendegast, M. Burger, Ramzi K. Hemady, J. Dingledine, I. H. de Boer, L. Mayer, F. Perdikaris, Om P. Ganda, F. Thoma, Karen J. Cruickshanks, Abraham Thomas, K. Klumpp, Jerry D. Cavallerano, D. Zheng, Annette Barnie, J. L. Canady, C. Wigley, David G. Miller, Sheila Smith-Brewer, D. Ostrowski, P. Crawford, K. Kelly, Robert G. Devenyi, B. Zimmerman, Susan M. Hitt, C. Johnson, L. Gurry, R. Jarboe, E. Angus, David E. Goldstein, A. Killeen, H. Schrott, Orville G. Kolterman, Mark R. Burge, Michael Rubin, J. Lipps Hagan, Alicia J. Jenkins, Hugh D. Wabers, R. Warhol, Edward Chaum, Karen L. Jones, L. Spillers, C. Miao, J. K. Jones, Angelo J. Canty, Rickey E. Carter, Evrim B. Turkbey, B. Burzuk, R. Woodwick, Evica Simjanoski, Michael W. Steffes, S. Crowell, Suresh D. Shah, H. Ricks, J. D. Carey, Paul A. Edwards, S. Holt, W. F. Schwenk, Ronald J. Oudiz, E. Brown, J. Heier, R. L. Ufret-Vincenty, L. M. Aiello, Robert A. Rizza, Karen L. Anderson, Valerie L. Arends, J. Giangiacomo, R. Liss, Aruna V. Sarma, B. Levy, Ellen J. Anderson, S. Catton, P. Callahan, Rodica Pop-Busui, S. Debrabandere, S. Moser, Bernard H. Doft, A. Malayeri, C. Johannes, R. Ramker, J. Rich, M. Fox, Rukhsana G. Mirza, Katherine A. Morgan, Thomas J. Songer, C. Shah, H. Engel, Saul M. Genuth, S. Ferguson, Anushka Patel, C. Haggan, P. Lou, J. Gordon, M. B. Murphy, D. Sandstrom, Dawn M. Ryan, Daniel H. O'Leary, B. Gloeb, Lois E. Schmidt, H. Zegarra, D. Dalton, W. Brown, Tom G. Sheidow, Margaret E. Stockman, Shyam M. Thomas, Charles McKitrick, Jyotika K. Fernandes, P. A. Bourne, L. Baker, G. Friedenberg, Allan Gordon, Allan L. Drash, S. Yoser, D. Wood, S. Johnsonbaugh, A. De Manbey, L. Kaminski, M. May, L. Bestourous, A. Kowarski, M. Geckle, M. Hartmuller, Michael Bryer-Ash, S. List, F. Goetz, V. Reppucci, D. Etzwiler, Rose A. Gubitosi-Klug, M. Brabham, E. Golden, A. Nayate, J. Hu, M. McLellan, Ronald Klein, N. Rude, B. Vittetoe, John M. Lachin, M. Christofi, Zhuo Chen, Isaac Boniuk, C. Strauch, K. Gunyou, L. Delahanty, W. T. Garvey, Andrew P. Boright, Larry D. Hubbard, D. Weiss, Igor Grant, Jonathan Q. Purnell, Jean M. Bucksa, N. Olson, and B. Zinman

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Diabetic neuropathy, Adolescent, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Gastroenterology, Nephropathy, Epigenesis, Genetic, Diabetic complications, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Diabetic Neuropathies, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Albumins, Genetics, Medicine, Humans, Molecular Biology, Genetics (clinical), Whole blood, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Type 1 diabetes, business.industry, Research, dNaM, DNA methylation age, DNA Methylation, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Blood pressure, Peripheral neuropathy, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, CpG Islands, Female, business, Developmental Biology, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Background Many CpGs become hyper or hypo-methylated with age. Multiple methods have been developed by Horvath et al. to estimate DNA methylation (DNAm) age including Pan-tissue, Skin & Blood, PhenoAge, and GrimAge. Pan-tissue and Skin & Blood try to estimate chronological age in the normal population whereas PhenoAge and GrimAge use surrogate markers associated with mortality to estimate biological age and its departure from chronological age. Here, we applied Horvath’s four methods to calculate and compare DNAm age in 499 subjects with type 1 diabetes (T1D) from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) study using DNAm data measured by Illumina EPIC array in the whole blood. Association of the four DNAm ages with development of diabetic complications including cardiovascular diseases (CVD), nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy, and their risk factors were investigated. Results Pan-tissue and GrimAge were higher whereas Skin & Blood and PhenoAge were lower than chronological age (p < 0.0001). DNAm age was not associated with the risk of CVD or retinopathy over 18–20 years after DNAm measurement. However, higher PhenoAge (β = 0.023, p = 0.007) and GrimAge (β = 0.029, p = 0.002) were associated with higher albumin excretion rate (AER), an indicator of diabetic renal disease, measured over time. GrimAge was also associated with development of both diabetic peripheral neuropathy (OR = 1.07, p = 9.24E−3) and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (OR = 1.06, p = 0.011). Both HbA1c (β = 0.38, p = 0.026) and T1D duration (β = 0.01, p = 0.043) were associated with higher PhenoAge. Employment (β = − 1.99, p = 0.045) and leisure time (β = − 0.81, p = 0.022) physical activity were associated with lower Pan-tissue and Skin & Blood, respectively. BMI (β = 0.09, p = 0.048) and current smoking (β = 7.13, p = 9.03E−50) were positively associated with Skin & Blood and GrimAge, respectively. Blood pressure, lipid levels, pulse rate, and alcohol consumption were not associated with DNAm age regardless of the method used. Conclusions Various methods of measuring DNAm age are sub-optimal in detecting people at higher risk of developing diabetic complications although some work better than the others.

Published
2020

7. A Randomized Controlled Multicenter US Food and Drug Administration Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of the Minerva Endometrial Ablation System: One-Year Follow-Up Results

Author

Monte Swarup, Claude Fortin, Royce T. Adkins, J. Presthus, Delbert Alan Johns, José Gerardo Garza-Leal, John Thiel, Philippe Y. Laberge, RJ Gimpelson, Nicholas Leyland, Cindy M. Basinski, Pamela E Burnett, Gene F Ray, M. Harris, and David Grainger

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Rollerball, Hysteroscopy, law.invention, HMB, Food and drug administration, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Patient satisfaction, Randomized controlled trial, law, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Adverse effect, Endometrial ablation, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Heavy menstrual bleeding, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ablation, Minerva endometrial ablation system, Surgery, Amenorrhea, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Study Objective To assess the safety and effectiveness of the Minerva Endometrial Ablation System for the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding in premenopausal women. Design Multicenter, randomized, controlled, international study (Canadian Task Force classification I). Setting Thirteen academic and private medical centers. Patients Premenopausal women (n = 153) suffering from heavy menstrual bleeding (PALM-COEIN: E, O). Intervention Patients were treated using the Minerva Endometrial Ablation System or rollerball ablation. Measurements and Main Results At 1-year post-treatment, study success (alkaline hematin ≤80 mL) was observed in 93.1% of Minerva subjects and 80.4% of rollerball subjects with amenorrhea reported by 71.6% and 49% of subjects, respectively. The mean procedure times were 3.1 minutes for Minerva and 17.2 minutes for rollerball. There were no intraoperative adverse events and/or complications reported. Conclusion The results of this multicenter randomized controlled trial demonstrate that at the 12-month follow-up, the Minerva procedure produces statistically significantly higher rates of success, amenorrhea, and patient satisfaction as well as a shorter procedure time when compared with the historic criterion standard of rollerball ablation. Safety results were excellent and similar for both procedures.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Risk in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Insights From the DCCT/EDIC Study

Author

W.H. Wilson Tang, Paula McGee, John M. Lachin, Daniel Y. Li, Byron Hoogwerf, Stanley L. Hazen, D.M. Nathan, B. Zinman, O. Crofford, S. Genuth, J. Brown‐Friday, J. Crandall, H. Engel, S. Engel, H. Martinez, M. Phillips, M. Reid, H. Shamoon, J. Sheindlin, R. Gubitosi‐Klug, L. Mayer, S. Pendegast, H. Zegarra, D. Miller, L. Singerman, S. Smith‐Brewer, M. Novak, J. Quin, Saul Genuth, M. Palmert, E. Brown, J. McConnell, P. Pugsley, P. Crawford, W. Dahms, N.S. Gregory, M.E. Lackaye, S. Kiss, R. Chan, A. Orlin, M. Rubin, D. Brillon, V. Reppucci, T. Lee, M. Heinemann, S. Chang, B. Levy, L. Jovanovic, M. Richardson, B. Bosco, A. Dwoskin, R. Hanna, S. Barron, R. Campbell, A. Bhan, D. Kruger, J.K. Jones, P.A. Edwards, J.D. Carey, E. Angus, A. Thomas, A. Galprin, M. McLellan, F. Whitehouse, R. Bergenstal, M. Johnson, K. Gunyou, L. Thomas, J. Laechelt, P. Hollander, M. Spencer, D. Kendall, R. Cuddihy, P. Callahan, S. List, J. Gott, N. Rude, B. Olson, M. Franz, G. Castle, R. Birk, J. Nelson, D. Freking, L. Gill, W. Mestrezat, D. Etzwiler, K. Morgan, L.P. Aiello, E. Golden, P. Arrigg, V. Asuquo, R. Beaser, L. Bestourous, J. Cavallerano, R. Cavicchi, O. Ganda, O. Hamdy, R. Kirby, T. Murtha, D Schlossman, S. Shah, G. Sharuk, P. Silva, P. Silver, M. Stockman, J. Sun, E. Weimann, H. Wolpert, L.M. Aiello, A. Jacobson, L. Rand, J. Rosenzwieg, M.E. Larkin, M. Christofi, K. Folino, J. Godine, P. Lou, C. Stevens, E. Anderson, H. Bode, S. Brink, C. Cornish, D. Cros, L. Delahanty, eManbey, C. Haggan, J. Lynch, C. McKitrick, D. Norman, D. Moore, M. Ong, C. Taylor, D. Zimbler, S. Crowell, S. Fritz, K. Hansen, C. Gauthier‐Kelly, F.J. Service, G. Ziegler, A. Barkmeier, L. Schmidt, B. French, R. Woodwick, R. Rizza, W.F. Schwenk, M. Haymond, J. Pach, J. Mortenson, B. Zimmerman, A. Lucas, R. Colligan, L. Luttrell, M. Lopes‐Virella, S. Caulder, C. Pittman, N. Patel, K. Lee, M. Nutaitis, J. Fernandes, K. Hermayer, S. Kwon, A Blevins, J. Parker, J. Colwell, D. Lee, J. Soule, P. Lindsey, M. Bracey, A. Farr, S. Elsing, T. Thompson, J. Selby, T. Lyons, S. Yacoub‐Wasef, M. Szpiech, D. Wood, R. Mayfield, M. Molitch, D. Adelman, S. Colson, L. Jampol, A. Lyon, M. Gill, Z. Strugula, L. Kaminski, R. Mirza, E. Simjanoski, D. Ryan, C. Johnson, A. Wallia, S. Ajroud‐Driss, P. Astelford, N. Leloudes, A. Degillio, B. Schaefer, S. Mudaliar, G Lorenzi, M. Goldbaum, K. Jones, M. Prince, M. Swenson, I. Grant, R. Reed, R. Lyon, O. Kolterman, M. Giotta, T. Clark, G. Friedenberg, W.I. Sivitz, B. Vittetoe, J. Kramer, M. Bayless, R. Zeitler, H. Schrott, N. Olson, L. Snetselaar, R. Hoffman, J. MacIndoe, T. Weingeist, C. Fountain, R. Miller, S. Johnsonbaugh, M. Patronas, M. Carney, S. Mendley, P. Salemi, R. Liss, M. Hebdon, D. Counts, T. Donner, J. Gordon, R. Hemady, A. Kowarski, D. Ostrowski, S. Steidl, B. Jones, W.H. Herman, C.L. Martin, R. Pop‐Busui, D.A. Greene, M.J. Stevens, N. Burkhart, T. Sandford, J. Floyd, J. Bantle, N. Flaherty, J. Terry, D. Koozekanani, S. Montezuma, N. Wimmergren, B. Rogness, M. Mech, T. Strand, J. Olson, L. McKenzie, C. Kwong, F. Goetz, R. Warhol, D. Hainsworth, D. Goldstein, S. Hitt, J. Giangiacomo, D.S Schade, J.L. Canady, M.R. Burge, A. Das, R.B. Avery, L.H. Ketai, J.E. Chapin, M.L. Schluter, J. Rich, C. Johannes, D. Hornbeck, M. Schutta, P.A. Bourne, A. Brucker, S. Braunstein, S. Schwartz, B.J. Maschak‐Carey, L. Baker, T. Orchard, L. Cimino, T. Songer, B. Doft, S. Olson, D. Becker, D. Rubinstein, R.L. Bergren, J. Fruit, R. Hyre, C. Palmer, N. Silvers, L. Lobes, P. Paczan Rath, P.W. Conrad, S. Yalamanchi, J. Wesche, M. Bratkowksi, S. Arslanian, J. Rinkoff, J. Warnicki, D. Curtin, D. Steinberg, G. Vagstad, R. Harris, L. Steranchak, J. Arch, K. Kelly, P. Ostrosaka, M. Guiliani, M. Good, T. Williams, K. Olsen, A. Campbell, C. Shipe, R. Conwit, D. Finegold, M. Zaucha, A. Drash, A. Morrison, J.I. Malone, M.L. Bernal, P.R. Pavan, N. Grove, E.A. Tanaka, D. McMillan, J. Vaccaro‐Kish, L. Babbione, H. Solc, T.J. DeClue, S. Dagogo‐Jack, C. Wigley, H. Ricks, A. Kitabchi, E. Chaum, M.B. Murphy, S. Moser, D. Meyer, A. Iannacone, S. Yoser, M. Bryer‐Ash, S. Schussler, H. Lambeth, P. Raskin, S. Strowig, M. Basco, S. Cercone, A. Barnie, R. Devenyi, M. Mandelcorn, M. Brent, S. Rogers, A. Gordon, N. Bakshi, B. Perkins, L. Tuason, F. Perdikaris, R. Ehrlich, D. Daneman, K. Perlman, S Ferguson, J. Palmer, R. Fahlstrom, I.H. de Boer, J. Kinyoun, L. Van Ottingham, S. Catton, J. Ginsberg, C. McDonald, J. Harth, M. Driscoll, T. Sheidow, J. Mahon, C. Canny, D. Nicolle, P. Colby, J. Dupre, I. Hramiak, N.W. Rodger, M. Jenner, T. Smith, W. Brown, M. May, J. Lipps Hagan, A. Agarwal, T. Adkins, R. Lorenz, S. Feman, L. Survant, N.H. White, L. Levandoski, G. Grand, M. Thomas, D. Joseph, K. Blinder, G. Shah, D. Burgess, I. Boniuk, J. Santiago, W. Tamborlane, P. Gatcomb, K. Stoessel, P. Ramos, K. Fong, P. Ossorio, J. Ahern, L. Meadema‐Mayer, C. Beck, K. Farrell, J Quin, P. Gaston, R. Trail, J. Lachin, J. Backlund, I. Bebu, B. Braffett, L. Diminick, X. Gao, W. Hsu, K. Klumpp, H. Pan, V. Trapani, P. Cleary, P. McGee, W. Sun, S. Villavicencio, K. Anderson, L. Dews, Naji Younes, B. Rutledge, K. Chan, D. Rosenberg, B. Petty, A. Determan, D. Kenny, C. Williams, C. Cowie, C. Siebert, M. Steffes, V. Arends, J. Bucksa, M. Nowicki, B. Chavers, D. O'Leary, J. Polak, A. Harrington, L. Funk, R Crow, B. Gloeb, S. Thomas, C. O'Donnell, E.Z. Soliman, Z.M. Zhang, Y. Li, C. Campbell, L. Keasler, S. Hensley, J. Hu, M. Barr, T. Taylor, R. Prineas, E.L. Feldman, J.W. Albers, P. Low, C. Sommer, K. Nickander, T. Speigelberg, M. Pfiefer, M. Schumer, M. Moran, J. Farquhar, C. Ryan, D. Sandstrom, M. Geckle, E. Cupelli, F. Thoma, B. Burzuk, T. Woodfill, R. Danis, B. Blodi, D. Lawrence, H. Wabers, S. Gangaputra, S. Neill, M. Burger, J. Dingledine, V. Gama, R. Sussman, M. Davis, L. Hubbard, M. Budoff, S. Darabian, P. Rezaeian, N. Wong, M. Fox, R. Oudiz, L Kim, R. Detrano, K. Cruickshanks, D. Dalton, K. Bainbridge, J. Lima, D. Bluemke, E. Turkbey, der Geest, C. Liu, A. Malayeri, A. Jain, C. Miao, H. Chahal, R. Jarboe, V. Monnier, D. Sell, C. Strauch, S. Hazen, A. Pratt, W. Tang, J. Brunzell, J. Purnell, R. Natarajan, F. Miao, L. Zhang, Z. Chen, A. Paterson, A. Boright, S. Bull, L. Sun, S. Scherer, T.J. Lyons, A. Jenkins, R. Klein, G. Virella, A. Jaffa, R. Carter, J. Stoner, W.T. Garvey, D. Lackland, M. Brabham, D. McGee, D. Zheng, R.K. Mayfield, J. Maynard, H. Wessells, A Sarma, R. Dunn, S. Holt, J. Hotaling, C. Kim, Q. Clemens, J. Brown, and K. McVary

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system diseases, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Lower risk, medicine.disease_cause, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, Coronary Heart Disease, Glycemic, Original Research, free radical, Inflammation, Type 1 diabetes, biology, business.industry, Paraoxonase, medicine.disease, paraoxonase, 3. Good health, RC666-701, Cohort, diabetes mellitus, biology.protein, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Oxidant Stress, Oxidative stress, F2Isoprostane, Biomarkers
Abstract

Background Hyperglycemia leading to increased oxidative stress is implicated in the increased risk for the development of macrovascular and microvascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods and Results A random subcohort of 349 participants was selected from the DCCT / EDIC (Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications) cohort. This included 320 controls and 29 cardiovascular disease cases that were augmented with 98 additional known cases to yield a case cohort of 447 participants (320 controls, 127 cases). Biosamples from DCCT baseline, year 1, and closeout of DCCT , and 1 to 2 years post‐ DCCT ( EDIC years 1 and 2) were measured for markers of oxidative stress, including plasma myeloperoxidase, paraoxonase activity, urinary F 2α isoprostanes, and its metabolite, 2,3 dinor‐8 iso prostaglandin F 2α . Following adjustment for glycated hemoblobin and weighting the observations inversely proportional to the sampling selection probabilities, higher paraoxonase activity, reflective of antioxidant activity, and 2,3 dinor‐8 iso prostaglandin F 2α , an oxidative marker, were significantly associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease (−4.5% risk for 10% higher paraoxonase, P iso prostaglandin F 2α , P =0.0092). In contrast, the oxidative markers myeloperoxidase and F 2α isoprostanes were not significantly associated with cardiovascular disease after adjustment for glycated hemoblobin. There were no significant differences between DCCT intensive and conventional treatment groups in the change in all biomarkers across time segments. Conclusions Heightened antioxidant activity (rather than diminished oxidative stress markers) is associated with lower cardiovascular disease risk in type 1 diabetes mellitus, but these biomarkers did not change over time with intensification of glycemic control. Clinical Trial Registration URL : https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifiers: NCT 00360815 and NCT 00360893.

Published
2018

9. A solvable model of Vlasov-kinetic plasma turbulence in Fourier-Hermite phase space

Author

Alexander Schekochihin and T. Adkins

Subjects
Physics, Hermite polynomials, Turbulence, Kolmogorov microscales, FOS: Physical sciences, Dissipation, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Physics - Plasma Physics, Space Physics (physics.space-ph), 010305 fluids & plasmas, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), symbols.namesake, Amplitude, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics - Space Physics, Quantum electrodynamics, Phase space, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Computer Science::Programming Languages, Landau damping, 010306 general physics, Energy source, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract

A class of simple kinetic systems is considered, described by the 1D Vlasov-Landau equation with Poisson or Boltzmann electrostatic response and an energy source. Assuming a stochastic electric field, a solvable model is constructed for the phase-space turbulence of the particle distribution. The model is a kinetic analog of the Kraichnan-Batchelor model of chaotic advection. The solution of the model is found in Fourier-Hermite space and shows that the free-energy flux from low to high Hermite moments is suppressed, with phase mixing cancelled on average by anti-phase-mixing (stochastic plasma echo). This implies that Landau damping is an ineffective route to dissipation (i.e., to thermalisation of electric energy via velocity space). The full Fourier-Hermite spectrum is derived. Its asymptotics are $m^{-3/2}$ at low wave numbers and high Hermite moments ($m$) and $m^{-1/2}k^{-2}$ at low Hermite moments and high wave numbers ($k$). These conclusions hold at wave numbers below a certain cut off (analog of Kolmogorov scale), which increases with the amplitude of the stochastic electric field and scales as inverse square of the collision rate. The energy distribution and flows in phase space are a simple and, therefore, useful example of competition between phase mixing and nonlinear dynamics in kinetic turbulence, reminiscent of more realistic but more complicated multi-dimensional systems that have not so far been amenable to complete analytical solution., Comment: 35 pages, minor edits, final version accepted by JPP

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Quality Control Measures over 30 Years in a Multicenter Clinical Study: Results from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial / Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Study

Author

M. Bracey, B. French, Brandy N. Rutledge, Sharon B. Schwartz, D. Steinberg, Peter R. Pavan, Xiaoyu Gao, Alan M. Jacobson, David A. Nicolle, C. Canny, Maria F. Lopes-Virella, A. Kitabchi, K. Hansen, M. E. Lackaye, Denis Daneman, Kandace A. Klumpp, David A. Lee, H. Engel, L. Survant, C. Haggan, K. Lee, G. Ziegler, Dawn M. Ryan, Lloyd Paul Aiello, Tom G. Sheidow, Allan Gordon, Allan L. Drash, S. Johnsonbaugh, L. Kaminski, S. Yoser, David J. Brillon, Osama Hamdy, Connie Fountain, N. Silvers, Kusiel Perlman, S. Caulder, M. Szpiech, D. Freking, Paula McGee, George S. Sharuk, D. Counts, H. Solc, David E. Goldstein, L. Bestourous, W. F. Schwenk, E. Brown, S. Cercone, M. Patronas, James L. Kinyoun, G. Castle, Mark H. Schutta, M. L. Schluter, Anton Orlin, E. Chaum, Daniel P. Joseph, F. Goetz, V. Reppucci, D. Etzwiler, E. Golden, A. Iannacone, R. Kirby, Lucy A. Levandoski, Lawrence J. Singerman, P. Salemi, A. Morrison, G. Vagstad, J. Laechelt, Pamela Ossorio, Tae Sup Lee, R. Cuddihy, S. Hitt, Fred W. Whitehouse, Michael H. Brent, Gayle M. Lorenzi, Anthony D. Morrison, B. Zinman, Szilard Kiss, D. Norman, N. Olson, Thomas Donner, John Dupre, M. Swenson, M. Spencer, Jerry P. Palmer, Scott M. Steidl, M. Franz, R. Beaser, H. Martinez, Samuel S. Engel, L. Diminick, J. Mortenson, David S. Schade, S. Yacoub-Wasef, Misty Good, John E. Chapin, Paolo S. Silva, J. Ginsberg, A. Dwoskin, John P. Bantle, J. D. Carey, D. McMillan, R. G. Campbell, Lisa Diminick, C. Cornish, Ramzi K. Hemady, P. Hollander, A. Farr, D. Zimbler, M. Mech, A. Lucas, Jye-Yu C. Backlund, K. Chan, Timothy J. Murtha, V. Asuquo, A. Bhan, A. Galprin, F. Perdikaris, Michael D. Larsen, L. Gill, Pamela A. Silver, S. Brink, Louis M. Luttrell, Sheila Smith-Brewer, D. Ostrowski, M. Bratkowksi, P. Crawford, M. Bryer-Ash, E. Angus, S. Braunstein, John I. Malone, R. Conwit, C. Pittman, Louis A. Lobes, Rodney A. Lorenz, J. Rosenzwieg, Neil H. White, William I. Sivitz, D. J. Becker, Stephen S. Feman, M. Zaucha, M. Reid, M. Jenner, L. Tuason, C. Gauthier-Kelly, C. McDonald, William H. Herman, John Kramer, Jeffrey L. Mahon, A. Campbell, J. L. Canady, A. Degillio, T. Adkins, P. W. Conrad, Senda Ajroud-Driss, L. Dews, Stephan Villavicencio, David G. Miller, Manjot K. Gill, D. Curtin, J. Brown-Friday, M. Basco, Elsayed Z. Soliman, J. Selby, Bradley D. Jones, M. Hebdon, B. Olson, John M. Pach, N. W. Rodger, K. Stoessel, N. Leloudes, J. Floyd, H. Lambeth, G. Lorenzi, Richard M. Hoffman, S. Chang, M. Guiliani, H. Zegarra, N. Bakshi, Dean P. Hainsworth, Murk-Hein Heinemann, S. Dagogo-Jack, Wanjie Sun, J. Warnicki, Dean B. Burgess, D. Kenny, L. McKenzie, B. Rogness, Martin J. Stevens, M. Nutaitis, William V. Tamborlane, L. Schmidt, Deborah K. Schlossman, J. Giangiacomo, C. Williams, R. Liss, Barbara J. Maschak-Carey, Barbara H. Braffett, Stefan Fritz, J. MacIndoe, Tom Clark, M. Novak, Michael H. Goldbaum, A. DeManbey, J. Ahern, L. Jovanovic, D. Finegold, Davida F. Kruger, Mary E. Larkin, M. Johnson, S. Shah, M. Ong, Catherine L. Martin, M. Giotta, R. Reed, B. Levy, Evica Simjanoski, L. Cimino, P. Callahan, S. Crowell, Rodica Pop-Busui, Howard Wolpert, Bernard H. Doft, J. Arch, C. Shipe, Mark R. Palmert, Philip Raskin, B. Schaefer, P. Astelford, Dara D. Koozekanani, R. B. Avery, Michael W. Steffes, Robert A. Rizza, Karen L. Anderson, Charles McKitrick, P. A. Bourne, L. Baker, G. Friedenberg, D. Wood, J. Wesche, M. Phillips, Gaurav K. Shah, John M. Lachin, M. Christofi, Kevin J. Blinder, R. Ehrlich, J. Rinkoff, Morey W. Haymond, Irene Hramiak, Z. Strugula, A. Blevins, R. Hyre, M. Richardson, Mark E. Molitch, I. H. de Boer, Annette Barnie, Mark R. Burge, M. Prince, P. Ramos, R. Chan, R. Hanna, Jong Mu Sun, Suzanne M. Strowig, C. Wigley, Om P. Ganda, R. Harris, Abraham Thomas, K. Klumpp, K. Kelly, David D. Moore, J. Sheindlin, T. J. Declue, Cormac T. Taylor, C. Kwong, Rose Gubitosi-Klug, T. Sandford, Isaac Boniuk, B. Zimmerman, R. Zeitler, S. Rogers, Joseph M. Terry, C. Johnson, Linda Snetselaar, Naji Younes, Ionut Bebu, N. Wimmergren, Rukhsana G. Mirza, K. Gunyou, Karl R. Olsen, H. Bode, J. Fruit, Michael Rubin, G. Grand, Trevor J. Orchard, Douglas A. Greene, J. Quin, R. Birk, W. Mestrezat, P. Pugsley, Anupam Agarwal, L. Mayer, C. Palmer, Timothy J. Lyons, C. Johannes, A. Determan, L. Van Ottingham, J. Gott, Jerry D. Cavallerano, D. Cros, J. Parker, M. May, Robert Bergren, A. Kowarski, L. Delahanty, Katherine A. Morgan, E. A. Tanaka, Robert W. Cavicchi, Thomas J. Songer, Robert G. Devenyi, J. Harth, Jill P. Crandall, T. Thompson, Lee M. Jampol, H. Schrott, Paul G. Arrigg, Orville G. Kolterman, R. Warhol, L. Thomas, S. Kwon, Jane L. Lynch, Arup Das, Theresa M. Williams, Thomas A. Weingeist, Patricia A. Cleary, Matthew A. Thomas, L. Babbione, Amisha Wallia, J. Lipps Hagan, D. Meyer, D. Rubinstein, P. Lindsey, Mark S. Mandelcorn, R. Fahlstrom, John E. Godine, Kathie L. Hermayer, B. Bosco, J. Rich, K. Folino, M. L. Bernal, S. Yalamanchi, S. Barron, J. McConnell, J. K. Jones, J. Vaccaro-Kish, R. Woodwick, P. Colby, Kelvin C. Fong, Ronald K. Mayfield, L. H. Ketai, Julio V. Santiago, M. B. Murphy, S. Schussler, N. Grove, Larry Rand, Robert C. Colligan, Ronald P. Danis, Valerie L. Arends, S. Ferguson, B. Petty, Christine Stevens, P. Ostrosaka, Margaret L. Bayless, S. Moser, Paul A. Edwards, R. Lyon, M. Carney, Katrina Jones, T. Strand, W. Hsu, Alexander J. Brucker, H. Shamoon, Alice T. Lyon, T. Smith, David M. Nathan, P. Lou, Bruce A. Perkins, Janet E. Olson, D. Rosenberg, H. Ricks, J. Gordon, D. Hornbeck, Nikhil D. Patel, Shelly Olson, Ellen J. Anderson, William Dahms, P. Paczan Rath, S. Elsing, L. Steranchak, L. M. Aiello, Saul Genuth, S. Catton, Sandra R. Montezuma, S. Pendegast, Richard M. Bergenstal, Patricia Gatcomb, Igor Grant, B. Braffett, W. Brown, Margaret E. Stockman, N. Burkhart, David M. Kendall, Jyotika K. Fernandes, S. List, J. Soule, Julie A. Nelson, John A. Colwell, M. McLellan, Silva A. Arslanian, N. Rude, B. Vittetoe, M. Driscoll, and E. Weimann

Subjects
Adult, Male, 030213 general clinical medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Quality Assurance, Health Care, Psychological intervention, lcsh:Medicine, law.invention, Diabetes Complications, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Health care, medicine, Humans, Medical physics, lcsh:Science, Multidisciplinary, Data collection, business.industry, lcsh:R, Quality control, 3. Good health, Surgery, Data quality, Cohort, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Female, lcsh:Q, business, Quality assurance, Follow-Up Studies, Research Article
Abstract

Implementation of multicenter and/or longitudinal studies requires an effective quality assurance program to identify trends, data inconsistencies and process variability of results over time. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) and the follow-up Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study represent over 30 years of data collection among a cohort of participants across 27 clinical centers. The quality assurance plan is overseen by the Data Coordinating Center and is implemented across the clinical centers and central reading units. Each central unit incorporates specific DCCT/EDIC quality monitoring activities into their routine quality assurance plan. The results are reviewed by a data quality assurance committee whose function is to identify variances in quality that may impact study results from the central units as well as within and across clinical centers, and to recommend implementation of corrective procedures when necessary. Over the 30-year period, changes to the methods, equipment, or clinical procedures have been required to keep procedures current and ensure continued collection of scientifically valid and clinically relevant results. Pilot testing to compare historic processes with contemporary alternatives is performed and comparability is validated prior to incorporation of new procedures into the study. Details of the quality assurance plan across and within the clinical and central reading units are described, and quality outcomes for core measures analyzed by the central reading units (e.g. biochemical samples, fundus photographs, ECGs) are presented.

Published
2015

11. Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis of Myopia and Hyperopia Provides Evidence for Replication of 11 Loci

Author

Mario Pirastu, G. E. Munn, L. H. Ketai, K. Taylor, Angela Döring, R. Chan, Jeffrey L. Mahon, Bradley D. Jones, M. Hebdon, Williams L. Dews, Douglas A. Greene, Michael D. Weiss, Sapna Gangaputra, E. A. Tanaka, J. Ginsberg, Ben A. Oostra, Alka Jain, D. Singer, M. Burger, Szilard Kiss, David A. Bluemke, Barbara H. Braffett, Jugnoo S Rahi, L. Sun, C. Clark, Richard M. Bergenstal, Patricia Gatcomb, Paul Mitchell, R. Trail, D. Ryan, Robert Bergren, D. D. Joseph, G. Grand, Blanche M. Chavers, J. M.Verhoeven Virginie, David S. Schade, C. Cowie, Sharon B. Schwartz, G. Ziegler, Lloyd Paul Aiello, Michael H. Brent, John I. Malone, C. Pittman, M. Reid, Stephen S. Feman, Maurizio Fossarello, Kathie L. Hermayer, J. Parker, M. N. Iyer, Hamid Mojibian, Rose Gubitosi-Klug, P. W. Conrad, Daniel T. Lackland, Michael Brändle, C. Canny, Alan F. Wright, M. E. Lackaye, David A. Lee, Rickey E. Carter, J. Brown-Friday, J. K. Jones, J. Distad, A. Thomas, Gordon C. Weir, S. Caulder, M. Szpiech, R. Gstalder, D. Rubinstein, Fred W. Whitehouse, T. Adkins, Gayle M. Lorenzi, L. Survant, Naji Younes, Robert Detrano, Lucy A. Levandoski, Charles Campbell, Lawrence J. Singerman, Johannes R. Vingerling, Joao A.C. Lima, D. Counts, V. Gama, D. M. Nathan, John Dupre, Cornelia M. van Duijn, N. Wong, Anita Harrington, Caroline Hayward, Shelley B. Bull, R. Hackel, William I. Sivitz, Enrico Cagliero, M. Spencer, Albert Hofman, Samuel S. Engel, John E. Hokanson, Julio V. Santiago, David M. Kendall, O. Crofford, T. Thompson, Lee M. Jampol, Kevin Morgan, R. Sussman, James W. Albers, Anita Agarwal, Kevin J. Blinder, Anthony D. Morrison, Nikhil D. Patel, R. Prusak, S. Hitt, Alexander R. Lyon, Saul Genuth, J. Sheindlin, J. Vaccaro-Kish, Goran Benčić, P. Titus, Lisa Diminick, N. Wimmergren, Shelly Olson, Z. Strugula, L. Goings, Lennart C. Karssen, A. Blevins, Harjit Chahal, Ronald K. Mayfield, S. Pendegast, T. J. Lyons, Ozren Polasek, Matthew A. Thomas, Annette Barnie, P. Lindsey, L. Funk, James L. Kinyoun, Neil H. White, L. Mayer, Rodney A. Lorenz, Susan G. Elner, R. L. Pate, E. Simjanoski, R. Beaser, J. Gothrup, Tien Yin Wong, Thomas Bettecken, Jae-Ho Lee, Elsayed Z. Soliman, Ronald P. Danis, Phillippa M. Cumberland, J. Selby, Pamela Rath, H. Martinez, S. Neill, D. Rosenberg, D. Zheng, R. Devenyi, Murk-Hein Heinemann, Albert V. Smith, Alicia J. Jenkins, Rukhsana G. Mirza, Konrad Oexle, Osama Hamdy, John D. Brunzell, Trevor J. Orchard, Daniel Cornfeld, K. Nickander, Igor Rudan, L. Kim, T. Williams, Christopher M. Ryan, William Dahms, P. Paczan Rath, S. Elsing, Matthew J. Budoff, Orville G. Kolterman, Seang-Mei Saw, Lisa A. Prosser, A. Determan, M. Espeland, L. Van Ottingham, B. Petty, A. Farr, Brandy N. Rutledge, Patricia A. Cleary, Margaret L. Bayless, E. Cupelli, Ronald J. Prineas, Jonathan Goldstein, Stefan Fritz, J. Harth, K. Stoessel, Jerry P. Palmer, J. Soule, John A. Colwell, Stephen W. Scherer, Cyndi F. Liu, M. Phillips, Alexander J. Brucker, B. Rogness, Caroline C W Klaver, Joan E. Bailey-Wilson, Claire L. Simpson, Gaurav K. Shah, Louis A. Lobes, S. Mohsen Hosseini, Veronique Vitart, Dwight Stambolian, Mark S. Mandelcorn, John E. Godine, Gabriel Virella, A. Cochrane, David A. Nicolle, Timothy J. Lyons, S. Schussler, Abbas E. Kitabchi, N. Grove, Matthew D. Davis, Andrew K. Vine, Joseph F. Polak, Helen Lambeth, Ayad A. Jaffa, S. Rogers, Samuel Dagogo-Jack, C. Siebert, K. Hansen, H. Shamoon, David J. Brillon, D. Schlossman, H. Ricks, Toby A. Gardner, Mary Frances Cotch, J. Quin, Om P. Ganda, Fernando Rivadeneira, F. Thoma, Brian Fleck, K. Klumpp, Manjot K. Gill, R. J. van der Geest, Hunter Wessells, P. Salemi, P. Gaston, Tae Sup Lee, T. Woodfill, Scott M. Steidl, Thomas Meitinger, Laura Portas, John E. Chapin, Robert Wojciechowski, Martin J. Stevens, Z. M. Zhang, John D. Maynard, Paul G. Arrigg, S. Yacoub-Wasef, Andrew D. Paterson, Barbara J. Maschak-Carey, Ramzi K. Hemady, J. Dingledine, Sheila Smith-Brewer, D. Ostrowski, D. Kenny, Leslie J. Raffel, R. Jarboe, E. Angus, G. Sharuk, Jie Jin Wang, Jye-Yu C. Backlund, K. Chan, R. K. Mayfield, M. Nutaitis, William V. Tamborlane, Emily Y. Chew, Michael H. Goldbaum, S. Kwon, Davida F. Kruger, Mary E. Larkin, Catherine L. Martin, M. Novak, David E. Goldstein, J. Rosenzwieg, D. J. Becker, A. E. Boulton, Jean M. Bucksa, Richard S. Crow, Thomas Donner, Philip A. Low, J. Fradkin, K. Folino, M. L. Bernal, Daniel L. McGee, R. D′Agostino, David G. Miller, Evrim B. Turkbey, Eva L. Feldman, Larry Rand, Harry Campbell, Mark R. Palmert, N. Silvers, M. Driscoll, M. Bracey, Mark E. Molitch, Boniuk Burgess, John P. Bantle, J. D. Carey, Edward Chaum, Philip Raskin, I. H. de Boer, Peter R. Pavan, C. Wigley, Maria F. Lopes-Virella, Pirro G. Hysi, C. Sommer, R. Eastman, B. Schaefer, Maren Nowicki, K. Lee, S. Braunstein, Hugh D. Wabers, A. F. Burrows, M. Johnson, B. Zinman, M. Ong, Samir S. Deeb, C. Gauthier-Kelly, S. Novella, C. Miao, S. Strowig, S. Crowell, Teri A. Manolio, S. Yalamanchi, Christian Gieger, D. Meyer, Louis M. Luttrell, Janie Lipps, William H. Herman, Michael W. Steffes, A. Galprin, A. Iannacone, Federico Murgia, E. Steuer, KyungMann Kim, James F. Wilson, S. Genuth, André G. Uitterlinden, Dean P. Hainsworth, J. Giangiacomo, Wanjie Sun, Aruna V. Sarma, R. Liss, S. Catton, Rodica Pop-Busui, S. Moser, Bernard H. Doft, A. Malayeri, B. Gloeb, W. T. Garvey, Andrew P. Boright, Alan M. Jacobson, Larry D. Hubbard, Barbara E.K. Klein, Shyam M. Thomas, Allan Gordon, Allan L. Drash, S. Yoser, S. Johnsonbaugh, L. Kaminski, G. Meekins, Jonathan Q. Purnell, B. Burzuk, John M. Lachin, M. Geckle, Ronald J. Oudiz, Isaac Boniuk, Xiaohui Li, V. Reppucci, H. Wolpert, D. Etzwiler, M. Brabham, Maria Schache, E. Golden, M. Fox, Jyotika K. Fernandes, Jerome I. Rotter, Paul N. Baird, Michael Bryer-Ash, M. Stern, H. Engel, M. Hawkins, Najaf Amin, C. O′Donnell, M. McLellan, G. Comer, Ronald Klein, D. Sandstrom, H. Zegarra, J. Gordon, M. B. Murphy, P. A. Bourne, L. Baker, Cristina Venturini, D. Wood, H.-Erich Wichmann, M. May, A. Kowarski, Timothy W. Olsen, Thomas J. Songer, Christopher J Hammond, P. Lou, Jill P. Crandall, Miao, Xiaoping, Ophthalmology, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Epidemiology, Clinical Genetics, and Internal Medicine

Subjects
Male, Linkage disequilibrium, Refractive error, genetic structures, Epidemiology, Genome-wide association study, Plant Science, Eye, Linkage Disequilibrium, ASSOCIATION SCANS, MULTIPLE, Medicine and Health Sciences, Myopia, 80 and over, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Age of Onset, FAMILIAL AGGREGATION, Genetics, Aged, 80 and over, Multidisciplinary, AUSTRALIAN SCHOOL-CHILDREN, COMMON VARIANTS, Single Nucleotide, Middle Aged, RETINAL-PIGMENT EPITHELIUM, OUTDOOR ACTIVITY, Hyperopia, Phenotype, Genetic Epidemiology, Medicine, Female, Research Article, Genetic Markers, Adult, General Science & Technology, Science, DCCT/EDIC Research Group, European Continental Ancestry Group, Locus (genetics), Single-nucleotide polymorphism, and over, Biology, Disease Surveillance, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, White People, medicine, Genome-Wide Association Studies, Humans, Inherited Eye Disorders, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Allele, Polymorphism, Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision, Alleles, Genetic Association Studies, Aged, Whites, Human Genome, Biology and Life Sciences, Computational Biology, Human Genetics, Heritability, Plant Pathology, medicine.disease, Genome Analysis, GENE, eye diseases, Ophthalmology, REFRACTIVE ERROR, Genetics of Disease, LINKAGE-DISEQUILIBRIUM, Age of onset
Abstract

Refractive error (RE) is a complex, multifactorial disorder characterized by a mismatch between the optical power of the eye and its axial length that causes object images to be focused off the retina. The two major subtypes of RE are myopia (nearsightedness) and hyperopia (farsightedness), which represent opposite ends of the distribution of the quantitative measure of spherical refraction. We performed a fixed effects meta-analysis of genome-wide association results of myopia and hyperopia from 9 studies of European-derived populations: AREDS, KORA, FES, OGP-Talana, MESA, RSI, RSII, RSIII and ERF. One genome-wide significant region was observed for myopia, corresponding to a previously identified myopia locus on 8q12 (p = 1.25×10-8), which has been reported by Kiefer et al. as significantly associated with myopia age at onset and Verhoeven et al. as significantly associated to mean spherical-equivalent (MSE) refractive error. We observed two genome-wide significant associations with hyperopia. These regions overlapped with loci on 15q14 (minimum p value = 9.11×10-11) and 8q12 (minimum p value 1.82×10-11) previously reported for MSE and myopia age at onset. We also used an intermarker linkage- disequilibrium-based method for calculating the effective number of tests in targeted regional replication analyses. We analyzed myopia (which represents the closest phenotype in our data to the one used by Kiefer et al.) and showed replication of 10 additional loci associated with myopia previously reported by Kiefer et al. This is the first replication of these loci using myopia as the trait under analysis. "Replication-level" association was also seen between hyperopia and 12 of Kiefer et al.'s published loci. For the loci that show evidence of association to both myopia and hyperopia, the estimated effect of the risk alleles were in opposite directions for the two traits. This suggests that these loci are important contributors to variation of refractive error across the distribution.

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. Large Scale Structural Rearrangement of a Serine Hydrolase from Francisella tularensis Facilitates Catalysis*

Author

Chinessa T. Adkins, R. Jeremy Johnson, I. Dubrovska, Daniel P. Becker, Alexandra M. Gehring, James Winsor, George Minasov, Luke D. Lavis, Ekaterina V. Filippova, Brett Geissler, Leigh A. Weston, Ludmilla Shuvalova, Wayne F. Anderson, Nicola Armoush, Karla J. F. Satchell, and Misty L. Kuhn

Subjects
Protein family, Cell Membrane, Serine Endopeptidases, Serine hydrolase, Cell Biology, Biology, Ligand (biochemistry), biology.organism_classification, Biochemistry, Enzyme structure, Enzyme catalysis, Structure-Activity Relationship, Protein structure, Thioesterase, Bacterial Proteins, Structural Homology, Protein, Protein Structure and Folding, Mutagenesis, Site-Directed, Humans, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Thiolester Hydrolases, Francisella tularensis, Molecular Biology
Abstract

Tularemia is a deadly, febrile disease caused by infection by the Gram-negative bacterium, Francisella tularensis. Members of the ubiquitous serine hydrolase protein family are among current targets to treat diverse bacterial infections. Herein we present a structural and functional study of a novel bacterial carboxylesterase (FTT258) from F. tularensis, a homologue of human acyl protein thioesterase (hAPT1). The structure of FTT258 has been determined in multiple forms, and unexpectedly large conformational changes of a peripheral flexible loop occur in the presence of a mechanistic cyclobutanone ligand. The concomitant changes in this hydrophobic loop and the newly exposed hydrophobic substrate binding pocket suggest that the observed structural changes are essential to the biological function and catalytic activity of FTT258. Using diverse substrate libraries, site-directed mutagenesis, and liposome binding assays, we determined the importance of these structural changes to the catalytic activity and membrane binding activity of FTT258. Residues within the newly exposed hydrophobic binding pocket and within the peripheral flexible loop proved essential to the hydrolytic activity of FTT258, indicating that structural rearrangement is required for catalytic activity. Both FTT258 and hAPT1 also showed significant association with liposomes designed to mimic bacterial or human membranes, respectively, even though similar structural rearrangements for hAPT1 have not been reported. The necessity for acyl protein thioesterases to have maximal catalytic activity near the membrane surface suggests that these conformational changes in the protein may dually regulate catalytic activity and membrane association in bacterial and human homologues.

Published
2013

13. Prolonged effect of intensive therapy on the risk of retinopathy complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: 10 years after the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial

Author

Timothy W. Olsen, S. Hitt, Thomas J. Songer, Alan M. Jacobson, A. Burwood, R. Beaser, M. Szpiech, H. Martinez, Gayle M. Lorenzi, Anthony D. Morrison, C. Hannon, A. Farr, M. Hebdon, R. Colligan, T. Manolio, C. Wilson, Kathie L. Hermayer, John I. Malone, B. Burzuk, Kathy Glander, N. Silvers, B. Jones, A. Galpirn, M. Reid, David E. Goldstein, L. Sun, J. Giangiacom, P. Lou, Dean P. Hainsworth, Shalamar D. Sibley, Ronald J. Prineas, Louis A. Lobes, H. Wolpert, Mark E. Molitch, J. Sheindlin, Senda Ajroud-Driss, L. Dews, Kate Edwards, John M. Pach, Wanjie Sun, E. Cupelli, K. Stoessel, Samuel Dagogo-Jack, K. Harvey, J. Gordon, M. B. Murphy, John P. Bantle, J. D. Carey, Inger Burnett-Zeigler, Andrew M. Paterson, Henry Ferreyra, Manjot K. Gill, Barbara H. Waberski, B. Rogness, Fred W. Whitehouse, R. Ufret, Gordon C. Weir, Daniel H. O'Leary, S. Thomas, Barbara E. K. Klein, G. Ziegler, C. Wigley, L. Kastorff, C. Siebert, M. Palmert, C. Clark, J. Brown-Friday, S. Braunstein, Martin J. Stevens, M. Nutaitis, S. Catton, Samir S. Deeb, William V. Tamborlane, J. Alappatt, Robert Bergren, R. Eastman, Samuel S. Engel, K. Gehres, John M. Lachin, Davida F. Kruger, Jill P. Crandall, P. Geithman, Blanche M. Chavers, Stephen S. Feman, Mary E. Larkin, Thomas C. Lee, Catherine L. Martin, J. Parker, C. West, A. Gordon, Hugh D. Wabers, Sharon B. Schwartz, B. Zinman, M. Espeland, Neil H. White, M. N. Iyer, Rose Gubitosi-Klug, C. Canny, Robert Detrano, S. MacLean, Alice T. Lyon, M. E. Lackaye, Oscar B. Crofford, David A. Lee, M. Brent, Mark S. Mandelcorn, D. Badal, Lucy A. Levandoski, Barbara J. Maschak-Carey, John E. Godine, M. Hawkins, R. Gstalder, L. Survant, Charles Campbell, Matthew D. Davis, Anupam Agarwal, Lawrence J. Singerman, Brandy N. Rutledge, Anita Harrington, M. Novak, David A. Nicolle, P. Gaston, Isaac Boniuk, William H. Herman, S. Park, D. Counts, J. Quin, Nancy L. Robinson, Enrico Cagliero, T. Adkins, T. Woodfill, Scott M. Steidl, John Dupre, P. A. Bourne, L. Baker, D. Sandstrom, K. Miner, L. Mayer, S. Schussler, N. Grove, N. Wong, A. Iannacone, D. Wood, Lisa Diminick, D. Meyer, Barbara Esser, T. Thompson, David M. Nathan, A. Edwards, Lee M. Jampol, David S. Schade, M. Croswell, Joseph F. Polak, M. Spencer, Helen Lambeth, Paul G. Arrigg, Janie Lipps, H. Zegarra, Rodney A. Lorenz, Ayad A. Jaffa, James W. Albers, P. Astlesford, Thomas A. Weingeist, J. Vaccaro-Kish, Alicia J. Jenkins, Ronald K. Mayfield, M. May, A. Kowarski, Michael W. Steffes, W. T. Garvey, Saul Genuth, D. Zheng, Andrew P. Boright, J. Ginsberg, M. L. Bernal, Daniel L. McGee, Eva L. Feldman, Larry Rand, P. Low, J. Rosenzweig, L. Funk, Larry D. Hubbard, Orville G. Kolterman, D. Blackburn, E. Steuer, D. Rosenberg, Rodica Pop-Busui, S. Moser, John E. Hokanson, Julio V. Santiago, Daniel T. Lackland, James L. Kinyoun, Kevin J. Blinder, K. Taylor, D. Hornbeck, C. O'Donnell, Bernard H. Doft, Susan G. Elner, Dean B. Burgess, D. Kenny, Jeffrey M. Joyce, John D. Brunzell, O. Hamdy, Jerry P. Palmer, Jonathan Q. Purnell, R. Zeither, Douglas A. Greene, E. A. Tanaka, Yu-Guang He, Ramzi K. Hemady, Arup Das, Michael Bryer-Ash, Sheila Smith-Brewer, D. Ostrowski, M. Stern, C. Williams, Andrew K. Vine, M. McLellan, Ronald Klein, Annette Barnie, Michael H. Goldbaum, E. Angus, S. Scherer, R. D'Agostino, Philip Raskin, Santica M. Marcovina, B. Schaefer, A. F. Burrows, K. Morgan, David J. Brillon, H. Ricks, S. Strowig, R. Oudiz, S. Yacoub-Wasef, Jye-Yu C. Backlund, K. Chan, B. Gloeb, M. Johnson, Stephen R. Russell, D. J. Becker, Richard S. Crow, J. L. Canady, David G. Miller, O. Stone, Allan L. Drash, S. Yoser, S. Johnsonbaugh, Edward Chaum, L. Kaminski, M. Fox, J. Kramer, M. Bracey, H. Engel, Peter R. Pavan, Maria F. Lopes-Virella, C. Sommer, Daniel P. Joseph, M. Geckle, V. Reppucci, D. Etzwiler, M. Brabham, J. Fradkin, K. Lee, Jean M. Bucksa, E. Golden, Thomas Donner, Edwin M. Stone, Shelley B. Bull, William I. Sivitz, J. Selby, Pamela Rath, Murk-Hein Heinemann, L. Kim, T. Williams, D. Noller, D. Singer, J. Long, G. Grand, R. Devenyi, J. M. Schluter, B. Petty, Margaret L. Bayless, Alexander J. Brucker, S. Fritz, C. Cowie, Om P. Ganda, F. Thoma, K. Klumpp, Z. Strugula, Timothy J. Lyons, Patricia A. Cleary, A. Blevins, H. Shamoon, J. Soule, John A. Colwell, M. Phillips, Gaurav K. Shah, C. Hurtenbach, S. Rogers, Richard M. Bergenstal, Patricia Gatcomb, R. Trail, H. Culver Boldt, J. Bayless, Jonathan Shankle, David M. Kendall, Matthew A. Thomas, P. G. Sharuk, P. Lindsey, Ronald P. Danis, Christopher M. Ryan, William Dahms, P. Paczan Rath, S. Elsing, Gabriel Virella, Abbas E. Kitabchi, D. Moore, S. Pendegras, Trevor J. Orchard, K. Nickander, A. Determan, L. Van Ottingham, J. Harth, Michael W. Neider, and Shelly Olson

Subjects
Adult, Blood Glucose, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system diseases, Adolescent, Article, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Young Adult, Randomized controlled trial, law, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Prevalence, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Risk factor, Infusion Pumps, Glycated Hemoglobin, Type 1 diabetes, Diabetic Retinopathy, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Incidence, Fundus photography, Diabetic retinopathy, medicine.disease, Surgery, Ophthalmology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, chemistry, Disease Progression, Female, Glycated hemoglobin, business, Retinopathy, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

OBJECTIVE To examine the persistence of the original treatment effects 10 years after the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) in the follow-up Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study. In the DCCT, intensive therapy aimed at near-normal glycemia reduced the risk of microvascular complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus compared with conventional therapy. METHODS Retinopathy was evaluated by fundus photography in 1211 subjects at EDIC year 10. Further 3-step progression on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study scale from DCCT closeout was the primary outcome. RESULTS After 10 years of EDIC follow-up, there was no significant difference in mean glycated hemoglobin levels (8.07% vs 7.98%) between the original treatment groups. Nevertheless, compared with the former conventional treatment group, the former intensive group had significantly lower incidences from DCCT close of further retinopathy progression and proliferative retinopathy or worse (hazard reductions, 53%-56%; P < .001). The risk (hazard) reductions at 10 years of EDIC were attenuated compared with the 70% to 71% over the first 4 years of EDIC (P < .001). The persistent beneficial effects of former intensive therapy were largely explained by the difference in glycated hemoglobin levels during DCCT. CONCLUSION The persistent difference in diabetic retinopathy between former intensive and conventional therapy ("metabolic memory") continues for at least 10 years but may be waning. TRIAL REGISTRATION (clinicaltrials.gov) Identifiers: NCT00360815 and NCT00360893.

Published
2008

14. Controlled electrophoretic deposition of uniquely nanostructured star polymer films

Author

Eva Harth, Chinessa T. Adkins, Suseela Somarajan, Saad A. Hasan, and James H. Dickerson

Subjects
Materials science, Microstructure, Divinylbenzene, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Hexane, Electrophoretic deposition, chemistry.chemical_compound, Colloid, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Polymer chemistry, Electrode, Materials Chemistry, cardiovascular diseases, Polystyrene, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Thin film
Abstract

The controlled electrophoretic deposition of polystyrene/divinylbenzene (PS/DVB) star polymer films from a colloidal suspension is reported. Liquid suspensions, containing the PS/DVB star polymer, were prepared by injecting a dichloromethane (DCM) solution of the star polymer into a stratified liquid combination of hexane and DCM. A variety of hexane/DCM volume ratios were examined to identify the optimal solution conditions for electrophoretic deposition; thin films were produced from both unmixed and well-mixed hexane/DCM suspensions. Unmixed suspensions yielded spatially separated thin films, deposited in a controlled fashion, that were dependent on the polarity of the corresponding electrode. Films on the positive electrode differed in thickness, microstructure, and appearance from those formed on the negative electrode. In contrast, films produced from well-mixed hexane/DCM suspensions deposited uniformly across only the negative electrode. Atomic force microscopy studies revealed nanostructured surface morphologies that were unique to each of these films. Additionally, these microscopy studies shed light on the possible conformations of star polymers adsorbed on a surface. By controlling the composition and the mixing state of the solution and by controlling the bias of electrodes, we achieved controlled deposition of star polymer films with a specific nanostructure. These nanostructured films may have broad use in optical and biological device applications.

Published
2007

15. A novel X-linked combined immunodeficiency disease

Author

Frank C. Schmalstieg, Armond S. Goldman, Linda T. Adkins, Edward G. Brooks, Howard M. Rosenblatt, Tamara A. Rakusan, Helen E. Rudloff, Daniel P. Wirt, and Donald P. Lookingbill

Subjects
Adult, Male, X Chromosome, Adolescent, Genetic Linkage, T-Lymphocytes, Immunoglobulins, Biology, Interleukin 21, Leukocyte Count, Antigen, medicine, Humans, X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency, Child, Immunodeficiency, Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes, General Medicine, T lymphocyte, medicine.disease, Pedigree, Lymphatic system, Phenotype, Child, Preschool, Immunology, biology.protein, Female, Antibody, CD8, Research Article
Abstract

A novel X-linked combined immunodeficiency disease was found in five living males in an extended family in the United States. The age of the affected males ranged from 2.5 to 34 yr. The most prominent clinical abnormalities were a paucity of lymphoid tissue; recurrent sinusitis, otitis media, bronchitis, and pneumonia; severe varicella; and chronic papillomavirus infections. The principal immunologic features of the disorder were normal concentrations of serum immunoglobulins but restricted formation of IgG antibodies to immunogens; normal numbers of B cells and NK cells but decreased numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, particularly the CD45RA+ subpopulations; diminished proliferative responses of blood T cells to allogeneic cells, mitogens and antigens; and decreased production of IL-2 by mitogen stimulated blood lymphocytes. Thus, affected males in this family carry an abnormal gene on their X chromosome that results in a combined immunodeficiency that is distinct from previously reported disorders.

Published
1990

17. A Case of Bilateral Carotid Body Tumors Requiring Surgical Resection: The Importance of Physical Exams.

Author

Balakrishnan P, Adkins T, Krantz M, and Kitchen JC

Abstract

We present the case of a 61-year-old man who presented to his primary care provider for a routine visit and was found to have a pulsatile mass in his right neck. This case report shows the importance of a thorough physical exam during patient visits. In this case, the physical exam resulted in the diagnosis of a carotid body tumor (CBT) prior to the patient becoming symptomatic from it. Further work-up was initiated, beginning with a computed tomography-angiogram, which revealed bilateral CBTs. He was referred to the vascular surgery service and underwent surgery to have this mass resected. The right CBT was resected without requiring vascular reconstruction and without postoperative complications. The case depicts the importance of a strong primary care system which becomes even more important in the rural or semi-urban setting and access to a vascular surgeon for appropriate, timely care., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Balakrishnan et al.)

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results