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Introduction: Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), is a disease characterized by its predominant cutaneous findings. In some patients there is a systemic involucrum; It was described for the first time in 1997. Methodology: This disease has been associated with a combination of factors including altered renal function, inflammatory processes and the exhibition to contrast agent based on Gadolinium. Gadolinium and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: The mechanism through which contrast agents based on Gadolinium may trigger NFS is not completely well-known. However, the solid association between Gadolinium and NFS limits its use in patients with renal insufficiency. In this revision, the current situation of NFS, its association with the use of contrast agents containing Gadolinium and the recommendations proposed by different organizations, is shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In this study, we introduce the clinical aspects of interest of the ischemic cardiopathy when evaluated by CMR, as well as the advantages that this study method already have upon those existent ones. We considered the advantages and the risks of the use of gadolinium (Gd-DTPA), the current status and the future perspective of CMR in our country. Generalization: The ischemic cardiopathy has high prevalence and mortality in Mexico and worldwide, from that premise, timely diagnosis (primary prevention) and the identification of the myocardial damage (secondary prevention) in presence of an ischemic event are of supreme importance. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) is a relatively new method that allows the appropriate evaluation of the ischemia, heart attacks and myocardial viability, with appropriate space resolution and without exposure to ionizing radiation. The technique includes multiple sequences of static imaging, angiogram imaging; that allows us to make a comprehensive evaluation of the heart. Conclusion: Fast technological development promises to diminish even more the times of studies carrying out, keeping the high resolution; it is still pending to solve, the quality of the diagnostic imaging of coronary magnetic angioresonance, as well as the time reduction in obtaining said images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In Mexico, chronic liver illnesses are found between the firsts ten death causes; definite handling for hepatic terminal insufficiency is a transplant. Objective: Identifying by means of the ultrasound, the most common complications in hepatic post-transplanted patients as much in early post-surgical as well as late stage, focused to offer opportune handling. Material and methods: Hepatic transplants cases revision in the last ten years (1998-2008) accomplished at Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán" (National Medical Sciences and Nutrition Institute) of the clinical and radiological files to know trans and post-surgical ultrasound findings as well as follow-up evaluations. Results: In all cases a hepatic ultrasound of the transplant was performed during the first 72 post-surgical hours. Findings reported as abnormal included hematomas, bilomas, echogenicity alterations, ascitis; flow absence at portal branches, under resistance index and flow of the hepatic artery. Long term follow-up evaluate complications progress, resolution and sequelae in parenchyma, as well as vascularity status. Conclusions: Ultrasound is the more accessible tool for graft evaluation, from the moment earlier as it is trans-surgical one, as well as the first hours, weeks, to late follow-up of months or years. For the above, emergency data that will require opportune attention must be kept in mind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Ultrasonographic evaluation of thyroid nodules is challenging due to their high frequency and low malignancy rate. The risk stratification system developed by the American College of Radiology (ACR) Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) focuses on addressing the primary contemporary objectives for these lesions, aiming to decrease unnecessary biopsies while maintaining a similar specificity compared with other risk stratification systems. Generally, when indicative of malignancy by ultrasound findings, the next best step in management is an evaluation by fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and cytological analysis with The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) results that determine further evaluation requirements, actions that are based on the risk of malignancy (ROM) of the assigned category, which could include surgical intervention. Objectives To validate and analyze the individual impact of each ultrasonographic finding indicative of malignancy in the ACR TI-RADS guidelines based on their respective correlation with results obtained by TBSRTC. Materials and method Reports for 212 thyroid ultrasound-guided FNABs from 2018 to 2020 were assessed. Only 117 had both ACR TI-RADS and TBSRTC reports available and were analyzed. Nodules were divided into two groups: ROM < 5% (Bethesda 1, 2; n = 58), and ROM > 5% (Bethesda 3, 4, 5, 6; n = 59). Statistical analysis was performed using the x 2 test and bivariate logistic regression model for each characteristic included in ACR TI-RADS. Results Individual ultrasound characteristics with a more pronounced distribution towards the Bethesda > 5% malignancy group were: solid or almost completely solid composition (n=53, 62.3%), very hypoechoic echogenicity (n=3, 75%), wider-than-tall shape (n=50, 50.5%), lobulated or irregular margin (n=23, 65.7%), punctate echogenic foci (n=18, 72%), and thyroid isthmus location (n=6, 75%). Statistically significant individual ultrasonographic characteristics indicative of malignancy included solid or almost completely solid (p = 0.005), very hypoechoic echogenicity (p = 0.046), margin lobulated or irregular (p = 0.031), and punctate echogenic foci (p = 0.015). No significant association was found in the taller-than-wide shape for differentiating malignant from benign lesions (p = 0.969). Conclusions Specific ultrasound characteristics identified in the ACR TI-RADS system demonstrate a stronger correlation with an increased risk of malignancy when compared with cytologic evaluation results. These characteristics include a solid composition, lobulated or irregular margins, punctate echogenic foci, and very hypoechoic echogenicity. Our findings revealed that the scale points for the taller-than-wide characteristic do not adequately represent its true influence on the risk of malignancy., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Comité de Investigación Centro Médico ABC issued approval CMABC-24-05 dated January 8, 2024. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Castilla Villanueva et al.)