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Introduction VA ECMO is effective in cardiogenic shock, but complications of cardiogenic pulmonary edema due to increased afterload are problematic. The advent of percutaneous left ventricular assist devices (Impella) has enabled effective reduction of left ventricular intraventricular pressure and has avoided these complications, but differential hypoxia can still occur during VA ECMO + Impella (Ecpella) management, requiring conversion to V-AV ECMO. Cases may be experienced. Purpose Elucidate the frequency of differential hypoxia and its pathogenesis, which requires the transition from VA ECMO to V-AV ECMO. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 52 consecutive patients who underwent E-CPR from January 2017 through November 2021 in our institute. 8 patients who received ECMO alone were excluded, and 44 patients were recruited. 22 patients underwent VA ECMO with IABP (VA ECMO + IABP group) and 22 patients underwent VA ECMO with Impella (VA ECMO + Impella group). The 30-day survival rate and the rate of transition VA ECMO to VA-V ECMO, The date just before VA ECMO to V-AV ECMO were assessed. Results The 30-day all-cause mortality was no significant difference between the two groups. 2 patients (9%) in the VA ECMO + IABP group and 8 patients (36%) in the VA ECMO + Impella group were transferred to V-AV ECMO (P=0.025). At the time of addition of V-AV ECMO, SaO2 (right radial artery) was 87±7.1% and 91.3±1.9% (p=0.112) in the VA ECMO + IABP and VA ECMO + Impella groups, respectively, and the P/F ratio was 86±37.1 and 95±24.6 (p=0.685). Mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure was 23±1.4 mmHg in the VA ECMO + IABP group and 16.3±3 mmHg in the VA ECMO + Impella group (p=0.0193), significantly lower in the Impella group. Conclusion The Impella group was more likely to have hypoxia due to factors other than cardiogenic pulmonary edema. In cases of cardiopulmonary arrest requiring V-AV ECMO management, differential hypoxia due to causes other than cardiogenic pulmonary edema may become apparent earlier in the Impella group, suggesting that careful management, including the addition of V-AV ECMO, is required. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Background It has not yet been determined whether hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) chemotherapy improves survival in patients with early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We evaluated the effectiveness of HAI with high-concentration cisplatin (DDP-H) for the treatment of HCC by comparing outcomes between patients who received HAI with DDP-H before radical local treatment of early-stage HCC [Japan Integrated Staging (JIS) score 0/1] and patients who did not receive HAI chemotherapy. Patients and methods Survival was analyzed in 114 patients with early-stage HCC who underwent radical local treatment. The patients were divided into two groups: a HAI group (n = 79) who received DDP-H infusion into the whole liver via the proper hepatic artery, and a non-HAI group (n = 35) who did not receive HAI chemotherapy. Results The cumulative survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 77.4%, 69.2%, and 55.3% in the non-HAI group and 97.4%, 87.0%, and 84.4% in the HAI group, respectively. Survival time prolonged significantly in the HAI group compared with the non-HAI group (log-rank test: P = 0.023; generalized Wilcoxon test: P = 0.012) Multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model identified HAI with DDP-H as the most important factor affecting survival. Conclusions Whole-liver HAI with DDP-H before radical local treatment can improve the prognosis of patients with early-stage HCC.

We examined a microstrip line structure to reduce the current concentration at the outer edge of a microstrip line. We developed three kinds of microstrip line; sliced-microstrip line, layered-film microstrip line, and conventional microstrip line. The first microstrip line is a line divided into the narrow line, and the second one is a line made by a layered thin film. Electromagnetic simulations indicated that the current concentration of the outer edge of the sliced microstrip line and layered film microstrip line was lower than that of a conventional microstrip line. We measured the power handling capability of the filters made by sliced-microstrip lines, layered-film microstrip lines, and conventional microstrip lines. The value of the first and the second filters was better than that of a conventional one. The difference in the characteristics is based on the difference in the current concentration at the outer edge of the microstrip lines.

We investigated the dc magnetic field and temperature dependences of the microwave intrinsic surface resistance (Rsint) of YBa2Cu3Oy (YBCO) superconducting thin films with various thicknesses. We used YBCO films from 100, 200, and 300 nm thick YBCO films deposited on CeO2/Al2O3 substrates. The Rsint is means the surface resistance of YBCO film without the dielectric loss of the substrates. The Rsint was obtained from measured surface resistance (Rs) by using a phenomenological equation. The Rs was measured using the dielectric resonator method at 21.8 GHz. A dc magnetic field of up to 5.0 T was applied parallel to the c-axis of the superconducting thin films during the Rs measurements. The Rsint of the YBCO thin films increased when the dc magnetic field was applied. These relations could be explained with the two-fluid model for high-frequency and high-magnetic field limits. The Rsint ratio (defined as Rsint (5T)/Rsint (0T)) slightly decreased with the film thickness. These results indicate that the Rsint of HTS films depends on the film thickness in the dc magnetic field and the Rsint in a dc magnetic field may be related to the pinning center in the HTS films.

Ultrafine pure Al particles were consolidated into fully dense bulk material using back pressure equal channel angular pressing (BP-ECAP). The consolidation was carried out at 400 °C with a back pressure of 200 MPa. A fully dense Al–Al2O3 composite consisting of mostly nanocrystalline Al and γ-Al2O3, a small fraction of ultrafine Al grains and amorphous alumina was produced after four passes from the freshly formed particles. In contrast, no consolidation was achieved from the aged particles which had been kept for between 18 and 24 months. The formation of the nanostructure was attributed to the interaction between severe shear deformation and in situ oxidation during ECAP. The ultimate strength of the nanostructured material reached ∼740 MPa in compression with a plastic strain to fracture of the order of ∼1%. It is demonstrated that ultrafine particles can be well consolidated by ECAP when they are sheared to change shape rather than to slide over each other.

A new precipitation-hardenable wrought magnesium alloy based on the Mg–Zn system with an excellent combination of high tensile yield strength, good ductility and low tensile-compression anisotropy has been developed. The Mg–2.4Zn–0.1Ag–0.1Ca(–0.16Zr) (at.%) alloys show significantly higher age-hardening responses compared to that of the binary Mg–2.4Zn alloy due to the increased number density and refinement of rod-like MgZn 2 precipitates. The addition of Zr to the Mg–2.4Zn–0.1Ag–0.1Ca alloy resulted in a significant refinement of the grain size. A high number density of precipitates was observed in the Mg–2.4Zn–0.1Ag–0.1Ca–0.16Zr alloy in both the as-extruded condition and following isothermal ageing at 160 °C. The tensile yield strength of the as-extruded and aged alloys was 289 and 325 MPa, with an elongation of 17% and 14%, respectively. These alloys show relatively low compression and tensile anisotropy. The origins of these unique mechanical properties are discussed based on the detailed microstructural investigation.

Aluminum nitride ceramics were prepared by sintering with 0–4.8 mass% of Ca 3 Al 2 O 6 (C 3 A) as a sintering additive. The transmittance in the range of 260–550 nm increased with increasing amount of C 3 A. The cathodoluminescence intensity attributed to oxygen-induced defects decreased with increasing amount of C 3 A. From the results, the increase of the transmittance in the range of 260–550 nm was considered to be related to the decrease of the oxygen-induced defect density.

We have investigated the microstructures of age hardened Mg–2.0Gd–1.2Y–xZn–0.2Zr (x = 0, 0.3, and 1.0) (at.%) alloys to understand the remarkable age-hardening and unusual plastic elongation behavior. The age-hardening of the alloys occurs through the sequential precipitations of β′ and β1 phases. The β1 phase heterogeneously nucleates at the interface of the β′ phase, and relaxes strain fields around the β′. Although the addition of Zn degrades the age-hardening response, it causes the discontinuous precipitation of a 14H-type long-period stacking (LPS) phase at grain boundaries as well as within grains in the over-aged condition, which enhances the maximum tensile elongation. The composition of the β1 phase was determined to be Mg–23.3 at.% RE–9.7 at.% Zn–2.0 at.% Zr (RE: rare-earth, Gd and Y), whereas that of the LPS is Mg–5.6 at.% RE–1.8 at.% Zn–1.0 at.% Zr.

The eddy-current type proximity sensor is a noncontact type sensing device to detect the approach of a conductor by increase of coil resistance due to eddy-current loss. This paper proposes to add the cap-shaped magnetic flux shield at the top of the ferrite core for the actual sensor. In conventional proximity sensors, main magnetic flux path passes through the air between the target conductor and ferrite core. The proposed sensor, in contrast, has closed magnetic circuit geometry. This means that main magnetic flux path is almost completed by the core and the shield. Therefore, it is predicted that flux does not reach the target conductor and it causes debasement of sensing property. However, it is shown that the calculated results by finite element method and measured results of the sensing property of the proposed sensor is enhanced compared with the actual sensor. This paper quantitatively accounts the electromagnetisms of the proposed sensor from sensing property, flux distributions, and eddy-current loss in each part of the sensor body

Pure Al particles were synthesised into bulk materials using back pressure equal channel angular consolidation (BP-ECAC) and further deformed up to 4 passes of ECAP at 100 °C with the application of 50 MPa in back pressure. Ingot metallurgy (IM) Al was processed under the same conditions to provide comparison. The microstructures were characterised using TEM for grain size and shape as well as misorientations. In general, the grains were finer and misorientations larger in the PM (powder metallurgy) materials than in the IM materials. The tensile strength of the PM materials was significantly higher than that of the IM materials. Different work hardening behaviours were observed between the materials after 1 pass and those after 4 passes.

Eddy-current-type proximity sensor is a noncontact-type sensing device to detect the approach of a conductor by an increase of coil resistance due to eddy current loss. This paper investigates electromagnetic (EM) characteristics of the actual proximity sensor by the finite-element method and provides knowledge to enhance sensing property. In particular, the influence of eddy current loss to sensing property is shown and quantitatively estimated. Furthermore, modified models of the actual sensor are proposed and calculated as numerical experiments. As a result, enhanced sensing properties of the proposed models are shown

The local structures of molten CeCl 3 and NdCl 3 have been investigated by XAFS at SPring-8 with the K-absorption edges of Ce and Nd. The nearest-neighbour Ln 3+ –Cl − distances and coordination numbers, n ¯ Ln Cl , are found to be 2.81 A and 6.52 for CeCl 3 , and 2.73 A and 6.96 for NdCl 3 , respectively. The coordination numbers are >6, implying thereby that the local structures around the lighter lanthanide ions are not exactly octahedral, but somewhat distorted. The XAFS technique using the 3rd generation X-ray sources is a powerful tool to elucidate the local structure around the lanthanide ions in the light rare earth compounds.

ステロイド(以下SH)依存性の全大腸炎型の潰瘍性大腸炎(以下UC)3例に,虫垂瘻からのSH antedrug注入療法を施行したので報告する.症例1 21歳女性.腰椎麻酔下に虫垂瘻を作製しSH antedrugのフルオシノニド(以下FLU)注入療法を行った.緩解導入・維持が可能となり,25カ月後に本法を中止しその後も緩解を維持している.症例2 24歳女性.本法にてSH全身投与を中止できたが,施行後24カ月後に末梢関節炎を発症したためSH全身投与を再開した.症例3 25歳男性.本法を6カ月施行したが,狭窄病変により薬剤分布に差が生じ十分な効果が得られず,免疫抑制剤の投与を必要とした.考察:本法は,全大腸炎型UCに対する局所療法として十分な効果があり,管理が容易で在宅療法が可能であること,副作用が少ないことなどの利点から,ステロイド依存性UCに対する治療法として有用であると考えられた.

A J-band photoluminescence of cyanine dye J-aggregates was observed under excitation below the band gap. This emission is not due to two-photon absorption. The luminescence intensity becomes weaker with a decrease in temperature. For the excitation below the band gap, the rise and decay times of the J-band luminescence from cyanine dye concentration of 4 x 10(-4) M are 9.0 and 155 ps, respectively. In case of the band-to-band excitation, the radiative decay starts just after excitation and fast and slow decay components have time constants of 13 and 54 ps, respectively. The lifetime of luminescence depends on the concentration of the cyanine dye. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Pre-precipitation solute clustering in Al–Li–Cu–Mg–Ag and Al–Cu–Mg–Ag alloys has been investigated by coincidence Doppler broadening (CDB) spectroscopy of positron annihilation and three-dimensional atom probe (3DAP) analysis. Although Ag–Mg co-clusters form in the Al–Cu–Mg–Ag alloy in the early stage of aging, no evidence for the co-cluster formation was obtained from the Li containing alloy using 3DAP. While CDB spectra indicated that vacancies are associated with Ag after aging for 15 s in the Al–Cu–Mg–Ag alloy, vacancy–Ag association is suppressed in the Li containing alloy. Based on the 3DAP and CDB results, the reasons for the completely different clustering behaviors observed in these two similar alloys are discussed.

FD-891 belongs to a group of 18-membered macrolides, and is a structural analogue of a specific inhibitor of vacuolar type H+-ATPase, concanamycin A (CMA). In our previous work, we have shown that CMA specifically inhibits perforin-dependent cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated cytotoxicity through the degradation and inactivation of perforin, although CMA does not affect Fas ligand (FasL)-dependent cytotoxicity. Here, we show that FD-891 potently prevents not only perforin-dependent but also FasL-dependent CTL-mediated killing pathways by blocking CTL-target conjugate formation. In contrast to CMA, FD-891 was unable to inhibit vacuolar acidification and only slightly decreased the perforin activity in lytic granules. FD-891 blocked granule exocytosis in response to anti-CD3, mainly owing to the lack of CTL binding to immobilized anti-CD3. The conjugate formation was markedly inhibited only when effector cells were pretreated with FD-891. Consistent with these observations, fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis for cell surface receptors revealed that FD-891 significantly reduced the expression of the T-cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 complex. These data suggest that the blockage of conjugate formation and subsequent target cell killing might be at least partly owing to FD-891-induced down-regulation of the TCR/CD3 complex.

The stability of the SrZr0.9Yb0.1O3−α protonic conductor in an atmosphere containing nitrogen oxides (NO x ) was investigated. When a fine powder of SrZr0.9Yb0.1O3−α with a specific surface area of about 50 m2/g was annealed at 440 °C in He gas containing 8% O2 and 0.1% NO, the formation of Sr(NO3)2 was observed by IR measurement, ion-chromatography analysis and ICP analysis. The formation mechanism of Sr(NO3)2 was examined by considering the thermodynamic equilibrium. Based on the results of the thermodynamic calculation, H2O dissolved into SrZr0.9Yb0.1O3−α was estimated to play an important role in the reaction for the formation of Sr(NO3)2 between SrZr0.9Yb0.1O3−α and NO x .

The authors have discussed the numerical simulation method for transient electromagnetic fields using the boundary element method which is based on scalar and vector potentials. To use the BEM which is based on potentials to transient electromagnetic fields, a special gauge transformation has been performed to get an appropriate boundary condition for potentials. This paper discusses a restriction on the topological configuration of the considered region, that is necessitated by the use of the gauge transformation. The discussion is done using the four-dimensional space-time formulation. It is shown that the BEM which is based on potentials is almost free from a topological restriction on the considered region.

It is known that the spatial derivatives of a potential function become infinite at corner points on a boundary under certain conditions. Numerical methods such as finite and boundary element methods cannot adequately analyse the potential fields with those field singularities since they conventionally employ piecewise polynomials. This paper presents a boundary element formulation for the accurate analysis of two-dimensional potential fields with the field singularities. In this method boundary integral equations are formulated for unknown regularised functions, which are introduced by subtracting off the field singularities from the original potential function. Moreover, at the singular corner points boundary integral equations are formulated to determine the unknown expansion coefficients that characterize the behavior of the potential function around the singular corner points. By simultaneously solving the boundary integral equations for the regularized function and the expansion coefficients the original potential function is accurately determined.

Many authors have been discussing numerical simulation methods of transient electromagnetic fields based on scalar and vector potentials and have shown that the Dirichlet type boundary conditions can be imposed on the potentials. Based on the gauge selection, some numerical simulations (BEM analysis) have been done. However, the numerical simulations often encountered numerical instabilities. To clarify the stable condition, this paper discusses numerical instabilities of the BE analysis of transient electromagnetic fields. Then, it is pointed out that there are two kinds of numerical instabilities, short and long range instabilities.

This paper presents a boundary element analysis of transmission-line parameters on the basis of the quasi-TEM assumption. Singular boundary elements are employed to adequately express the corner singularities at sharp conductor edges. The boundary integrals consisting of the Green's function and singular interpolation functions are regularized by a Taylor expansion technique, and are then evaluated using the standard Gaussian quadrature. The numerical results for test problems show the reliability of the present method.

This paper describes a two-dimensional analysis of magnetic fields with thin magnetic materials using hypersingular integral equations. In this analysis, the thin materials are modeled as infinitesimally thin sheets, on which hypersingular integral equations for the vector potential are formulated. The hypersingular integral equation is discretized by a boundary element method, on the basis of the Hadamard finite part integral, to numerically compute magnetic fields. The present method is shown to give an accurate magnetic field in a cylindrical magnetic shell with linear permeability. Moreover, numerical results for the shell with non-linear permeability are provided.

Stable levitation with a permanent magnet and a bulk high T/sub c/ superconductor (HTSC) is examined numerically by using the critical state model and the frozen field model. Differences between a permanent magnet and a trapped field magnet are discussed in terms of the levitation force property. The stable levitation region of the HTSC on a ring magnet and on a solenoid coil are calculated using numerical methods. The obtained results are discussed from the point of view of differences in magnetic field configuration. >

Levitation force between permanent magnets and high-T/sub c/ superconductors (HTSC's) is evaluated numerically based on the critical state model. The bulk HTSC is approximated to a thin plate multilayer model from its anisotropic structure. The thin plate eddy current code with the finite element method is applied to the analysis of the HTSC flywheel, where ring magnets and the HTSC are arranged in triple concentric circles. The size and the combination of the magnets are examined to obtain the large levitation force. It is shown that the levitation force of the HTSC flywheel depends strongly on the magnetic field configuration. >

Coexistence of the "metallic-like" in-plane and the "semiconducting-like" out-of-plane (caxis) dc conductivities ({\sigma}c), generating a huge anisotropy in the underdoped hightemperature cuprate superconductors (HTCS), defies our current understanding of metal. In this report we present an intrinsic doping dependence of {\sigma}c. We find that the {\sigma}c for the underdoped HTCS is universally scaled to the {\sigma}c at the optimal doped-hole concentration. The universal scaling behavior suggests that there are three intrinsic processes contribute to {\sigma}c: (i) the doping-dependent-activated gap; (ii) the exponential doping dependences and (iii) the tunneling between adjacent CuO2 block layers. They are the essential underlying characteristics of the c-axis transport for all HTCSs., Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for the publication in Solid State Communications

Several clinical problems related to the dorsal root entry zone lesions (DREZLs) in 15 patients with chronic pain are presented and discussed in terms of ratings of pain relief following surgery, development of sensory or motor weakness and postmortem histologies. Subjective pain relief exceeding 70% was achieved at around 2 weeks after the operations in most patients (13/15), and then decreased in some to 30 from 70% in the follow-up observations. Our new "objective" pain relief score was tested in these patients. A significant positive correlation between subjective pain relief and our objective pain relief scale was found, but some discrepancies between them were also found during the follow-up. Sensory loss, motor weakness, paraesthesia and a new pain were found as complications in 12, 7, 4 and 6 patients, respectively. Postmortem histological findings of the spinal cord in two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and uterine cancer, who received bilateral DREZLs twice and bilateral DREZLs plus commissural myelotomy, respectively, indicate that care should be taken to avoid extension of the coagulation beyond the dorsal horn.

The scalar Helmholtz equations are investigated by using the integral equation method (IEM). In the IEM analysis, the fundamental solution of the Laplace equation is used as a weighting function. Two IEM formulations are obtained: one is a standard formulation and the other is obtained from an elimination of the unknown boundary value. The accuracy and computational time of the IEM are compared with those of the finite element method in two dimensional scalar Helmholtz problems. The analysis of a resonant cavity is reduced to a simple eigenvalue problem. Resonant frequencies of the IEM agree well with those of the finite difference method. Usefulness of the IEM is confirmed through the analyses of the scalar Helmholtz equations. >

We have compared the hole concentration ($P_{pl}$) determined by hole-scale based on the thermoelectric power at RT ($S^{290}$) to the hole concentrations ($P$) determined by two popular hole-scales based on the superconducting critical temperature ($T_c$) and Hall coefficient ($R_H$). While the hole concentrations based on different hole-scales are different, we show that when the $P_{pl}$ is divided by either the effective unit cell volume ($V_{euc}$) which is the unit-cell volume per one CuO$_2$ plane or the optimal hole concentration ($P_{pl}^{opt}$) we can find some correlation between $P_{pl}$ and $P$. That is, the normalized $T_c$ ($T_c$ / $T_c$($P_{pl}^{opt}$)) and the Hall number (1/$eR_H$) are well scaled with $P_{pl}$ / $P_{pl}^{opt}$ and $P_{pl}$ / $V_{euc}$, respectively. We find that the $P_{pl}$-scale can map to and reproduce the other two hole scales if proper dimensionality and normalization are taken into account but not vice versa., Comment: 2 pages, 2 figures, M2S IX conference. Accepted for the publication in Physica C

It is shown that the combination of low pitch and a small number of turns realizes a low-profile helix as a radiating element of circular polarization. A two-turn helix of 4 degrees pitch angle shows a bandwidth of 12% for a 3 dB axial-ratio criterion. The numerical results presented lead to new aspects of a low-pitch helix as an effective radiating element. >

Dispersion relations of toroidal plasma-surface waves are studied by using the boundary element method for cold plasmas in a quasi-electrostatic state. When sinusoidal waves are assumed for the toroidal direction, a governing equation becomes the axisymmetric modified Helmholtz equation. Application of boundary conditions reduces the study to an analysis of an eigenvalue problem. Fundamental solutions that are used in the analysis depend on the toroidal mode number of the surface waves. Dispersion relations of circular cross-sectional plasmas are in good agreement with exact solutions for parameters of toroidal modes, poloidal modes, and the aspect ratio. Effects of the elongation ratio on the dispersion relations are also studied in the analysis of toroidal plasma with an oval cross section. >

Copyright (2008) by the American Physical Society publisher, We have analyzed various characteristic temperatures and energies of hole-doped high-T_c cuprates as a function of a dimensionless hole-doping concentration (p_u). Entirely based on the experimental grounds, we construct a unified electronic phase diagram (UEPD), where three characteristic temperatures (T^*'s) and their corresponding energies (E^*'s) converge as p_u increases in the underdoped regime. T^*'s and E^*'s merge together with the T_c curve and 3.5k_BT_c curve at p_u~1.1 in the overdoped regime, respectively. They finally go to zero at p_u~1.3. The UEPD follows an asymmetric half-dome-shaped T_c curve, in which T_c appears at p_u~0.4, reaches a maximum at p_u~1, and rapidly goes to zero at p_u~1.3. The asymmetric half-dome-shaped T_c curve is at odds with the well-known symmetric superconducting dome for La_Sr_xCuO_4 (SrD-La214), in which two characteristic temperatures and energies converge as p_u increases and merge together at p_u~1.6, where T_c goes to zero. The UEPD clearly shows that pseudogap phase precedes and coexists with high temperature superconductivity in the underdoped and overdoped regimes, respectively. It is also clearly seen that the upper limit of high-T_c cuprate physics ends at a hole concentration that equals to 1.3 times the optimal doping concentration for almost all high-T_c cuprate materials and 1.6 times the optimal doping concentration for the SrD-La214. Our analysis strongly suggests that pseudogap is a precursor of high-T_c superconductivity, the observed quantum critical point inside the superconducting dome may be related to the end point of UEPD, and the normal state of the underdoped and overdoped high temperature superconductors cannot be regarded as a conventional Fermi liquid phase.©2008 The American Physical Society

We study superconducting transition temperature ($T_c$) of oxygen-doped double-layer high-temperature superconductors YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{6+\delta}$ (0 $\le$ $\delta$ $\le$ 1) as a function of the oxygen dopant concentration ($\delta$) and planar hole-doping concentration ($P_{pl}$). We find that $T_c$, while clearly influenced by the development of the chain ordering as seen in the $T_c$ $vs.$ $\delta$ plot, lies on a universal curve originating at the critical hole concentration ($P_c$) = 1/16 in the $T_c$ $vs.$ $P_{pl}$ plot. Our analysis suggests that the universal behavior of $T_c$($P_{pl}$) can be understood in terms of the competition and collaboration of chemical-phases and electronic-phases that exist in the system. We conclude that the global superconductivity behavior of YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{6+\delta}$ as a function of doping is electronically driven and dictated by pristine electronic phases at magic doping numbers that follow the hierarchical order based on $P_c$, such as 2 $\times$ $P_c$, 3 $\times$ $P_c$ and 4 $\times$ $P_c$. We find that there are at least two intrinsic electronic superconducting phases of $T_c$ = 60 K at 2 $\times$ $P_c$ = 1/8 and $T_c$ = 90 K at 3 $\times$ $P_c$ = 3/16.

KEKB has been operating with crab cavities for the first time in the world. This paper represents beam operation with the crab crossing.

Pressure effect on Hall coefficient, RH has been investigated in Y1-xCaxBa2Cu3Oy system with and without Cu-O chain structure, which is known as a charge reservoir. In the samples with Cu-O chain (y≠6), it was found that RH changes by pressure. But, in the samples without Cu-O chain (y=6), it was found that RH does not change by pressure. It is concluded that a source of the pressure-induced mobile carrier is the Cu-O chain structure in Y1-xCaxBa2Cu3Oy system.

We argue that in cuprate physics there are two types, hole content per CuO$_2$ plane ($P_{pl}$) and the corresponding hole content per unit volume ($P_{3D}$), of hole-doping concentrations for addressing physical properties that are two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) in nature, respectively. We find that superconducting transition temperature ($T_c$) varies systematically with $P_{3D}$ as a superconducting \textquotedblleft $dome$\textquotedblright with a universal optimal hole-doping concentration $P_{3D}^{opt.}$ = 1.6 $\times$ 10$^{21}$ cm$^{-3}$ for single-layer high temperature superconductors. We suggest that $P_{3D}^{opt.}$ determines the upper bound of the electronic energy of underdoped single-layer high-$T_c$ cuprates., 8 pages, 4 figures; added references ;accepted for the publication in Supercond. Sci. Technol ; Ref. 13 is revised

Pressure effects on the charge-ordering (CO) transition have been investigated for an oxygen-deficient double-perovskite cobalt oxide, BaYCo 2 O 5 . 0 , through resistivity measurements using a piston-cylinder-type clamp cell. The charge-ordering temperature T C O rises (+ 19 K/GPa) as pressure increases, making a sharp contrast with the pressure suppression of T C O seen for the isostructural BaSmFe 2 O 5 . 0 . We have further determined the atomic coordinates under elevated pressures, and ascribed this unexpected behavior of BaYCo 2 O 5 . 0 to the pressure enhancement of the orthorhombic distortion s (≡a-b).

This paper discusses a precise numerical integrator for ultra-relativistic radiating electron motion. It is firstly shown that the covariant form Lorentz force equation of motion possesses the Lorentz group Lie algebra structure and the Lorentz-Dirac equation of motion as well. After that, a precise numerical integrator for radiating electron is constructed based on the Lie algebra properties. Numerical examples show that this integrator can be effectively used not only for the ultra-relativistic electron motion but also for a non-relativistic electron motions in pure magnetic fields as well.

A nondestructive beam profile monitor using a neutral gas sheet is developed for ion synchrotron beams. To produce the intense gas sheet, a nozzle beam method is employed. The typical sizes of the sheet are 100 mm width and 1 mm thickness. Up to now the pressure of the gas sheet has been achieved 5/spl times/10/sup -7/ Torr. As the sheet is inclined 45 degrees in the transverse direction to the beam, a cross-sectional profile of the beam would be measured. As a performance test, a profile of an extracted proton beam from NIRS-Cyclotron was successfully measured.

The effect of hydrostatic pressure up to 2 GPa on the superconductiong transitions in ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{4+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ is investigated. The ambient- and high-pressure properties of two series of samples with $x=0$ and 0.015 and $0l\ensuremath{\delta}l0.1$ are characterized and compared by ac-susceptibility measurements. At ambient pressure both sets of samples fit into the same phase diagram as a function of the total hole concentration ${n}_{h}.$ For ${n}_{h}l0.085$ there is a single superconducting transition ${(T}_{c}\ensuremath{\approx}30 \mathrm{K})$ with an unusually large pressure coefficient, ${\mathrm{dT}}_{c}^{(30)}/dp\ensuremath{\approx}10 \mathrm{K}/\mathrm{GPa}.$ At a higher hole density ${(n}_{h}g0.085)$ a second superconducting transition ${(T}_{c}\ensuremath{\approx}15 \mathrm{K})$ follows the first transition upon cooling and the pressure shift of this transition is negative, ${\mathrm{dT}}_{c}^{(15)}/dp\ensuremath{\approx}\ensuremath{-}4 \mathrm{K}/\mathrm{GPa}.$ At the boundary as the hole density is close to 0.085 the phase separation can be induced by pressure. The results are explained in terms of a strong correlation of the interstitial oxygen with the hole system in the CuO planes. Pressure, applied at ambient temperature, causes a redistribution of holes. The mobile oxygen dopants follow and enhance ${T}_{c}$ as well as the tendency toward phase separation. If pressure is changed at low temperature $(l100 \mathrm{K})$ the effects on ${T}_{c}$ and phase separations are greatly diminished because the interstitial oxygen becomes immobile at low T. Our results indicate that the dopant effects are important. Dopants and holes should be treated as a single globally correlated state. When thermodynamic euqilibrium is approached in the oxygen-doped samples, we find that there is an intrinsic tendency of electronic phase separation of doped holes into two distinct superconducting states.

We investigated the dc magnetic field and temperature dependences of microwave surface resistance (Rs) of high-temperature superconductor (HTS) films. Previously, we reported that the surface resistance RsRs(n) under a dc magnetic field applied normaly to the substrate increased when increasing the applied magnetic field. For NMR application, we have to examine the Rs(p) under the dc magnetic field parallel to the substrate. We measured the Rs(p) of the YBCO and DyBCO thin films with a thickness of 500 nm deposited on a MgO (100) substrate using the dielectric resonator method at 21.8 GHz, and a dc magnetic field of up to 5 T. In a zero magnetic field, the values of Rs(n) and Rs(p) were 0.35 mQ at 20 K. Under the dc magnetic field, the Rs(n) and the Rs(p) also increased with increasing magnetic field, however, the Rs(p) had a lower magnetic field dependence and the value was about 1/10 of that of the Rs(n). The Rs(p) at 16.4 T and at 700 MHz could be estimated by the two-fluid model. The Rs(p) value was about 1/2600 compared with that of copper at 20 K. As a result, we clarified that 500 nm thick YBCO and DyBCO thin films could provide advantages for NMR application.

Post-translational stabilization of beta-catenin through mutation of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene has been proposed as an early step in colorectal carcinogenesis. Beta-catenin may translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, where it might serve as a transcriptional factor to stimulate tumour formation. We investigated intracellular localization of beta-catenin in sporadic colorectal adenomas and cancers as well as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Nuclear over-expression of beta-catenin was observed in 35% (7/20) of intramucosal cancers and 42% (23/55) of invasive cancers but was not seen in any adenomas from sporadic or FAP cases. Cytoplasmic beta-catenin in adenomas was significantly higher than that of normal mucosa in both sporadic and FAP cases. The cytoplasmic intensity index of cancers was significantly higher than that of sporadic adenomas, but the index was not correlated with nuclear expression in cancers. These findings suggest that nuclear translocation of beta-catenin is involved in development of intramucosal cancer rather than adenoma, independent of APC mutations. Cytoplasmic accumulation of beta-catenin may occur in adenomas, but it remains to be determined whether this is a cause or a consequence of colorectal cancer. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaign

Growth and development from shoot primordia and embryoids obtained from the Asiatic Hybrid Lily and the Oriental Hybrid Lily were studied. Shoot primordium and embryoid formation of the Asiatic Hybrid Lily was more successful than the Oriental Hybrid Lily. The highest shoot primordium formation medium of the Asiatic Hybrid Lily from apical meristem was achieved at 0.5 BA (6-benzylaminopurin) without NAA (nafthalen acetic acid), and that of the Oriental Hybrid Lily required 0.01 mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l BA. Embryogenic calli from the shoot apex for embryoid germination gave rise to numerous embryoids, which regenerated rapidly in the medium with the same concentrations of NAA and BA in the medium for shoot primordium formation. Concentrations of NAA and BA in the medium for regeneration from shoot primordium and embrioids were similar to treatment for shoot primordium and embryoids formation but differed between the Asiatic Hybrid Lily and the Oriental Hybrid Lily. Young plants regenerated in vitro from shoot primordium and embryoids acclimatised with the maintenance of humidity. Only a few cases of somaclonal mutation were noted in the regenerated plants from shoot primordium and embryoids. Thus, our results suggest that plantlets produced by these methods are stable and commercial production via this protocol is feasible for lily propagation. Key Words: Asiatic Lily, mutation, propagation, shoot primordial (African Crop Science Journal: 2000, 8(2): 117-128)

The effects of platinum group metals (PGMs) addition on microscopic characteristics of Ni-Al-PGM ternary and Ni-base single crystal superalloys were investigated. Several Ni-19at%Al-Xat% PGM (PGM: Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir and Pt) ternary alloys were prepared by arc-melting in order to understand the distribution of PGMs in y and y ’ two phases. It is found from differential thermal analysis (DTA) that among PGMs, Ir and Ru increase the melting points whereas Pt and Pd decrease the melting points. These alloys were successfully solution treated at 1300°C for 4h. After ageing treatment, all Ni-19Al1PGM alloys form y and y ’ two-phase structure, while 9at% addition of Ir, Ru, Rh and Pd leads to the precipitation of PGM-enriched phase which is different from both y and y ’ phases, except for a Ni-19Al-9Pt alloy which maintains y and y ’ two-phase structure. SEM-EDX analysis revealed that Ir and Ru have a preference to partition to the y phase while Pt, Pd and Rh have a preference for the y ’ phase. Microscopic distribution of Ir and Ru in multi-component Ni-base single crystal superalloys were also investigated. Atomprobe field ion microscopy (APFIM) revealed that partitioning behaviour of Ir in multi-component Ni-base single crystal superalloys depends on alloy composition. For Re-free alloy TMS-79, Ir atoms have a small preference to be located in the y phase, while for Recontaining TMS-80, Ir tends to partition to the y ’ precipitates. On the other hand, Ru is found to prefer the y phase in Re-containing TMS-91. These results suggest that among alloying elements, ‘competition of partitioning’ takes place in multi-component alloys. The order of alloying elements having stronger preference to the y phase can be summarized as Re > Cr > (MO, Ru, Co) > w > Ir.

Internalization and down-regulation of human muscarinic acetylcholine m2 receptors (hm2 receptors) and a hm2 receptor mutant lacking a central part of the third intracellular loop (I3-del m2 receptor) were examined in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells stably expressing these receptors and G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2). Agonist-induced internalization of up to 80-90% of hm2 receptors was demonstrated by measuring loss of [3H]N-methylscopolamine binding sites from the cell surface, and transfer of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding sites from the plasma membrane into the light-vesicle fractions separated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Additionally, translocation of hm2 receptors with endocytic vesicles were visualized by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. Agonist-induced down-regulation of up to 60-70% of hm2 receptors was demonstrated by determining the loss of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding sites in the cells. The half-time (t1/2) of internalization and down-regulation in the presence of 10(-4) M carbamylcholine was estimated to be 9.5 min and 2.3 h, respectively. The rates of both internalization and down-regulation of hm2 receptors in the presence of 10(-6) M or lower concentrations of carbamylcholine were markedly increased by coexpression of GRK2. Agonist-induced internalization of I3-del m2 receptors was barely detectable upon incubation of cells for 1 h, but agonist-induced down-regulation of up to 40-50% of I3-del m2 receptors occurred upon incubation with 10(-4) M carbamylcholine for 16 h. However, the rate of down-regulation was lower compared with wild type receptors (t1/2 = 9.9 versus 2.3 h). These results indicate that rapid internalization of hm2 receptors is facilitated by their phosphorylation with GRK2 and does not occur in the absence of the third intracellular loop, but down-regulation of hm2 receptors may occur through both GRK2-facilitating pathway and third intracellular loop-independent pathways.

We investigated the effect of introducing artificial pinning centers (APCs) into YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) thin films to reduce the microwave surface resistance (Rs) in a high dc magnetic field for high-performance microwave devices with high-quality factor (Q). YBCO thin films with and without APCs were deposited on MgO(100) substrates by using the pulsed laser deposition technique. We used commercial 0, 1.5, 3.0 wt% BaMO3 (BMO, M = Zr, Hf) doped YBCO targets. The δω and δφ of the YBCO thin films increased as BMO doping increased, and the rate of increase appeared to be smaller for BHO doping than for BZO doping. The Rs of these thin films was measured at 21.8 GHz with the dielectric resonator method and a dc magnetic field of up to 5.0 T was applied parallel to the c-axis of the YBCO thin films during the Rs measurements. The Rs of the BMO doped films in the magnetic field was smaller than that of the pure YBCO films. In particular the Rs of the 1.5 wt% BHO doped films was the smallest among all of the films, about half compared with that of the Rs of the pure YBCO films at 4 T and 20 K. As a result, we found that introducing APCs into YBCO thin films is effective for decreasing Rs under a dc magnetic field.

author, Room-temperature thermoelectric power S^290 as a function of hole concentration per planer Cu atom (P_pl) has been studied in a chain-free double-layer Y_1−_xCa_xBa_2Cu_3O_6. S^290(P_pl) of Y_1−_xCa_xBa_2Cu_3O_6 (P_pl=x/2) behaves identically to that of single-layer La_2−_xSr_xCuO_4 (P_pl=x). In order to show the validity of the present scale of S^290(P_pl), we demonstrate the phase diagram for bilayer Yba_2Cu_3O_y system and Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_y system and discuss.

Tungsten oxide films consisting of particles were prepared on the substrates placed at various distances from the tungsten wires heated by electric current. The shapes of the particles were sphere in an area on the substrate just above the wire while octahedral shape was found in other area. For the spherical particles, with increasing the distance, the mean particle diameter increased, reached its maximum value and gradually decreased. The particles in each area showed the photochromism especially in near-infrared region. The spherical particles with the smallest size exhibited a significant photochromic effect which could be controlled by changing the distance between the wire and the substrate.