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1. The EXO-200 detector, part II: Auxiliary Systems

Author

Ackerman, N., Albert, J., Auger, M., Auty, D. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Bartoszek, L., Baussan, E., Belov, V., Benitez-Medina, C., Bhatta, T., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Cao, G. F., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Cleveland, B., Conley, R., Cook, S., Coon, M., Craddock, W., Craycraft, A., Cree, W., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S. J., Daughhetee, J., Davis, C. G., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., deVoe, R., Didberidze, T., Dilling, J., Dobi, A., Dolgolenko, A. G., Dolinski, M. J., Dunford, M., Echevers, J., Espic, L., Fairbank Jr., W., Fairbank, D., Farine, J., Feldmeier, W., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fouts, K., Franco, D., Freytag, D., Fudenberg, D., Gautam, P., Giroux, G., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Hagemann, C., Hall, C., Hall, K., Haller, G., Hansen, E. V., Hargrove, C., Herbst, R., Herrin, S., Hodgson, J., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jessiman, C., Jewell, M. J., Johnson, A., Johnson, T. N., Johnston, S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Killick, R., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leonard, D. S., Leonard, F., LePort, F., Li, G. S., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., Mackay, D., MacLellan, R., Marino, M., Martin, J. -M., Martin, Y., McElroy, T., McFarlane, K., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Neilson, R., Njoya, O., Nusair, O., O'Sullivan, K., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Ouellet, C., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Pushkin, K., Retiere, F., Rivas, A., Robinson, A. L., Rollin, E., Rowson, P. C., Rozo, M. P., Runge, J., Russell, J. J., Schmidt, S., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., Skarpaas, K., Slutsky, S., Smith, E., Soma, A. K., Stekhanov, V., Strickland, V., Swift, M., Tarka, M., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Tosi, D., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Twelker, K., Veenstra, B., Veeraraghavan, V., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Vuilleumier, J. -M., Wagenpfeil, M., Waite, A., Walton, J., Walton, T., Wamba, K., Watkins, J., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wittgen, M., Wodin, J., Wood, J., Wrede, G., Wu, S. X., Xia, Q., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O. Ya, and Ziegler, T.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The EXO-200 experiment searched for neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe with a single-phase liquid xenon detector. It used an active mass of 110 kg of 80.6%-enriched liquid xenon in an ultra-low background time projection chamber with ionization and scintillation detection and readout. This paper describes the design and performance of the various support systems necessary for detector operation, including cryogenics, xenon handling, and controls. Novel features of the system were driven by the need to protect the thin-walled detector chamber containing the liquid xenon, to achieve high chemical purity of the Xe, and to maintain thermal uniformity across the detector., Comment: Manuscript updated in response to JINST reviewer comments

Published
2021
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2. Magnetic Levitation Stabilized by Streaming Fluid Flows

Author

Baldwin, K. A., de Fouchier, J. -B., Atkinson, P., Hill, R. J. A., Swift, M. R., and Fairhurst, D. J.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter
Abstract

We demonstrate that the ubiquitous laboratory magnetic stirrer provides a simple passive method of magnetic levitation, in which the so-called `flea' levitates indefinitely. We study the onset of levitation and quantify the flea's motion (a combination of vertical oscillation, spinning and "waggling"), finding excellent agreement with a mechanical analytical model. The waggling motion drives recirculating flow, producing a centripetal reaction force that stabilises the flea. Our findings have implications for the locomotion of artificial swimmers, for the development of bidirectional microfluidic pumps and provide an alternative to sophisticated commercial levitators., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, SI material included as pdf

Published
2018
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4. The EXO-200 detector, part I: Detector design and construction

Author

Auger, M., Auty, D. J., Barbeau, P. S., Bartoszek, L., Baussan, E., Beauchamp, E., Benitez-Medina, C., Breidenbach, M., Chauhan, D., Cleveland, B., Conley, R., Cook, J., Cook, S., Coppens, A., Craddock, W., Daniels, T., Davis, C. G., Davis, J., deVoe, R., Dobi, A., Dolinski, M. J., Dunford, M., Fairbank Jr, W., Farine, J., Fierlinger, P., Franco, D., Giroux, G., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Hagemann, C., Hall, C., Hall, K., Hargrove, C., Herrin, S., Hodgson, J., Hughes, M., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Kirk, J., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Leonard, D. S., Leonard, F., LePort, F., Mackay, D., MacLellan, R., Marino, M., Merkle, K., Mong, B., Díez, M. Montero, Müller, A. R., Neilson, R., Odian, A., O'Sullivan, K., Ouellet, C., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Pushkin, K., Rivas, A., Rollin, E., Rowson, P. C., Sabourov, A., Sinclair, D., Skarpaas, K., Slutsky, S., Stekhanov, V., Strickland, V., Swift, M., Tosi, D., Twelker, K., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Vuilleumier, J. -M., Walton, T., Weber, M., Wichoski, U., Wodin, J., Wright, J. D., Yang, L., and Yen, Y. -R.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

EXO-200 is an experiment designed to search for double beta decay of $^{136}$Xe with a single-phase, liquid xenon detector. It uses an active mass of 110 kg of xenon enriched to 80.6% in the isotope 136 in an ultra-low background time projection chamber capable of simultaneous detection of ionization and scintillation. This paper describes the EXO-200 detector with particular attention to the most innovative aspects of the design that revolve around the reduction of backgrounds, the efficient use of the expensive isotopically enriched xenon, and the optimization of the energy resolution in a relatively large volume.

Published
2012
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5. Xenon purity analysis for EXO-200 via mass spectrometry

Author

Dobi, A., Hall, C., Slutsky, S., Yen, Y. -R., Aharmin, B., Auger, M., Barbeau, P. S., Benitez-Medina, C., Breidenbach, M., Cleveland, B., Conley, R., Cook, J., Cook, S., Counts, I., Craddock, W., Daniels, T., Davis, C. G., Davis, J., deVoe, R., Dixit, M., Dolinski, M. J., Donato, K., Fairbank Jr., W., Farine, J., Fierlinger, P., Franco, D., Giroux, G., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Green, C., Hagemann, C., Hall, K., Hallman, D., Hargrove, C., Herrin, S., Hughes, M., Hodgson, J., Juget, F., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K., Leonard, D. S., Lutter, G., Mackay, D., MacLellan, R., Marino, M., Mong, B., Díez, M. Montero, Morgan, P., Müller, A. R., Neilson, R., Odian, A., O'Sullivan, K., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Pushkin, K., Rivas, A., Rollin, E., Rowson, P. C., Sabourov, A., Sinclair, D., Skarpaas, K., Stekhanov, V., Strickland, V., Swift, M., Twelker, K., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Vuilleumier, J. -M., Weber, M., Wichoski, U., Wodin, J., Wright, J. D., and Yang, L.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We describe purity measurements of the natural and enriched xenon stockpiles used by the EXO-200 double beta decay experiment based on a mass spectrometry technique. The sensitivity of the spectrometer is enhanced by several orders of magnitude by the presence of a liquid nitrogen cold trap, and many impurity species of interest can be detected at the level of one part-per-billion or better. We have used the technique to screen the EXO-200 xenon before, during, and after its use in our detector, and these measurements have proven useful. This is the first application of the cold trap mass spectrometry technique to an operating physics experiment., Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures

Published
2011
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6. Observation of Two-Neutrino Double-Beta Decay in Xe-136 with EXO-200

Author

Ackerman, N., Aharmim, B., Auger, M., Auty, D. J., Barbeau, P. S., Barry, K., Bartoszek, L., Beauchamp, E., Belov, V., Benitez-Medina, C., Breidenbach, M., Burenkov, A., Cleveland, B., Conley, R., Conti, E., Cook, J., Cook, S., Coppens, A., Counts, I., Craddock, W., Daniels, T., Danilov, M. V., Davis, C. G., Davis, J., deVoe, R., Djurcic, Z., Dobi, A., Dolgolenko, A. G., Dolinski, M. J., Donato, K., Fairbank Jr., W., Farine, J., Fierlinger, P., Franco, D., Freytag, D., Giroux, G., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Green, M. P., Hagemann, C., Hall, C., Hall, K., Haller, G., Hargrove, C., Herbst, R., Herrin, S., Hodgson, J., Hughes, M., Johnson, A., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Koffas, T., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, A., Kumar, K. S., Leonard, D. S., Leonard, F., LePort, F., Mackay, D., MacLellan, R., Marino, M., Martin, Y., Mong, B., Diez, M. Montero, Morgan, P., Muller, A. R., Neilson, R., Nelson, R., Odian, A., O'Sullivan, K., Ouellet, C., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Pushkin, K., Rivas, A., Rollin, E., Rowson, P. C., Russell, J. J., Sabourov, A., Sinclair, D., Skarpaas, K., Slutsky, S., Stekhanov, V., Strickland, V., Swift, M., Tosi, D., Twelker, K., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Vuilleumier, J. -M., Waite, A., Waldman, S., Walton, T., Wamba, K., Weber, M., Wichoski, U., Wodin, J., Wright, J. D., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., and Zeldovich, O. Ya.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We report the observation of two-neutrino double-beta decay in Xe-136 with T_1/2 = 2.11 +- 0.04 (stat.) +- 0.21 (sys.) x 10^21 yr. This second order process, predicted by the Standard Model, has been observed for several nuclei but not for Xe-136. The observed decay rate provides new input to matrix element calculations and to the search for the more interesting neutrino-less double-beta decay, the most sensitive probe for the existence of Majorana particles and the measurement of the neutrino mass scale.

Published
2011
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7. A magnetically-driven piston pump for ultra-clean applications

Author

LePort, F., Neilson, R., Barbeau, P. S., Barry, K., Bartoszek, L., Counts, I., Davis, J., deVoe, R., Dolinski, M. J., Gratta, G., Green, M., Díez, M. Montero, Müller, A. R., O'Sullivan, K., Rivas, A., Twelker, K., Aharmim, B., Auger, M., Belov, V., Benitez-Medina, C., Breidenbach, M., Burenkov, A., Cleveland, B., Conley, R., Cook, J., Cook, S., Craddock, W., Daniels, T., Dixit, M., Dobi, A., Donato, K., Fairbank Jr., W., Farine, J., Fierlinger, P., Franco, D., Giroux, G., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Green, C., Hägemann, C., Hall, C., Hall, K., Hallman, D., Hargrove, C., Herrin, S., Hughes, M., Hodgson, J., Juget, F., Kaufman, L. J., Karelin, A., Ku, J., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K., Leonard, D. S., Lutter, G., Mackay, D., MacLellan, R., Marino, M., Mong, B., Morgan, P., Odian, A., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Pushkin, K., Rollin, E., Rowson, P. C., Schmoll, B., Sinclair, D., Skarpaas, K., Slutsky, S., Stekhanov, V., Strickland, V., Swift, M., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Vuilleumier, J. -M., Wichoski, U., Wodin, J., Yang, L., and Yen, Y. -R.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

A magnetically driven piston pump for xenon gas recirculation is presented. The pump is designed to satisfy extreme purity and containment requirements, as is appropriate for the recirculation of isotopically enriched xenon through the purification system and large liquid xenon TPC of EXO-200. The pump, using sprung polymer gaskets, is capable of pumping more than 16 standard liters per minute (SLPM) of xenon gas with 750 torr differential pressure., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures

Published
2011
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8. Scaling forces to asteroid surfaces: The role of cohesion

Author

Scheeres, D. J., Hartzell, C. M., Sanchez, P., and Swift, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The scaling of physical forces to the extremely low ambient gravitational acceleration regimes found on the surfaces of small asteroids is performed. Resulting from this, it is found that van der Waals cohesive forces between regolith grains on asteroid surfaces should be a dominant force and compete with particle weights and be greater, in general, than electrostatic and solar radiation pressure forces. Based on this scaling, we interpret previous experiments performed on cohesive powders in the terrestrial environment as being relevant for the understanding of processes on asteroid surfaces. The implications of these terrestrial experiments for interpreting observations of asteroid surfaces and macro-porosity are considered, and yield interpretations that differ from previously assumed processes for these environments. Based on this understanding, we propose a new model for the end state of small, rapidly rotating asteroids which allows them to be comprised of relatively fine regolith grains held together by van der Waals cohesive forces., Comment: 54 pages, 7 figures

Published
2010
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12. Masting is uncommon in trees that depend on mutualist dispersers in the context of global climate and fertility gradients

Author

Qiu, T, Aravena, MC, Ascoli, D, Bergeron, Y, Bogdziewicz, M, Boivin, T, Bonal, R, Caignard, T, Cailleret, M, Calama, R, Calderon, SD, Camarero, JJ, Chang-Yang, CH, Chave, J, Chianucci, F, Courbaud, B, Cutini, A, Das, AJ, Delpierre, N, Delzon, S, Dietze, M, Dormont, L, Espelta, JM, Fahey, TJ, Farfan-Rios, W, Franklin, JF, Gehring, CA, Gilbert, GS, Gratzer, G, Greenberg, CH, Guignabert, A, Guo, Q, Hacket-Pain, A, Hampe, A, Han, Q, Holik, J, Hoshizaki, K, Ibanez, I, Johnstone, JF, Journé, V, Kitzberger, T, Knops, JMH, Kunstler, G, Kurokawa, H, Lageard, J, LaMontagne, JM, Lefevre, F, Leininger, T, Limousin, JM, Lutz, JA, Macias, D, Marell, A, McIntire, EJB, Moore, CM, Moran, E, Motta, R, Myers, JA, Nagel, TA, Naoe, S, Noguchi, M, Oguro, M, Parmenter, R, Pearse, IS, Perez-Ramos, IM, Piechnik, L, Podgorski, T, Poulsen, J, Redmond, MD, Reid, CD, Rodman, KC, Rodriguez-Sanchez, F, Samonil, P, Sanguinetti, JD, Scher, CL, Seget, B, Sharma, S, Shibata, M, Silman, M, Steele, MA, Stephenson, NL, Straub, JN, Sutton, S, Swenson, JJ, Swift, M, Thomas, PA, Uriarte, M, Vacchiano, G, Whipple, AV, Whitham, TG, Wion, AP, Wright, SJ, Zhu, K, Zimmerman, JK, Zywiec, M, Clark, JS, Qiu, T, Aravena, MC, Ascoli, D, Bergeron, Y, Bogdziewicz, M, Boivin, T, Bonal, R, Caignard, T, Cailleret, M, Calama, R, Calderon, SD, Camarero, JJ, Chang-Yang, CH, Chave, J, Chianucci, F, Courbaud, B, Cutini, A, Das, AJ, Delpierre, N, Delzon, S, Dietze, M, Dormont, L, Espelta, JM, Fahey, TJ, Farfan-Rios, W, Franklin, JF, Gehring, CA, Gilbert, GS, Gratzer, G, Greenberg, CH, Guignabert, A, Guo, Q, Hacket-Pain, A, Hampe, A, Han, Q, Holik, J, Hoshizaki, K, Ibanez, I, Johnstone, JF, Journé, V, Kitzberger, T, Knops, JMH, Kunstler, G, Kurokawa, H, Lageard, J, LaMontagne, JM, Lefevre, F, Leininger, T, Limousin, JM, Lutz, JA, Macias, D, Marell, A, McIntire, EJB, Moore, CM, Moran, E, Motta, R, Myers, JA, Nagel, TA, Naoe, S, Noguchi, M, Oguro, M, Parmenter, R, Pearse, IS, Perez-Ramos, IM, Piechnik, L, Podgorski, T, Poulsen, J, Redmond, MD, Reid, CD, Rodman, KC, Rodriguez-Sanchez, F, Samonil, P, Sanguinetti, JD, Scher, CL, Seget, B, Sharma, S, Shibata, M, Silman, M, Steele, MA, Stephenson, NL, Straub, JN, Sutton, S, Swenson, JJ, Swift, M, Thomas, PA, Uriarte, M, Vacchiano, G, Whipple, AV, Whitham, TG, Wion, AP, Wright, SJ, Zhu, K, Zimmerman, JK, Zywiec, M, and Clark, JS

Abstract

The benefits of masting (volatile, quasi-synchronous seed production at lagged intervals) include satiation of seed predators, but these benefits come with a cost to mutualist pollen and seed dispersers. If the evolution of masting represents a balance between these benefits and costs, we expect mast avoidance in species that are heavily reliant on mutualist dispersers. These effects play out in the context of variable climate and site fertility among species that vary widely in nutrient demand. Meta-analyses of published data have focused on variation at the population scale, thus omitting periodicity within trees and synchronicity between trees. From raw data on 12 million tree-years worldwide, we quantified three components of masting that have not previously been analysed together: (i) volatility, defined as the frequency-weighted year-to-year variation; (ii) periodicity, representing the lag between high-seed years; and (iii) synchronicity, indicating the tree-to-tree correlation. Results show that mast avoidance (low volatility and low synchronicity) by species dependent on mutualist dispersers explains more variation than any other effect. Nutrient-demanding species have low volatility, and species that are most common on nutrient-rich and warm/wet sites exhibit short periods. The prevalence of masting in cold/dry sites coincides with climatic conditions where dependence on vertebrate dispersers is less common than in the wet tropics. Mutualist dispersers neutralize the benefits of masting for predator satiation, further balancing the effects of climate, site fertility and nutrient demands.

Published
2023

13. Mobile phone-based asthma self-management aid for adolescents (mASMAA): a feasibility study

Author

Rhee H, Allen J, Mammen J, and Swift M

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Hyekyun Rhee,1 James Allen,2 Jennifer Mammen,1 Mary Swift21School of Nursing, 2Department of Computer Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USAPurpose: Adolescents report high asthma-related morbidity that can be prevented by adequate self-management of the disease. Therefore, there is a need for a developmentally appropriate strategy to promote effective asthma self-management. Mobile phone-based technology is portable, commonly accessible, and well received by adolescents. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a comprehensive mobile phone-based asthma self-management aid for adolescents (mASMAA) that was designed to facilitate symptom monitoring, treatment adherence, and adolescent–parent partnership. The system used state-of-the-art natural language-understanding technology that allowed teens to use unconstrained English in their texts, and to self-initiate interactions with the system.Materials and methods: mASMAA was developed based on an existing natural dialogue system that supports broad coverage of everyday natural conversation in English. Fifteen adolescent–parent dyads participated in a 2-week trial that involved adolescents' daily scheduled and unscheduled interactions with mASMAA and parents responding to daily reports on adolescents' asthma condition automatically generated by mASMAA. Subsequently, four focus groups were conducted to systematically obtain user feedback on the system. Frequency data on the daily usage of mASMAA over the 2-week period were tabulated, and content analysis was conducted for focus group interview data.Results: Response rates for daily text messages were 81%–97% in adolescents. The average number of self-initiated messages to mASMAA was 19 per adolescent. Symptoms were the most common topic of teen-initiated messages. Participants concurred that use of mASMAA improved awareness of symptoms and triggers, promoted treatment adherence and sense of control, and facilitated adolescent–parent partnerships.Conclusion: This study demonstrates the utility and user acceptability of mASMAA as a potential asthma self-management tool in a selective group of adolescents. Further research is needed to replicate the findings in a large group of adolescents from sociodemographically diverse backgrounds to validate the findings.Keywords: asthma, self-management, text messaging, adolescents

Published
2014

14. Limits to reproduction and seed size-number trade-offs that shape forest dominance and future recovery

Author

Qiu, T, Andrus, R, Aravena, MC, Ascoli, D, Bergeron, Y, Berretti, R, Berveiller, D, Bogdziewicz, M, Boivin, T, Bonal, R, Bragg, DC, Caignard, T, Calama, R, Camarero, JJ, Chang-Yang, CH, Cleavitt, NL, Courbaud, B, Courbet, F, Curt, T, Das, AJ, Daskalakou, E, Davi, H, Delpierre, N, Delzon, S, Dietze, M, Calderon, SD, Dormont, L, Espelta, J, Fahey, TJ, Farfan-Rios, W, Gehring, CA, Gilbert, GS, Gratzer, G, Greenberg, CH, Guo, Q, Hacket-Pain, A, Hampe, A, Han, Q, Hille Ris Lambers, J, Hoshizaki, K, Ibanez, I, Johnstone, JF, Journé, V, Kabeya, D, Kilner, CL, Kitzberger, T, Knops, JMH, Kobe, RK, Kunstler, G, Lageard, JGA, LaMontagne, JM, Ledwon, M, Lefevre, F, Leininger, T, Limousin, JM, Lutz, JA, Macias, D, McIntire, EJB, Moore, CM, Moran, E, Motta, R, Myers, JA, Nagel, TA, Noguchi, K, Ourcival, JM, Parmenter, R, Pearse, IS, Perez-Ramos, IM, Piechnik, L, Poulsen, J, Poulton-Kamakura, R, Redmond, MD, Reid, CD, Rodman, KC, Rodriguez-Sanchez, F, Sanguinetti, JD, Scher, CL, Schlesinger, WH, Schmidt Van Marle, H, Seget, B, Sharma, S, Silman, M, Steele, MA, Stephenson, NL, Straub, JN, Sun, IF, Sutton, S, Swenson, JJ, Swift, M, Thomas, PA, Uriarte, M, Vacchiano, G, Veblen, TT, Whipple, AV, Whitham, TG, Wion, AP, Wright, B, Wright, SJ, Zhu, K, Zimmerman, JK, Qiu, T, Andrus, R, Aravena, MC, Ascoli, D, Bergeron, Y, Berretti, R, Berveiller, D, Bogdziewicz, M, Boivin, T, Bonal, R, Bragg, DC, Caignard, T, Calama, R, Camarero, JJ, Chang-Yang, CH, Cleavitt, NL, Courbaud, B, Courbet, F, Curt, T, Das, AJ, Daskalakou, E, Davi, H, Delpierre, N, Delzon, S, Dietze, M, Calderon, SD, Dormont, L, Espelta, J, Fahey, TJ, Farfan-Rios, W, Gehring, CA, Gilbert, GS, Gratzer, G, Greenberg, CH, Guo, Q, Hacket-Pain, A, Hampe, A, Han, Q, Hille Ris Lambers, J, Hoshizaki, K, Ibanez, I, Johnstone, JF, Journé, V, Kabeya, D, Kilner, CL, Kitzberger, T, Knops, JMH, Kobe, RK, Kunstler, G, Lageard, JGA, LaMontagne, JM, Ledwon, M, Lefevre, F, Leininger, T, Limousin, JM, Lutz, JA, Macias, D, McIntire, EJB, Moore, CM, Moran, E, Motta, R, Myers, JA, Nagel, TA, Noguchi, K, Ourcival, JM, Parmenter, R, Pearse, IS, Perez-Ramos, IM, Piechnik, L, Poulsen, J, Poulton-Kamakura, R, Redmond, MD, Reid, CD, Rodman, KC, Rodriguez-Sanchez, F, Sanguinetti, JD, Scher, CL, Schlesinger, WH, Schmidt Van Marle, H, Seget, B, Sharma, S, Silman, M, Steele, MA, Stephenson, NL, Straub, JN, Sun, IF, Sutton, S, Swenson, JJ, Swift, M, Thomas, PA, Uriarte, M, Vacchiano, G, Veblen, TT, Whipple, AV, Whitham, TG, Wion, AP, Wright, B, Wright, SJ, Zhu, K, and Zimmerman, JK

Abstract

The relationships that control seed production in trees are fundamental to understanding the evolution of forest species and their capacity to recover from increasing losses to drought, fire, and harvest. A synthesis of fecundity data from 714 species worldwide allowed us to examine hypotheses that are central to quantifying reproduction, a foundation for assessing fitness in forest trees. Four major findings emerged. First, seed production is not constrained by a strict trade-off between seed size and numbers. Instead, seed numbers vary over ten orders of magnitude, with species that invest in large seeds producing more seeds than expected from the 1:1 trade-off. Second, gymnosperms have lower seed production than angiosperms, potentially due to their extra investments in protective woody cones. Third, nutrient-demanding species, indicated by high foliar phosphorus concentrations, have low seed production. Finally, sensitivity of individual species to soil fertility varies widely, limiting the response of community seed production to fertility gradients. In combination, these findings can inform models of forest response that need to incorporate reproductive potential.

Published
2022

31. Brazil Nuts on Eros: Size-Sorting of Asteroid Regolith

Author

Asphaug, E, King, P. J, Swift, M. R, and Merrifield, M. R

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

We consider the hypothesis that frequent cratering produces size- or compositionally-sorted asteroid regolith, affecting the structure, texture, and in extreme cases the shape of asteroids. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.

Published
2001

32. Magnetic Levitation Stabilized by Streaming Fluid Flows

Author

Baldwin, K.A., de Fouchier, J.-B., Atkinson, P.S., Hill, R.J.A., Swift, M.R., Fairhurst, D.J., Baldwin, K.?A., Atkinson, P.?S., Hill, R.?J.?A., Swift, M.?R., and Fairhurst, D.?J.

Abstract

We demonstrate that the ubiquitous laboratory magnetic stirrer provides a simple passive method of magnetic levitation, in which the so-called ‘flea’ levitates indefinitely. We study the onset of levitation and quantify the flea’s motion (a combination of vertical oscillation, spinning and “waggling”), finding excellent agreement with a mechanical analytical model. The waggling motion drives recirculating flow, producing a centripetal reaction force that stabilises the flea. Our findings have implications for the locomotion of artificial swimmers, for the development of bidirectional microfluidic pumps and provide an alternative to sophisticated commercial levitators.

Published
2018

33. Sensory neuronal sensitisation occurs through HMGB-1/RAGE and TRPV1 in high glucose conditions

Author

Bestall, SM, Hulse, RP, Blackley, Z, Swift, M, Ved, N, Paton, K, Beazley-Long, N, Bates, DO, and Donaldson, LF

Subjects
HMGB1, nervous system, Nociceptor, RAGE, Sensitization
Abstract

Many potential causes for painful diabetic neuropathy have been proposed including actions of cytokines and growth factors. High mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) is a RAGE agonist, increased in diabetes, that contributes to pain by modulating peripheral inflammatory responses. HMGB1 enhances nociceptive behaviour in naïve animals through an unknown mechanism. We tested the hypothesis that HMGB1 causes pain through direct neuronal activation of RAGE and alteration of nociceptive neuronal responsiveness. HMGB1 and RAGE expression were increased in skin and primary sensory (DRG) neurons of diabetic rats at times when pain behaviour was enhanced. Agonist-evoked TRPV1-mediated calcium responses increased in cultured DRG neurons from diabetic rats and in neurons from naïve rats exposed to high glucose concentrations. HMGB1-mediated increases in TRPV1-evoked calcium responses in DRG neurons were RAGE and PKC-dependent, and this was blocked by co-administration of the growth factor splice variant, VEGF-A165b. Pain behaviour and DRG RAGE expression increases were blocked by VEGF-A 165 b treatment of diabetic rats in vivo. HMGB-1-RAGE activation sensitizes DRG neurons in vitro. VEGF-A165b blocks HMGB-1/RAGE DRG activation, which may contribute to its analgesic properties in vivo.

Published
2018

37. Path Planning for Multi-Object Push Problems in Continuous Domain

Author

fitch, R, Katupitiya, J, Whitty, M, Swift, M, Jayakody, H, fitch, R, Katupitiya, J, Whitty, M, Swift, M, and Jayakody, H

Abstract

The task of bulldozing has many aspects that need more research before they can be fully automated. This paper presents a new method for calculating a path for vehicles tasked with pushing multiple objects to multiple goal locations. Unlike previous approaches which either focus on a single object, apply both push and pull operations, or operate in discrete domain, this solution works in a continuous space whilst handling multiple objects in a push-only scenario and doesn’t use computationally heavy methods to find a potential path planning solution. To achieve the results, two graph structures, one for the active vehicle and one for the passive pushable objects, is used. These graphs are then combined with an A* Search Algorithm to find a correct path for the bulldozer to take. The algorithm is tested on a Microban problem set which results in a 96% success rate.

Published
2019

42. Linear hyperfine tuning of donor spins in silicon using hydrostatic strain

Author

Mansir, J., Conti, P., Zeng, Z., Pla, J., Bertet, P., Swift, M., van de Walle, C., Thewalt, M. l. w., Sklenard, B., Niquet, Y., Morton, J. j., London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College of London [London] (UCL), Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux (MEM), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, University of California [Santa Barbara] (UC Santa Barbara), University of California (UC), University of Northern British Columbia [Prince George] (UNBC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), ANR-15-CE30-0022,QIPSE,Information Quantique avec des Ensembles de Spins(2015), European Project: 688539,H2020,H2020-ICT-2015,MOS-QUITO(2016), European Project: 279781,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-StG_20101014,ASCENT(2011), European Project: 615767,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-CoG,CIRQUSS(2014), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), and University of California

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), FOS: Physical sciences, Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Abstract

International audience; We experimentally study the coupling of group V donor spins in silicon to mechanical strain, and measure strain-induced frequency shifts that are linear in strain, in contrast to the quadratic dependence predicted by the valley repopulation model (VRM), and therefore orders of magnitude greater than that predicted by the VRM for small strains |$\varepsilon$| < 10$^{−5}$. Through both tight-binding and first principles calculations we find that these shifts arise from a linear tuning of the donor hyperfine interaction term by the hydrostatic component of strain and achieve semiquantitative agreement with the experimental values. Our results provide a framework for making quantitative predictions of donor spins in silicon nano-structures, such as those being used to develop silicon-based quantum processors and memories. The strong spin-strain coupling we measure (up to 150 GHz per strain, for Bi donors in Si) offers a method for donor spin tuning-shifting Bi donor electron spins by over a linewidth with a hydrostatic strain of order 10$^{−6}-$as well as opportunities for coupling to mechanical resonators.

Published
2017
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45. Agricultural Strategies

Author

Massey, Herbert F., Matson, P. A., Parton, W. J., Power, A. G., and Swift, M. J.

Published
1997

49. POSTERS (2)96CONTINUOUS VERSUS INTERMITTENT MONITORING FOR DETECTION OF SUBCLINICAL ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN HIGH-RISK PATIENTS97HIGH DAY-TO-DAY INTRA-INDIVIDUAL REPRODUCIBILITY OF THE HEART RATE RESPONSE TO EXERCISE IN THE UK BIOBANK DATA98USE OF NOVEL GLOBAL ULTRASOUND IMAGING AND CONTINUEOUS DIPOLE DENSITY MAPPING TO GUIDE ABLATION IN MACRO-REENTRANT TACHYCARDIAS99ANTICOAGULATION AND THE RISK OF COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING VT AND PVC ABLATION100NON-SUSTAINED VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA FREQUENTLY PRECEDES CARDIAC ARREST IN PATIENTS WITH BRUGADA SYNDROME101USING HIGH PRECISION HAEMODYNAMIC MEASUREMENTS TO ASSESS DIFFERENCES IN AV OPTIMUM BETWEEN DIFFERENT LEFT VENTRICULAR LEAD POSITIONS IN BIVENTRICULAR PACING102CAN WE PREDICT MEDIUM TERM MORTALITY FROM TRANSVENOUS LEAD EXTRACTION PRE-OPERATIVELY?103PREVENTION OF UNECESSARY ADMISSIONS IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION104EPICARDIAL CATHETER ABLATION FOR VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA ON UNINTERRUPTED WARFARIN: A SAFE APPROACH?105HOW WELL DOES THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CLINICAL EXCELLENCE (NICE) GUIDENCE ON TRANSIENT LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS (T-LoC) WORK IN A REAL WORLD? AN AUDIT OF THE SECOND STAGE SPECIALIST CARDIOVASCULAT ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS106DETECTION OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN COMMUNITY LOCATIONS USING NOVEL TECHNOLOGY'S AS A METHOD OF STROKE PREVENTION IN THE OVER 65'S ASYMPTOMATIC POPULATION - SHOULD IT BECOME STANDARD PRACTISE?107HIGH-DOSE ISOPRENALINE INFUSION AS A METHOD OF INDUCTION OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: A MULTI-CENTRE, PLACEBO CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL IN PATIENTS WITH VARYING ARRHYTHMIC RISK108PACEMAKER COMPLICATIONS IN A DISTRICT GENERAL HOSPITAL109CARDIAC RESYNCHRONISATION THERAPY: A TRADE-OFF BETWEEN LEFT VENTRICULAR VOLTAGE OUTPUT AND EJECTION FRACTION?110RAPID DETERIORATION IN LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION AND ACUTE HEART FAILURE AFTER DUAL CHAMBER PACEMAKER INSERTION WITH RESOLUTION FOLLOWING BIVENTRICULAR PACING111LOCALLY PERSONALISED ATRIAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY MODELS FROM PENTARAY CATHETER MEASUREMENTS112EVALUATION OF SUBCUTANEOUS ICD VERSUS TRANSVENOUS ICD- A PROPENSITY MATCHED COST-EFFICACY ANALYSIS OF COMPLICATIONS & OUTCOMES113LOCALISING DRIVERS USING ORGANISATIONAL INDEX IN CONTACT MAPPING OF HUMAN PERSISTENT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION114RISK FACTORS FOR SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH IN PAEDIATRIC HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS115EFFECT OF CATHETER STABILITY AND CONTACT FORCE ON VISITAG DENSITY DURING PULMONARY VEIN ISOLATION116HEPATIC CAPSULE ENHANCEMENT IS COMMONLY SEEN DURING MR-GUIDED ABLATION OF ATRIAL FLUTTER: A MECHANISTIC INSIGHT INTO PROCEDURAL PAIN117DOES HIGHER CONTACT FORCE IMPAIR LESION FORMATION AT THE CAVOTRICUSPID ISTHMUS? INSIGHTS FROM MR-GUIDED ABLATION OF ATRIAL FLUTTER118CLINICAL CHARACTERISATION OF A MALIGNANT SCN5A MUTATION IN CHILDHOOD119RADIOFREQUENCY ASSOCIATED VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION120CONTRACTILE RESERVE EXPRESSED AS SYSTOLIC VELOCITY DOES NOT PREDICT RESPONSE TO CRT121DAY-CASE DEVICES - A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY USING PATIENT CODING DATA122PATIENTS UNDERGOING SVT ABLATION HAVE A HIGH INCIDENCE OF SECONDARY ARRHYTHMIA ON FOLLOW UP: IMPLICATIONS FOR PRE-PROCEDURE COUNSELLING123PROGNOSTIC ROLE OF HAEMOGLOBINN AND RED BLOOD CELL DITRIBUTION WIDTH IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE UNDERGOING CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY124REMOTE MONITORING AND FOLLOW UP DEVICES125A 20-YEAR, SINGLE-CENTRE EXPERIENCE OF IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATORS (ICD) IN CHILDREN: TIME TO CONSIDER THE SUBCUTANEOUS ICD?126EXPERIENCE OF MAGNETIC REASONANCE IMAGING (MEI) IN PATIENTS WITH MRI CONDITIONAL DEVICES127THE SINUS BRADYCARDIA SEEN IN ATHLETES IS NOT CAUSED BY ENHANCED VAGAL TONE BUT INSTEAD REFLECTS INTRINSIC CHANGES IN THE SINUS NODE REVEALED BY I (F) BLOCKADE128SUCCESSFUL DAY-CASE PACEMAKER IMPLANTATION - AN EIGHT YEAR SINGLE-CENTRE EXPERIENCE129LEFT VENTRICULAR INDEX MASS ASSOCIATED WITH ESC HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY RISK SCORE IN PATIENTS WITH ICDs: A TERTIARY CENTRE HCM REGISTRY130A DGH EXPERIENCE OF DAY-CASE CARDIAC PACEMAKER IMPLANTATION131IS PRE-PROCEDURAL FASTING A NECESSITY FOR SAFE PACEMAKER IMPLANTATION?

Author

Philippsen, T., primary, Orini, M., primary, Martin, C.A., primary, Volkova, E., primary, Ormerod, J.O.M., primary, Sohaib, S.M.A., primary, Elamin, N., primary, Blake, Sarah, primary, Sawhney, V.S., primary, Ahmad, Saqib, primary, Waring, O.A.W., primary, Bowers, R.W., primary, Raiman, L., primary, Hazelwood, T.A.H., primary, Mills, R.K., primary, Corrado, C., primary, Honarbakhsh, S., primary, Von Maydell, A., primary, Norrish, G., primary, Chubb, H., primary, Toledano, M.T., primary, Ruiz, A., primary, van Zalen, J.J., primary, Foley, P.W., primary, Pearman, C.M., primary, Rehal, O., primary, Wong, L., primary, Brahmbhatt, D.H., primary, Khan, H., primary, Wardley, J., primary, Akbar, S., primary, Christensen, L.S., additional, Hansen, M.G., additional, Brandes, A., additional, Tinker, A., additional, Munroe, P.B., additional, Lambiase, P.D., additional, Honarbakhsh, S., additional, McLean, A., additional, Schilling, R.J., additional, Lane, J.D., additional, Chow, A., additional, Earley, M., additional, Hunter, R., additional, Khan, F., additional, Lambiase, P., additional, Sporton, S., additional, Dhinoja, M., additional, Camm, C.F., additional, Xavier, R., additional, de Sousa, M., additional, Betts, T.R., additional, Shun-Shin, M.J., additional, Wright, I., additional, Lim, E., additional, Lim, P.B., additional, Koawing, M., additional, Lefroy, D.C., additional, Linton, N.W.F., additional, Davies, D.W., additional, Peters, N.S., additional, Kanagaratnam, P., additional, Francis, D., additional, Whinnett, Z.I., additional, Khan, M., additional, Bowes, R., additional, Sahu, J., additional, Sheridan, P., additional, Rogers, D., additional, Kyriacou, A., additional, Kelland, N., additional, Lewis, N., additional, Lee, J., additional, Segall, E.T., additional, Diab, I., additional, Breitenstein, A.B., additional, Ullah, W.U., additional, Sporton, S.S., additional, Earley, M.E., additional, Finlay, M.F., additional, Dhinoja, M.D., additional, Schilling, R.J.S., additional, Hunter, R.H., additional, Ahmed, M, additional, Petkar, Sanjiv, additional, Davidson, N.C.D., additional, Stout, M.S., additional, Pearce, KP, additional, Leo, M., additional, Ginks, M.R., additional, Rajappan, K., additional, Bashir, Y., additional, Balasubramaniam, R.N., additional, Sopher, S.M., additional, Paisey, J.R., additional, Cheong, J., additional, Roy, D., additional, Adhya, S., additional, Williams, S., additional, O'Neill, M., additional, Niederer, S., additional, Providencia, R., additional, Srinivasan, N., additional, Ahsan, S., additional, Lowe, M., additional, Segal, O., additional, Hunter, R.J., additional, Finlay, M., additional, Earley, M.J., additional, Stella, S.E., additional, Cantwell, C.D., additional, Chowdhury, R.A., additional, Kim, S., additional, Linton, N., additional, Whinnett, Z., additional, Koa-Wing, M., additional, Lefroy, D., additional, Davies, D. Wyn, additional, Lim, P. Boon, additional, Qureshi, N., additional, Cantarutti, N.C., additional, Limongelli, G., additional, Elliott, P., additional, Kaski, J.P., additional, Williams, S.E., additional, Lal, K., additional, Harrison, J., additional, Whitaker, J., additional, Kiedrowicz, R., additional, Wright, M., additional, Schaeffter, T., additional, Razavi, R., additional, Karim, R., additional, Montanes, M.E.M., additional, Ella Field, E.F., additional, Walsh, H.W., additional, Callaghan, N.C., additional, Till, J.T., additional, Mangat, J.M., additional, Lowe, M.L., additional, Kaski, J.P.K., additional, Ruiz Duthil, A.D., additional, Li, A., additional, Saba, M.M., additional, Patel, N., additional, Beale, L., additional, Brickley, G, additional, Lloyd, G., additional, French, A., additional, Khavandi, A., additional, McCrea, W., additional, Barnes, E., additional, Chandrasekaran, B., additional, Parry, J., additional, Garth, L., additional, Chapman, J., additional, Todd, D., additional, Hobbs, J., additional, Modi, S., additional, Waktare, J., additional, Hall, M., additional, Gupta, D., additional, Snowdon, R., additional, Papageorgiou, N., additional, Providência, R., additional, Falconer, D., additional, Sewart, E., additional, Segal, O.R., additional, Ezzat, V., additional, Rowland, E., additional, Swift, M., additional, Charlton, P., additional, James, J., additional, Colling, A., additional, Starling, L., additional, Kontogeorgis, A., additional, Roses-Noguer, F., additional, Wong, T., additional, Jarman, J., additional, Clague, J., additional, Till, J., additional, Hawkins, M., additional, Burnell, S., additional, Coulson, J., additional, Smith, L.C., additional, Choudhury, M., additional, Oguguo, E., additional, Boyett, M., additional, Morris, G.M., additional, Flinn, W.L., additional, Chari, A., additional, Belham, M.R.D., additional, Pugh, P.J., additional, Somarakis, K, additional, Parasa, R, additional, Allata, A, additional, Hashim, H, additional, Mathew, T, additional, Kayasundar, S., additional, Venables, P., additional, Quinn, J., additional, Ivanova, J., additional, Brown, S., additional, Oliver, R., additional, Lyons, M., additional, Chuen, M., additional, Walsh, J., additional, Robinson, T., additional, Staniforth, A., additional, Ahsan, A., additional, and Jamil-Copley, S., additional

Published
2016
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50. Design and modeling of submersible fish cages with copper netting for open ocean aquaculture

Author

Drach, Andrew, Tsukrov, Igor, Decew, Judson, Robinson Swift, M., Celikkol, Barbaros, and Hurtado, Carlos F.

Subjects
copper alloy net, offshore aquaculture, submersible fish cage, design, finite element analysis, Finite element method, Marine engineering, Matemàtiques i estadística::Anàlisi numèrica::Mètodes en elements finits [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC]
Abstract

Open ocean aquaculture is a rapidly growing industry with the potential to satisfy the global seafood demand in the environment of declining wild fish harvesting. However, technologies developed for inshore aquaculture are not easily transferrable to the exposed fish farm locations. In particular, the structural integrity of fish cage/mooring systems, and the high cost of the maintenance (cleaning of the biofouled netting) are two major concerns in the engineering for open ocean aquaculture. This paper deals with introduction of copper alloy nets in open ocean aquaculture as a new technology to reduce biofouling, improve cage volume stability, its structural strength, and to provide additional protection from predators. Copper alloys have natural resistance to corrosion and biofouling combined with high strength and stiffness. However, these materials have higher density, different hydrodynamic properties and structural characteristics when compared to traditionally used nylon nets. The paper presents novel design and fabrication procedures needed for engineering of the offshore fish farms utilizing copper alloy netting. These procedures are illustrated on a commercial size gravity-type offshore fish cage, which was designed and successfully deployed in the Pacific Ocean near Isla Italia (Patagonia, Chile).

Published
2013

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