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Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of rapamycin (RAPA)-deep eutectic solvent (DES) eye drops on corneal allograft rejection in mice and its mechanism. Methods CCK-8 assay was used to measure the influence of 10 types of DES on the viability of human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs), and the DES with a significantly higher cell viability than the control group was selected for characterization to obtain the most suitable DES. BALB/c mice and New Zealand white rabbits were used to evaluate the biocompatibility of the most suitable DES. The mice were randomly divided into normal group, phosphate solution (PBS) group, DES group, and RAPA-DES group. The mice in normal group were fed normally, and those in the PBS group, the DES group, and the RAPA-DES group were administrated PBS, DES, and RAPA-DES solution, respectively, to the right eye after corneal transplantation. On the next day, a slit lamp was used to observe the survival of corneal grafts, and the survival percentage of corneal grafts was analyzed to plot the survival curve of corneal grafts. On days 7 and 16 after transplantation, the eyeballs of the mice were collected, and HE staining was used to observe corneal edema and inflammatory cell infiltration under a microscope. On day 16 after transplantation, RT-qPCR was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-12α (IL-12α), and interleukin-17α (IL-17α) in corneal tissue, and Western blot was used to measure the protein expression levels of IL-6 and IL-17α in corneal tissue. Results CCK-8 assay showed that compared with the control group, the DES-1 group and the DES-2 group had a significant increase in cell viability (P0.05); compared with the PBS group and the DES group, the RAPA-DES group had significantly lower mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 (P

Background With the improvement of medical technology, the indications of spinal endoscopy technology are becoming more and more widespread. Percutaneous endoscopic posterior tranforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (Endo-P/TLIF) has been rapidly and widely used in lumbar spondylolisthesis combined with lumbar spinal stenosis, achieving certain efficacy in clinical observation. Compared with traditional fusion cages, height adjustable titanium fusion cage have better distraction effect and can effectively restore intervertebral space height, with obvious efficacy in Endo-P/TLIF surgery. Objective To investigate the application and clinical efficacy of Endo-P/TLIF combined with height adjustable titanium fusion cage in the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis with lumbar spinal stenosis. Methods The clinical data of 171 patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis with lumbar spinal stenosis treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2019 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The included patients were divided into 35 cases in the Endo-P/TLIF+adjustable fusion cage group, 57 cases in the Endo-P/TLIF+ordinary fusion cage group, 47 cases in the Endo-TLIF+ordinary fusion cage group and 32 cases in the unilateral approach biportal endoscopic (UBE) +ordinary fusion cage group according to the operation mode. The gender, age, intraoperative bleeding, hospital stay, preoperative, immediate postoperative, 6-month postoperative and 12-month postoperative Oswestry disability index (ODI) score, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, degree of lumbar spondylolisthesis, lumbar lordosis angle, and dural cross-sectional area were compared among the four groups. Results There was no statistically significant difference in gender, age, operative time, intraoperative bleeding, and hospital stay among the four groups of patients (P>0.05). There was no interaction effect of group and time on ODI score, VAS score, JOA score, lumbar lordosis angle, and dural cross-sectional area (P>0.05) ; there was an interaction effect of group and time on the degree of lumbar spondylolisthesis (P

Phosphatases are important regulators of protein phosphorylation and various cellular processes, and they serve as counterparts to kinases. In this study, our comprehensive analysis of oomycete complete proteomes unveiled the presence of approximately 3833 phosphatases, with most species estimated to have between 100 and 300 putative phosphatases. Further investigation of these phosphatases revealed a significant increase in protein serine/threonine phosphatases (PSP) within oomycetes. In particular, we extensively studied the metallo‐dependent protein phosphatase (PPM) within the PSP family in the model oomycete Phytophthora sojae. Our results showed notable differences in the expression patterns of PPMs throughout 10 life stages of P. sojae, indicating their vital roles in various stages of oomycete pathogens. Moreover, we identified 29 PPMs in P. sojae, and eight of them possessed accessory domains in addition to phosphate domains. We investigated the biological function of one PPM protein with an extra PH domain (PPM1); this protein exhibited high expression levels in both asexual developmental and infectious stages. Our analysis confirmed that PPM1 is indeed an active protein phosphatase, and its accessory domain does not affect its phosphatase activity. To delve further into its function, we generated knockout mutants of PPM1 and validated its essential roles in mycelial growth, sporangia and oospore production, as well as infectious stages. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first comprehensive inventory of phosphatases in oomycetes and identifies an important phosphatase within the expanded serine/threonine phosphatase group in oomycetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]