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ObjectiveTo investigate the predictive factors for acute cholangitis in patients with obstructive jaundice. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 358 patients with common bile duct stones and obstructive jaundice who were treated in The Fourth People′s Hospital of Haikou from October 2010 to October 2015. According to the presence or absence of acute cholangitis, the patients were divided into acute cholangitis group(n=223) and obstructive jaundice group(n=135). Age, sex, and comorbidities were compared between the two groups, and the association between abnormalities in serum tumor markers and liver function parameters and the development of acute cholangitis was examined. The parameters with statistical significance were used to establish the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and their sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of acute cholangitis were evaluated. The t test and χ2 test were applied for comparison of continuous data and categorical data between groups, respectively. ResultsThe acute cholangitis group had significantly higher serum levels of CA19-9 and CA12-5 than the obstructive jaundice group (serum level of CA19-9: 82.33±23.01 kU/L vs 36.75±12.58 kU/L, t=11.028, P＜0.05; serum level of CA125: 30.21±9.59 kU/L vs 18.62±5.27 kU/L, t=8.597, P＜005). The analysis of the ROC curves showed that the areas under the ROC curve for serum CA19-9 and CA12-5 were 0.891 and 0705, respectively, and the corresponding cut-off values for the highest diagnostic accuracy were 61.01 kU/L and 22.56 kU/L, respectively, with sensitivities of 82.1% and 77.6% and specificities of 79.8% and 69.5%. ConclusionIncreased serum CA19-9 level has a great value in predicting acute cholangitis in patients with common bile duct stones and obstructive jaundice.