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This study aimed to analyze the impact of government ownership on Indonesia’s SOE’s financial performance, measured by Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) of 20 SOEs that are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2013 – 2019, using the panel data models. According to the results, government ownership has a positively significant impact on the firm performance (ROA and ROE). Furthermore, the results show that along with government shares, debt to equity ratio, dividend payout ratio, and log of total assets also have significant relationships to the firm performance.

This paper finds that in ASEAN-4, the micro loan characteristics: loan amount and LIBOR whilst the macro characteristics: inflation, net export and GDP growth influence the loan spread in the project finance. However, simultaneously at the country level, the determinants of the loan spread are distinctive to each country’s infrastructure industry characteristic. The paper’s main contribution relates to the determinants of the project finance loan spread at the country level and regional level, ASEAN-4. The purpose of this paper is to fathom the critical risk factors behind the project finance loan pricing differential across the ASEAN-4 countries. Hence, the policy makers, project developers and lenders can have a better understanding of the drivers behind the project finance loan spread pricing. The study adopted an ordinary least square (OLS) regression methodology and collected data from ASEAN-4 countries consisting of Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand.

This research aims to fill the gap in sustainable insurance product study. The central research question of this research is how to develop a fair pricing framework in order to design a sustainable financial product. Current profit testing method is arguably lack of policyholder considerations. The profitability decision under current method only considers profit margin for company. There is no profitability measurement for policyholder. To improve fairness under current pricing, the proposed study proposes a concept of equity in risk between company and policyholder. In order to establish equity in risk, profitability for policyholder needs to be defined and risk measure Conditional Tail Expectation (CTE) for company and policyholder is proposed as a solution. Fairness is achieved if CTE between company and policyholder falls within certain range. CTE generated under new framework could be used as a reference point to all stakeholders to assess the fairness of Unit Linked price. The target population for the study was any regular premium Unit Link product. This research used simple random sampling. From the population consisting of 34 companies 20 samples were drawn. Data is taken from the Indonesian Financial Service Authority. The data used is from the time period between 1 January 2015 and 30 June 2019. Using the CTE, this study finds that most of the Unit Linked pricing are far from fair. It is recommended that companies could be more efficient in their operating and distribution cost in order to be fairer to policyholder and therefore will make the product more sustainable.

Adequate and efficient availability of medicines is necessary to ensure patients receive optimal care. However, inefficient drug stock management can result in various problems, such as waste of resources, lack of necessary drugs, or even excessive stock. This study aims to improve the efficiency of the drug stock management process by using KMeans Clustering and Hierarchical Clustering methods on drug stock data. The data used includes information on initial stock, purchase, incoming distribution, service, outgoing distribution, outgoing adjustment, and final stock. Clustering analysis was performed to identify patterns in the drug stock data, which was then validated using Silhouette Score. The results showed that Hierarchical Clustering was able to achieve a Silhouette Score of 0.976, while KMeans achieved a Silhouette Score of 0.954

Signalized intersections that are pretimed are commonly used in rapidly developing cities with diverse traffic patterns, including those found in Indonesia. These intersections are a common source of congestion and delays in road networks, particularly when there is non-lane based (NLB) traffic in urban areas. Accurate estimation of both the base saturation flow rate and capacity is essential for this type of facility, as an error in the prediction of the base saturation flow rate can result in significant bias in capacity evaluation and design at signalized intersections. The estimation of capacity at signalized intersections is critical for ensuring optimal signal timings, minimizing delay, and reducing congestion. Heterogeneous traffic, which refers to the presence of various types of vehicles with distinct static and dynamic characteristics, is a common phenomenon. To address this issue, this paper presents a modeling approach for the SFR that takes into account heterogeneous traffic and NLB movements. Indonesia, being an archipelago with 34 provinces, served as the focus of this study, which specifically concentrated on Banda Aceh, the capital province of Aceh province. Employing primary and observed data collected at a specific, predetermined signalized timing, this study aimed to investigate the impact of intersection geometry and heterogeneous traffic composition on the SFR. By adopting the modeling approach for NLB movements, the study formulated the BSFR model. To estimate the scale parameters of the BSFR, the multiple linear regression approach was utilized. The analysis results reveal that the existing BSFR based on the IHCM formula gives a substantially biased estimation because the PCEs from the Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual (IHCM) are underestimated. This source of error could be partially due to the heterogeneous (varied vehicle composition) traffic flow with NLB movements, unlike that observed under the prevailing conditions of IHCM 1997. The empirical results show that the existing IHCM should be improved to avoid overestimation, particularly for effective approach width (We) greater than 4.5 m. A comparison of the BSFR prediction model between IHCM's PCEs and new PCEs shows that the BSFR is predicted more accurately in the latter case. This finding demonstrates that the existing IHCM can be adjusted in two ways: adjusting PCEs or calibrating the BSFR formula. The proposed models can also enhance the accuracy of BSFR prediction, leading to better signalized intersection capacity estimation, providing support for designing traffic operation, alleviating traffic congestion, and reducing congestion delay within the city.

VP3 biofertilizer is a biological agent that has been formulated in previous research. It was applied once with compost and has been tested on red spinach and green spinach in the greenhouse to see its effect on yield and quality (chlorophyll content, anthocyanins, and shelf life at room temperature). Red spinach and green spinach had shown a significantly different growth response to applying biological fertilizers. VP3 biofertilizer with compost had the highest yield effect but was not significantly different from the recommended Nitrogen Phosphate Potassium (NPK) and Effective Microorganism4(EM4) treatment with compost. The application of VP3 Biofertilizer with NPK fertilizer showed a darker color (higher chlorophyll and anthocyanin content) than the application of biological fertilizers, but the values ​​were not significantly different. The application of VP3 biofertilizer with compost affected the shelf life of both red spinach and green spinach. Spinach plants remained fresh at room temperature for three days of storage, while the other treatments lost freshness on the 3rd day after harvesting and even loosened the leaf on the 4th day after harvesting. Therefore, VP3 biofertilizer has potential to increase the yield and quality of spinach and other vegetable crops. The addition of the application period of VP3 biofertilizer needs to be carried out and observed to increase the yield and quality of plants further. Canonical Variate Analyses (CVA) can distinguish the grouping of treatments based on the selected parameter. Biplot assessment provides information on the strong relationship between the yield of green spinach and red spinach and a number of leaves, leaf area, and plant height. The application of VP3 biofertilizer with compost had a significant effect on the yield and quality and produced different effects between treatments, both in the case of green spinach and red spinach.

Lubrication in machining process plays a very important role in machining because it increases the productivity and quality of the machining process. Today, most Metalworking Fluids (MWF) are petroleum based ones. Due to its advantages, the consumption of MWF is increasing therefore creating many negative effects on the environment. These effects are related to surface and groundwater, and soil contamination. To address this challenge, various MWF alternatives are being explored by scientists. Vegetable oil is a very attractive alternative to petroleum-based lubricants, because vegetable oils are environmentally friendly, renewable, non-toxic, and easily biodegradable. In complement to the experimental method, simulations using chemical application programs such as Hyperchem 8.0 can also be carried out to provide an estimate of how the interaction between components of lubricating oil, lubricating oil and additives, as well as lubricating oil and additives to their attraction properties to certain surfaces (such as metals). In this study, the effect of the addition of eugenol as a bio-additive on the interaction between molecules of jatropha oil lubricant on the surface of the material will be analysed. The results obtained are simulations using Hyperchem 8.0 can be used to predict the physical properties of the lubricating oil.

Saturation flow rate is a key parameter essential for assessing signalized intersection capacity. The reference often used for signalized intersection planning in Indonesia is Indonesian Highway Capacity Guidelines (PKJI, 2023). In heterogeneous traffic environments, it has been observed that driver characteristics and behaviors exhibit significant variations. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevailing saturation flow rate conditions at signalized intersections within Banda Aceh City. This exploration unfolded through two distinct scenarios, namely saturated time with and without initial lost time. For data acquisition, the focus was set on four signalized intersections, namely Jambo Tape, Pocut Baren, AMD Batoh, and Lhong Raya. This extraction procedure aimed to uncover insights into vehicle composition, movement patterns, and field saturation flow rate at these signalized intersections. In the aspect of analysis, a simple linear regression approach was adopted to recalibrate saturation flow rate coefficient of signalized intersections. This recalibration took into account vehicle compositions at the observation locations. The culmination of this analysis showed that in the scenario devoid of lost time under prevailing conditions, flow rate yielded S0 = 352 x Le. Meanwhile, for the scenario entailing lost time, the calculation produced was S0 = 294 x Le.

The physiological response of motorcyclists, which is substantially correlated with driving stress, can be utilised to assess traffic safety. Heart rate and respiratory rate can be used to measure driver tension using the heart rate variability method. This investigation was conducted in Aceh province along the urban arterial roads Jl. T. Nyak Arief and Jl. T. Muhammad Daud Bereueh. This study seeks to provide the anticipated empirical findings for determining the stress threshold of motorcyclists on Banda Aceh's primary arterial roads. The Polar Vantage V2 Smartwatch Multisport measures the pulse rate and respiratory rate of voluntarily participating motorcycle riders. This research was conducted using direct observation and direct observation related to volunteer travel activities as a sample, with volunteers selected at random and questioned about their willingness to participate. Direct interview surveys with volunteers were used to collect socioeconomic information about volunteers. The Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model empirically examined which road conditions and land use variables influence driving tension among motorists. The results revealed that the highest heart rate (HR) was recorded in the commercial land use area, at 94.029 beats per minute, while the highest HR was recorded at road bends, at 94.244 beats per minute. The time domain stress model is influenced by land use variables, with the most significant types of land use being offices and education, with the forming variables consisting of SDNN, RMSSD, and TINN.

In Banda Aceh City, signalized intersections are a strategic approach to mitigate conflicts such as accidents and traffic congestion. This was achieved by efficiently managing the flow of vehicles passing through intersections, enhancing their overall capacity. Currently, the management of signalized intersections in Banda Aceh still adheres to the guidelines stipulated in the 1997 Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual (MKJI 1997). Given the considerable variation in driver behavior and vehicle composition, particularly motorcycles, within Banda Aceh, a need for updated practices arises. Therefore, this research determined the comparison of PCEs values at the initial and saturation time based on the PKJI 2023 and the new calculations. It was conducted at four-legged intersections, namely Pocut Baren, AMD, Lhong Raya, and Jambo Tape. The primary dataset comprised intersections geometry, effective green time, traffic flow composition captured through drone recordings, and signal configurations. Statistical analysis in this research used multiple linear regression analysis to estimate the Passenger Car Unit (PCU) model parameters using video data recorded at the four-legged intersections. The result showed that PCE values for motorcycles during the initial time was 0.16, higher than the average saturation time values of 0.08.

Background: Nutritional program is another influencing factor of athletic performance after the physical training program, and psychological training program. However, Indonesian sports practitioners somehow still neglect the important role of sports nutrition to achieve the best athletic performance. Objectives: To examine the level of basic nutritional and sports nutritional knowledge among the sport’s practitioners who participated in the quadrennial national sports competition 2021. Materials and Methods: This evaluation study has conducted with a descriptive quantitative approach. Thirty-eight sports practitioners (24 males and 14 females), were represented from five provinces such as Central Java, Western Java, Eastern Java, Southern Sumatera, and Bali. Their status during the sports events are athletes, referees, officials, coaches, and judges. The incidental technique sampling was used to attract the respondents. Nutritional Knowledge Questionnaires (NKQ) developed by Rosi et al, was used in this study. Data was analyzed with the frequencies distribution technique, and displayed using the percentage. Results: More than half of the total respondents (81%) have good, very good, and excellent knowledge in general nutrition (21%, 34%, 26%) respectively. Similarly, it is also happened in the evaluation of their knowledge for basic nutrition good (5%), very good (29%), excellent (40%), as well as in their knowledge levels for sports nutrition, good 18% and excellent 53%. However, based on the evaluation of their sports nutritional knowledge, we found that there are 8% (n=3) of the respondent were failed as the score

Antimicrobial active packaging is designed to extend the shelf life of packaged products by adding antimicrobial agents to the packaging system. Trend of green consumerism has led to an increasing demand for the use of natural antimicrobial agents for food packaging applications. The natural antimicrobial agents that are the focus of current research are essential oils, however, the application of essential oils directly to packaging materials can affect mechanical characteristics such as a decrease in the tensile strength of the packaging materials. One of the innovations to solve this weakness is the application of an antimicrobial agent with a carrier material in the form of sachets, pads and tablets. The principle of the antimicrobial active packaging is the adsorption of active compounds on the carrier material and allows the slow release of active antimicrobial compounds in the packaging system. Furthermore, challenges in the food sector related to packaging waste have prompted research on biodegradable materials, such as the use of starch and cellulose as carrier materials. This paper examines the development of antimicrobial packaging with essential oil active agents using several types of carrier materials, how to produce these packages with several types of materials, and the advantages and disadvantages of selecting the materials used.

ABSTRACT Background: Fruit-infused water (FIW) contains antioxidants and potassium as a antihyperglycemic and antihypertension via inhibition or break the chain of radical reaction but has not been proven in patients with MS. Purpose: To evaluate the effects of FIW on blood pressure and fasting blood glucose (FBG) in patients with MS. Method: This is a Randomized-Control Trial with pre-posttest control group design. 24 patients of Cakranegara Health Center who fulfilled the criteria were randomly divided into control (given counseling only) and treatment (counseling + FIW consists of apple, cucumber, pineapple and strawberry in 250 ml water for 14 days) groups. Blood pressure and FBG were measured before and after intervention. Chi Square was used for descriptive analyze, whereas T-test, Mann Whitney and Wilcoxon was used for differences in means. Result: In the treatment group (n=11), systolic and diastolic mean levels were decreased by 5,4 mmHg (p=0,140) and 0,9 mmHg (p=0,792) respectively. However, FBG levels were increased by 9,2 mg/dL (p=0.929). There were no differences on systolic (p=0,448), diastolic (p=0,835) and FBG (p=0,599) between two groups. Conclusion: FIW consumption are unable to improve blood pressure and FBG levels on metabolic syndrome. Keywords: Fruit-Infused Water, Blood Pressure, Fasting Blood Sugar Level, Metabolic Syndrome

The advancement of active packaging technology has contributed to the need for customer assurance of the quality and protection of fresh foods and agricultural products. An example of active packaging to maintain food quality and improve product protection is the use of antimicrobial pads. Antimicrobial pads are a type of active packaging that releases active agents into the headspace food packaging in order to prevent, inhibit or destroy the growth of microorganisms.. Antimicrobial pads are very easy to apply to food products by placing them on the bottom of the product or inserting them into the packaging material. This literature study discusses the characterization of cellulose as a major component in the manufacture of pads, techniques for the incorporation of antimicrobial compounds into pads, and suitable applications for the inhibition of microorganisms in food products. Apart from that, this literature study also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of antimicrobial pads as active packs.

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstrak Peningkatan kadar urea darah pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronis (PGK) dapat menyebabkan terjadinya disbiosis mikrobiota usus yang ditandai dengan penurunan bakteri sakarolitik dan peningkatan bakteri proteolitik yang menyebabkan semakin lamanya waktu transit feses dan terjadinya konstipasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian yoghurt dan soyghurt terhadap konsistensi feses pasien PGK dengan hemodialisis. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah randomized control trial. Penelitian menggunakan 3 kelompok yaitu kontrol, intervensi yoghurt dan intervensi soyghurt. Subjek penelitian adalah 34 orang pasien PGK dengan hemodialisis, dengan kriteria inklusi: PGK stage 5, laki laki dan perempuan, usia 40-60 tahun, tidak mendapatkan terapi antibiotika selama minimal 21 hari, dan menjalani hemodialisis 2x/minggu. Data yang diperiksa dari responden adalah konsistensi feses pada awal dan akhir intervensi dengan menggunakan Bristol Tool Scale . Data ditabulasi dan dianalisis menggunakan Kruskall-Wallis dan Wilcoxon dengan SPSS for Windows. Pemberian yoghurt dan soyghurt selama 30 hari pada pasien PGK dengan hemodialisis melunakkan konsistensi feses secara bermakna, tetapi tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara pemberian yoghurt dan soyghurt terhadap perubahan konsistensi feses. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan pemberian yoghurt atau soyghurt sama-sama memberikan efek terhadap perubahan konsistensi feses pasien PGK dengan hemodialisis. Kata kunci: penyakit ginjal kronis, hemodialisis, yoghurt, soyghurt Abstract The increase of blood urea level in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) may lead to gut microbiota dysbiosis indicated by saccholytic bacteria reduction and proteolytic bacteria addition, which causes a longer transit time of feces and constipation. This study aimed to analyze the effect of yoghurt and soyghurt administration on the fecal consistency in CKD patients with hemodialysis. This study used Randomized Control Trial design. The study used three groups, namely control, yoghurt intervention, and soyghurt intervention. The research subjects were 31 patients with CKD who underwent hemodialysis at RSUD dr. Saiful Anwar Malang under the following criteria: stage five of CKD, male or female, aged 40-60 years, did not get antibiotic therapy for 21 days, and underwent hemodialysis 2 times/week. Data examined from respondents were the consistency of feces at the beginning and the end of the intervention used Bristol Tool Scale. Data were tabulated and analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis dan Wilcoxon test with SPSS for Windows. Administration of yoghurt and soyghurt for 30 days in CKD patients improved the fecal consistency of CKD patients with hemodialysis to be softer. In conclusion, both yoghurt and soyghurt could give the same effect on the fecal consistency of CKD patients with hemodialysis. Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease, hemodialysis, yoghurt, soyghurt

Background: Dementia is a multifactorial disease due to genetic and environmental influences. Lack of intake of vitamins B6, B12, folic acid and blood pressure are one of the environmental factors that cause dementia. Objective: To analyze the relationship between the adequacy of vitamins B6, B12, folic acid and blood pressure with dementia in the elderly Method: This research was a cross sectional study, which was carried out in Tulungagung Regency. The sampling technique was cluster random sampling and a sample size of 100 elderly from 7 elderly Posyandu in Tulungagung Regency, with independent variables such as adequacy of vitamin B6, B12, folic acid and blood pressure, while the dependent variable was dementia. Data were analyzed with chi square testResults: Respondents in this study were generally aged 60-74 years (70.0%), women (48.0%), were educated in elementary / junior high school (60.0%) and did not work (69.0%). Most respondents have insufficient vitamin B6, B12 and folic acid in the less category, with percentages of 57.0%, 54% and 64%, respectively. There was an association between the adequacy of vitamins B6, B12 and folic acid with dementia in the elderly (OR=2.302; 95% CI=1.011-5.241; p=0.045; OR=2.397; 95% CI=1.060-5.422; p=0.034; OR=2.516; 95% CI=1.015-6.238; p=0.043). Blood pressure is associated with dementia in the elderly (OR=3.000; 95% CI=1.288-6.988; p=0.010). The average consumption of vitamin B6, B12 and folic acid in the normal group was higher than the dementia group, with a difference of 0.16 ± 0.04 mg, 0.54 ± 0.05 mcg and 65.89 ± 4.95 respectively mcg Conclusion ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Demensia merupakan penyakit multifaktorial karena pengaruh genetik dan lingkungan. Minimnya asupan vitamin B6, B12, asam folat dan tekanan darah menjadi salah satu faktor lingkungan yang menyebabkan demensia. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan antara kecukupan vitamin B6, B12, asam folat dan tekanan darah dengan demensia pada lanjut usia Metode: Penelitian ini berupa penelitian cross sectional, yang dilakukan di Kabupaten Tulungagung. Teknik sampling dengan cluster random sampling dan besar sampel 100 lansia dari 7 posyandu lansia di Kabupaten Tulungagung, dengan variabel bebas berupa kecukupan vitamin B6, B12, asam folat dan tekanan darah, sedangkan variabel terikatnya adalah demensia. Data dianalisis dengan uji chi square Hasil: Responden penelitian ini umumnya berusia 60-74 tahun (70,0 %), wanita (48,0 %), berpendidikan terakhir SD/SMP (60,0 %) dan tidak bekerja (69,0 %). Kebanyakan responden memiliki kecukupan vitamin B6, B12 dan asam folat dalam kategori kurang, dengan persentase masing-masing 57,0 %, 54 % dan 64 %. Ditemukan hubungan antara kecukupan vitamin B6, B12 dan asam folat dengan demensia pada lanjut usia (OR=2,302, 95% CI=1,011-5,241, p=0,045; OR=2,397, 95% CI=1,060-5,422, p=0,034; OR=2,516,95% CI=1,015-6,238, p=0,043). Tekanan darah berhubungan dengan demensia pada lanjut usia (OR=3,000,95% CI=1,288-6,988,p=0,010). Rata-rata konsumsi vitamin B6, B12 dan asam folat kelompok normal lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok demensia, dengan selisih masing-masing sebesar 0,16±0,04 mg, 0,54±0,05 mcg dan 65,89 ±4,95 mcg. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara kecukupan vitamin B6, B12, asam folat dan tekanan darah dengan demensia pada lanjut usia.

Kecelakaan sepeda motor merupakan salah satu penyebab kecelakaan yang tertinggi di Kota Banda Aceh. Hal ini kemungkinan disebabkan oleh rendahnya pemahaman mereka mengenai keselamatan berkendara, sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya pelanggaran lalu lintas yang berakibat pada kecelakaan lalu lintas. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kajian mengenai faktor penyebab kecelakaan lalu lintas berdasarkan variabel keselamatan berkendara, pelanggaran yang dilakukan serta kelengkapan atribut berkendara. Data diperoleh dengan membagikan kuesioner kepada responden, yaitu pengendara roda dua yang berdomisili di Kota Banda Aceh. Variabel laten yang telah ditentukan diolah menggunakan metode Structure Equation Models (SEM) sehingga didapatkan indikator "Menerobos lampu merah" menjadi indikator yang paling signifikan dari semua indikator yang diteliti.

This study aims to analysis elementary students’ understanding and participation in traditional game. This is a descrivtive research using survey method. Sample in this study was upper class students of MI Nurul Yaqien. The research instrument used was a questionnaire. Data analysis technique used is percentage or procentage correction. The results showed that 94.44% of students know traditional games. 71.43% of students understand traditional games. 91.67% of students are involved in traditional games. Conclusion of this research is the knowledge and participation of MI Nurul Yaqien students in traditional games is excellent. While their understanding of traditional games is in the sufficient category.

Background: Patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Type 2 are at risk of micronutrient loss related to metabolic diseases, one of them is zinc. It plays an important role since it affects the function of pancreatic cell β, insulin activities, glucose homeostasis and pathogenesis of DM. Low zinc levels are associated with higher complications of DM. One of the nutrients that helps absorbing zinc is organic acids such as citric acid and ascorbic acid contained in citrus fruits. Objective: to analyze the effect of citrus fruits (Citrus reticulata) and zinc supplements consumption on fasting blood glucose in women with DM Type 2. Method: This study was an experimental study using pretest and posttest method with control group. The subjects were 30 people with DM Type 2 in Prolanis club in three Puskesmas in Surabaya who had been selected using consecutive sampling, and divided into 2 groups, namely the treatment group that consumed 200 g of orange and 20 mg of zinc supplement per day and the control group that consumed only 20 mg zinc per day. Citrus fruits and zinc supplements were consumed daily for four weeks. Fasting blood glucose was analyzed using automatic chemistry analyzer. Data analysis included univariate analysis with Shapiro-Wilk and bivariate analysis with Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney and Paired t-test Results: Fasting blood glucose in the subjects consuming citrus fruits and zinc supplements was decreased by 16.67 mg/dl (from 155.87 mg/dl to 139.20 mg/dl) (p = 0.121), while the group with zinc consumption was decreased by 9.85 mg/dl (from 140.93 mg/dl to 131.13 mg/dl) (p = 0.095). The decrease in fasting blood glucose in both groups was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Consumption of citrus fruits and zinc supplements did not significantly reduce fasting blood glucose in women with DM Type 2. Further research is needed with a longer period of intervention to better reflect the changes in zinc metabolism related to blood glucose control. ABSTRAK Latar Belakang : Pasien Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Tipe 2 beresiko kehilangan zat gizi mikro terkait metabolik penyakitnya, salah satunya adalah zinc. Zinc berperan penting karena mempengaruhi fungsi sel β pankreas, aktifitas insulin, homeostasis glukosa dan patogenesis DM. Kadar zinc yang rendah terkait dengan komplikasi DM yang lebih tinggi. Salah satu zat gizi yang membantu penyerapan zinc adalah asam organik seperti asam sitrat dan asam askorbat yang terkandung dalam buah jeruk. Tujuan : Menganalisa pengaruh konsumsi buah jeruk (Citrus reticulata) dan suplementasi zinc terhadap kadar gula darah puasa wanita DM tipe 2. Metode : Rancangan berupa quasi eksperimental dengan metode pretest and posttest with control group. Jumlah subjek 30 orang wanita DM tipe 2 anggota klub Prolanis di 3 Puskesmas di Kota Surabaya yang dipilih secara consecutive sampling, terbagi dalam 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok perlakuan yang mengkonsumsi 200 gram jeruk dan suplementasi zinc 20 mg/hari serta kelompok kontrol hanya mengkonsumsi zinc 20 mg/hari. Intervensi dilakukan 4 minggu. Gula darah puasa dianalisa menggunakan automatic chemistry analizer. Analisis data meliputi univariat dengan Shapiro-Wilk, analisa bivariat meliputi Independent t-test dan Mann-Whitney. Hasil : Meskipun rata-rata penurunan gula darah puasa sebesar 16,67 mg/dl pada subjek yang mengkonsumsi jeruk dan suplementasi zinc (p=0,121), namun tidak signifikan secara statistik. Kesimpulan : Konsumsi buah jeruk dan suplementasi zinc tidak signifikan menurunkan gula darah puasa wanita DM Tipe 2. Diperlukan penelitian lanjutan dengan jangka waktu intervensi yang lebih lama.

Trans Koetaradja bus is managed by the government of Aceh Province to improve the urban public transport system. In order to appeal people to use this bus, the local government provides subsidy and applies the free fare, until today. It is expected that, when the subsidy is revoked in a few years ahead, people will get accustomed to use this bus. This research was conducted to observe public perceptions on the desired fare through ability to pay (ATP) and willingness to pay (WTP) analysis. Primary data was collected by doing survey over distributing questionnaires to the citizen. The bus corridors observed were on corridors I, III, and IV. The results showed that, the ATP-WTP of students were above the operator’s proposed tariff for all corridors. However, to attract those students to use the bus, it is recommended that the operator's proposed tariff (IDR 2,000 for each corridor) should be applied. For the general public category (PNS/TNI/Polri, Private Employees, Housewives, and other communities), the proposed tariff for each corridors were in between the average value of ATP-WTP. In that sense, tariff determination can be applied based on the average WTP value. However, the operator's proposed tariff for the public is still also feasible, subject to improving the level of services.

Ketersediaan perumahan untuk masyarakat merupakan indikasi pembangunan nasional, dan menjadi tujuan pemerintah Indonesia, termasuk di Kota Banda Aceh, ibukota provinsi Aceh untuk menyediakan perumahan bagi keluarga dengan pendapatan rendah yang terjangkau. Untuk tujuan ini, pemerintah memperkenalkan skema perumahan terjangkau bersubsidi guna meningkatkan kepemilikan perumahan untuk masyarakat. Namun, terlepas dari langkah-langkah ini, perumahan di Kota Banda Aceh telah banyak terbangun dan tersebar hingga ke pinggiran kota dengan standar kondisi perumahan yang sangat variatif baik dari kelayakan bangunan rumah, fasilitas prasarana dan sarana pendukungnya. Variasi ini terjadi dikarenakan pengembang (developer) dari masing-masing lokasi perumahan terjangkau menawarkan lokasi, tipe rumah yang dibangun, fasilitas yang disediakan, serta harga dan cara pemilikan rumah yang berbeda-beda. Oleh karena itu, paper ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi determinan preferensi publik atau masyarakat dalam pemilihan lokasi perumahan terjangkau sehingga faktor determinan tersebut dapat dijadikan sebagai pertimbangan aspek yang harus disediakan oleh pengembang. Kajian ini dilakukan di Banda Aceh dengan target responden adalah penduduk masuk ke Kota Banda Aceh dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 150 jiwa. Kuesioner disebarkan dengan mengadopsi teknik sampling acak berstrata (stratified random sampling). Determinan yang dikaji adalah faktor aksesibilitas, kelengkapan prasarana dan sarana, fasilitas, kondisi lingkungan, harga dan pelayanan, dan bangunan. Metode analisis faktor Principle Component Analysis (PCA) digunakan untuk mengeksplorasi hubungan antar faktor dengan indikator pemilihan lokasi perumahan terjangkau. Hasil empiris menunjukkan bahwa determinan preferensi publik yang dominan dalam pemilihan lokasi perumahan adalah faktor aksesibilitas dan pelayanan dengan varian sebesar 24.8%, kelengkapan sarana dan prasarana dengan varian 18.95% dan fasilitas dan kepemilikan rumah dengan varian 16.51%. Ketiga faktor tersebut menentukan keputusan konsumen dalam pemilihan lokasi perumahan terjangkau dengan varian total 60%. Hasil empiris menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat cenderung memilih lokasi perumahan karena faktor aksesibilitas ke pusat perbelanjaan dan sarana dan prasarana yang ditawarkan oleh pengembang seperti ketersediaan jaringan listrik, air bersih dan persampahan menjadi indikator utama penentu pemilihan lokasi oleh konsumen.

Kapasitas jalinan sangat berperan penting untuk perencanaan bundaran lalu lintas terutama pada lalu lintas campuran dengan komposisi lalu lintas didominasi kendaraan roda dua (sepeda motor). Simpang Tujuh Ulee Kareng merupakan simpang tak bersinyal dengan kondisi lalu lintas campuran dengan proporsi roda dua sangat tinggi. Maka, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau pengaruh proporsi roda dua terhadap kapasitas bagian jalinan. Metode analisis digunakan simulasi lalu lintas dengan menggunakan simulator VISSIM 6.00-22. Lokasi penelitian dipilih Simpang Tujuh Ulee Kareng dimana berdasarkan Rencana Tata Bangunan dan Lingkungan (RTBL) Kawasan Simpang Tujuh Ulee Kareng yang direncanakan oleh pemerintah Kota Banda Aceh dengan konstruksi Bundaran. Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan simulator lalu lintas VISSIM 6.00-22 kapasitas bagian jalinan hanya mengalami perubahan kecil pada skenario komposisi roda dua 40% - 90%. Penurunan kapasitas bagian jalinan terjadi saat komposisi roda dua/motorcycle (MC) pada skenario 10% - 30% yang diakibatkan meningkatnya komposisi kendaraan ringan/light vehicle (LV) sehingga membuat banyaknya ruang antara (gap) kendaraan yang kosong. Panjang antrian dan tundaan yang terjadi semakin rendah saat komposisi roda dua (MC) pada skenario 40% - 90%. Dari hasil simulasi dapat dilihat bahwa roda dua (MC) memberikan keleluasaan pada ruang jalan sehingga arus menjadi lebih lancar. Seiring meningkatnya komposisi kendaraan ringan (LV) atau roda empat mengakibatkan ruang jalan menjadi lebih sempit. Kendaraan yang berada di jalinan cukup sulit untuk bergerak sehingga kecepatan menurun yang berdampak pada antrian kendaraan yang panjang dan menyebabkan menurunnya kapasitas bagian jalinan Bundaran.

This study aims to explore the constraints of the Travel Costs Budget Frontier (TCBF) before a full-charged fare is implemented for the bus system known as the "Trans Koetaradja" in the city of Banda Aceh, Indonesia. A stochastic frontier analysis was used to identify how people allocate their share of income for transportation in line with their mobility and socio-demographic characteristics. The findings showed the TCBF to be influenced by commuting trip activities, private mode usage, owning car and motorcycle and income limits. Barriers were observed to be restricting the low-medium income groups. Owning their own private modes within the low-medium income groups does mean household disbursement and could impose their transport expenditure rather than public modes usage. There is a need to devise policies considering the low-medium incomes to implement impartial full-charge to ensure affordable bus fare.

Pretimed signalized intersection is known as a common source of congestion, especially in urban heterogeneous traffic. Furthermore, the accuracy of saturation flow rate is found to cause efficient and vital capacity estimation, in order to ensure optimal design and operation of the signal timings. Presently, the traffic also consists of diverse vehicle presence, each with its own static and dynamic characteristics. The passenger car equivalent (PCE) in an essential unit is also used to measure heterogenous traffic into the PCU (Passenger Car Unit). Based on the collection of observed data at three targets in Banda Aceh City, this study aims to redetermine the PCEs by using Bayesian linear regression, through the Random-walk Metropolis-Hastings and Gibbs sampling. The result showed that the obtained PCE values were 0.24, 1.0, and 0.80 for motorcycle (MC), passenger car (PC), and motorized rickshaw (MR), respectively. It also showed that a significant deviation was found between new and IHCM PCEs, as the source of error was partially due to the vehicle compositions. The present traffic characteristics were also substantially different from the prevailing conditions of IHCM 1997. Therefore, the proposed PCEs enhanced the accuracy of base saturation flow prediction, provided support for traffic operation design, alleviated congestion, and reduced delay within the city, which in turn improved the estimation of signalized intersection capacity.

Abstract North Sumatera province was the largest contributor to malaria positive cases for Sumatera island in 2016. This study aim was to analyze the malaria situation in North Sumatera, subsequently taken into consideration for the preparation of a strategic plan to achieve the elimination of malaria in the region. Malaria case data, figures on Slide Positivity Rate, Annual Parasite Incidence, and plasmodium species were derived from the entire districts and cities of the North Sumatera province. Data were collected from 2010 - 2016. The data were analyzed qualitatively or descriptively. The results showed the Annual Parasite Incidence in North Sumatera had tended to decline from 0.91 per 1000 population in 2010 to 0.27 per 1000 population in 2016. The results showed the number of Slide Positivity Rate increased from 8.80 % in 2010 to 17.06 % in 2013 but decreased to 8.71 % in 2016. Target elimination of malaria in North Sumatera (2020) can be achieved when the discovery of cases of malaria, such as the enhanced efforts in intensification and extension, followed by improvement of malaria case management and vector control. Abstrak Provinsi Sumatera Utara termasuk daerah malaria penyumbang terbanyak kasus positif malaria di Pulau Sumatera pada tahun 2016. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis situasi malaria di Provinsi Sumatera Utara, selanjutnya menjadi bahan pertimbangan untuk penyusunan rencana strategis dalam tercapainya eliminasi malaria di wilayah ini. Data kasus malaria, angka Slide Positivity Rate, angka Annual Parasite Incidence, jenis Plasmodium dan lainnya diperoleh dari seluruh kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Data dikumpulkan dari tahun 2010-2016. Analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif atau descriptive analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan saat ini angka Annual Parasite Incidence malaria di Provinsi Sumatera Utara sudah cenderung menurun dari 0,91 per 1000 penduduk pada tahun 2010 menjadi 0,27 per 1000 penduduk pada tahun 2016. Namun, angka Slide Positivity Rate dari pada tahun 2010 mempunyai kecenderungan meningkat dari 8,80 % pada tahun 2010 meningkat terus sampai 17,06% pada tahun 2013, walaupun menurun lagi menjadi 8,71 % pada tahun 2016. Target eliminasi malaria di Sumatera Utara tahun 2020 dapat dicapai apabila penemuan kasus malaria, seperti upaya intensifikasi dan ekstensifikasi ditingkatkan, diikuti dengan perbaikan penatalaksanaan kasus, dan pengendalian vektor.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur dan komposisi vegetasi di kawasan hutan karst Temeang, Kecamatan Karangan, Kabupaten Kutai Timur. Metode yang digunakan adalah membuat petak ukur dengan luas 1 ha, yang dibagi menjadi 25 petak ukur berukuran 20x20m, Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indeks Nilai penting, Kerapatan, dan frekuensi tertinggi terdapat pada jenis Pterospermum javanicum. Jenis tersebut merupakan jenis yang mudah tumbuh dengan sebaran yang luas. Dominansi tertinggi terdapat pada jenis Shorea guiso, yang memiliki diameter batang yang besar-besar. Strata tajuk tersusun berlapis, dari lapisan atas sampai lapisan bawah yang terdiri dari tumbuhan bawah hingga pohon-pohon yang tinggi. Masih terdapatnya bagian-bagian tajuk yang terbuka menunjukkan bahwa perlu adanya campur tangan manusia untuk mempercepat suksesi.

This study aims to measure the values of passenger car unit (PCU) at a four-legged roundabout based on the time occupancy data in complex traffic operation. Within mixed traffic, the PCUs are needed as a equivalency factor to convert various type of vehicles to a standard unit. The unit of PCU was used to determine capacity and level of service of specific the traffic condition. The composition of vehicles going through the intersection, mostly varies and each type of vehicles tends to have diverse effects on capacity and level of services. Consequently, a conversion factor from various vehicles to a standard vehicle is required. The data of this study was collected using a drone at the investigated roundabout at one of the major roundabouts in Aceh Besar, Aceh province, Indonesia. The method used was the vehicle's time occupancy, in which calculated from the average time required by each vehicle to pass through the roundabout area. The results show that the PCU values obtained is 0.16 for motorcycle, 0.59 for rickshaw, 1.07 for pickup, 1.91 for a medium vehicle, and 3.76 for the heavy vehicle. These results should be utilized for converting various type of vehicles into PCUs to estimate capacity and level of services, especially at the roundabout trafict. This results may be suitable to revise the Indonesian Traffic Code, named Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual 1997, and useful for ongoing national-level efforts to upgrade the Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual.

Sanctions stipulated in the Narcotics law adheres to double track system in the form of criminal sanctions and action sanctions. Rehabilitation is one form of action sanction, in accordance with the provisions of Article 54 of Law Number 35 Year 2009 on Narcotics. The purpose of this study is to analyze the judge's consideration in dropping criminal punishment against the soldier of Indonesian National Army as narcotics abusers. This study uses normative research methods with statute approach and case approach. The results of the study indicate that Narcotics addicts and narcotics abuse victims in the case of proven or proven as victims of narcotics abusers as regulated in Article 127 paragraph (3) of Narcotics Law shall undergo medical rehabilitation and social rehabilitation. Consideration of the judges of Military Court III-14 Denpasar through its decree Number: 33-K / PM. III-14 / AD / VIII / 2015, which states that the defendant has been proven legally and convincingly guilty of committing a criminal act of narcotics perpetrator to impose criminal sanctions, appears to be inconsistent with the provisions of the Narcotics Act because the judge does not consider the provisions of Article 127 paragraph (3) Law Number 35 Year 2009, namely compulsory rehabilitation in case it can be proven or proven as a victim of narcotics abuser, the abuser shall undergo medical rehabilitation and social rehabilitation. Therefore, the judge in deciding the perpetrators of narcotics abuse should be guided by the provisions set forth in Law Number 35 Year 2009 on Narcotics. Sanksi yang diatur dalam undang-undang Narkotika menganut double track system yaitu berupa sanksi pidana dan sanksi tindakan. Rehabilitasi merupakan salah satu bentuk sanksi tindakan, sesuai dengan ketentuan dalam Pasal 54 Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tentang pertimbangan Hakim dalam menjatuhkan pidana penjara terhadap prajurit TNI sebagai pelaku penyalah guna narkotika. Studi ini menggunakan metode penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa Pecandu Narkotika dan korban penyalahgunaan narkotika dalam hal dapat dibuktikan atau terbukti sebagai korban penyalahguna narkotika sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 127 ayat (3) UU Narkotika wajib menjalani rehabilitasi medis dan rehabilitasi sosial. Pertimbangan hakim Pengadilan Militer III-14 Denpasar melalui putusanya Nomor :33-K/ PM. III-14/AD/ VIII /2015, yang menyatakan terdakwa telah terbukti secara sah dan meyakinkan bersalah melakukan tindak pidana penyalahguna narkotika menjatuhkan sanksi pidana, tampak tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan dalam Undang- tentang Narkotika karena hakim tidak memperhatikan ketentuan Pasal 127 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009, yaitu wajib rehabilitasi dalam hal dapat dibuktikan atau terbukti sebagai korban penyalahguna narkotika, penyalahguna tersebut wajib menjalani rehabilitasi medis dan rehabilitasi sosial. Oleh karena itu hakim dalam menjatuhkan putusan terhadap pelaku penyalah guna narkotika harus berpedoman pada ketentuan yang sudah diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika.

Long Lasting Insecticide Nets (LLINs) are used in vector control program and the maintenance of LLINs is an important factor to ensure the effectiveness of LLINs. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of LLINs against An. sundaicus and analyze people's knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP) regarding LLINs. The research was conducted in the Sungai Nyamuk Village, North Kalimantan. Methods used in the researchwere the WHO Bioassay Cone Test and questionnaires of KAP for the use of LLINs. The efficacy test was carried out on several groups, the treatment groups (bed nets have beenused for six months, 12-23 months and over 24 months) and control group (bed nets without insecticide). The results showed that LLINs used for six months had the highest efficiency with mortality 24 hours of An. sundaicus is 94.13% while LLINs used for 12-23 months and more than 24 months were not effective (mortality is 71.74% and 37.33%) .KAP results showed that all respondents accepted the distribution of LLINs, but not willin gto wash the LLINs. The effectiveness of LLINs is correlated with washing the nets. The use of LLINs to prevent malaria transmission will be effective if supported by a good maintenance. Kelambu berinsektisida digunakan dalam program pengendalian vektor malaria. Pemeliharaan kelambu berinsektisida merupakan faktor penting untuk menjamin efektivitas kelambu tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kelambu berinsektisida terhadap nyamuk An. sundaicus dan menganalisis pengetahuan, sikap,perilaku masyarakat terhadap kelambu tersebut. Penelitian dilaksanakan di DesaSungai Nyamuk, Kabupaten Nunukan-Kalimantan Utara. Metode yang digunakandalam penelitian ini adalah WHO Bioassay Cone Test dan kuesioner pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku (knowledge, attitute, practices-KAP) terhadap penggunaan kelambu berinsektisida. Pengujian efikasi kelambu berinsektisida dilakukan terhadapkelompok perlakuan (enam bulan, 12-23 bulan dan lebih dari 24 bulan pemakaian) dan kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelambu berinsektisida yang telah digunakan selama enam bulan mempunyai efektivitas yang paling tinggi (94,13%). Kelambu yang telah digunakan 12-23 bulan, dan lebih dari 24 bulan menunjukkan tidak efektif karena kematian nyamuk uji adalah 71,74% dan 37,33%. Hasil studi KAP menunjukkan sikap 100% setuju untuk menerima pembagian kelambu berinsektisida, tetapi tidak bersedia mencuci kelambu tersebut. Efektivitas kelambu berinsektisida berkorelasi dengan pencucian kelambu. Penggunaan kelambu berinsektisida akan efektif mencegah penularan malaria bila didukung oleh perawatan yang baik terhadap kelambu berinsektisida tersebut.