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3. High-field magnetization of a two dimensional spin frustration system Ni$_{5}$(TeO$_{3}$)$_{4}$X$_{2}$ (X = Br and Cl)

Author

Her, J. L., Matsuda, Y. H., Suga, K., Kindo, K., Takeyama, S., Berger, H., and Yang, H. D.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

High-field magnetization, M($H$), on Ni$_{5}$(TeO$_{3}$)$_{4}$X$_{2}$ (X = Br and Cl) were measured by using a pulse magnet. These compounds have a two dimensional crystal structure and a distorted kagome spin frustrated system which is builded by the Ni$^{2+}$ ions ($\textbf{S}$ = 1). The N\'eel transition temperatures are $T_{N} \sim$ 28 and 23 K for X = Br and Cl, respectively. When $T < T_{N}$, we observed a step-like transition at $H_{c} \sim$ 11 and 10 T for X = Br and Cl, respectively. On the other hand, at $T > T_{N}$, the field-dependent magnetization curves behaved like a monotonically increasing straight line up to 55 T. The $H_{c}$ value is close to those obtained by previous spin resonance studies in which a model of spin-flop scenario was proposed to explain the field-dependent resonance spectra. Their model predicts a further transition at around 23 T, however, our observations did not show any plateau behaviors, saturation or other anomalies up to 55 T, suggesting that the further transition possibly exists at a much higher field region., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures

Published
2009
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4. Radiation Damage Study for PHENIX Silicon Stripixel Sensors

Author

Asai, J., Batsouli, S., Boyle, K., Castillo, V., Cianciolo, V., Fields, D., Haegeman, C., Hoeferkamp, M., Hosoi, Y., Ichimiya, R., Inoue, Y., Kawashima, M., Komatsubara, T., Kurita, K., Li, Z., Lynch, D., Nguyen, M., Murakami, T., Nouicer, R., Ohnishi, H., Pak, R., Sakashita, K., Shibata, T. -A., Suga, K., Taketani, A., and Tojo, J.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Silicon stripixel sensors which were developed at BNL will be installed as part of the RHIC-PHENIX silicon vertex tracker (VTX). RHIC II operations provide luminosity up to 2x10^32 /cm2/s so the silicon stripixel sensors will be exposed to a significant amount of radiation. The most problematic radiation effect for VTX is the increase of leakage current, which degrades the signal to noise ratio and may saturate the readout electronics. We studied the radiation damage using the same diodes as CERN-RD48. First, the proportionality between the irradiation fluence and the increase of leakage current of CERN-RD48 was reproduced. Then beam experiments with stripixel sensor were done in which leakage current was found to increase in the same way as that of thereference diode. A stripixel sensor was also irradiated at the PHENIX interaction region (IR) during the 2006 run. We found the same relation between the integrated luminosity and determined fluence from increase of leakage current. The expected fluence is 3-6x10^12 Neq/cm2 (1 MeV neutron equivalent) in RHIC II operations for 10 years. Due to this expected exposure, setting the operating temperature in PHENIX to T< 0 deg. C to suppress leakage current is needed to avoid saturation of preamplifiers., Comment: 26 pages, 23 figures, 7 tables, submitted to NIM

Published
2007

5. High TC ferromagnetism in diluted magnetic semiconducting GaN:Mn films

Author

Hori, H., Sonoda, S., Sasaki, T., Yamamoto, Y., Shimizu, S., Suga, K., and Kindo, K.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Wurtzite GaN:Mn films on sapphire substrates were successfully grown by use of the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) system. The film has an extremely high Curie temperature of around 940 K, although the Mn concentration is only about 3 ~ 5 %. Magnetization measurements were carried out in magnetic fields parallel to the film surface up to 7 T. The magnetization process shows the coexistence of ferromagnetic and paramagnetic contributions at low temperatures, while the typical ferromagnetic magnetization process is mainly observed at high temperatures because of the decrease of the paramagnetic contributions. The observed transport characteristics show a close relation between the magnetism and the impurity conduction. The double exchange mechanism of the Mn-impurity band is one of the possible models for the high-TC ferromagnetism in GaN:Mn., Comment: 20 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Physica B

Published
2002
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17. Comparison of current distribution based on tissue inhomogeneity in magnetic stimulation for treatment of urinary incontinence

Author

Odagaki, M., Suga, K., Sasaki, T., and Hosaka, H.

Subjects
Urinary incontinence -- Care and treatment, Tissues -- Research, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

Four experimental models having different body part structures and two computer models of the female pelvic region were constructed and used to measure the distribution of induced current based on tissue conductivity. This paper reports the current distribution in the female abdomen obtained using experimental and computer models in the magnetic stimulation method for the treatment of urinary incontinence. In addition, the influences of tissue inhomogeneity are discussed. Magnetic stimulation has been reported to be effective for the treatment of urinary incontinence. However, little is known about the distribution of current in the body, and it is necessary to develop magnetic stimulators that more efficiently stimulate muscles and nerves and that are more convenient compared to presently available stimulators. Index Terms--Eddy-current distribution, magnetic stimulation, urinary incontinence.

Published
2005

20. Sizing of a corrugated plate heat exchanger in abottoming organic Rankine cycle for waste heatrecovery of piston aero-engines

Author

Silva Freire, AP, Hanjalić, K, Suga, K, Borello, D, Hadžiabdić, M, Hughes, MG, Olsen, J, Silva Freire, AP, Hanjalić, K, Suga, K, Borello, D, Hadžiabdić, M, Hughes, MG, and Olsen, J

Abstract

This paper investigates the required size of a plate heat exchanger to be used in a bottoming organicRankine cycle to recover waste exhaust heat from a piston aero-engine. The objective of the sizing is tominimise the heat exchanger weight, while ensuring a minimal pressure drop in the working fluid and exhaustgas flows. Two engines are considered that are typical of small (Continental IOF-240, 125BHP) and large(Lycoming IO-720, 400BHP) piston-engine aircraft. The sizing analysis was conducted using MCycle, anopen-source Python package for 1D sizing of power cycle components. It has been identified that the heatexchanger port diameters and exhaust gas channel spacing can contribute significant pressure losses if notappropriately sized. An optimised weight of 7.80 kg for the IOF-240 and 29.8 kg for the IO-720 is possibleusing titanium plates.

Published
2018

21. Supplementary Material for: Barber-Say Syndrome and Ablepharon-Macrostomia Syndrome: A Patient's View

Author

De Maria, B., De Jager, T., Sarubbi, C., Bartsch, O., Bianchi, A., Brancati, F., H.-Y.B., Chung, David, A., Kariminejad, A., Foresti, M., Gallottini, M., Isidor, B., Marchegiani, S., Martins, F., Mazzanti, L., Roche, N., Singh, A., Stevens, C., Suga, K., Zenker, M., and Hennekam, R.C.

Abstract

Barber-Say syndrome (BSS) and ablepharon-macrostomia syndrome (AMS) are infrequently reported congenital malformation disorders caused by mutations in the TWIST2 gene. Both are characterized by abnormalities in ectoderm-derived structures and cause a very unusual morphology of mainly the face in individuals with otherwise normal cognition and normal physical functioning. We studied the impact that the presence of BSS and AMS has on psychosocial functioning of affected individuals and their families, using their point of view to start with. We tabulated frequently asked questions from affected individuals and families, and a parent of an affected child and an affected adult woman offered personal testimonies. We focused on perception of illness, body satisfaction, and the consequences for an otherwise normal individual who has a disorder that interferes with body image. The importance of paying particular attention to the management of both the physical appearance and the consequences of these entities on the quality of life is stressed by the affected individuals themselves.

Published
2017
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22. Three cases of distomolars

Author

Ohata, H, Hayashi, K, Iwamoto, M, Muramatsu, K, Watanabe, A, Narita, M, Suga, K, Takano, N, and Shibahara, T

Published
2013

28. 286P Efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of enzalutamide (ENZ) vs placebo (PL) in chemotherapy-naïve patients (pts) with progressive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC): An Asian multinational study

Author

Ye, D., primary, Ahn, H., additional, Pu, Y-S., additional, Han, W., additional, Xie, L-P., additional, Huang, S-P., additional, Wu, H-C., additional, Ma, L., additional, Qi, J., additional, Zhou, F., additional, Sun, G., additional, Chen, L., additional, Xue, B., additional, Yamada, S., additional, Saito, M., additional, Suga, K., additional, and Sun, Y., additional

Published
2016
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36. Estimation of in-situ shear strength parameters of weathered granitic (masado) slopes using lightweight dynamic cone penetrometer

Author

Tsuchida, T., Athapaththu, Athapaththu, Kano, S., Suga, K., Tsuchida, T., Athapaththu, Athapaththu, Kano, S., and Suga, K.

Abstract

A major problem in the geotechnical approach to the stability of natural slopes is that there is usually little information on the in-situ geotechnical conditions, because of the extreme difficulty associated with ground investigations of steep slopes covered with vegetation. In this study, a lightweight dynamic cone penetration test (LWDCPT) has been introduced for a geotechnical survey of natural weathered granitic (Masado) slopes. Based on a series of direct shear tests, the internal friction angle and the apparent cohesion of reconstituted Masado soil were found to be fairly closely related to the void ratio and the degree of saturation in the soil. From the laboratory calibration tests, an equation was created to relate the dynamic cone resistance (qd) and the void ratio of reconstituted Masado under different degrees of saturation. Equations were developed to calculate the internal friction angle and the apparent cohesion from the value of qd for Masado at a known degree of saturation. LWDCPT and direct shear tests were carried out on undisturbed samples taken from a natural Masado slope. The estimated internal friction angle and the apparent cohesion calculated with the value of qd in the LWDCPTs agreed fairly well with those of tests on the undisturbed samples obtained in laboratory shear tests.

Published
2011

41. Andrology (Male Fertility, Spermatogenesis)

Author

Matsumoto, Y., primary, Goto, S., additional, Hashimoto, H., additional, Kokeguchi, S., additional, Shiotani, M., additional, Okada, H., additional, Cohen - Bacrie, P., additional, Hazout, A., additional, Belloc, S., additional, De Mouzon, J., additional, Menezo, Y., additional, Dumont, M., additional, Junca, A. M., additional, Cohen-Bacrie, M., additional, Alvarez, S., additional, Olivennes, F., additional, Prisant, N., additional, Weltin, M., additional, Geissler, W., additional, Clussmann, C., additional, Strowitzki, T., additional, Eggert-Kruse, W., additional, Endou, Y., additional, Fjii, Y., additional, Motoyama, H., additional, Quintana, F. Q., additional, Zaloa Larreategui, Z. L., additional, Iratxe Penalba, I. P., additional, Sara Ortega, S. O., additional, Monica Martin, M. M., additional, Guillermo Quea, G. Q., additional, Jose Serna, J. S., additional, Showell, M. G., additional, Brown, J., additional, Yazdani, A., additional, Stankiewicz, M. T., additional, Hart, R. J., additional, Zumoffen, C., additional, Munuce, M. J., additional, Caille, A., additional, Ghersevich, S., additional, Lendinez, A. M., additional, Perez-Nevot, B., additional, Palomares, A. R., additional, Serrano Garballo, A., additional, Rodriguez, A., additional, Reche, A., additional, Mayor-Olea, A., additional, Ruiz-Galdon, M., additional, Reyes-Engel, A., additional, Mendiola, J., additional, Jorgensen, N., additional, Andersson, A. M., additional, Calafat, A. M., additional, Redmon, J. B., additional, Drobnis, E. Z., additional, Wang, C., additional, Sparks, A., additional, Thurston, S. W., additional, Liu, F., additional, Swan, S. H., additional, Tarasconi, A. C., additional, Tarasconi, B. V., additional, Tarasconi, D. V., additional, Silva, E. M. V., additional, Fujii, Y., additional, Crha, I., additional, Pribyl, J., additional, Skladal, P., additional, Zakova, J., additional, Ventruba, P., additional, Pohanka, M., additional, De La Fuente, G., additional, Pacheco, A., additional, Velasco, J. A. G., additional, Requena, A., additional, Pacheco Castro, A., additional, San Celestino Carchenilla, M., additional, Salvanes, R., additional, Arnanz, A., additional, Balmori, C., additional, Pellicer, A., additional, Garcia-Velasco, J. A., additional, Ishikawa, T., additional, Fujisawa, M., additional, Kranz, S., additional, Hersemeyer, K., additional, Hentrich, A., additional, Tinneberg, H. R., additional, Konrad, L., additional, Simon, L., additional, Lutton, D., additional, McManus, J., additional, Lewis, S. E. M., additional, Rubio, S., additional, Simon Sanjurjo, P., additional, Lewis, S., additional, Buzzi, J., additional, Valcarcel, A., additional, Lombardi, E., additional, Oses, R., additional, Rawe, V., additional, Young, E., additional, Magendzo, A., additional, Lizama, S., additional, Duque, G., additional, Mackenna, A., additional, Monqaut, A., additional, Zavaleta, C., additional, Lopez, G., additional, Lafuente, R., additional, Brassesco, M., additional, Condorelli, R., additional, La Vignera, S., additional, La Rosa, S., additional, Barone, N., additional, Vicari, E., additional, Bellanca, S., additional, D'Agata, R., additional, Calogero, A. E., additional, Enciso, M., additional, Iglesias, M., additional, Galan, I., additional, Gosalvez, A., additional, Gosalvez, J., additional, Curaba, M., additional, Poels, J., additional, Van Langendonckt, A., additional, Donnez, J., additional, Wyns, C., additional, Garcez, M., additional, Salvador, M., additional, Pasqualotto, E. B., additional, Braga, D. P. A. F., additional, Borges, E., additional, Pasqualotto, F. F., additional, Aoki, T., additional, Figueira, R. C. S., additional, Maldonado, L. G. L., additional, Iaconelli, A., additional, Frassini, R., additional, Mandelli, J., additional, Setti, A. S., additional, Cortezzi, S. S., additional, Di Mauro, M., additional, Burrello, N., additional, Kashir, J., additional, Jones, C., additional, Young, C., additional, Ruas, M., additional, Grasa, P., additional, Rietdorf, K., additional, Heytens, E., additional, Heindryckx, B., additional, Yoon, S. Y., additional, Fissore, R. A., additional, Deane, C. M., additional, Nikiforaki, D., additional, Tee, S. T., additional, de Sutter, P., additional, Parrington, J., additional, Coward, K., additional, Visser, L., additional, Westerveld, G. H., additional, van Daalen, S. K. M., additional, van der Veen, F., additional, Lombardi, M. P., additional, Repping, S., additional, Cubillos, S., additional, Sanchez, S., additional, Pedraza, J., additional, Charria, G., additional, Aparicio, H., additional, Gongora, A., additional, Caldino, F., additional, Cuneo, S., additional, Ou, J. P., additional, Zhao, W. E., additional, Liu, Y. F., additional, Xu, Y. W., additional, Zhou, C. Q., additional, Al-Asmar Pinar, N., additional, Peinado, V., additional, Gruhn, J., additional, Susiarjo, M., additional, Gil-Salom, M., additional, Martinez-Jabaloyas, J. M., additional, Remohi, J., additional, Rubio, C., additional, Hassold, T., additional, Al-Asmar, N., additional, Rodrigo, L., additional, Hassold, T. J., additional, Bungum, M., additional, Forsell, N., additional, Giwercman, A., additional, Amiri, I., additional, Sheikh, N., additional, Najafi, R., additional, Godarzi, M., additional, Farimani, M., additional, Makukh, H., additional, Tyrkus, M., additional, Zastavna, D., additional, Nakonechnuy, A., additional, Khayat, S. S., additional, Schileiko, L. V., additional, Kurilo, L. F., additional, Garcia-Herrero, S., additional, Garrido, N., additional, Martinez-Conejero, J. A., additional, Romany, L., additional, Meseguer, M., additional, Dorphin, B., additional, Lefevre, M., additional, Gout, C., additional, Oger, P., additional, Yazbeck, C., additional, Rougier, N., additional, De Stefani, S., additional, Scala, V., additional, Benedetti, S., additional, Tagliamonte, M. C., additional, Zavagnini, E., additional, Palini, S., additional, Bulletti, C., additional, Canestrari, F., additional, Subiran, N., additional, Pinto, F. M., additional, Candenas, M. L., additional, Agirregoitia, E., additional, Irazusta, J., additional, Cha, E. M., additional, Lee, J. H., additional, Park, I. H., additional, Lee, K. H., additional, Kim, M. H., additional, Jensen, M. S., additional, Rebordosa, C., additional, Thulstrup, A. M., additional, Toft, G., additional, Sorensen, H. T., additional, Bonde, J. P., additional, Henriksen, T. B., additional, Olsen, J., additional, Bosco, L., additional, Speciale, M., additional, Manno, M., additional, Amireh, N., additional, Roccheri, M. C., additional, Cittadini, E., additional, Wu, P., additional, Lee, Y. M., additional, Chen, H. W., additional, Tzeng, C. R., additional, Llacer, J., additional, Ten, J., additional, Lledo, B., additional, Rodriguez-Arnedo, A., additional, Morales, R., additional, Bernabeu, R., additional, Garcia-Peiro, A., additional, Martinez-Heredia, J., additional, Oliver-Bonet, M., additional, Ribas, J., additional, Abad, C., additional, Amengual, M. J., additional, Navarro, J., additional, Benet, J., additional, Moutou, C., additional, Gardes, N., additional, Nicod, J. C., additional, Becker, N., additional, Bailly, M. P., additional, Galland, I., additional, Pirello, O., additional, Rongieres, C., additional, Wittemer, C., additional, Viville, S., additional, Elmahaishi, W., additional, Smith, B., additional, Doshi, A., additional, Serhal, P., additional, Harper, J. C., additional, Rennemeier, C., additional, Kammerer, U., additional, Dietl, J., additional, Staib, P., additional, Elgmati, K., additional, Nomikos, M., additional, Theodoridou, M., additional, Calver, B., additional, Swann, K., additional, Lai, F. A., additional, Georgiou, I., additional, Lazaros, L., additional, Xita, N., additional, Kaponis, A., additional, Plachouras, N., additional, Hatzi, E., additional, Zikopoulos, K., additional, Ferfouri, F., additional, Clement, P., additional, Molina Gomes, D., additional, Albert, M., additional, Bailly, M., additional, Wainer, R., additional, Selva, J., additional, Vialard, F., additional, Takisawa, T., additional, Usui, K., additional, Kyoya, T., additional, Shibuya, Y., additional, Hattori, H., additional, Sato, Y., additional, Ota, M., additional, Kyono, K., additional, Chiu, P. C., additional, Lam, K. K., additional, Lee, C. L., additional, Chung, M. K., additional, Huang, V. W., additional, O, W. S., additional, Tang, F., additional, Ho, P. C., additional, Yeung, W. S., additional, Kim, C. H., additional, Lee, J. Y., additional, Kim, S. H., additional, Suh, C. S., additional, Shin, Y. K., additional, Kang, Y. J., additional, Jung, J. H., additional, Cha, C. Y., additional, Hwang, E. S., additional, Mukaida, T., additional, Nagaba, M., additional, Takahashi, K., additional, Elkaffash, D., additional, Sedrak, M., additional, Huhtaniemi, I., additional, Abdel-Al, T., additional, Younan, D., additional, Cassuto, N. G., additional, Bouret, D., additional, Hammoud, I., additional, Barak, Y., additional, Seshadri, S., additional, Bates, M., additional, Vince, G., additional, Jones, D. I., additional, Ben Khalifa, M., additional, Montjean, D., additional, Cohen-Bacrie, P., additional, Aubriot, F. X., additional, Cohen, M., additional, Boudjema, E., additional, Magli, M. C., additional, Crippa, A., additional, Baccetti, B., additional, Ferraretti, A. P., additional, Gianaroli, L., additional, Singer, T., additional, Neri, Q. V., additional, Hu, J. C., additional, Maggiulli, R., additional, Kollman, Z., additional, Rauch, E., additional, Schlegel, P. N., additional, Rosenwaks, Z., additional, Palermo, G. D., additional, Zorn, B., additional, Skrbinc, B., additional, Matos, E., additional, Golob, B., additional, Pfeifer, M., additional, Osredkar, J., additional, Sabanegh, E., additional, Sharma, R. K., additional, Thiyagarajan, A., additional, Agarwal, A., additional, Robin, G., additional, Boitrelle, F., additional, Marcelli, F., additional, Marchetti, C., additional, Mitchell, V., additional, Dewailly, D., additional, Rigot, J. M., additional, Rives, N., additional, Perdrix, A., additional, Travers, A., additional, Milazzo, J. P., additional, Mousset-Simeon, N., additional, Mace, B., additional, Jakab, A., additional, Molnar, Z., additional, Benyo, M., additional, Levai, I., additional, Kassai, Z., additional, Ihan, A., additional, Kopitar, A., additional, Kolbezen, M., additional, Vaamonde, D., additional, Da Silva-Grigoletto, M. E., additional, Garcia-Manso, J. M., additional, Vaamonde-Lemos, R., additional, Oehninger, S. C., additional, Walis, G., additional, Monahan, D., additional, Ermolovich, E., additional, Fadlon, E., additional, Abu Elhija, A., additional, Abu Elhija, M., additional, Lunenfeld, E., additional, Huleihel, M., additional, Costantini-Ferrando, M., additional, Hu, J. C. Y., additional, Alvarez, J. G., additional, Velilla, E., additional, Lopez-Teijon, M., additional, Lopez-Fernandez, C., additional, Tempest, H. G., additional, Sun, F., additional, Ko, E., additional, Turek, P., additional, Martin, R. H., additional, Zomeno-Abellan, M. T., additional, Ramirez, A., additional, Gutierrez-Adan, A., additional, Martinez, J. C., additional, Landeras, J., additional, Ballesta, J., additional, Aviles, M., additional, Ganaiem, M., additional, Binder, S., additional, Meinhardt, A., additional, Sousa, L., additional, Grangeia, A., additional, Carvalho, F., additional, Sousa, M., additional, Barros, A., additional, Sifer, C., additional, Sermondade, N., additional, Hafhouf, E., additional, Poncelet, C., additional, Benzacken, B., additional, Levy, R., additional, Wolf, J. P., additional, Crisol, L., additional, Aspichueta, F., additional, Hernandez, M. L., additional, Exposito, A., additional, Matorras, R., additional, Ruiz-Larrea, M. B., additional, Ruiz-Sanz, J. I., additional, Jallad, S., additional, Atig, F., additional, Ben Amor, H., additional, Saad, A. L. I., additional, Kerkeni, A., additional, Ajina, M., additional, Othmane, A. L. I., additional, Koscinski, I., additional, Ladureau, L., additional, Scarselli, F., additional, Casciani, V., additional, Lobascio, M., additional, Minasi, M. G., additional, Rubino, P., additional, Colasante, A., additional, Arizzi, L., additional, Litwicka, K., additional, Iammarrone, E., additional, Ferrero, S., additional, Mencacci, C., additional, Franco, G., additional, Zavaglia, D., additional, Nagy, Z. P., additional, Greco, E., additional, Ohgi, S., additional, Takahashi, M., additional, Kishi, C., additional, Suga, K., additional, Yanaihara, A., additional, Chamley, L. W., additional, Wagner, A., additional, and Shelling, A. N., additional

Published
2010
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45. Gamma Rays and Neutrons from a Large Solar Flare on November 6, 1997

Author

NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC, Yoshimori, M, Suga, K, Nakayama, S, Takeda, H, Ogawa, H, Murphy, R J, Share, G H, NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC, Yoshimori, M, Suga, K, Nakayama, S, Takeda, H, Ogawa, H, Murphy, R J, and Share, G H

Abstract

YohRoh observed a large solar flare (X9/2B) on November 6, 1997. The flare showed strong gamma-ray emission between 11 :S2 and 11:56 UT (peak phase) and several gamma-ray lines were detected. After 11: 56 UT a weak and extended gamma-ray emission was measured. The ratio of Mg+Si+Fe to C+O+Ne line fluxes was enhanced by a factor of about three in the extended phase. The Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment (OSSE) on board the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO) detected significant neutrons associated with the flare between 12:08 and 12:30 UT. The observed neutron count-rate time profile suggests that neutrons originated in interactions that occurred in both peak and extended phases., Published in Advanced Space Research, v30 n3 p629-634, 2002.

Published
2002

46. Gamma-Ray Line Observations of the 2000 July 14 Flare and SEP Impact on the Earth

Author

NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC E O HULBURT CENTER FOR SPACE RESEARCH, Share, G H, Murphy, R J, Tylka, A J, Schwartz, R A, Yoshimori, M, Suga, K, Nakayama, S, Takeda, H, NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC E O HULBURT CENTER FOR SPACE RESEARCH, Share, G H, Murphy, R J, Tylka, A J, Schwartz, R A, Yoshimori, M, Suga, K, Nakayama, S, and Takeda, H

Abstract

The HXS and GRS detectors on Yohkoh observed the 2000 July 14, X5.7 flare, beginning at 10:20 UT, 4 m before the peak in soft X rays. The hard X rays and rays peaked 3 m later at 10:27 UT. Solar -ray emission lasted until 10:40 UT. Impact of high-energy ions at the Sun is revealed by the -ray lines from neutron capture, annihilation radiation and de-excitation that are visible above the bremsstrahlung continuum. From measurement of these lines we find that the flareaveraged spectrum of accelerated protons is consistent with a power law 10 MeV with index 3.14 0.15 and flux 1.1 10(expn 32) MeV 1 at 10 MeV. We estimate that there were 1.5 10(expn 30) erg in accelerated ions if the power law extended without a break down to 1 MeV; this is about 1% of the energy in electrons 20 keV from measurements of the hard X rays. We find no evidence for spectral hardening in the hard X rays that has been suggested as a predictor for the occurrence of solar energetic particle (SEP) events. This was the third largest proton event above 10 MeV since 1976. The GRS and HXS also observed -ray lines and continuum produced by the impact of SEP on the Earth s atmosphere beginning about 13 UT on July 14. These measurements show that the SEP spectrum softened considerably over the next 24 hours. We compare these measurements with proton measurements in space., 2001, Solar Physics, 204: p. 43. Prepared in collaboration with the Hughes/STX Corp, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, and the Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan.

Published
2001

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