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Background: Wide variation exists globally in the treatment and outcomes of stage III patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We conducted an up-to-date patterns of care analysis in the state of Victoria, Australia, with a particular focus on the proportion of patients receiving treatment with radical intent, treatment trends over time, and survival. Materials and Methods: Stage III patients with NSCLC were identified in the Victorian Lung Cancer Registry and categorized by treatment received and treatment intent. Logistic regression was used to explore factors predictive of receipt of radical treatment and the treatment trends over time. Cox regression was used to explore variables associated with overall survival (OS). Covariates evaluated included age, sex, ECOG performance status, smoking status, year of diagnosis, Australian born, Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander status, socioeconomic status, rurality, public/private status of notifying institution, and multidisciplinary meeting discussion. Results: A total of 1396 patients were diagnosed between 2012 and 2019 and received treatment with radical intent 67%, palliative intent 23%, unknown intent 5% and no treatment 5%. Radical intent treatment was less likely if patients were >75 years, ECOG ≥1, had T3-4 or N3 disease or resided rurally. Surgery use decreased over time, while concurrent chemoradiotherapy and immunotherapy use increased. Median OS was 38.0, 11.1, and 4.4 months following radical treatment, palliative treatment or no treatment, respectively. Conclusion: Almost a third of stage III patients with NSCLC still do not receive radical treatment. Strategies to facilitate radical treatment and better support decision making between increasing multimodality options are required. Variations exist in the treatment and outcomes for patients with stage III non–small cell lung cancer. This article reports an up-to-date patterns of care analysis focusing on the proportion of patients receiving treatment with radical intent, treatment trends over time, and survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis affects 62% of adults with bronchiectasis and is linked to greater bronchiectasis severity. However, the impact of symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis on disease‐specific and cough‐related quality of life is unknown. Methods: In this cross‐sectional study, adults with stable bronchiectasis and chronic rhinosinusitis symptoms completed the sinonasal outcome test‐22 (SNOT‐22), quality of life–bronchiectasis questionnaire, and Leicester cough questionnaire. Bronchiectasis severity was assessed using the bronchiectasis severity index (BSI) and chest high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Results: Sixty participants with bronchiectasis (mean [SD] forced expiratory volume in 1 s of 73.2 [25.5] %predicted) were included. Greater severity of chronic rhinosinusitis symptoms (based on SNOT‐22) was moderately associated with impaired cough‐related quality of life (according to the Leicester cough questionnaire; all r > −.60) and impaired bronchiectasis‐specific quality of life (based on the quality of life–bronchiectasis questionnaire), with impaired physical function (r = −.518), less vitality (r = −.631), reduced social function (r = −.546), greater treatment burden (r = −.411), and increased severity of respiratory symptoms (r = −.534). Chronic rhinosinusitis symptoms were unrelated to disease severity according to the BSI (r =.135) and HRCT scoring (all r <.200). The severity of chronic rhinosinusitis symptoms was not affected by sputum color (p =.417) or the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization (p =.73). Conclusions: In adults with bronchiectasis, chronic rhinosinusitis has a consistent and negative impact on both cough‐related and bronchiectasis‐specific quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is characterised by sputum production, exercise limitation and recurrent infections. Although pulmonary rehabilitation is advocated for this patient group, its effects are unclear. The aims of this study are to determine the short and long term effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on exercise capacity, cough, quality of life and the incidence of acute pulmonary exacerbations. Methods/Design This randomised controlled trial aims to recruit 64 patients with bronchiectasis from three tertiary institutions. Participants will be randomly allocated to the intervention group (supervised, twice weekly exercise training with regular review of airway clearance therapy) or a control group (twice weekly telephone support). Measurements will be taken at baseline, immediately following the intervention and at six and 12 months following the intervention period by a blinded assessor. Exercise capacity will be measured using the incremental shuttle walk test and the six-minute walk test. Quality of life and health status will be measured using the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire, Leicester Cough Questionnaire, Assessment of Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The rate of hospitalisation will be captured as well as the incidence of acute pulmonary exacerbations using a daily symptom diary. Discussion Results from this study will help to determine the efficacy of supervised twice-weekly pulmonary rehabilitation upon exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with bronchiectasis and will contribute to clinical practice guidelines for physiotherapists in the management of this population. Trial registration This study protocol is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00885521).

Background: Annual influenza vaccination is recommended to all individuals over 6 months of age, including predominantly antibody deficiency (PAD) patients. Vaccination responses are typically evaluated by serology, and because PAD patients are by definition impaired in generating IgG and receive immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT), it remains unclear whether they can mount an antigen‐specific response. Objective: To quantify and characterise the antigen‐specific memory B (Bmem) cell compartment in healthy controls and PAD patients following an influenza booster vaccination. Methods: Recombinant hemagglutinin (HA) from the A/Michigan/2015 H1N1 (AM15) strain with an AviTag was generated in a mammalian cell line, and following targeted biotinylation, was tetramerised with BUV395 or BUV737 streptavidin conjugates. Multicolour flow cytometry was applied on blood samples before and 28 days after booster influenza vaccination in 16 healthy controls and five PAD patients with circulating Bmem cells. Results: Recombinant HA tetramers were specifically recognised by 0.5–1% of B cells in previously vaccinated healthy adults. HA‐specific Bmem cell numbers were significantly increased following booster vaccination and predominantly expressed IgG1. Similarly, PAD patients carried HA‐specific Bmem cells, predominantly expressing IgG1. However, these numbers were lower than in controls and did not increase following booster vaccination. Conclusion: We have successfully identified AM15‐specific Bmem cells in healthy controls and PAD patients. The presence of antigen‐specific Bmem cells could offer an additional diagnostic tool to aid in the clinical diagnosis of PAD. Furthermore, alterations in the number or immunophenotype of HA‐specific Bmem cells post‐booster vaccination could assist in the evaluation of immune responses in individuals receiving IgRT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Conflicting results regarding the impact of repeated vaccination on influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) may cause confusion regarding the benefits of receiving the current season's vaccine.Methods: We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature from database inception to August 17, 2016, for observational studies published in English that reported VE against laboratory-confirmed influenza for four vaccination groups, namely current season only, prior season only, both seasons, and neither season. We pooled differences in VE (∆VE) between vaccination groups by influenza season and type/subtype using a random effects model. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42016037241).Results: We identified 3435 unique articles, reviewed the full text of 634, and included 20 for meta-analysis. Compared to prior season vaccination only, vaccination in both seasons was associated with greater protection against influenza H1N1 (∆VE = 26%; 95% CI, 15% to 36%) and B (∆VE = 24%; 95% CI, 7% to 42%), but not H3N2 (∆VE = 10%; 95% CI, -6% to 25%). Compared to no vaccination for either season, individuals who received the current season's vaccine had greater protection against H1N1 (∆VE = 61%; 95% CI, 50% to 70%), H3N2 (∆VE = 41%; 95% CI, 33% to 48%), and B (∆VE = 62%; 95% CI, 54% to 68%). We observed no differences in VE between vaccination in both seasons and the current season only for H1N1 (∆VE = 4%; 95% CI, -7% to 15%), H3N2 (∆VE = -12%; 95% CI, -27% to 4%), or B (∆VE = -8%; 95% CI, -17% to 1%).Conclusions: From the patient perspective, our results support current season vaccination regardless of prior season vaccination. We found no overall evidence that prior season vaccination negatively impacts current season VE. It is important that future VE studies include vaccination history over multiple seasons in order to evaluate repeated vaccination in more detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Patients with COPD and patients with bronchiectasis undertake airway clearance therapy and exercise as part of management, but the effect of these activities on gastroesophageal acid exposure is unknown. This study aimed to determine if positive expiratory pressure (PEP) therapy and standardized exercise tasks were associated with increased gastroesophageal reflux. METHODS: During dual-probe 24 hour esophageal pH monitoring, all participants undertook a single session of PEP therapy, a measure of submaximal exercise capacity (6-min walk test [6MWT]), and a functional upper limb task (grocery shelving task [GST]). The number of reflux episodes and fractional reflux time (reflux index [RI]) were recorded during each intervention and compared to equivalent background time (BGT). RESULTS: Fifty-seven participants (30 with bronchiectasis, 27 with COPD, mean ± SD age 61 ± 13 y, FEV1 61.2 ± 24.6% predicted) completed the study. Episodes of isolated distal esophageal reflux occurred in 30% of participants during PEP therapy, 22% during the 6MWT, and 20% during the GST. However, there was no significant difference in distal RI during 6MWT or PEP therapy, compared to BGT (all P > .05). The number of reflux episodes was decreased, compared to BGT during the GST (P = .001) and 6MWT (P = .001), but not during PEP therapy (P = .71). CONCLUSIONS: Episodes of gastroesophageal reflux may occur during physiotherapy tasks, including airway clearance therapy using mouthpiece PEP, the 6MWT, and a measure of upper limb movement. However, as these activities did not increase the frequency of these events, no modifications to these tasks to minimize the occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]