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Abstract Although the acute stress response is a highly adaptive survival mechanism, much remains unknown about how its activation impacts our decisions and actions. Based on its resource-mobilizing function, here we hypothesize that this intricate psychophysiological process may increase the willingness (motivation) to engage in effortful, energy-consuming, actions. Across two experiments (n = 80, n = 84), participants exposed to a validated stress-induction protocol, compared to a no-stress control condition, exhibited an increased willingness to exert physical effort (grip force) in the service of avoiding the possibility of experiencing aversive electrical stimulation (threat-of-shock), but not for the acquisition of rewards (money). Use of computational cognitive models linked this observation to subjective value computations that prioritize safety over the minimization of effort expenditure; especially when facing unlikely threats that can only be neutralized via high levels of grip force. Taken together, these results suggest that activation of the acute stress response can selectively alter the willingness to exert effort for safety-related goals. These findings are relevant for understanding how, under stress, we become motivated to engage in effortful actions aimed at avoiding aversive outcomes.

Background: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health has been widely reported. Yet, little remains known about the psychological mechanisms associated with changes in mental well-being during the currently ongoing pandemic. Methods: Here, we use a network analysis to unravel complex relationships between COVID-19 related stressors and emotional states during the initial phase of the COVID-19 (April 2020). Adults living in the Netherlands and Belgium (N = 1145, age 16 and older) (repeatedly) completed an online survey (approximate survey completion rate = 66.2%) about COVID-19 (over a 5-day maximum sampling period). Results: Partial correlations and contemporaneous networks illustrated that worries about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic were primarily associated with distress and mood ratings, which were subsequently associated with other indicators of well-being. Temporal network analysis revealed that COVID-19 worries were selectively associated with the reciprocal interplay between high distress and low positive mood (https://osf.io/vtdkr/). Limitations: Short-term temporal intervals were evaluated. A small percentage of participants completed the survey repeatedly (35.63% of the total sample), yielding to a relatively small sample size for repeated measures online research. The sample was self-selected. Conclusion: These results may point to potential mechanisms by which initial worries about the COVID-19 pandemic may have impacted psychological well-being.

To leverage agriculture's potential to better benefit both people and nature, policymakers need clear messages about which farming practices positively impact biodiversity and yields, and when trade-offs arise. Existing reviews analyse effects of different agricultural practices on either biodiversity or yield, without considering interactions. Here, we applied multinomial and quantile regression models to synthesize global evidence of synergies and trade-offs between biodiversity and yield, using 764 paired observations (from 43 studies across 18 countries) comparing diversified and simplified farming systems. Results show that farmland diversification led to win-win outcomes for biodiversity and yield in 23% of cases, while a win for biodiversity coupled with a loss in yield was the most likely outcome (28% of cases). Yield and biodiversity responses were negatively correlated, meaning that diversifying farming systems solely in pursuit of production goals is unlikely to lead to markedly better outcomes for biodiversity, or vice-versa. Yet certain situations made win-win significantly more likely, including when crop and animal production, or multiple diversification practices (e.g., intercropping and cover crops), were combined, when no agrochemicals were applied, when diversification occurred in temperate climates, and when diversification enhanced below-ground taxa. Win-win was also more likely than lose-lose when biodiversity was measured as richness or richness-evenness, but not abundance, suggesting that in certain contexts diversified farming can effectively enhance species diversity while increasing agricultural yields. Overall, crop commodity group and bioclimatic location were amongst the most important contextual factors influencing the likelihood of a synergy or trade-off between biodiversity and yield, and diversification that accounts for these is less likely to lead to unexpected outcomes. Our novel method and up-to-date review show that farmland diversification frequently leads to better outcomes for biodiversity and/or agricultural production when compared to monocultures and farmland stripped of natural vegetation, opening a pathway to more sustainable agricultural production.

Measurement(s) yield trait • biodiversity outcomes Technology Type(s) Meta-Analysis Factor Type(s) Crop type • non-domesticated taxa Sample Characteristic - Organism Mammalia • Arthropoda • Aves • Amphibian • Annelida • Eukaryota • Nematoda • Plant • Reptile Sample Characteristic - Environment agricultural field • natural environment Sample Characteristic - Location global Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14723913

BackgroundMarijuana use is common in persons with HIV, but there is limited evidence of its relationship with potential health benefits or harms. ObjectiveThe Marijuana Associated Planning and Long-term Effects (MAPLE) study was designed to evaluate the impact of marijuana use on HIV-related health outcomes, cognitive function, and systemic inflammation. MethodsThe MAPLE study is a longitudinal cohort study of participants living with HIV who were recruited from 3 locations in Florida and were either current marijuana users or never regular marijuana users. At enrollment, participants completed questionnaires that included detailed marijuana use assessments, underwent interviewer-administered neurocognitive assessments, and provided blood and urine samples. Ongoing follow-ups included brief telephone assessments (every 3 months), detailed questionnaires (annually), repeated blood and urine samples (2 years), and linkage to medical records and statewide HIV surveillance data. Supplemental measures related to intracellular RNA, COVID-19, Alzheimer disease, and the gut microbiome were added after study initiation. ResultsThe MAPLE study completed enrollment of 333 persons between 2018 and 2021. The majority of participants in the sample were ≥50 years of age (200/333, 60.1%), male (181/333, 54.4%), cisgender men (173/329, 52.6%), non-Hispanic Black (221/333, 66.4%), and self-reported marijuana users (260/333, 78.1%). Participant follow-up was completed in 2022, with annual updates to HIV surveillance data through at least 2027. ConclusionsThe MAPLE study is the largest cohort specifically designed to understand the use of marijuana and its effects on HIV-related outcomes. The study population has significant diversity across age, sex, gender, and race. The data will help clinicians and public health officials to better understand patterns of marijuana use associated with both positive and negative health outcomes, and may inform recommendations for future clinical trials related to medical marijuana and HIV. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/37153

Abstract Background Since 1969, 49 cases have been presented on ring chromosome 4. All of these cases have been characterized for the loss of genetic material. The genes located in these chromosomal regions are related to the phenotype. Case presentation A 10-year-old Ecuadorian Mestizo girl with ring chromosome 4 was clinically, cytogenetically and molecularly analysed. Clinical examination revealed congenital anomalies, including microcephaly, prominent nose, micrognathia, low set ears, bilateral clinodactyly of the fifth finger, small sacrococcygeal dimple, short stature and mental retardation. Cytogenetic studies showed a mosaic karyotype, mos 46,XX,r(4)(p16.3q35.2)/46,XX, with a ring chromosome 4 from 75 to 79% in three studies conducted over ten years. These results were confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Loss of 1.7 Mb and gain of 342 kb in 4p16.3 and loss of 3 Mb in 4q35.2 were identified by high-resolution mapping array. Conclusion Most cases with ring chromosome 4 have deletion of genetic material in terminal regions; however, our case has inv dup del rearrangement in the ring chromosome formation. Heterogeneous clinical features in all cases reviewed are related to the amount of genetic material lost or gained. The application of several techniques can increase our knowledge of ring chromosome 4 and its deviations from typical “ring syndrome.”

We aimed to evaluate the effects of the five main classes of antihypertensive agents on the long-term outcome of 313 consecutive patients discharged after acute ischemic stroke (36.4% males, age 78.5 ± 6.3 years). One year after discharge, the functional status [evaluated with the modified Rankin scale (mRS)], the occurrence of cardiovascular events, and vital status were recorded. Patients prescribed angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) had lower mRS than patients not prescribed ARBs (1.7 ± 2.0 vs. 2.9 ± 2.5, respectively; p = 0.006). The rates of adverse outcome (mRS 2-6) and cardiovascular events did not differ between patients prescribed each one of the major classes of antihypertensive agents and those not prescribed the respective class. Patients who were prescribed ARBs had lower risk of death during follow-up than patients who did not receive ARBs (9.4 and 26.9%, respectively; p < 0.05). In binary logistic regression analysis, the only independent predictor of all-cause mortality during follow-up was the mRS at discharge (relative risk 1.69, 95% confidence interval 1.25–2.28; p < 0.001). In conclusion, in patients discharged after acute ischemic stroke, administration of ARBs appears to have a more beneficial effect on long-term functional outcome and all-cause mortality than treatment with other classes of antihypertensive agents.

The expansion and intensification of agriculture have led to global declines in biodiversity. This paper presents a systematic review protocol to clarify under what management and landscape contexts diversified farming practices are effective at improving outcomes for terrestrial biodiversity, and potential trade-offs or synergies with agricultural yields. The systematic review will be developed following the Reporting Standards for Systematic Evidence Syntheses (ROSES). The review will include articles that compare levels of diversity (e.g., abundance, richness, Shannon’s diversity index) of any terrestrial taxon (e.g., arthropods, mammals) in diversified farming systems to levels in simplified farming systems and/or natural habitats, prioritising articles that also report agricultural yields. We will search for relevant peer-reviewed primary studies in two global repositories: Scopus and Web of Science, and among primary studies included in previous meta-analyses that are retrieved from the search. Full-texts of identified articles will be screened using a clear inclusion/exclusion eligibility criteria. All included articles will be assessed to determine their internal validity. A narrative synthesis will be performed to summarize, describe and present the results, and where the articles provide sufficient and appropriate data, we will conduct a quantitative meta-analysis.

Technology enabled learning is becoming more popular and pervasive in education. While the effectiveness of distance learning versus traditional classroom education is strongly debated, human factors such as students’ perception of their professors can influence their desire to learn. This research examines the perceptual effect of attractive professors on business students enrolled in distance learning courses. This study expands on prior studies by testing whether the attractiveness of the professor matters to student learning within the context of online learning environment. A total of 122 online business students were surveyed. Our findings suggest that professor’s attractiveness has a statistically significant effect on student learning, motivation, and satisfaction. In addition, online students perceived attractive professors with more expertise as an instructor. Female students had higher motivation than male students. Furthermore, separate analysis indicated that attractiveness effects were stronger for participants over the age 46 when compared to other groups.

Pastoral care is a biblical mandate to the Church to be involved in the lives of God’s people. A key metaphor used by Jesus to describe his pastoral role was that of a shepherd. Thus, to be God’s shepherds and instruments of healing and transformation in God’s world is an imperative to all people, clergy and laity alike. The brokenness in South African society is strikingly apparent, exacerbated by the effects of exceptionally high criminal behaviour as statistics show. The demand for pastoral care and assistance with various personal problems is on the increase, with many non-church goers turning to churches for help. Also apparent in South Africa is the acute shortage of trained individuals to offer care and counselling. The task of offering care is not the sole responsibility of clergy, as all are called to be shepherds and caregivers. The importance and urgency in training church-based counselling teams cannot be overstated. More so in that we are becoming increasingly aware that not only are individuals in need of care, but whole communities are struggling with trauma and life’s challenges, and often do not know whom to turn to. In pursuance of the realisation that pastoral care is the function and duty of all Christians, this article will delineate in particular an explanation of lay counselling, reasons for its importance including biblical foundations, where and how ordinary South Africans can get involved, and will propose certain models and approaches for getting started. These models will not be discussed in depth, but present an opportunity for the next. Teams for these models consist of professional counsellors, but ought not to be restricted to a select few, as all are called to this special ministry and can be trained for the task, which will include on-going supervision and mentoring. The overall purpose of this article is to highlight the urgency of training lay counsellors and some recommendations will be made how to apply it, in an attempt to be faithful to the biblical mandate and examples set by Jesus Christ.

Die fokus van hierdie artikel is om aan te toon dat pedoseksualiteit en pedofilie ’n uitdaging aan die pastoraat en die kerk stel. Nie net in Suid-Afrika nie, maar ook internasionaal is pedoseksuele gedrag ’n wydverspreide probleem. Navorsing op hierdie gebied is ’n pastorale uitdaging. Volgens baie mense is seksueel-afwykende gedrag nie iets wat in die Christengemeenskap voorkom nie. Dit is egter ver van die waarheid af. Pedoseksualiteit en pedofilie kom voor in alle beroepe, op alle sosio-ekonomiese vlakke, in alle ouderdomme, kulture en seksuele oriëntasies en in alle gelowe. Pedofilie word in twee hoofgroepe verdeel, naamlik die situasionele kindermolesteerder en die voorkeur-kindermolesteerder. Die wortels van pedofilie lê normaalweg in die kinderjare terwyl die seksuele wanorde gedurende adolessensie ontwikkel. Drie tipes lewenservaring op ’n vroeë ouderdom word aangedui as aanleidend tot pedoseksualiteit, naamlik seksuele kontak vóór die ouderdom van 16 jaar met ’n aansienlik ouer persoon; seksuele kontak voor die ouderdom van 13 jaar met lede van die eie portuurgroep; en nie-seksuele geweld wat hoofsaaklik deur ouers teenoor kinders gepleeg is. Aangesien daar geen rehabiliteringsprogramme in Suid-Afrika bestaan vir persone met seksueel-afwykende gedrag nie en seksuele waardes vinnig in die breë samelewing afgeneem het, behoort die kerk op die voorgrond te tree op hierdie gebied. The focus of this article is to show that paedosexuality and paedophilia poses a challenge to both the pastorate and the church. Not only in South Africa, but also internationally, has paedosexual behaviour become a widespread problem. Research in this field poses a pastoral challenge. According to the opinion of most people sexually deviant behaviour is not something that occurs in the Christian community. This assumption, however, is not the truth. Paedosexuality and paedophilia are present in all occupations, on every socio-economic level, in all age groups, all cultures, in all sexual orientations and religions. Paedophilia can be divided into two main groupings, namely the situational and the preference child molester. The roots of paedophilia can usually be traced back to childhood and the dishevelment developed during adolescence. Three types of life experiences are indicated as causal factors in paedosexuality, namely sexual contact before the age of 16 with someone much older; sexual contact before the age of 13 with members of their peer group; and non-sexual violence committed against them – usually by a parent. The church must take the lead on this matter, as there are no existing rehabilitation programs in South Africa for persons with sexual deviant behaviour while sexual values are waning among the general population.

Voordat ’n pastorale terapeut ’n persoon met seksueel afwykende gedrag in die vorm van pedofilie, pastoraal bedien, is daar merkers wat in gedagte gehou moet word ten opsigte van die posisionering van die pastorale terapeut. Daar word aangeneem dat pedofilie nie genees kan word nie, maar slegs beheer en bestuur kan word. Pedofilie is nie net ’n saak vir ander wetenskappe nie, maar beslis ook ’n geestelike saak. Die persoon wat kinders molesteer, beleef dikwels ’n geestelike vakuum. As gevolg hiervan is sy geestelike dimensie remmend en destruktief. ’n Pastorale hermeneutiek is hier uiters belangrik. Dit beteken dat die pastorale terapeut die taak het om God se teenwoordigheid en verhaal vir die persoon met afwykende seksualiteit te vertolk, sodat sy behoeftes, lewenservaringe en nood in die lig van God se liefde en genade in sy lewe sal sin maak. Die pastorale terapeut kan die deelnemer help om te ko-konstrueer sonder om deskundige kennis op hom af te dwing. ’n Pastoraal-terapeutiese vertrouensverhouding en onvoorwaardelike aanvaarding moet sigbaar wees om die belangrikste medium van verandering en genesing te bewerkstellig. Wanneer die pastorale terapeut in verbondenheid met Christus self tot nederige diensbaarheid en medemenslikheid gesuiwer word, kom ’n ware pastoraal-terapeutiese verhouding van vertroue en onvoorwaardelike aanvaarding tot stand. Die pastorale terapeut behoort eers sy of haar eie vertrekpunte rakende pedofilie uit te klaar. Hy of sy sal met sy of haar eie seksualiteit, asook die van ander, gemaklik moet wees. Hierdie navorsing kan pastorale terapeute aanmoedig om ’n bydrae te lewer in die bemagtiging van die pedoseksuele persoon op geestelike gebied en sodoende ’n bydrae tot ’n veiliger gemeenskap lewer. The pastoral therapist as companion of a person displaying sexually deviant behaviour: A hermeneutic angle. Before a pastoral therapist can counsel a person who displays sexually deviant behaviour in the form of paedophilia, there are certain markers pertaining to the therapist’s own positioning that must be observed. It is generally accepted that paedophilia cannot be cured, only controlled and managed. However, paedophilia is not only an issue to be studied by other sciences, it is also a spiritual matter. The person who molests children often harbours a spiritual vacuum within him- or herself. The spiritual vacuum, of which the paedophile may be cognisant or unaware, is the determining factor to which a spiritual dimension that is both restraining and destructive can be attributed. A pastoral hermeneutics is imperative in counselling the paedophile. The pastoral therapist must explain God’s presence and story to the person displaying deviant sexuality to enable him or her to make sense of his or her needs, life experiences and destitution in the light of God’s love and grace. Without imposing specialist knowledge upon the participant, the pastoral therapist can assist him or her to co-construct. A therapeutic relationship based on trust and unconditional acceptance is crucial. The process of change and healing can only be brought about within the parameters and liberty of such a relationship. The pastoral therapist should firstly consider his or her own views regarding paedophilia. He or she must be comfortable with his or her own sexuality, as well as the sexuality of others. The following article aims to encourage pastoral therapists to contribute to the empowerment of the pedosexual person on a spiritual level, and in doing so, contribute to a safer community.

Stroke is a devastating event that carries a potential for long-term disability. Malnutrition is frequently observed in patients with stroke, and dysphagia contributes to malnutrition risk. During both the acute phase of stroke and rehabilitation, specific nutritional interventions in the context of a multidisciplinary team effort can enhance the recovery of neurocognitive function. Early identification and management of malnutrition with dietary modifications or specific therapeutic strategies to ensure adequate nutritional intake should receive more attention, since poor nutritional status appears to exacerbate brain damage and to contribute to adverse outcome. The main purpose of nutritional intervention should be the prevention or treatment of complications resulting from energy-protein deficit. This paper reviews the evaluation and management of malnutrition and the use of specialized nutrition support in patients with stroke. Emphasis is given to enteral tube and oral feeding and to strategies to wean from tube feeding.

Technology enabled learning is becoming more popular and pervasive in education. While the effectiveness of distance learning versus traditional classroom education is strongly debated, human factors such as students' perception of their professors can influence their desire to learn. This research examines the perceptual effect of attractive professors on business students enrolled in distance learning courses. This study expands on prior studies by testing whether the attractiveness of the professor matters to student learning within the context of online learning environment. A total of 122 online business students were surveyed. Our findings suggest that professor's attractiveness has a statistically significant effect on student learning, motivation, and satisfaction. In addition, online students perceived attractive professors with more expertise as an instructor. Female students had higher motivation than male students. Furthermore, separate analysis indicated that attractiveness effects were stronger for participants over the age 46 when compared to other groups.[The volume number (13) shown on the PDF is incorrect.]

The objective of this study was to assess the concentrations of selected heavy metals at Kuru Dam. The result obtained shows that Fe ranged from 0.05- 0.55ppm, As 0.13-0.18ppm, Cu 0.06-0.36ppm, Pb 0.08 -0.46, Cd 0.01-0.02ppm, while Zn 0.01-0.01ppm. The results were compared with, FAO and NESREA standards. The data revealed that Fe, Zn, Cu and Cd concentration levels were found to be less than permissible limit concentration levels of while Cd, Pb, and As in water samples were beyond acceptable limit. Excess Cd could lead to kidney damage, respiratory problems, increased risk of lung cancer, and bone diseases; high concentration of Lead could cause cognitive impairments, learning disabilities, developmental issues in children, while overexposure to Arsenic may cause skin lesions, cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer, bladder cancer, and induce developmental abnormalities in children, accordingly. More so, excess levels of cadmium, lead, and arsenic have extensive implications for human health, environmental sustainability, and socio-economic aspects in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) is increasingly suggested as a discriminant sleep state for subtle signs of age-related neurodegeneration. While REMS expression is under strong circadian control and circadian dysregulation increases with age, the association between brain aging and circadian REMS regulation has not yet been assessed. Here, we measure the circadian amplitude of REMS through a 40-h in-lab multiple nap protocol in controlled laboratory conditions, and brain microstructural integrity with quantitative multi-parameter mapping (MPM) imaging in 86 older individuals. We show that reduced circadian REMS amplitude is related to lower magnetization transfer saturation (MTsat), longitudinal relaxation rate (R1) and effective transverse relaxation rate (R2*) values in several white matter regions mostly located around the lateral ventricles, and with lower R1 values in grey matter clusters encompassing the hippocampus, parahippocampus, thalamus and hypothalamus. Our results further highlight the importance of considering circadian regulation for understanding the association between sleep and brain structure in older individuals.

Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in the world, with ischemic heart disease (i.e., myocardial infarction) and cerebrovascular disease (i.e., stroke) taking the highest toll. Advances in diagnosis and treatment have led to a significant alleviation of ischemic complications, specifically in the realm of pharmacotherapy and interventional devices, while pharmacogenomics has yet to be fully leveraged to improve the burden of disease. Atherothrombotic events might occur earlier or respond worse to treatment in patients with genetic variants of GP IIb/IIIa. Therefore, we aimed to quantitate the involvement of the PlA2 variant in the risk of cerebral stroke events. A systematic search and meta-analysis were performed by pooling the risks of individual studies. A total of 31 studies comprising 5985 stroke patients and 7886 controls were analyzed. A meta-analysis of four studies on hemorrhagic stroke patients showed no association with the PIA2 rs5918(C) polymorphism in both fixed-effect (OR = 0.90 95%CI [0.71; 1.14]; p = 0.398) and random-effect models (OR = 0.86 95%CI [0.62; 1.20]; p-value = 0.386). The power of this analysis was below p = 0.001) and random-effect models (OR = 1.20 95%CI [1.04; 1.38]; p-value = 0.012), with a power of >80%. The PIA2 allele was associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke. No association was found with hemorrhagic stroke, most likely due to the small number of available studies, which resulted in a lack of power.

Abstract Background The selection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with higher alcohol tolerance can potentially increase the industrial production of ethanol fuel. However, the design of selection protocols to obtain bioethanol yeasts with higher alcohol tolerance poses the challenge of improving industrial strains that are already robust to high ethanol levels. Furthermore, yeasts subjected to mutagenesis and selection, or laboratory evolution, often present adaptation trade-offs wherein higher stress tolerance is attained at the expense of growth and fermentation performance. Although these undesirable side effects are often associated with acute selection regimes, the utility of using harsh ethanol treatments to obtain robust ethanologenic yeasts still has not been fully investigated. Results We conducted an adaptive laboratory evolution by challenging four populations (P1–P4) of the Brazilian bioethanol yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae PE-2_H4, through 68–82 cycles of 2-h ethanol shocks (19–30% v/v) and outgrowths. Colonies isolated from the final evolved populations (P1c–P4c) were subjected to whole-genome sequencing, revealing mutations in genes enriched for the cAMP/PKA and trehalose degradation pathways. Fitness analyses of the isolated clones P1c–P3c and reverse-engineered strains demonstrated that mutations were primarily selected for cell viability under ethanol stress, at the cost of decreased growth rates in cultures with or without ethanol. Under this selection regime for stress survival, the population P4 evolved a protective snowflake phenotype resulting from BUD3 disruption. Despite marked adaptation trade-offs, the combination of reverse-engineered mutations cyr1 A1474T /usv1Δ conferred 5.46% higher fitness than the parental PE-2_H4 for propagation in 8% (v/v) ethanol, with only a 1.07% fitness cost in a culture medium without alcohol. The cyr1 A1474T /usv1Δ strain and evolved P1c displayed robust fermentations of sugarcane molasses using cell recycling and sulfuric acid treatments, mimicking Brazilian bioethanol production. Conclusions Our study combined genomic, mutational, and fitness analyses to understand the genetic underpinnings of yeast evolution to ethanol shocks. Although fitness analyses revealed that most evolved mutations impose a cost for cell propagation, combination of key mutations cyr1 A1474T /usv1Δ endowed yeasts with higher tolerance for growth in the presence of ethanol. Moreover, alleles selected for acute stress survival comprising the P1c genotype conferred stress tolerance and optimal performance under conditions simulating the Brazilian industrial ethanol production.

In this study, the effects of isoquinoline alkaloids (IQs) on various parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were investigated. Three different treatments were administered to 300 sub-adult trouts, with four replicates each. The Control group received a basal diet, while the other two groups were fed diets supplemented with an IQs preparation (Sangrovit® Feed Aqua) at 500 and 1000 g/t of feed, respectively. The results demonstrated that the Sang1000 group exhibited significantly higher body weight (BW) and specific growth rate (SGR), but lower feed conversion rate (FCR) and mortality compared to the other groups (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the oxidative status assessment revealed that IQs positively influenced the oxidative status of the fillet but did not impact the oxidative profile of the blood serum. Additionally, the histomorphometry analysis of the intestine and skin indicated that the Sang1000 group had the highest number of goblet cells per villi in the anterior intestine, along with the largest mucoid cell size. Also, gene expression analysis indicated that IQs positively supported growth in trouts. To summarize, the supplementation of fish diets with IQs resulted in improved growth performance, reduced oxidative stress in fillet, and enhanced intestinal histomorphometry in rainbow trouts.

Key Clinical Message This case report provides a peculiar case of tuberculous constrictive pericarditis (TCP) who presented with right ventricular dysfunction after pericardiectomy. Right ventricular dysfunction is one of the main postoperative complications after pericardiectomy. Rapid and accurate identification of right ventricular dysfunction confirmed by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), associated with the rapid initiation of diuretics and inotropic therapy is necessary for the patient's complete recovery. Abstract TCP is a condition characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis of the pericardium. Pericardiectomy is the standard treatment for patients with constrictive pericarditis and persistent symptoms. One possible surgical complication is right ventricle (RV) failure. We report a case of a 44‐year‐old man who developed RV failure after pericardiectomy for TCP. A 41‐year‐old man with no medical history was referred to our hospital due to progressive dyspnea associated with edema of the lower limbs and significant weight loss (30 kg) over the past 5 months. TTE revealed significant pericardial thickening and mild pericardial effusion with normal RV function. Chest X‐ray showed moderate bilateral pleural effusion. The patient underwent pericardiectomy and bilateral pleural drainage. Histopathological examination showed tuberculosis granulomas with caseous necrosis, and antituberculosis medication was initiated. Postoperative TTEs showed normal RV function and mild pericardial thickening. The patient was discharged home after successful postoperative recovery. Three weeks later, the patient was admitted to the emergency department with dyspnea and hypoxemia. TTE revealed RV systolic dysfunction. Chest CT showed a recurrence of moderate pleural effusion, this time loculated, with restrictive atelectasis of the adjacent lung parenchyma. Diuretics and inotropic therapy were initiated, and the patient underwent lung decortication after confirmation of tuberculous empyema. The patient experienced significant clinical improvement. TTE before discharge showed a decreased RV chamber size with improved RV systolic function. The patient was discharged in a stable condition 30 days after admission with a low dose of oral furosemide. Four months after discharge, he remained asymptomatic with good functional status. Pericardiectomy for TCP may carry the risk of developing RV dysfunction. Furthermore, TCP itself may be associated with other complications, such as empyema. We emphasize the importance of conducting a thorough clinical evaluation for patients with TCP, particularly those undergoing pericardiectomy, to mitigate potential adverse outcomes.

To determine the potential uses and limitations of 3D-CT craniofacial imaging in contemporary clinical practice.