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1. Safety of the PCSK9 inhibitor alirocumab: insights from 47 296 patient-years of observation

Author

Goodman, Shaun G, Steg, Philippe Gabriel, Szarek, Michael, Bhatt, Deepak L, Bittner, Vera A, Diaz, Rafael, Harrington, Robert A, Jukema, J Wouter, White, Harvey D, Zeiher, Andreas M, Manvelian, Garen, Pordy, Robert, Poulouin, Yann, Stipek, Wanda, Garon, Genevieve, Schwartz, Gregory G, Steg, Ph Gabriel, Tricoci, Pierluigi, Roe, Matthew T, Mahaffey, Kenneth W, Edelberg, Jay M, Hanotin, Corinne, Lecorps, Guillaume, Moryusef, Angèle, Sasiela, William J, Tamby, Jean-François, Aylward, Philip E, Drexel, Heinz, Sinnaeve, Peter, Dilic, Mirza, Lopes, Renato D, Gotcheva, Nina N, Prieto, Juan-Carlos, Yong, Huo, López-Jaramillo, Patricio, Pećin, Ivan, Reiner, Zeljko, Ostadal, Petr, Poulsen, Steen Hvitfeldt, Viigimaa, Margus, Nieminen, Markku S, Danchin, Nicolas, Chumburidze, Vakhtang, Marx, Nikolaus, Liberopoulos, Evangelos, Valdovinos, Pablo Carlos Montenegro, Tse, Hung-Fat, Kiss, Robert Gabor, Xavier, Denis, Zahger, Doron, Valgimigli, Marco, Kimura, Takeshi, Kim, Hyo Soo, Kim, Sang-Hyun, Erglis, Andrejs, Laucevicius, Aleksandras, Kedev, Sasko, Yusoff, Khalid, López, Gabriel Arturo Ramos, Alings, Marco, Halvorsen, Sigrun, Flores, Roger M Correa, Sy, Rody G, Budaj, Andrzej, Morais, Joao, Dorobantu, Maria, Karpov, Yuri, Ristic, Arsen D, Chua, Terrance, Murin, Jan, Fras, Zlatko, Dalby, Anthony J, Tuñón, José, de Silva, H Asita, Hagström, Emil, Landmesser, Ulf, Chiang, Chern-En, Sritara, Piyamitr, Guneri, Sema, Parkhomenko, Alexander, Ray, Kausik K, Moriarty, Patrick M, Chaitman, Bernard, Kelsey, Sheryl F, Olsson, Anders G, and Rouleau, Jean-Lucien

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Patient Safety, Clinical Research, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Anticholesteremic Agents, Biomarkers, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cholesterol, LDL, Dyslipidemias, PCSK9 Inhibitors, Proprotein Convertase 9, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Serine Proteinase Inhibitors, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, ODYSSEY OUTCOMES Investigators, Alirocumab, Cholesterol, PCSK9, Safety, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology, Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences
Abstract

The ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial, comprising over 47 000 patient-years of placebo-controlled observation, demonstrated important reductions in the risk of recurrent ischaemic cardiovascular events with the monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 alirocumab, as well as lower all-cause death. These benefits were observed in the context of substantial and persistent lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with alirocumab compared with that achieved with placebo. The safety profile of alirocumab was indistinguishable from matching placebo except for a ∼1.7% absolute increase in local injection site reactions. Further, the safety of alirocumab compared with placebo was evident in vulnerable groups identified before randomization, such as the elderly and those with diabetes mellitus, previous ischaemic stroke, or chronic kidney disease. The frequency of adverse events and laboratory-based abnormalities was generally similar to that in placebo-treated patients. Thus, alirocumab appears to be a safe and effective lipid-modifying treatment over a duration of at least 5 years.

Published
2024

2. Potential effects of icosapent ethyl on cardiovascular outcomes in cigarette smokers: REDUCE-IT smoking

Author

Miller, Michael, Bhatt, Deepak L, Steg, Ph Gabriel, Brinton, Eliot A, Jacobson, Terry A, Jiao, Lixia, Tardif, Jean-Claude, Ballantyne, Christie M, Budoff, Matthew, and Mason, R Preston

Subjects
Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, Cardiovascular, Tobacco, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Prevention, Heart Disease, Clinical Research, Tobacco Smoke and Health, Patient Safety, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Stroke, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Myocardial Infarction, Tobacco Products, Smoking, Cigarette smoking, Icosapent ethyl, Hypertriglyceridemia, Reduce-IT, Clinical trial, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology, Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences
Abstract

AimsCigarette smoking is among the most well-established risk factors for adverse cardiovascular outcomes. We sought to determine whether icosapent ethyl (IPE), a highly purified form of eicosapentaenoic acid with antiatherothrombotic properties, may reduce the excessive risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) attributable to smoking.Methods and resultsReduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl Trial (REDUCE-IT) was a multinational, double-blind trial that randomized 8179 statin-treated patients with elevated triglycerides and CV risk to IPE or placebo, with a median follow-up period of 4.9 years. Icosapent ethyl reduced the primary composite endpoint [CV death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), non-fatal stroke, coronary revascularization, or hospitalization for unstable angina] by 25% (P

Published
2023

4. Treatment With Icosapent Ethyl to Reduce Ischemic Events in Patients With Prior Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Insights From REDUCE‐IT PCI

Author

Peterson, Benjamin E, Bhatt, Deepak L, Steg, Ph Gabriel, Miller, Michael, Brinton, Eliot A, Jacobson, Terry A, Ketchum, Steven B, Juliano, Rebecca A, Jiao, Lixia, DoyleJr., Ralph T, Granowitz, Craig, Gibson, C Michael, Pinto, Duane, Giugliano, Robert P, Budoff, Matthew J, Tardif, Jean‐Claude, Verma, Subodh, Ballantyne, Christie M, and Investigators, the REDUCE‐IT

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Heart Disease, Clinical Research, Atherosclerosis, Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, Prevention, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Cardiovascular, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Good Health and Well Being, Double-Blind Method, Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Humans, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Ischemia, Myocardial Infarction, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Risk Factors, Stroke, Treatment Outcome, Triglycerides, eicosapentaenoic acid, icosapent ethyl, prevention, revascularization, REDUCE‐IT Investigators, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology
Abstract

Background Patients who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are at increased risk for recurrent cardiovascular events despite aggressive medical therapy. Methods and Results This post hoc analysis focused on the subset of patients with prior PCI enrolled in REDUCE-IT (Reduction of Cardiovascular Events With Icosapent Ethyl-Intervention Trial), a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of icosapent ethyl versus placebo. Icosapent ethyl was added to statins in patients with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

Published
2022

5. Benefits of Icosapent Ethyl Across the Range of Kidney Function in Patients With Established Cardiovascular Disease or Diabetes: REDUCE-IT RENAL

Author

Majithia, Arjun, Bhatt, Deepak L, Friedman, Allon N, Miller, Michael, Steg, Ph Gabriel, Brinton, Eliot A, Jacobson, Terry A, Ketchum, Steven B, Juliano, Rebecca A, Jiao, Lixia, Doyle, Ralph T, Granowitz, Craig, Budoff, Matthew, Mason, R Preston, Tardif, Jean-Claude, Boden, William E, and Ballantyne, Christie M

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Clinical Research, Diabetes, Prevention, Kidney Disease, Heart Disease, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Good Health and Well Being, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Double-Blind Method, Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Female, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester, fatty acids, omega-3, lipids, prevention and control, renal insufficiency, chronic, triglycerides, fatty acids, omega-3, renal insufficiency, chronic, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Public Health and Health Services, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology, Clinical sciences, Sports science and exercise
Abstract

BackgroundChronic kidney disease is associated with adverse outcomes among patients with established cardiovascular disease (CVD) or diabetes. Commonly used medications to treat CVD are less effective among patients with reduced kidney function.MethodsREDUCE-IT (Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl-Intervention Trial) was a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that randomly assigned statin-treated patients with elevated triglycerides (135-499 mg/dL) who had CVD or diabetes and 1 additional risk factor to treatment with icosapent ethyl (4 g daily) or placebo. Patients from REDUCE-IT were categorized by prespecified estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) categories to analyze the effect of icosapent ethyl on the primary end point (composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, coronary revascularization, or unstable angina) and key secondary end point (a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke).ResultsAmong the 8179 REDUCE-IT patients, median baseline eGFR was 75 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2 (range, 17-123 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2). There were no meaningful changes in median eGFR for icosapent ethyl versus placebo across study visits. Treatment with icosapent ethyl led to consistent reduction in both the primary and key secondary composite end points across baseline eGFR categories. Patients with eGFR

Published
2021

6. Effect of Sotagliflozin on Early Mortality and Heart Failure-Related Events: A Post Hoc Analysis of SOLOIST-WHF

Author

Pitt, Bertram, Bhatt, Deepak L., Szarek, Michael, Cannon, Christopher P., Leiter, Lawrence A., McGuire, Darren K., Lewis, Julia B., Riddle, Matthew C., Voors, Adriaan A., Metra, Marco, Lund, Lars H., Komajda, Michel, Testani, Jeffrey M., Wilcox, Christopher S., Ponikowski, Piotr, Lopes, Renato D., Ezekowitz, Justin A., Sun, Franklin, Davies, Michael J., Verma, Subodh, Kosiborod, Mikhail N., and Steg, Ph. Gabriel

Published
2023
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7. Reduction in Revascularization with Icosapent Ethyl: Insights from REDUCE-IT REVASC

Author

Peterson, Benjamin E, Bhatt, Deepak L, Steg, Ph Gabriel, Miller, Michael, Brinton, Eliot A, Jacobson, Terry A, Ketchum, Steven B, Juliano, Rebecca A, Jiao, Lixia, Doyle, Ralph T, Granowitz, Craig, Gibson, C Michael, Pinto, Duane, Giugliano, Robert P, Budoff, Matthew J, Tardif, Jean-Claude, Verma, Subodh, and Ballantyne, Christie M

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Prevention, Heart Disease, Atherosclerosis, Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, Cardiovascular, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Clinical Research, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Good Health and Well Being, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Double-Blind Method, Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Revascularization, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors, eicosapentaenoic acid, icosapent ethyl, myocardial revascularization, prevention & control, REDUCE-IT Investigators, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Public Health and Health Services, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology, Clinical sciences, Sports science and exercise
Abstract

BackgroundPatients with elevated triglycerides despite statin therapy have increased risk for ischemic events, including coronary revascularizations.MethodsREDUCE-IT (The Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl-Intervention Trial), a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, randomly assigned statin-treated patients with elevated triglycerides (135-499 mg/dL), controlled low-density lipoprotein (41-100 mg/dL), and either established cardiovascular disease or diabetes plus other risk factors to receive icosapent ethyl 4 g/d or placebo. The primary and key secondary composite end points were significantly reduced. Prespecified analyses examined all coronary revascularizations, recurrent revascularizations, and revascularization subtypes.ResultsA total of 8179 randomly assigned patients were followed for 4.9 years (median). First revascularizations were reduced to 9.2% (22.5/1000 patient-years) with icosapent ethyl versus 13.3% (33.7/1000 patient-years) with placebo (hazard ratio, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.58-0.76]; P

Published
2021

8. Lipoprotein(a) lowering by alirocumab reduces the total burden of cardiovascular events independent of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering: ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial

Author

Szarek, Michael, Bittner, Vera A, Aylward, Philip, Baccara-Dinet, Marie, Bhatt, Deepak L, Diaz, Rafael, Fras, Zlatko, Goodman, Shaun G, Halvorsen, Sigrun, Harrington, Robert A, Jukema, J Wouter, Moriarty, Patrick M, Pordy, Robert, Ray, Kausik K, Sinnaeve, Peter, Tsimikas, Sotirios, Vogel, Robert, White, Harvey D, Zahger, Doron, Zeiher, Andreas M, Steg, Ph Gabriel, Schwartz, Gregory G, and Investigators, for the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES

Subjects
Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, Cardiovascular, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Clinical Research, Atherosclerosis, Heart Disease, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Good Health and Well Being, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Anticholesteremic Agents, Cholesterol, Cholesterol, LDL, Humans, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Lipoprotein(a), Proprotein Convertase 9, Treatment Outcome, Lipoprotein, Alirocumab, LDL, Acute coronary syndrome, ODYSSEY OUTCOMES Investigators, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular System & Hematology
Abstract

AimsLipoprotein(a) concentration is associated with first cardiovascular events in clinical trials. It is unknown if this relationship holds for total (first and subsequent) events. In the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial in patients with recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS), the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor alirocumab reduced lipoprotein(a), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and cardiovascular events compared with placebo. This post hoc analysis determined whether baseline levels and alirocumab-induced changes in lipoprotein(a) and LDL-C [corrected for lipoprotein(a) cholesterol] independently predicted total cardiovascular events.Methods and resultsCardiovascular events included cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina or heart failure, ischaemia-driven coronary revascularization, peripheral artery disease events, and venous thromboembolism. Proportional hazards models estimated relationships between baseline lipoprotein(a) and total cardiovascular events in the placebo group, effects of alirocumab treatment on total cardiovascular events by baseline lipoprotein(a), and relationships between lipoprotein(a) reduction with alirocumab and subsequent risk of total cardiovascular events. Baseline lipoprotein(a) predicted total cardiovascular events with placebo, while higher baseline lipoprotein(a) levels were associated with greater reduction in total cardiovascular events with alirocumab (hazard ratio Ptrend = 0.045). Alirocumab-induced reductions in lipoprotein(a) (median -5.0 [-13.6, 0] mg/dL) and corrected LDL-C (median -51.3 [-67.1, -34.0] mg/dL) independently predicted lower risk of total cardiovascular events. Each 5-mg/dL reduction in lipoprotein(a) predicted a 2.5% relative reduction in cardiovascular events.ConclusionBaseline lipoprotein(a) predicted the risk of total cardiovascular events and risk reduction by alirocumab. Lipoprotein(a) lowering contributed independently to cardiovascular event reduction, supporting the concept of lipoprotein(a) as a treatment target after ACS.

Published
2020

9. REDUCE-IT USA: Results from the 3,146 Patients Randomized in the United States

Author

Bhatt, Deepak L, Miller, Michael, Brinton, Eliot A, Jacobson, Terry A, Steg, Ph Gabriel, Ketchum, Steven B, Doyle, Ralph T, Juliano, Rebecca A, Jiao, Lixia, Granowitz, Craig, Tardif, Jean-Claude, Olshansky, Brian, Chung, Mina K, Gibson, C Michael, Giugliano, Robert P, Budoff, Matthew J, and Ballantyne, Christie M

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Public Health, Health Sciences, Clinical Research, Cardiovascular, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, Atherosclerosis, Heart Disease, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Good Health and Well Being, Aged, Cholesterol, LDL, Double-Blind Method, Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Female, Humans, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction, Risk Factors, Stroke, United States, eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester, fatty acids, omega-3, lipids, prevention and control, triglycerides, REDUCE-IT Investigators, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology, Clinical sciences, Sports science and exercise
Abstract

BackgroundSome trials have found that patients from the United States derive less benefit than patients enrolled outside the United States. This prespecified REDUCE-IT (Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl - Intervention Trial) subgroup analysis was conducted to determine the degree of benefit of icosapent ethyl in the United States.MethodsREDUCE-IT randomized 8179 statin-treated patients with qualifying triglycerides ≥135 and 40 and ≤100 mg/dL and a history of atherosclerosis or diabetes mellitus to icosapent ethyl 4 g/d or placebo. The primary composite end point was cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, coronary revascularization, or hospitalization for unstable angina. The key secondary composite end point was cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke. A hierarchy was prespecified for examination of individual and composite end points.ResultsA total of 3146 US patients (38.5% of the trial) were randomized and followed for a median of 4.9 years; 32.3% were women and 9.7% were Hispanic. The primary composite end point occurred in 24.7% of placebo-treated patients versus 18.2% of icosapent ethyl-treated patients (hazard ratio [HR], 0.69 [95% CI, 0.59-0.80]; P=0.000001); the key secondary composite end point occurred in 16.6% versus 12.1% (HR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.57-0.83]; P=0.00008). All prespecified hierarchical end points were meaningfully and significantly reduced, including cardiovascular death (6.7% to 4.7%; HR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.49-0.90]; P=0.007), myocardial infarction (8.8% to 6.7%; HR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.56-0.93]; P=0.01), stroke (4.1% to 2.6%; HR, 0.63 [95% CI, 0.43-0.93]; P=0.02), and all-cause mortality (9.8% to 7.2%; HR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.55-0.90]; P=0.004); for all-cause mortality in the US versus non-US patients, Pinteraction=0.02. Safety and tolerability findings were consistent with the full study cohort.ConclusionsWhereas the non-US subgroup showed significant reductions in the primary and key secondary end points, the US subgroup demonstrated particularly robust risk reductions across a variety of individual and composite end points, including all-cause mortality.Clinical trial registrationURL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01492361.

Published
2020

10. Effect of Alirocumab on Lipoprotein(a) and Cardiovascular Risk After Acute Coronary Syndrome

Author

Bittner, Vera A, Szarek, Michael, Aylward, Philip E, Bhatt, Deepak L, Diaz, Rafael, Edelberg, Jay M, Fras, Zlatko, Goodman, Shaun G, Halvorsen, Sigrun, Hanotin, Corinne, Harrington, Robert A, Jukema, J Wouter, Loizeau, Virginie, Moriarty, Patrick M, Moryusef, Angèle, Pordy, Robert, Roe, Matthew T, Sinnaeve, Peter, Tsimikas, Sotirios, Vogel, Robert, White, Harvey D, Zahger, Doron, Zeiher, Andreas M, Steg, Ph Gabriel, Schwartz, Gregory G, and Committees and Investigators, ODYSSEY OUTCOMES

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology, Heart Disease, Atherosclerosis, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Cardiovascular, Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, Clinical Research, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Good Health and Well Being, Acute Coronary Syndrome, Adult, Aged, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cholesterol, LDL, Female, Humans, Lipoprotein(a), Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Treatment Outcome, acute coronary syndromes, alirocumab, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, major adverse cardiovascular events, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibition, ODYSSEY OUTCOMES Committees and Investigators, major adverse cardiovascular events, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Public Health and Health Services, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology
Abstract

BackgroundLipoprotein(a) concentration is associated with cardiovascular events. Alirocumab, a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor, lowers lipoprotein(a) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C).ObjectivesA pre-specified analysis of the placebo-controlled ODYSSEY Outcomes trial in patients with recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) determined whether alirocumab-induced changes in lipoprotein(a) and LDL-C independently predicted major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).MethodsOne to 12 months after ACS, 18,924 patients on high-intensity statin therapy were randomized to alirocumab or placebo and followed for 2.8 years (median). Lipoprotein(a) was measured at randomization and 4 and 12 months thereafter. The primary MACE outcome was coronary heart disease death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, or hospitalization for unstable angina.ResultsBaseline lipoprotein(a) levels (median: 21.2 mg/dl; interquartile range [IQR]: 6.7 to 59.6 mg/dl) and LDL-C [corrected for cholesterol content in lipoprotein(a)] predicted MACE. Alirocumab reduced lipoprotein(a) by 5.0 mg/dl (IQR: 0 to 13.5 mg/dl), corrected LDL-C by 51.1 mg/dl (IQR: 33.7 to 67.2 mg/dl), and reduced the risk of MACE (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78 to 0.93). Alirocumab-induced reductions of lipoprotein(a) and corrected LDL-C independently predicted lower risk of MACE, after adjustment for baseline concentrations of both lipoproteins and demographic and clinical characteristics. A 1-mg/dl reduction in lipoprotein(a) with alirocumab was associated with a HR of 0.994 (95% CI: 0.990 to 0.999; p = 0.0081).ConclusionsBaseline lipoprotein(a) and corrected LDL-C levels and their reductions by alirocumab predicted the risk of MACE after recent ACS. Lipoprotein(a) lowering by alirocumab is an independent contributor to MACE reduction, which suggests that lipoprotein(a) should be an independent treatment target after ACS. (ODYSSEY Outcomes: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcomes After an Acute Coronary Syndrome During Treatment With Alirocumab; NCT01663402).

Published
2020

13. A randomized trial of icosapent ethyl in ambulatory patients with COVID-19

Author

Kosmopoulos, Andrew, Bhatt, Deepak L., Meglis, Gus, Verma, Raj, Pan, Yi, Quan, Adrian, Teoh, Hwee, Verma, Maya, Jiao, Lixia, Wang, Robert, Juliano, Rebecca A., Kajil, Mahesh, Kosiborod, Mikhail N., Bari, Basel, Berih, Abdullahi A., Aguilar, Mallory, Escano, Antonnette, Leung, Andrew, Coelho, Idelta, Hibino, Makoto, Díaz, Rafael, Mason, R. Preston, Steg, Ph. Gabriel, Simon, Tabassome, Go, Alan S., Ambrosy, Andrew P., Choi, Richard, Kushner, Arthur M., Leiter, Lawrence A., Al-Omran, Mohammed, Verma, Subodh, and Mazer, C. David

Published
2021
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15. Prevalence, clinical determinants and prognostic implications of coronary procedural complications of percutaneous coronary intervention in non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: Insights from the contemporary multinational TAO trial

Author

Abtan, Jeremie, Wiviott, Stephen D., Sorbets, Emmanuel, Popovic, Batric, Elbez, Yedid, Mehta, Shamir R., Sabatine, Marc S., Bode, Christoph, Pollack, Charles V., Cohen, Marc, Moccetti, Tiziano, Laanmets, Peep, Faxon, David, Okreglicki, Andrzej, Ducrocq, Gregory, and Steg, Ph. Gabriel

Published
2021
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16. Apolipoprotein B, Residual Cardiovascular Risk After Acute Coronary Syndrome, and Effects of Alirocumab

Author

Hagström, Emil, Steg, P. Gabriel, Szarek, Michael, Bhatt, Deepak L., Bittner, Vera A., Danchin, Nicolas, Diaz, Rafael, Goodman, Shaun G., Harrington, Robert A., Jukema, J. Wouter, Liberopoulos, Evangelos, Marx, Nikolaus, McGinniss, Jennifer, Manvelian, Garen, Pordy, Robert, Scemama, Michel, White, Harvey D., Zeiher, Andreas M., Schwartz, Gregory G., Schwartz, Gregory G., Bhatt, Deepak L., Bittner, Vera A., Diaz, Rafael, Goodman, Shaun G., Harrington, Robert A., Jukema, J. Wouter, Szarek, Michael, White, Harvey D., Zeiher, Andreas M., Tricoci, Pierluigi, Roe, Matthew T., Mahaffey, Kenneth W., Edelberg, Jay M., Hanotin, Corinne, Lecorps, Guillaume, Moryusef, Angèle, Pordy, Robert, Sasiela, William J., Tamby, Jean-François, Diaz, Rafael, Aylward, Philip E, Drexel, Heinz, Sinnaeve, Peter, Dilic, Mirza, Lopes, Renato D., Gotcheva, Nina N, Goodman, Shaun G., Prieto, Juan-Carlos, Yong, Huo, López-Jaramillo, Patricio, Pećin, Ivan, Reiner, Zeljko, Ostadal, Petr, Poulsen, Steen Hvitfeldt, Viigimaa, Margus, Nieminen, Markku S, Danchin, Nicolas, Chumburidze, Vakhtang, Marx, Nikolaus, Liberopoulos, Evangelos, Carlos, Pablo, Valdovinos, Montenegro, Tse, Hung-Fat, Kiss, Robert Gabor, Xavier, Denis, Zahger, Doron, Valgimigli, Marco, Kimura, Takeshi, Kim, Hyo Soo, Kim, Sang-Hyun, Erglis, Andrejs, Laucevicius, Aleksandras, Kedev, Sasko, Yusoff, Khalid, Ramos López, Gabriel Arturo, Alings, Marco, White, Harvey D., Halvorsen, Sigrun, Correa Flores, Roger M, Sy, Rody G., Budaj, Andrzej, Morais, Joao, Dorobantu, Maria, Karpov, Yuri, Ristic, Arsen D., Chua, Terrance, Murin, Jan, Fras, Zlatko, Dalby, Anthony J, Tuñón, José, de Silva, H. Asita, Hagström, Emil, Landmesser, Ulf, Müller, Christian, Chiang, Chern-En, Sritara, Piyamitr, Guneri, Sema, Parkhomenko, Alexander, Ray, Kausik K., Moriarty, Patrick M., Roe, Matthew T., Vogel, Robert, Chaitman, Bernard, Kelsey, Sheryl F., Olsson, Anders G., Rouleau, Jean-Lucien, Simoons, Maarten L., Alexander, Karen, Meloni, Chiara, Rosenson, Robert, Sijbrands, Eric J.G., Tricoci, Pierluigi, Alexander, John H., Armaganijan, Luciana, Bagai, Akshay, Bahit, Maria Cecilia, Brennan, J. Matthew, Clifton, Shaun, DeVore, Adam D., Deloatch, Shalonda, Dickey, Sheila, Dombrowski, Keith, Ducrocq, Grégory, Eapen, Zubin, Endsley, Patricia, Eppinger, Arleen, Harrison, Robert W., Hess, Connie Ng, Hlatky, Mark A., Jordan, Joseph Dedrick, Knowles, Joshua W., Kolls, Bradley J., Kong, David F., Leonardi, Sergio, Lillis, Linda, Lopes, Renato D., Maron, David J., Mahaffey, Kenneth W., Marcus, Jill, Mathews, Robin, Mehta, Rajendra H., Mentz, Robert J., Moreira, Humberto Graner, Patel, Chetan B., Pereira, Sabrina Bernardez, Perkins, Lynn, Povsic, Thomas J., Puymirat, Etienne, Roe, Matthew T., Jones, William Schuyler, Shah, Bimal R., Sherwood, Matthew W., Stringfellow, Kenya, Sujjavanich, Darin, Toma, Mustafa, Trotter, Charlene, van Diepen, Sean F.P., Wilson, Matthew D., Tze-Kay Yan, Andrew, Schiavi, Lilia B, Garrido, Marcelo, Alvarisqueta, Andrés F, Sassone, Sonia A, Bordonava, Anselmo P, Alves De Lima, Alberto E, Schmidberg, Jorge M, Duronto, Ernesto A, Caruso, Orlando C, Novaretto, Leonardo P, Hominal, Miguel Angel, Montaña, Oscar R, Caccavo, Alberto, Gomez Vilamajo, Oscar A, Lorenzatti, Alberto J, Cartasegna, Luis R, Paterlini, Gustavo A, Mackinnon, Ignacio J, Caime, Guillermo D, Amuchastegui, Marcos, Salomone, Oscar, Codutti, Oscar R, Jure, Horacio O, Bono, Julio OE, Hrabar, Adrian D, Vallejos, Julio A, Ahuad Guerrero, Rodolfo A, Novoa, Federico, Patocchi, Cristian A, Zaidman, Cesar J, Giuliano, Maria E, Dran, Ricardo D, Vico, Marisa L, Carnero, Gabriela S, Guzman, Pablo N, Medrano Allende, Juan C, Garcia Brasca, Daniela F, Bustamante Labarta, Miguel H, Nani, Sebastian, Blumberg, Eduardo DS, Colombo, Hugo R, Liberman, Alberto, Fuentealba, Victorino, Luciardi, Hector L, Waisman, Gabriel D, Berli, Mario A, Garcia Duran, Ruben O, Cestari, Horacio G, Luquez, Hugo A, Giordano, Jorge A, Saavedra, Silvia S, Zapata, Gerardo, Costamagna, Osvaldo, Llois, Susana, Waites, Jonathon H, Collins, Nicholas, Soward, Allan, Aylward, Philip E, Hii, Chris LS, Aylward, Philip E, 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Anthony J, Reuter, Helmuth, Moodley, Rajendran, Vida, Manuel, Fillat, Angel R. Cequier, Peris, Vicente Bodí, Jimenez, Francisco Fuentes, Marín, Francisco, Cruz Fernández, Jose M, Hidalgo Urbano, Rafael Jesus, Gil-Extremera, Blas, Toledo, Pablo, Worner Diz, Fernando, Garcia-Dorado, David, Iñiguez, Andres, Gonzalez-Juanatey, Jose R, Portales, Javier Fernandez, Murillo, Fernando Civeira, Pericas, Laia Matas, Zamorano, Jose Luis, De Mora Martin, Manuel, Cortada, Jordi Bruguera, Alonso Martin, Joaquin J, Serrano Antolin, Jose Maria, De Berrazueta Fernández, José R, Vázquez de Prada, José Antonio, Díaz Fernández, Jose Francisco, García Lledó, José Alberto, Cosín Sales, Juan, Rodriguez, Javier Botas, Tragant, Gabriel Gusi, Benedicto, Amparo, Gonzalez-Juanatey, Carlos, Camprubí Potau, Mercedes, Perez, Ignacio Plaza, De La Tassa, César Morís, Rincon, Pablo Loma-Osorio, Recena, Javier Balaguer, Escudier, Juan M, Payeras, Antonio Coca, Orcajo, Norberto Alonso, Constantine, Godwin, Haniffa, Ruvaiz, Tissera, Nirmali, Amarasekera, Stanley, Ponnamperuma, Chandrike, Fernando, Nimali, Fernando, Kaputella, Jayawardena, Jayanthimala, Wijeyasingam, Santharaj, Ranasinghe, Gotabhaya, Ekanayaka, Ruvan, Mendis, Sepalika, Senaratne, Vajira, Mayurathan, Gnanamoorthy, Rajapaksha, Ajantha, Sirisena, Thilak, Herath, Jagath I, Amarasena, Naomali, Berglund, Stefan, Rasmanis, Gundars, Hagström, Emil, Vedin, Ola, Witt, Nils, Mourtzinis, Georgios, Nicol, Peter, Hansen, Ole, Romeo, Stefano, Jensen, Steen Agergaard, Torstensson, Ingemar, Ahremark, Ulf, Sundelin, Torbjörn, Moccetti, Tiziano, Müller, Christian, Mach, Francois, Binde, Ronald, Landmesser, Ulf, Gämperli, Oliver, Chiang, Chern-En, Tsai, Wei- Chuan, Ueng, Kwo-Chang, Lai, Wen-Ter, Liu, Ming-En, Hwang, Juey- Jen, Yin, Wei-Hsian, Hsieh, I-Chang, Hsieh, Ming-Jer, Hsiang Lin, Wei, Kuo, Jen-Yuan, Huang, Tsuei-Yuan, Fang, Chih-Yuan, Kaewsuwanna, Pinij, Soonfuang, Wasant, Jintapakorn, Woravut, Sukonthasarn, Apichard, Sritara, Piyamitr, Wongpraparut, Nattawut, Sastravaha, Krisada, Sansanayudh, Nakarin, Kehasukcharoen, Wirash, Piyayotai, Dilok, Chotnoparatpat, Paiboon, Camsari, Ahmet, Kultursay, Hakan, Guneri, Sema, Mutlu, Bulent, Ersanli, Murat, Demirtas, Mustafa, Kirma, Cevat, Ural, Ertan, Koldas, Lale, Karpenko, Oleksandr, Prokhorov, Alexander, Vakaluyk, Ihor, Myshanych, Halyna, Reshotko, Dmytro, Batushkin, Valeriy, Rudenko, Leonid, Kovalskyi, Ihor, Kushnir, Mykola, Tseluyko, Vira, Mostovoy, Yuriy, Stanislavchuk, Mykola, Kyiak, Yulian, Karpenko, Yuriy, Malynovsky, Yaroslav, Klantsa, Andriy, Kutniy, Oles, Amosova, Ekaterina, Tashchuk, Viktor, Leshchuk, Oleh, Parkhomenko, Alexander, Rishko, Mykola, Kopytsya, Mykola, Yagensky, Andriy, Vatutin, Mykola, Bagriy, Andriy, Barna, Olga M, Ushakov, Olexiy, Dzyak, Georgiy, Goloborodko, Borys, Rudenko, Anatolii, Zheleznyy, Volodymyr, Trevelyan, Jasper, Zaman, Azfar, Lee, Kaeng, Moriarty, Andrew, Aggarwal, Rajesh K, Clifford, Piers, Wong, Yuk- Ki, Iqbal, Syed MR, Subkovas, Eduardas, Braganza, Denise, Sarkar, David, Storey, Robert, Griffiths, Huw, Mcclure, Sam, Muthusamy, Rangasamy, Smith, Simon, Kurian, John, Levy, Terry, Barr, Craig, Kadr, Honer, Gerber, Robert, Simaitis, Audrius, Soran, Handrean, Brodison, Adrian, Ayaz, Mohammad, Cheema, Muhammad, Oliver, Richard, Thackray, Simon, Mudawi, Telal, Rahma, Gohar, Sultan, Ayyaz, Reynolds, Timothy, Sharman, David, Spriging, david, Butler, Rob, Wilkinson, Peter, Lip, Gregory YH, Ossei-Gerning, Nicholas, Vardi, Gil, Baldari, Duccio, Brabham, David, Treasure II, Charles, Dahl, Charles, Palmer, Bruce, Wiseman, Alan, Khan, Abul, Puri, Sanjeev, Mohart, Ann Elizabeth, Ince, Carlos, Flores, Enrique, Wright, Scott, Cheng, Shi-Chi, Rosenberg, Michael, Rogers, William, Kosinski, Edward, Forgosh, Les, Waltman, Jonathan, Shoukfeh, Mohammad, Dagher, Georges, Cambier, Patrick, Lieber, Ira, Kumar, Priya, East, Cara, Krichmar, Perry, Hasan, Mian, White, Lindsey, Knickelbine, Thomas, Haldis, Thomas, Gillespie, Eve, Amidon, Thomas, Suh, David, Arif, Imran, Abdallah, mouhamad, Akhter, Faiq, Carlson, Eric, D’Urso, Michael, El- Ahdab, Fadi, Nelson, William, Moriarty, Katie, Harris, Barry, Cohen, Steven, Carter, Luther, Doty, Daniel, Sabatino, Kenneth, Haddad, Tariq, Rao, Sunder, Mulkay, Angel, Jovin, Ion, Klancke, Kim, Malhotra, Vinay, Devarapalli, Sai K, Koren, Michael, Chandna, Harish, Dodds, George, Goraya, Tauqir, Bengston, James, Janik, Matthew, Moran, Joseph, Sumner, Andrew, Kobayashi, John, Davis, William, Yazdani, Shahram, Pasquini, John, Thakkar, Maitreya, Vedere, Amarnath, Leimbach, Wayne, Rider, James, fenton, Sarah, Singh, Narendra, Shah, Anil V, Moriarty, Patrick M., Janosik, Denise, Pepine, Carl, Berman, Brett, Gelormini, Joseph, Daniels, Christopher, Richard, Kerensky, Keating, Friederike, Kondo, Nicholas I, Shetty, Sanjay, Levite, Howard, Waider, Winfried, Takata, Theodore, Abu-Fadel, Mazen, Shah, Vipul, Aggarwal, Rahul, Kumar, Anil, Hattler, Brack, Do, Rose, Link, Chad, Bortnick, Anna, Kinzfogl, George, Ghitis, Arnold, Larry, John, Teufel, Edward, Kuhlman, Peter, Mclaurin, Brent, Zhang, Wenwu, Thew, Stephen, Abbas, Jalal, White, Matthew, Islam, Othman, Subherwal, Sumeet, Ranadive, Nandkishore, Vakili, Babak, Gring, Christian, Henderson, David, Schuchard, Timothy, Farhat, Naim, Kline, Geoffrey, Mahal, Sharan, Whitaker, Jack, Speirs, Shawn, Andersen, Rolf, Daboul, Nizar, Horwitz, Phillip, Zahr, Firas, Ponce, George, Jafar, Zubair, Mcgarvey, Joseph, Panchal, Vipul, Voyce, Stephen, Blok, Thomas, Sheldon, William, Azizad, Masoud M, Schmalfuss, Carsten, Picone, Mark, Pederson, Robert, Herzog, William, Friedman, Keith, Lindsey, Jason, Timothy, Eichenlaub, Leonard, Parilak, Lepor, Norman, El Shahawy, Mahfouz, Weintraub, Howard, Irimpen, Anand, Alonso, Alvaro, May, Wade, Christopher, Daniels, Galski, Thomas, Chu, Alan, Mody, Freny, Ramin, Ebrahimi, Hodes, Zachary, Rossi, Joseph, Rose, Gregory, Fairlamb, James, Lambert, Charles, Raisinghani, Ajit, Abbate, Antonio, Vetrovec, George, King, Marilyn, Carey, Charles, Gerber, Jaime, Younis, Liwa, Park, Hyeun (Tom), Vidovich, Mladen, Knutson, Thomas, Friedman, Dennis, Chaleff, Fred, Loussararian, Arthur, Rozeman, Phillip, Kimmelstiel, Carey, Kuvin, Jeffrey, Silver, Kevin, Foster, Malcolm, Tonnessen, Glen, Espinoza, Andrey, Amlani, Mohamadali, Wali, Andreas, Malozzi, Christopher, Jong, Geert T, Massey, Clara, Wattanakit, Keattiyoat, O’Donnell, Philip J., Singal, Dinesh, Jaffrani, Naseem, Banuru, Sridhar, Fisher, Daniel, Xenakis, Mark, Perlmutter, Neal, Bhagwat, Ravi, Strader, James, Blonder, Ronald, Akyea-Djamson, Ayim, Labroo, Ajay, Lee, Kwan, Marais, H. John, Claxton, Edmund, Weiss, Robert, Kathryn, Rohr, Berk, Martin, Rossi, Peter, Joshi, Parag, Khera, Amit, Khaira, Ajit S, Kumkumian, Greg, Lupovitch, Steven, Purow, Joshua, Welka, Stephen, Hoffman, David, Fischer, Stuart, Soroka, Eugene, Eagerton, Donald, Pancholy, Samir, Ray, Michael, Erenrich, Norman, Farrar, Michael, Pollock, Stewart, French, William J, Diamantis, Steve, Guy, Douglas, Gimple, Lawrence, Neustel, Mark, Schwartz, Steven, Pereira, Edward, Albert, Seals, Spriggs, Douglas, Strain, Janet, Mittal, Suneet, Vo, Anthony, Chane, Majed, Hall, Jason, Vijay, Nampalli, Lotun, Kapildeo, Lester, F. Martin, Nahhas, Ahed, Pope, Theodore, Nager, Paul, Vohra, Rakesh, Sharma, Mukesh, Bashir, Riyaz, Ahmed, Hinan, Berlowitz, Michael, Fishberg, Robert, Barrucco, Robert, Yang, Eric, Radin, Michael, Sporn, Daniel, Stapleton, Dwight, Eisenberg, Steven, Landzberg, Joel, Mcgough, Martin, Turk, Samir, Schwartz, Michael, Sundram, P. Sandy, Jain, Diwakar, Zainea, Mark, Bayron, Carlos, Karlsberg, Ronald, Dohad, Suhail, Lui, Henry, Keen, William, Westerhausen, Donald, Khurana, Sandeep, Agarwal, Himanshu, Birchem, Jessica, Penny, William, Chang, Mark, Murphy, Sherrill, Henry, John, Schifferdecker, Branislav, Gilbert, John M, Chalavarya, Gopal, Eaton, Charles, Schmedtje, John F, Christenson, Stuart, Dotani, Imran, Denham, Douglas, Macdonell, Alexander, Gibson, Paul, Rahman, Aref, Al Joundi, Tammam, Assi, Nizar, Conrad, Gary, Kotha, Purushotham, Love, Michael, Giesler, Gregory, Rubenstein, Howard, Gamil, Dawood, Akright, Laura, Krawczyk, Justine, Cobler, Joanne, Wells, Terry, Welker, James, Foster, Robert, Gilmore, Richard, Anderson, Jay, Jacoby, Douglas, Harris, Bill, Gardner, Geraldine, Dandillaya, Ramprasad, Vora, Kishor, Kostis, John, Hunter, John, Laxson, David, Ball, Eric, Anderson, Jay, Wells, Terry, Vora, Kishor, Ball, Eric, Welker, James, Lopes, Renato D., Egydio, Flavia, Kawakami, Anelise, Oliveira, Janaina, Goodman, Shaun G., Wozniak, Julianna, Matthews, Alexander, Ratky, Caroline, Valiris, Janine, Berdan, Lisa, Hepditch, Anita, Quintero, Kirby, Roe, Matthew T., Rorick, Tyrus, Westbrook, Melissa, Danchin, Nicolas, Bezault, Madeleine, Drouet, Elodie, Simon, Tabassome, White, Harvey D., Alsweiler, Caroline, Sinnaeve, Peter, Luyten, Anne, Aylward, Philip E, Butters, Julie, Griffith, Liddy, Shaw, Michelle, Hagström, Emil, Grunberg, Lena, Szarek, Michael, Islam, Shahidul, Brégeault, Marie-France, Bougon, Nathalie, Faustino, Douglas, Fontecave, Sylvie, Murphy, Judith, Tamby, Jean- Francois, Verrier, Melanie, Agnetti, Veronique, Andersen, Dorthe, Badreddine, Emmy, Bekkouche, Mhamed, Bouancheau, Cecile, Brigui, Imane, Brocklehurst, Maddy, Cianciarulo, Joseph, Devaul, Dawn, Domokos, Szilvia, Gache, Cecile, Gobillot, Caroline, Guillou, Severine, Healy, Jan, Heath, Megan, Jaiwal, Gayatri, Javierre, Carine, Labeirie, Julien, Monier, Myriam, Morales, Ulises, Mrabti, Asmaa, Mthombeni, Bicky, Okan, Betim, Smith, Lucile, Sheller, Jennifer, Sopena, Sebastien, Pellan, Valerie, Benbernou, Fadela, Bengrait, Nafissa, Lamoureux, Maud, Kralova, Katarina, Scemama, Michel, Bejuit, Raphael, Coulange, Anthony, Berthou, Christelle, Repincay, Jérôme, Lorenzato, Christelle, Etienne, Alexis, Gouet, Valerie, Lecorps, Guillaume, Loizeau, Virginie, Normand, Mickael, Ourliac, Anne, Rondel, Christelle, Adamo, Antony, Beltran, Pascale, Barraud, Pauline, Dubois-Gache, Helene, Halle, Benjamin, Metwally, Lamia, Mourgues, Maxime, Sotty, Marc, Vincendet, Marion, Cotruta, Raluca, Chengyue, Zhu, Fournie-Lloret, Dominique, Morrello, Christine, Perthuis, Aurelie, Picault, Patrick, Zobouyan, Isabelle, Colhoun, Helen M., Dempsey, Michael A., and McClanahan, Mark A.

Published
2022
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19. Effectiveness of Icosapent Ethyl on First and Total Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome, but without Diabetes: REDUCE-IT MetSyn

Author

Miller, Michael, primary, Bhatt, Deepak L, additional, Brinton, Eliot A, additional, Jacobson, Terry A, additional, Steg, Ph Gabriel, additional, Lira Pineda, Armando, additional, Ketchum, Steven B, additional, Doyle, Ralph T, additional, Tardif, Jean-Claude, additional, and Ballantyne, Christie M, additional

Published
2023
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20. Effects of Alirocumab on Cardiovascular Events After Coronary Bypass Surgery

Author

Goodman, Shaun G., Aylward, Philip E., Szarek, Michael, Chumburidze, Vakhtang, Bhatt, Deepak L., Bittner, Vera A., Diaz, Rafael, Edelberg, Jay M., Hanotin, Corinne, Harrington, Robert A., Jukema, J. Wouter, Kedev, Sasko, Letierce, Alexia, Moryusef, Angele, Pordy, Robert, Ramos López, Gabriel Arturo, Roe, Matthew T., Viigimaa, Margus, White, Harvey D., Zeiher, Andreas M., Steg, Ph. Gabriel, and Schwartz, Gregory G.

Published
2019
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23. Alirocumab Reduces Total Nonfatal Cardiovascular and Fatal Events: The ODYSSEY OUTCOMES Trial

Author

Szarek, Michael, White, Harvey D., Schwartz, Gregory G., Alings, Marco, Bhatt, Deepak L., Bittner, Vera A., Chiang, Chern-En, Diaz, Rafael, Edelberg, Jay M., Goodman, Shaun G., Hanotin, Corinne, Harrington, Robert A., Jukema, J. Wouter, Kimura, Takeshi, Kiss, Robert Gabor, Lecorps, Guillaume, Mahaffey, Kenneth W., Moryusef, Angèle, Pordy, Robert, Roe, Matthew T., Tricoci, Pierluigi, Xavier, Denis, Zeiher, Andreas M., and Steg, Ph. Gabriel

Published
2019
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24. Icosapent Ethyl Reduces Ischemic Events in Patients With a History of Previous Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: REDUCE-IT CABG

Author

Verma, Subodh, Bhatt, Deepak L., Steg, Ph. Gabriel, Miller, Michael, Brinton, Eliot A., Jacobson, Terry A., Dhingra, Nitish K., Ketchum, Steven B., Juliano, Rebecca A., Jiao, Lixia, Doyle, Ralph T., Jr., Granowitz, Craig, Gibson, C. Michael, Pinto, Duane, Giugliano, Robert P., Budoff, Matthew J., Mason, R. Preston, Tardif, Jean-Claude, and Ballantyne, Christie M.

Published
2021
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25. Relating Lipoprotein(a) Concentrations to Cardiovascular Event Risk After Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Comparison of Three Tests

Author

Szarek, Michael, primary, Reijnders, Esther, additional, Jukema, J. Wouter, additional, Bhatt, Deepak L., additional, Bittner, Vera A., additional, Diaz, Rafael, additional, Fazio, Sergio, additional, Garon, Genevieve, additional, Goodman, Shaun G., additional, Harrington, Robert A., additional, Ruhaak, L. Renee, additional, Schwertfeger, Markus, additional, Tsimikas, Sotirios, additional, White, Harvey D., additional, Steg, Ph Gabriel, additional, Cobbaert, Christa, additional, and Schwartz, Gregory G., additional

Published
2023
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26. Ticagrelor for Secondary Prevention of Atherothrombotic Events in Patients With Multivessel Coronary Disease

Author

Bansilal, Sameer, Bonaca, Marc P., Cornel, Jan H., Storey, Robert F., Bhatt, Deepak L., Steg, Ph. Gabriel, Im, Kyungah, Murphy, Sabina A., Angiolillo, Dominick J., Kiss, Robert G., Parkhomenko, Alexander N., Lopez-Sendon, Jose, Isaza, Daniel, Goudev, Assen, Kontny, Frederic, Held, Peter, Jensen, Eva C., Braunwald, Eugene, Sabatine, Marc S., and Oude Ophuis, A.J.

Published
2018
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28. Do patients benefit from omega-3 fatty acids?

Author

Sherratt, Samuel C R, Mason, R Preston, Libby, Peter, Steg, Ph Gabriel, and Bhatt, Deepak L

Subjects
OMEGA-3 fatty acids, ATHEROSCLEROTIC plaque, BLOOD lipids, DOCOSAHEXAENOIC acid, EICOSAPENTAENOIC acid, MEMBRANE lipids
Abstract

Omega-3 fatty acids (O3FAs) possess beneficial properties for cardiovascular (CV) health and elevated O3FA levels are associated with lower incident risk for CV disease (CVD.) Yet, treatment of at-risk patients with various O3FA formulations has produced disparate results in large, well-controlled and well-conducted clinical trials. Prescription formulations and fish oil supplements containing low-dose mixtures of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have routinely failed to prevent CV events in primary and secondary prevention settings when added to contemporary care, as shown most recently in the STRENGTH and OMEMI trials. However, as observed in JELIS, REDUCE-IT, and RESPECT-EPA, EPA-only formulations significantly reduce CVD events in high-risk patients. The CV mechanism of action of EPA, while certainly multifaceted, does not depend solely on reductions of circulating lipids, including triglycerides (TG) and LDL, and event reduction appears related to achieved EPA levels suggesting that the particular chemical and biological properties of EPA, as compared to DHA and other O3FAs, may contribute to its distinct clinical efficacy. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown different effects of EPA compared with DHA alone or EPA/DHA combination treatments, on atherosclerotic plaque morphology, LDL and membrane oxidation, cholesterol distribution, membrane lipid dynamics, glucose homeostasis, endothelial function, and downstream lipid metabolite function. These findings indicate that prescription-grade, EPA-only formulations provide greater benefit than other O3FAs formulations tested. This review summarizes the clinical findings associated with various O3FA formulations, their efficacy in treating CV disease, and their underlying mechanisms of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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30. Risk Categorization Using New American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines for Cholesterol Management and Its Relation to Alirocumab Treatment Following Acute Coronary Syndromes

Author

Roe, Matthew T., Li, Qian H., Bhatt, Deepak L., Bittner, Vera A., Diaz, Rafael, Goodman, Shaun G., Harrington, Robert A., Jukema, J. Wouter, Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio, Lopes, Renato D., Louie, Michael J., Moriarty, Patrick M., Szarek, Michael, Vogel, Robert, White, Harvey D., Zeiher, Andreas M., Baccara-Dinet, Marie T., Steg, Ph. Gabriel, and Schwartz, Gregory G.

Published
2019
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32. Estimation of recurrent atherosclerotic cardiovascular event risk in patients with established cardiovascular disease

Author

Hageman, Steven H. J., McKay, Ailsa J., Ueda, Peter, Gunn, Laura H., Jernberg, Tomas, Hagström, Emil, Bhatt, Deepak L., Steg, Ph. Gabriel, Läll, Kristi, Mägi, Reedik, Gynnild, Mari Nordbø, Ellekjær, Hanne, Saltvedt, Ingvild, Tuñón, José, Mahíllo, Ignacio, Aceña, Álvaro, Kaminski, Karol, Chlabicz, Malgorzata, Sawicka, Emilia, Tillman, Taavi, McEvoy, John W., di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Graham, Ian, de Bacquer, Dirk, Ray, Kausik K., Dorresteijn, Jannick A. N., Visseren, Frank L. J., Asselbergs, F. W., Nathoe, H. M., de Borst, G. J., Bots, M. L., Geerlings, M. I., Emmelot, M. H., de Jong, P. A., Leiner, T., Lely, A. T., van der Kaaij, N. P., Kappelle, L. J., Ruigrok, Y. M., Verhaar, M. C., Visseren, F. L. J., Westerink, J., Halle, Martin, Timmis, Adam D., Lettino, Maddalena, Vardas, Panos E., McEvoy, John William, Graham, Ian M., and Academic Medical Center

Subjects
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems, PREDICTION, Myocardial Infarction, Residual risk, Risk Assessment, ARTERIAL-DISEASE, Recurrent risk, Risk Factors, Medicine and Health Sciences, Humans, Cardiac and Cardiovascular Systems, 1102 Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, METAANALYSIS, Science & Technology, Kardiologi, Secondary prevention, 1103 Clinical Sciences, ASSOCIATION, Atherosclerosis, Established ASCVD, COMPETING RISKS, PREVENTION, Risk prediction, Stroke, ASPIRIN, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Cardiovascular Diseases, CLINICAL-PRACTICE, Personalized treatment, Cardiovascular System & Cardiology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, OUTPATIENTS, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Algorithms, Biomarkers, TASK-FORCE
Abstract

Aims The 10-year risk of recurrent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events in patients with established ASCVD can be estimated with the Secondary Manifestations of ARTerial disease (SMART) risk score, and may help refine clinical management. To broaden generalizability across regions, we updated the existing tool (SMART2 risk score) and recalibrated it with regional incidence rates and assessed its performance in external populations. Methods and results Individuals with coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral artery disease, or abdominal aortic aneurysms were included from the Utrecht Cardiovascular Cohort-SMART cohort [n = 8355; 1706 ASCVD events during a median follow-up of 8.2 years (interquartile range 4.2-12.5)] to derive a 10-year risk prediction model for recurrent ASCVD events (non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, or cardiovascular mortality) using a Fine and Gray competing risk-adjusted model. The model was recalibrated to four regions across Europe, and to Asia (excluding Japan), Japan, Australia, North America, and Latin America using contemporary cohort data from each target region. External validation used data from seven cohorts [Clinical Practice Research Datalink, SWEDEHEART, the international REduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health (REACH) Registry, Estonian Biobank, Spanish Biomarkers in Acute Coronary Syndrome and Biomarkers in Acute Myocardial Infarction (BACS/BAMI), the Norwegian COgnitive Impairment After STroke, and Bialystok PLUS/Polaspire] and included 369 044 individuals with established ASCVD of whom 62 807 experienced an ASCVD event. C-statistics ranged from 0.605 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.547-0.664] in BACS/BAMI to 0.772 (95% CI 0.659-0.886) in REACH Europe high-risk region. The clinical utility of the model was demonstrated across a range of clinically relevant treatment thresholds for intensified treatment options. Conclusion The SMART2 risk score provides an updated, validated tool for the prediction of recurrent ASCVD events in patients with established ASCVD across European and non-European populations. The use of this tool could allow for a more personalized approach to secondary prevention based upon quantitative rather than qualitative estimates of residual risk. Key objective To improve upon prediction of 10-year residual atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) event risk in individuals with established ASCVD, by taking into account competing risks and geographical differences in ASCVD incidence. Key findings Derivation in 8355 individuals with established ASCVD from the Utrecht Cardiovascular Cohort-Secondary Manifestations of ARTerial disease (SMART) cohort. C-statistics ranged from 0.605 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.547-0.664] to 0.772 (95% CI 0.659-0.886). Clinical utility was demonstrated across a range of treatment thresholds relevant to therapy intensification. Take-home messages The SMART2 risk score can be used to estimate 10-year residual risk of fatal and non-fatal ASCVD in individuals with established ASCVD. Adapted to the CVD incidence in several global regions. Facilitates shared decision-making on Step 2 prevention goals as recommended by the 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular prevention.

Published
2022

34. Time to clinical benefit with sotagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the SCORED randomized trial.

Author

Aggarwal, Rahul, Bhatt, Deepak L., Szarek, Michael, Leiter, Lawrence A., Cannon, Christopher P., Lopes, Renato D., Davies, Michael J, Banks, Phillip, Pitt, Bertram, and Steg, Ph. Gabriel

Subjects
TYPE 2 diabetes, CHRONIC kidney failure, MEDICAL research, WOMEN'S hospitals
Abstract

A post hoc analysis of the SCORED randomized trial examined the time to clinical benefit with sotagliflozin, a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. The study found that sotagliflozin reduced the risk of heart failure outcomes in patients with these conditions. The analysis showed that the benefits of sotagliflozin were observed as early as 95 days after randomization and were sustained throughout the study period. The findings suggest that initiating therapy with sotagliflozin quickly may lead to meaningful improvements in heart failure outcomes. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
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36. Central Adjudication Identified Additional and Prognostically Important Myocardial Infarctions in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Results From CHAMPION PHOENIX

Author

Olivier, Christoph B., Bhatt, Deepak L., Leonardi, Sergio, Stone, Gregg W., Gibson, C. Michael, Steg, Ph. Gabriel, Hamm, Christian W., Wilson, Matthew D., Mangum, Stacey, Price, Matthew J., Prats, Jayne, White, Harvey D., Lopes, Renato D., Harrington, Robert A., and Mahaffey, Kenneth W.

Published
2019
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37. Outcomes With Cangrelor Versus Clopidogrel on a Background of Bivalirudin: Insights From the CHAMPION PHOENIX (A Clinical Trial Comparing Cangrelor to Clopidogrel Standard Therapy in Subjects Who Require Percutaneous Coronary Intervention [PCI])

Author

White, Harvey D., Bhatt, Deepak L., Gibson, C. Michael, Hamm, Christian W., Mahaffey, Kenneth W., Price, Matthew J., Steg, Ph. Gabriel, Stone, Gregg W., Cortese, Bernardo, Wilensky, Michael, Deliargyris, Efthymios N., Liu, Tiepu, Prats, Jayne, and Harrington, Robert A.

Published
2015
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38. Elevated C-Reactive Protein Amplifies Association of Lipoprotein(a) With Cardiovascular Risk and Clinical Benefit of Alirocumab

Author

Schwartz, Gregory G., primary, Szarek, Michael, additional, Zeiher, Andreas, additional, White, Harvey D., additional, Jukema, J. Wouter, additional, Harrington, Robert A., additional, Goodman, Shaun G., additional, Diaz, Rafael, additional, Bittner, Vera, additional, Bhatt, Deepak L., additional, and Steg, Ph. Gabriel, additional

Published
2022
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42. Effects of Randomized Treatment With Icosapent Ethyl and a Mineral Oil Comparator on Interleukin-1β, Interleukin-6, C-Reactive Protein, Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Homocysteine, Lipoprotein(a), and Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2: A REDUCE-IT Biomarker Substudy

Author

Ridker, Paul M, primary, Rifai, Nader, additional, MacFadyen, Jean, additional, Glynn, Robert J., additional, Jiao, Lixia, additional, Steg, Ph. Gabriel, additional, Miller, Michael, additional, Brinton, Eliot A., additional, Jacobson, Terry A., additional, Tardif, Jean-Claude, additional, Ballantyne, Christie M., additional, Mason, R. Preston, additional, and Bhatt, Deepak L., additional

Published
2022
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45. Reduction in Revascularization With Icosapent Ethyl

Author

Peterson, Benjamin E., Bhatt, Deepak L., Steg, Ph. Gabriel, Miller, Michael, Brinton, Eliot A., Jacobson, Terry A., Ketchum, Steven B., Juliano, Rebecca A., Jiao, Lixia, Doyle, Ralph T., Granowitz, Craig, Gibson, C. Michael, Pinto, Duane, Giugliano, Robert P., Budoff, Matthew J., Tardif, Jean-Claude, Verma, Subodh, and Ballantyne, Christie M.

Subjects
Male, eicosapentaenoic acid, prevention & control, Middle Aged, icosapent ethyl, Double-Blind Method, myocardial revascularization, Cardiovascular Diseases, Original Research Articles, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Female, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors, Aged, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text., Background: Patients with elevated triglycerides despite statin therapy have increased risk for ischemic events, including coronary revascularizations. Methods: REDUCE-IT (The Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl–Intervention Trial), a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, randomly assigned statin-treated patients with elevated triglycerides (135–499 mg/dL), controlled low-density lipoprotein (41–100 mg/dL), and either established cardiovascular disease or diabetes plus other risk factors to receive icosapent ethyl 4 g/d or placebo. The primary and key secondary composite end points were significantly reduced. Prespecified analyses examined all coronary revascularizations, recurrent revascularizations, and revascularization subtypes. Results: A total of 8179 randomly assigned patients were followed for 4.9 years (median). First revascularizations were reduced to 9.2% (22.5/1000 patient-years) with icosapent ethyl versus 13.3% (33.7/1000 patient-years) with placebo (hazard ratio, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.58–0.76]; P

Published
2020

46. Estimation of recurrent atherosclerotic cardiovascular event risk in patients with established cardiovascular disease : the updated SMART2 algorithm

Author

Hageman, Steven H. J., McKay, Ailsa J., Ueda, Peter, Gunn, Laura H., Jernberg, Tomas, Hagström, Emil, Bhatt, Deepak L., Steg, Ph Gabriel, Lall, Kristi, Magi, Reedik, Gynnild, Mari Nordbo, Ellekjaer, Hanne, Saltvedt, Ingvild, Tunon, Jose, Mahillo, Ignacio, Acena, Alvaro, Kaminski, Karol, Chlabicz, Malgorzata, Sawicka, Emilia, Tillman, Taavi, McEvoy, John W., Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Graham, Ian, De Bacquer, Dirk, Ray, Kausik K., Dorresteijn, Jannick A. N., Visseren, Frank L. J., Hageman, Steven H. J., McKay, Ailsa J., Ueda, Peter, Gunn, Laura H., Jernberg, Tomas, Hagström, Emil, Bhatt, Deepak L., Steg, Ph Gabriel, Lall, Kristi, Magi, Reedik, Gynnild, Mari Nordbo, Ellekjaer, Hanne, Saltvedt, Ingvild, Tunon, Jose, Mahillo, Ignacio, Acena, Alvaro, Kaminski, Karol, Chlabicz, Malgorzata, Sawicka, Emilia, Tillman, Taavi, McEvoy, John W., Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Graham, Ian, De Bacquer, Dirk, Ray, Kausik K., Dorresteijn, Jannick A. N., and Visseren, Frank L. J.

Abstract

Aims The 10-year risk of recurrent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events in patients with established ASCVD can be estimated with the Secondary Manifestations of ARTerial disease (SMART) risk score, and may help refine clinical management. To broaden generalizability across regions, we updated the existing tool (SMART2 risk score) and recalibrated it with regional incidence rates and assessed its performance in external populations. Methods and results Individuals with coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral artery disease, or abdominal aortic aneurysms were included from the Utrecht Cardiovascular Cohort-SMART cohort [n = 8355; 1706 ASCVD events during a median follow-up of 8.2 years (interquartile range 4.2-12.5)] to derive a 10-year risk prediction model for recurrent ASCVD events (non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, or cardiovascular mortality) using a Fine and Gray competing risk-adjusted model. The model was recalibrated to four regions across Europe, and to Asia (excluding Japan), Japan, Australia, North America, and Latin America using contemporary cohort data from each target region. External validation used data from seven cohorts [Clinical Practice Research Datalink, SWEDEHEART, the international REduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health (REACH) Registry, Estonian Biobank, Spanish Biomarkers in Acute Coronary Syndrome and Biomarkers in Acute Myocardial Infarction (BACS/BAMI), the Norwegian COgnitive Impairment After STroke, and Bialystok PLUS/Polaspire] and included 369 044 individuals with established ASCVD of whom 62 807 experienced an ASCVD event. C-statistics ranged from 0.605 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.547-0.664] in BACS/BAMI to 0.772 (95% CI 0.659-0.886) in REACH Europe high-risk region. The clinical utility of the model was demonstrated across a range of clinically relevant treatment thresholds for intensified treatment options. Conclusion The SMART2 risk score provides an updated, v

Published
2022
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47. Balance of benefit and risk of ticagrelor in patients with diabetes and stable coronary artery disease according to bleeding risk assessment with the CRUSADE score : Data from THEMIS and THEMIS PCI

Author

Ducrocq, Gregory, Bhatt, Deepak L., Lee, Jane J., Kui, Naishu, Fox, Kim M., Harrington, Robert A., Leiter, Lawrence A., Mehta, Shamir R., Kiss, Robert Gabor, James, Stefan, Vinereanu, Dragos, Huber, Kurt, Andersson, Marielle, Himmelmann, Anders, Simon, Tabassome, Steg, Ph Gabriel, Ducrocq, Gregory, Bhatt, Deepak L., Lee, Jane J., Kui, Naishu, Fox, Kim M., Harrington, Robert A., Leiter, Lawrence A., Mehta, Shamir R., Kiss, Robert Gabor, James, Stefan, Vinereanu, Dragos, Huber, Kurt, Andersson, Marielle, Himmelmann, Anders, Simon, Tabassome, and Steg, Ph Gabriel

Abstract

Background The THEMIS trial demonstrated that in high-risk patients with stable coronary artery disease and diabetes without previous myocardial infarction or stroke, ticagrelor, in addition to aspirin, reduced the incidence of ischemic events but increased major bleeding. Identification of patients who could derive the greatest net benefit from the addition of ticagrelor appears important. We used the CRUSADE bleeding risk score to risk stratify the THEMIS population. Methods The population was divided into tertiles: score <= 22, 23 to 33, and >= 34. In each tertile, primary efficacy (composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke) and safety (TIMI major bleeding) outcomes were analyzed. NACE (net adverse clinical events) was defined as the irreversible harm composite, in which all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke, amputations, fatal bleeds, and intracranial hemorrhage were counted. Results Patients in the lower risk tertile experienced fewer ischemic events with ticagrelor than placebo, whereas there was no significant benefit from ticagrelor in the other tertiles (P-interaction = .008). Bleeding rates were consistently increased with ticagrelor across all tertiles (P-interaction = .79). Ticagrelor reduced NACE in the first tertile (HR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.61-0.90) but not in the others (HR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.86-1.23 and HR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.91-1.22, respectively; P-interaction = .012). Conclusions In patients with stable coronary artery disease and diabetes without a history of myocardial infarction or stroke, only those at the lower end of the bleeding risk spectrum according to the CRUSADE score derived net benefit from ticagrelor.

Published
2022
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49. Transiently achieved very low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels by statin and alirocumab after acute coronary syndrome are associated with cardiovascular risk reduction: the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial.

Author

Schwartz, Gregory G, Szarek, Michael, Bhatt, Deepak L, Bittner, Vera A, Bujas-Bobanovic, Maja, Diaz, Rafael, Fazio, Sergio, Fras, Zlatko, Goodman, Shaun G, Harrington, Robert A, Jukema, J Wouter, Manvelian, Garen, Pordy, Robert, Ray, Kausik K, Scemama, Michel, White, Harvey D, Steg, Ph Gabriel, and Investigators, for the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES

Subjects
LDL cholesterol, ACUTE coronary syndrome, MAJOR adverse cardiovascular events, CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors, PATIENT compliance
Abstract

Aims Long-term, placebo-controlled cholesterol-lowering trials have demonstrated legacy effects (clinical benefits that persist or emerge after trial end). It is unknown whether legacy effects follow a short period of very low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels achieved with statin plus proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor. Methods and results In 18 924 patients with recent acute coronary syndrome, the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial compared the PCSK9 inhibitor alirocumab with placebo, each added to high-intensity or maximum-tolerated statin therapy. Patients with two consecutive LDL-C levels <0.39 mmol/L (15 mg/dL) on alirocumab had blinded placebo substitution for the remainder of the trial with continued statin treatment. In post hoc analyses, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in these patients were compared to MACE in propensity score–matched patients from the placebo group with similar baseline characteristics and study medication adherence. In the alirocumab group, 730 patients had blinded placebo substitution at a median of 8.3 months from randomization, after a median of 6.0 months with LDL-C <0.39 mmol/L. They were matched to 1460 placebo patients. Both groups had lower baseline LDL-C and lipoprotein(a) and better study medication adherence than those of the overall cohort. Over a median follow-up of 2.8 years, MACE occurred in 47 (6.4%) alirocumab patients with limited-duration, very low achieved LDL-C vs. 122 (8.4%) matched placebo patients (treatment hazard ratio 0.72; 95% confidence interval 0.51, 0.997; P = 0.047). Conclusion A short period of LDL-C levels <0.39 mmol/L achieved with statin and alirocumab, followed by statin monotherapy, was associated with a lower risk of MACE than statin monotherapy throughout the observation period. Clinical benefit persisted for several years. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01663402 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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