Search

Simultaneous wireless power and data transfer (SWPDT) is widely investigated because of increasing requirement on real-time communication between the primary and secondary sides in wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. This paper classifies SWPDT systems into four categories according to the type and number of data channel and data carrier generation method. They are power carrier based SWPDT system, high-frequency data carrier based SWPDT system, multiple inductive channels SWPDT system, and inductive-capacitive hybrid channels SWPDT system, respectively. Four key issues including crosstalk minimization, improvement of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), modulation method for high data rate and low bit error rate (BER), and special design to achieve full-duplex communication and improve misalignment tolerance are discussed. The advantages, disadvantages, and applications of the four types of SWPDT systems are summarized. Finally, conclusions and outlook of SWPDT system are given.

The authors of the article touch on the major topic of ensuring access of persons with disabilities to facilities and services, which is an indicator of guaranteeing the rights and freedoms of such citizens and ultimately determines the quality of life of such people. The article analyzes the current Ukrainian legislation, as well as international legal acts governing relations regarding access of persons with disabilities to the general infrastructure. The methodology of the article includes methods of analysis, synthesis, formal-legal and comparative-legal methods. The essence of the right of persons with disabilities to access facilities and services is the legally guaranteed possibility of these persons to freely use all facilities and services without any barriers, including through the adaptation of the latter or their special design. The authors of the article thoroughly researched the concept and content of the right of persons with disabilities to access facilities and services. Finally, the authors concluded that the current domestic legislation, although ensuring the minimum level of rights of persons with disabilities in the study area but needs to be improved taking into account the positive experience of European countries and following the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.

In the article on the basis of the complex analysis of sources and scientific literature the attempt to investigate historical circumstances of development and construction of shunting electric locomotives at the Dnipropetrovsk electric locomotive plant has been made. It was found that during the 1960s and 1970s, the team of designers of the Dnipropetrovsk plant, having strong research and production potential, at the request of the Ministry of Railways of the USSR developed and built unique samples of shunting electric locomotives of the VL41 and VL26 series to meet the needs of Soviet main-line railways with modern high-tech electric vehicles. It is proved that in the absence of thorough experience and, accordingly, the possibility of a rapid technological breakthrough in the development of main-line locomotives, during the experimental operation of shunting electric locomotives VL41 and VL26, several design shortcomings were identified, which led to their further use exclusively on the house tracks of enterprises, and designers of Dnipropetrovsk plant later focused on the development and construction of traction units for industrial application commissioned by the Ministry of Ferrous Metallurgy of the USSR. At the same time, the construction of the main-line railway equipment to the order of the Ministry of Railways allowed the staff of the enterprise to gain valuable experience, which was later used in the implementation of the renewal program of rolling stock of Ukrzaliznytsia. Although today the Dnipropetrovsk plant is in decline, the analysis of historical circumstances of formation and design and technological heritage of electric locomotive construction in Ukraine is of fundamental importance both in the general perspective of the development of domestic transport engineering, and the railway industry in particular. Further study of the history of Dnipropetrovsk electric locomotive plant requires clarification of the historical circumstances of institutionalization of the Special Design and Technology Bureau of the enterprise from the creation of industrial electric locomotives and traction units to the development and re-equipment of main traction rolling stock and specialized repair equipment within the state enterprise “Ukrainian Research Design Institute of Electric Locomotive Engineering”.

The article discusses the concepts of continuous vacuum apparatus operation: vertical VKT (VKT – Verdampfungs-Kristallisations-Turm) and horizontal cascade of VKH vacuum apparatus (VKH —horizontal vacuum pan) from BMA (Germany). The advantages and features of the vertical continuous vacuum apparatus VKT are shown, as well as the possibilities for increasing the efficiency of the product department of sugar factories. Thanks to the special design of the crystallization chambers, the low massecuite level above the heating chamber and the use of mechanical stirrers in each chamber, the VKT apparatus can operate without difficulty with a very small temperature difference between heating steam and massecuite, as well as with an absolute heating steam pressure well below 1 bar. With optimal use of VKT vacuum apparatus, a variety of energy-saving schemes can be implemented, for example, double-effect evaporation in the crystallization section. Part of the secondary crystallization steam is used to heat one of the VKT units, which saves the heating steam of the evaporator unit used for this purpose. With an increase in the productivity of the sugar factory, it is possible to quickly equip the VKT apparatus with an additional chamber. The device works continuously throughout the season, especially with products with massecuite purity of more than 94%. The chambers are cleaned without stopping the entire apparatus. The boiling of massecuite of all stages of crystallization in VKT devices ensures a uniform operating mode of the food compartment, allows to achieve an increase in sugar yield and helps to reduce steam consumption at the plant.

ObjectiveThe female condom is a non-hormonal barrier method that can protect from unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections such as HIV. Female condoms are an important contribution to women’s reproductive health globally as they are the only woman-initiated method currently available that can provide dual protection. This article describes how human-centred design (HCD) was applied to the development of the Woman’s Condom—a second-generation female condom.MethodsA multidisciplinary team pioneered the application of HCD principles to develop a novel reproductive health product. The Woman’s Condom design incorporated feedback from both female and male users from multiple sites in the USA and Cuernavaca, Mexico; Durban, South Africa and Khon Kaen, Thailand to inform product development.ResultsWe developed and tested more than 50 design iterations reflecting various solutions to user-related concerns. The final locked design confirmed that the Woman’s Condom was easy to use, stable, comfortable and provided satisfactory sensation during sex for both partners. The ‘dissolving capsule’ to facilitate insertion and ‘soft cling’ design are key innovative features of the Woman’s Condom.ConclusionThe Woman’s Condom is a second-generation female (or internal) condom product that has been shown to be highly acceptable to users throughout the world. The Woman’s Condom’s special design features enable easy insertion, secure fit during use, good sensation and easy removal. Engaging users as codesigners through an HCD approach resulted in a female condom that meets the needs of women and men from diverse regions.

This work summarizes the results of the creation of adaptive control systems for growing single crystals of oxides and sapphire by the methods of Czochralski, Stepanov (EFG) and Kyropoulos using weight sensors. The developed adaptive automated control systems for these growing methods are used on crystal growth unis produced by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Experimental Factory of Scientific Engineering with the Special Design Bureau of the Russian Academy of Sciences for industrial application and research.

The necessity of further development or improvement of protective equipment based on the use of ordinary rock with special design features for effective maintenance of preparatory workings behind stoping face during underground coal mining in the conditions of mines in the Ukrainian Donbass is justified. The mechanism of formation of load-bearing rock structures is considered, as well as the factors that affect their stability are analyzed, and the most influential of them are identified. To establish the rational parameters of these structures, analytical studies were carried out to study the features of load transfer in rock structures. For this purpose, analytical models were proposed for composing equations for the boundary equilibrium of elementary volumes over the height and width of a rock embankment with lateral resistance. The solution of differential equations made it possible to establish analytical dependences of stresses in the rock structure on the main factors affecting: the value of the load on the structure, its height and width, the angle of internal friction of the embedded material and its volume density. It is established that stresses decrease exponentially in the height and width of ordinary rock structures. The established regularities make it possible to determine the amount of required resistance to the side walls to ensure the stability of rock structures, taking into account the main influencing factors.

Здійснено огляд та виклад історії нині розсекреченої, а раніше абсолютно невідомої військової автомобільної техніки. Подано опис агрегатів рухомих ґрунтових ракетних комплексів, які створювалися в умовах абсолютної таємності в закритих спеціальних конструкторських бюро і на численних підприємствах країни. Ключові слова: Ракетні війська стратегічного призначення, бойове чергування, рухомий ґрунтовий ракетний комплекс, рухомий командний пункт, автономні машини бойового, технічного і побутового забезпечення особового складу стратегічних ракетних комплексів.

The recent advances in wearable technologies had caused a surge in the demand for stretchable Li-ion microbatteries. Herein, a special design based on micropillar electrodes supported on metallic serpentines has been investigated to achieve the fabrication of a functionning device. Besides achieving high areal capacity values like 2.5 ​mA ​h ​cm−2 at C/10 (i.e. 0.07 ​mA ​cm−2), the micropillars make the system reversibly stretchable. Electrochemical tests revealed excellent performance when the stretchable micropower source was subjected to different mechanical strains. Indeed, 73% of the capacity is retained over 100 cycles under 30% strain and all fatigue tests showed that capacity retention remain higher than 70%.

This study focuses on explaining and understanding the physical factors which reinforced housing quality in urban communities in Ibadan Nigeria. It explained the different physical variables which prefigure housing quality. The study used a conceptual model which recognised nineteen building components consisting of special design features, safety features, building types, buildings orientation, buildings ages, wastes disposal methods and building forms among others. For the questionnaire survey, 985 (20%) respondents out of a total of 4,922 respondents in five randomly selected urban communities in Ibadan were systematically sampled. The information obtained from the survey revealed residents levels of perception of housing quality with their urban communities, which were analysed using Correlation and Relative Important Index. The significant levels of association were determined at either 0.05 or 0.01 probability levels. The results showed significant pearson’s correlation (r) among pairs of the twenty (20) identified relevant housing variables. The results suggested that these factors are stronger determinant of residents’ perception of housing quality. Consequently, closer consideration should be paid to this factor in the design and development of not only existing urban communities but also in the conceptualisation of new ones.

Extreme ground behaviour in high-stress rock masses such as rockburst prone and squeezing ground conditions are encountered in a range of underground projects both in civil and mining applications. The occurrence of such ground behaviour types are difficult to predict and special design and construction measures must be taken to control them. Determining the most appropriate support system in such grounds is one of the major challenges for ground control engineers because there are many contributing factors to be considered, such as the rock mass parameters, the stress condition, the type and performance of the support systems, the condition of major geological structures and the size and geometry of the underground excavation. The main characteristics and support requirements of rockburst-prone and squeezing ground conditions are herein critically reviewed and characteristics of support functions are discussed. Different types of energy-absorbing rockbolts and other support elements applicable for ground support in burst-prone and squeezing grounds are introduced. Important differences in the choice and economics of ground support strategies in high-stress ground conditions between civil tunnels and mining excavations are discussed. Ground support benchmarking data and mitigation measures for mines and civil tunnels in burst-prone, squeezing and heavily swelling grounds conditions are briefly presented by some examples in practice.

The article publishes a series of bone (horn) girth buckles from the necropolis of the Rouran time of the Choburak-I archaeological complex, located in the Chemal district of the Altai Republic. The authors present a detailed description of the main morphological features of six well-preserved products which were found in four male (mounds №30a, 31, 32, 34a) and two female (mounds №32a, 34) burials with a riding horse. The classification of published girth buckles made it possible to divide them into three types. The dated analogies of the considered finds from the Altai complexes dating back to the 4th-5th centuries AD are presented. For the studied specimens, general and special design details were revealed in comparison with the already known girth buckles from other sites of the Bulan-Koby culture of Altai. It was established that products from the Choburak-I complex demonstrate the development of local modifications of items of the group in question during the period of the Rouran Khaganate. Published archaeological materials expand the source base for a comprehensive study of the equipment of the riding horse of the Altai population at the turn of late Antiquity and early Middle Ages.

In this paper, mechanical losses in a hydraulic motor supplied with water and mineral oil (two liquids having significantly different viscosity and lubricating properties) are described and compared. The experimental tests were conducted using a special design (prototype) of a hydraulic satellite motor. The design of the satellite motor is presented. This motor was developed to supply both with water and mineral oil and features a non-circular tooth working mechanism. The paper also characterizes sources of mechanical losses in this motor. On this basis, a mathematical model of these losses has been developed and presented. The results of calculation of mechanical losses according to the model are compared with the experimental results. Experimental studies have shown that the mechanical losses in the motor supplied with water are 2.8 times greater than those in the motor supplied with oil. The work demonstrates that the mechanical losses in both the motor supplied with water and the one supplied with oil are described well by the mathematical model. It has been found that for the loaded motor working at high speed, the simulation results differ from experimental ones by no more than 3% for oil and 4% for water.

In this work, flower-like Bi2MoO6 nanoparticles grown on FTO substrates were firstly fabricated using a seed-free hydrothermal method. The Bi2MoO6 nanoflowers exhibited, to the best of our knowledge, higher photoelectrochemical (PEC) performances than other previously reported morphologies. It is generally accepted that the formation of type-I heterostructures is unfavorable for PEC applications. Nevertheless, in this work, we have successfully constructed a novel type-I architecture with numerous electron transport channels. In this unique Bi2MoO6/BiVO4 structure, BiVO4 films were continuously distributed on both the surfaces and the interstices of Bi2MoO6 nanoflowers. Interconnected BiVO4 nanoparticles could intimately contact with FTO substrates and thus constitute the electron transport channels, which could promptly transfer electrons to FTO substrates. Simultaneously, a cocatalyst of g-C3N4 was modified on the surfaces of BiVO4 to capture the photogenerated holes. As a result, the PEC activities of Bi2MoO6/BiVO4 heterostructures were significantly improved due to the enhanced charge carriers separation efficiency. The special design of electron transport channel may provide a universal strategy to address the intrinsic drawbacks of type-I heterostructures.

In China, a special anode design with a button in each stub hole is adopted by many smelters. To investigate the effects of the stub hole button on the anode, numerical simulations of the anode rodding process and the running process of the conventional anode without a stub hole button (design A) and the special design (design B) were conducted. In anode rodding, design B shows worse cooling capacity than design A, while the air gap of design B (0.39 mm to 0.94 mm) is larger than that of design A (0.3 mm to 0.45 mm). During the anode running process, the stub hole button could contact neither the cast iron nor the stub, and the anode voltage drop of design B is 26 mV larger than that of design A because the larger air gap deteriorates the cast iron–carbon contact. In conclusion, the stub hole button should be removed.

The authors are grateful to Mykola Borysovych Stepanov, Senior Researcher of the Special Design Bureau “Shtorm” of the National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, and Ivan Mykhailovych Vasylkevych, Candidate of Chemical Sciences, Senior Researcher, for their help during the research conduction, and for provision of scientific advisory support.

The study of many arthropod-borne pathogens requires high biosafety considerations, including the use of specialized facilities and equipment for arthropod containment. Mosquito- and tick-borne viruses such as yellow fever, West Nile, and Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever viruses require facilities that are suitable for housing vertebrates. Multidisciplinary studies that incorporate the vector, vertebrate, and pathogens are essential for a complete understanding of the interactions between these transmission cycle components, especially if they aim to evaluate and model relative susceptibilities of different arthropods and vertebrates to infection and transmission between these. Under laboratory conditions, these studies can be relatively simple, for example, involving colonized arthropods, small animals, and attenuated viruses. Other studies are complex with large animals, high-biocontainment pathogens, and field-collected arthropods. These require a higher level of containment and special design considerations. Both of these types of experiments have their relative merits. A thorough understanding of the issues related to these types of studies and the benefits and drawbacks to using various challenge models will enable the researcher to develop realistic goals for various experiments. This review examines the varied issues that should be considered prior to starting these experiments and covers the basics from the procurement of various arthropods, rearing, high-containment facilities and operational issues specific to work with arthropods, types of infection experiments, and specific issues with arthropod and animal experiments in biosafety levels 3 and 4.

Oil palm plantations on peatlands have a high acidity level and have an unstable soil structure. In the rainy season, the land surface tends to be slippery and stick to vehicle footwear or tires. While in the dry season, the soil is dry, flammable, and dusty, especially if it is passed by a four-wheeled vehicle with a significant weight and size. Farmers transport the harvest of palm fruit using a small size conveyance, a type of �arco� capacity 50-70 kg, plastic drum capacity 40-50 kg, and peninsula capacity 30-40 kg. The process of transporting palm fruit from harvest to the mill takes a long time, potentially harming farmers due to �restan fruit� (palm oil is loose from the stem). The leading cause is the conveyance that is used in small volumes and is done by human labor. Palm fruit to stay fresh arrived at the processing plant with a duration of no more than 2 x 24 hours, if late farmers experience a loss of 10-15% because the weight of the scales is shrinking. The innovation of traditional conveyance capacity 500-750 kg based on used materials has been carried out using a special design that takes into account the carrying capacity, labor, road conditions, and timeliness so that the fruit does not become �restan.� Farmers are much helped both in terms of energy, process (time), transport volume, and can be operated on peatlands in both the rainy or dry season.

Purpose: As the factors affecting the efficacy of the bare-metal stent in the treatment of aneurysm with a visceral vessel attached were not fully understood, we aimed to discuss the effects of different characteristics of the stent on the hemodynamics and flexibility in the treatment of the aneurysm. Methods: Single-layer (with different strut widths) and multi-layer (with a different number of struts) stent models divided into three porosity groups, with porosities of 72.3, 60.5, and 52.4%, were modeled for a comparison of their hemodynamic isolation and flexibility performance via computational fluid dynamics and finite element methods. Results: The velocity and timeaveraged wall shear stress decreased more noticeably with multi-layer stent interventions. A higher oscillatory shear index and relative residence time occurred at the aneurysmal sac wall after multi-layer stents were employed. Time-averaged wall shear stress on the aneurysmal wall decreased with an increase in the number of struts or a decrease in pore size, but oscillatory shear index and relative residence time increased as the number of struts increased or the pore size decreased. Besides, all stents affect the branch patency slightly. In the bending test, when the porosity exceeded 60.5%, multi-layer stents were more flexible. Conclusion: The number of struts or pore size of stent dominated the isolation in the management of the aneurysm and affected the flexibility significantly when the porosity was below 60.5%. These findings may contribute to the special design of the stent in the treatment of such types of aneurysms.

Many anti-vibration gloves are available in the market but there are lacks of understanding of their effectiveness in facilitating various hand movements. This study addresses the knowledge gap through a wear trial with five types of anti-vibration gloves made of chloroprene rubber and spacer fabric. Surface electromyography of three forearm muscles of 16 male subjects was conducted during gripping, key pinching, woodblock transporting, screw inserting and screw driving tasks. The correlation between the compression properties of the gloves and hand performance was also evaluated. The results show that hand dexterity is inhibited and more muscle activity is needed to carry the woodblocks with the spacer fabric glove without special design features. A thicker glove can reduce the demand of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle when using an impact driver. A thinner dorsal side and tailored padding can enhance hand dexterity. The findings can be used as a reference for designing anti-vibration gloves.

The boom of plant phenotype highlights the need to measure the physiological characteristics of an individual plant. However, continuous real‐time monitoring of a plant's internal physiological status remains challenging using traditional silicon‐based sensor technology, due to the fundamental mismatch between rigid sensors and soft and curved plant surfaces. Here, the first flexible electronic sensing device is reported that can harmlessly cohabitate with the plant and continuously monitor its stem sap flow, a critical plant physiological characteristic for analyzing plant health, water consumption, and nutrient distribution. Due to a special design and the materials chosen, the realized plant‐wearable sensor is thin, soft, lightweight, air/water/light‐permeable, and shows excellent biocompatibility, therefore enabling the sap flow detection in a continuous and non‐destructive manner. The sensor can serve as a noninvasive, high‐throughput, low‐cost toolbox, and holds excellent potentials in phenotyping. Furthermore, the real‐time investigation on stem flow insides watermelon reveals a previously unknown day/night shift pattern of water allocation between fruit and its adjacent branch, which has not been reported before., A plant‐wearable sensor in situ reveals water transport inside a plant. Due to a special design and the materials chosen, the realized plant‐wearable sensor is thin, soft, lightweight, air/water/light‐permeable, and shows excellent biocompatibility, therefore enabling detection in a continuous and non‐destructive manner.

In this study, the usability of ulexite and pinus brutia cone dust (PBCD) in friction composites were investigated experimentally. Polymer-matrix composite (PMC) samples were manufactured by powder metallurgy method. Produced samples with the same contents were compared with those of heat-treated. A special design friction tester was used to determine friction properties such as wear rate and friction coefficient. The results showed that ulexite and PBCD can be used as filler material in friction composites. The results also indicated that heat treatment improved the properties of the samples.

The special design features of transport-process lines for conditioned quartz sand used in the preparation of glass batch in batch plants are examined. Different variants of the schemes used to unload, store, and class a given raw material are presented. It is noted that additional separation of conditioned quartz sand containing random foreign impurities is necessary.

Simulated annealing is a stochastic local search method, initially introduced for global combinatorial mono-objective optimisation problems, allowing gradual convergence to a near-optimal solution. An extended version for multiobjective optimisation has been introduced to allow a construction of near-Pareto optimal solutions by means of an archive that catches nondominated solutions while exploring the feasible domain. Although simulated annealing provides a balance between the exploration and the exploitation, multiobjective optimisation problems require a special design to achieve this balance due to many factors including the number of objective functions. Accordingly, many variants of multiobjective simulated annealing have been introduced in the literature. This paper reviews the state of the art of simulated annealing algorithm with a focus upon multiobjective optimisation field.

Graphene and other two-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as promising materials for future optoelectric applications. However, low detectivity of two-dimensional materials based photodetector inhibits their application. Here, we report a lateral graphene/MoS2/graphene (GMG) heterostructure photodetector which was synthesized by chemical vapor disposition (CVD). Electrical measurement shows that on/off ratio is up to 10 6 and two opposing Schottky junctions are connected in a series. Photocurrent mapping indicates that the Schottky junctions formed by graphene and MoS2 are the core part of the device, where photoexcited electron-hole pairs are spontaneously and rapidly separated. The responsivity is more than 2 × 10 3 m A / W and the maximum specific detectivity is as high as 10 13 J o n e s , respectively. This special design for the 2D materials based photodetector with high detectivity gives great potential for future application in nano-optoelectronic devices.

An action plan presented here is the plan toward construction of a Demo reactor in Japan. A Task-force for development strategy of Tokamak Demo Reactors was established and has considered an action plan to construct the Demo in the 2040s. The action plan will lead works in a Joint Special Design Team for Fusion Demo established for design and R&D of the Demo reactor in Japan. Although the first version of action plan was reported in March 2016, a revised version, presented here, is being drafted in order to correspond to the new schedule of the ITER project agreed in 2016, because the ITER progress is one of critical issues in the action plan.

The big sized milling cutters are expensive tools and are not appropriate for small batches production. Making these tools more versatile, able to fit to different kinds of processes and shapes of the parts to be machined is a must. As well, cooling the cutting area is very important. The existing end-mill cutters are designed to feed internally with coolant only the teeth on the front side. The paper presents a concept of a modular tool, made of elementary disk cutters, able to be reconfigured to get different shapes and sizes. The main element of novelty the paper claims is the inner cooling system of the complex tool. The special design of the elementary milling cutters and of the shaft they are mounted on make the tool able to lead jets of coolant to every insert, no matter where they are placed, on the cylindrical or on the front side of the milling cutter. A network of channels drilled in the shaft and in the body of elementary milling cutters make this possible. The capability to splash with coolant under high pressure all the cutting edges do not depend on the number of teeth of the tool. Being delivered from inside the cutting tool, the coolant splashes directly on the contact surface between the inserts and workpiece, which makes cooling more efficient.

Recommendation Systems (RS) have become an essential part of many online services. Due to its pivotal role in guiding customers towards purchasing, there is a natural motivation for unscrupulous parties to spoof RS for profits. In this paper, we study the shilling attack: a subsistent and profitable attack where an adversarial party injects a number of user profiles to promote or demote a target item. Conventional shilling attack models are based on simple heuristics that can be easily detected, or directly adopt adversarial attack methods without a special design for RS. Moreover, the study on the attack impact on deep learning based RS is missing in the literature, making the effects of shilling attack against real RS doubtful. We present a novel Augmented Shilling Attack framework (AUSH) and implement it with the idea of Generative Adversarial Network. AUSH is capable of tailoring attacks against RS according to budget and complex attack goals, such as targeting a specific user group. We experimentally show that the attack impact of AUSH is noticeable on a wide range of RS including both classic and modern deep learning based RS, while it is virtually undetectable by the state-of-the-art attack detection model., Comment: CIKM 2020. 10 pages, 2 figures

Many different polymers and polymer composites are used for engineering applications in which friction and wear are critical issues. This article briefs (a) the importance of polymer tribology in general, (b) the special design principles of polymer composites for low friction and wear under sliding against smooth metallic counterparts, and (c) synergistic effects of nano-particles and traditional fillers and fibers for an optimal tribological performance. Based on these fundamental aspects, the article reviews traditional applications of polymeric tribo-components in mechanical and automotive engineering, including slide elements in textile machines, filament wound bushings for harsh environments, cages of high-precision ball bearings in dental turbines, and hybrid bushings in Diesel fuel injection pumps. A following chapter on special developments of tribo-components outlines (a) ways to achieve electrical conductivity of polymer bearings, (b) the enhancement of self-lubrication and self-healing potential by the incorporation of micro-capsules into the polymer matrix, (c) modern additive manufacturing methods for friction and wear loaded polymer parts, (d) the application and properties of high temperature polymer coatings, and (e) the composition and use of polymer composites under friction at cryogenic temperature conditions. Keywords: Polymer, Composites, Tribology, Friction, Wear, Electrical conductivity, Self-healing, Additive manufacturing, Cryogenic temperature, Coatings, Bearings, Multifunctionality

Conventional magazines for hazard division 1.1 are constructed using bricks and reinforced cement concrete (RCC) for which storage inside quantity distance (SIQD) is 2.4 W1/3 m, where W is Net Explosive Content in kg. New composite called laced reinforced concrete (LRC) has been developed recently, for which SIQD has been reduced up to 0.5 W1/3 m. Due to substantial reduction in separation distances, the requirement of land area has been reduced significantly. Although SIQD has been reduced drastically due to development of new composite, the other quantity distances like process inside quantity distance (PIQD) and outside quantity distance (OQD) decreased marginally. To reduce these quantity distances, the solution is multi-compartmented structures based on Unit Risk Principle. The application of unit risk principle enables the separation of explosives into compartments in such a manner that initiation of explosives in one compartment does not result in initiation of the explosives in adjacent compartments. This is achieved by special design of explosive storage buildings incorporating blast non-propagation walls between adjacent compartments storing explosives. Quantity distances are reduced for such magazines, as maximum credible limit corresponds to the quantity of explosive in one compartment. Present paper describes design and full scale testing of blast non-propagation wall between two compartments of a multi-compartmented explosive storage structure with storage capacity of 5 T Net Explosive Content (NEC) of HD 1.1 per compartment. The blast non-propagation wall comprising of sand filling and air gap between LRC walls has been designed for desired attenuation of blast parameters as well as for arresting high velocity fragments/debris. The design has been validated by fully instrumented design validation field trial. The conduct of the trial as well as the results are discussed in this paper.

Indoor Air quality (IAQ) in private or public environments is progressively recognized as a critical issue for human health. For that purpose the poor IAQ needs to be mitigated and immediate drastic measures must be taken. In environmental science and especially in advanced oxidation processes and technologies (AOPs-AOTs), photocatalysis has gained considerable interest among scientists as a tool for IAQ improvement. In the current study an innovative paint material was developed which exhibits intense photocatalytic activity under direct and diffused visible light for the degradation of air pollutants, suitable for indoor use. A laboratory and a real scale study were performed using the above innovative photo-paint. The lab test was performed in a special design photo-reactor while the real scale in a military&rsquo, s medical building. Nitrogen Oxide (NO) and Toluene concentration was monitored between &ldquo, reference&rdquo, rooms (without photo paint) and &ldquo, green&rdquo, rooms (with photo-paint) in order to estimate the photocatalytic efficiency of the photo-paint to degrade the above pollutants. Results of the study showed a decrease up to 60% and 16% for NO and toluene respectively under lab scale tests while an improvement of air quality up to 19% and 5% under real world conditions was achieved.

In this paper mechanical losses in a positive displacement pump supplied with water and mineral oil (two liquids having significantly different viscosity and lubricating properties) are described and compared. The experimental tests were conducted by using a prototype satellite pump of a special design. The design of the satellite pump is presented in the article. The pump features and a non-circular tooth working mechanism was developed to work with both water and mineral oil. The sources of mechanical losses in such pump are also characterized in this paper. On this basis, a mathematical model of the losses has been developed and presented. The results of the calculation of mechanical losses according to the model are compared with the results of the experiment. The experimental studies have shown that the mechanical losses in the water pump are even 2.8 times greater than those in the oil pump. It has been demonstrated that the mathematical model well describes the mechanical losses both in the water pump and the oil pump. It has been found that the results from the loaded pump simulation (at Δp=25MPa) differ from the results of the experiment by no more than 5% both for oil and water.

The special design of the Long Life Family Study provides a unique opportunity to investigate the genetics of human longevity by analyzing data on exceptional lifespans in families. In this article, we performed two series of genome wide association studies of human longevity which differed with respect to whether missing lifespan data were predicted or not predicted. We showed that the use of predicted lifespan is most beneficial when the follow-up period is relatively short. In addition to detection of strong associations of SNPs in APOE, TOMM40, NECTIN2, and APOC1 genes with longevity, we also detected a strong new association with longevity of rs1927465, located between the CYP26A1 and MYOF genes on chromosome 10. The association was confirmed using data from the Health and Retirement Study. We discuss the biological relevance of the detected SNPs to human longevity.

Абдулов Сергей Владимирович, кандидат технических наук, главный конструктор, ОАО «Специальное конструкторское бюро машиностроения», г. Курган; доцент кафедры гусеничных машин и прикладной механики, Курганский государственный университет, г. Курган, sincopa2004@mail.ru. Тараторкин Игорь Александрович, доктор технических наук, главный научный сотрудник, заведующий отделом механики транспортных машин, Институт машиноведения УрО РАН, г. Екатеринбург; профессор кафедры гусеничных машин и прикладной механики, Курганский государственный университет, г. Курган, ig_tar@mail.ru. Держанский Виктор Борисович, доктор технических наук, заведующий кафедрой гусеничных машин и прикладной механики, Курганский государственный университет, г. Курган, dvb_47@mail.ru. Тараторкин Александр Игоревич, кандидат технических наук, научный сотрудник, Институт машиноведения УрО РАН, г. Екатеринбург; ведущий инженер, ООО «КАТЕ», г. Москва, alexander_tar@mail.ru. Волков Александр Александрович, инженер отдела механики транспортных машин, Институт машиноведения УрО РАН, г. Екатеринбург; аспирант кафедры гусеничных машин и прикладной механики, Курганский государственный университет, г. Курган, al_volkov14@mail.ru. S.V. Abdulov1, 2, sincopa2004@mail.ru, I.A. Taratorkin2, 3, ig_tar@mail.ru, V.B. Derzhanskii2, dvb_47@mail.ru, A.I. Taratorkin3, 4, alexander_tar@mail.ru, A.A. Volkov2, 3, al_volkov14@mail.ru 1OJSC “Special Design Bureau of Mechanical Engineering”, Kurgan, Russian Federation, 2Kurgan State University, Kurgan, Russian Federation, 3Institute of Mechanical Engineering UB RAS, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation, 4Ltd “KATE”, Moscow, Russian Federation

At present, a direction of the encapsulation of raw materials, different in origin, is very important in the food and pharmaceutical industries, as evidenced by numerous scientific studies into this issue the world over. The use of ionotropic polysaccharides makes it possible to provide lipid food systems with fundamentally new properties. They enable obtaining traditional oils, fats, and mixtures in the dosed form and in individual edible packaging. This promotes perception of lipid raw material as a product with fundamentally new properties that may change the structure of many technological processes. We substantiated a technique for obtaining seamless capsules with the contents of food lipids, which allowed us to determine physical parameters for the formation of a thermally-stable capsule. It was established that the formation of the resulting lipid capsule with preset organoleptic indicators is possible under conditions of individual structural design of an extrusion head for encapsulation. We derived dependences of the time of formation of the thermodynamic stable capsule “food lipids – Alg 2 Ca” on the magnitudes that serve as parameters of technological process – the concentration of AlgNa, calcium ions, dimensional characteristics of a capsule, mass ratios of a shell-former and the lipid contents, design features of the device that enable capsule rotation around its axis. This makes it possible to receive a stable controlled technological process. It was found that the axial rotation of a capsule in the laminar flow of accepting medium at speed which is ensured by a special design of the device, allows the formation of capsules with preset organoleptic, product, technological properties over the analytically determined time

This note reports a simple and effective method to reduce mandibular fractures with newly designed fracture reduction forceps. Medical engineers and oral and maxillofacial surgeons discussed the problems related to existing reduction forceps and developed a new forceps. The forceps prevents lingual flaring by its special design, provide complete anatomical reduction under a tension of the forceps, makes IMF unnecessary in non-comminuted cases, allows precise application of plates, saves table assistance and operation time.

This study aims to overcome the bad social-emotional problems of children as well as to invite blind children to participate in playing and not forget to prioritize a special design aesthetic for blind children. The research results found are the results of primary data collection from observations of daily activities of the subject as well as interviews with the subject, teacher, and subject's parents and secondary data obtained from literacy results from related research sources. Research subjects were taken from students of SLB YPAB TEGALSARI SURABAYA. The research method used is to examine primary data and secondary data so that in finding these products it is found from the combined results of the analysis of the behavior patterns of blind children with design analysis, namely material / material, shape, color, and system. In the final result, a traditional game innovation is found that is inspired by a chess board that is often played in schools and modified into a snake and ladder board game for the blind. Keywords: Design, Board game, Snakes and Ladders, Blind

The way expectations are formed is a crucial economic issue, far from being resolved. Strategic response of forecasters to the consensus belief can explain key features of expectations formation documented in survey data. However, empirical evidence for such a response could be criticized on the basis of the underlying informational assumptions. This study exploits a special design, in an Israeli survey of firm-level inflation forecasts, which controls the information about consensus reported to the participants. We find a significant tendency of anti-herding, which is also related to the inflation level. As the inflation rate decreases, the tendency to anti-herd diminishes. This may suggest that a greater attention to inflation is associated with over-response to consensus.

A smartwatch is a mini-sized digital computer device that functions apart from being a watch and can also perform intelligent computing tasks. Due to screen size limitations, a smartwatch requires special design techniques on its input and output to allow interaction with its users. Text entry is often required by many applications, but because the smartwatch screen is small, text entry techniques commonly used on personal computers are impractical when applied to smartwatches. In this study, we introduce a design concept proposal for a soft keyboard called One Line Soft Keyboard with T9-Keys Layout. The soft keyboard design concept is expected to reduce the space on the keyboard on the smartwatch screen, along with the use of widely used button layouts that are familiar to users.

The present paper presented the results of meat products drying with a compact solar cabinet dryer. To meet the requirements of the user, the participation research (PAR) and scientific research is required for investigation. Thus this paper will present both in term of qualitative and quantitative results. The methodology of this study comprises of four main steps such as (1) determine the conceptual design of the solar dryer cabinet (2) selection technology (3) design and fabricate of the solar cabinet dryer and (4) performance testing. For all of these four steps the user and the researcher team have been involved and participated closely. The results from the study found that the developed solar cabinet dryer is suitable for specific use of drying meat products. It is noticed that with the special design of preheating ambient air will enhance the ambient air temperature pass through the solar collector house. The drying results of the seasoning raw pork for the duration of two days showed that the average temperature of each drying tray is in the range of 45.75-48.63 degree Celsius. The temperature at uppermost tray is highest and the temperature at the upper tray is higher than the lower tray. The temperature difference among the tray is in the range of 1- 3 degree Celsius. In which showed that the temperature distribution of the drying tray is almost uniform throughout the cabinet dryer. The quality of the drying products was accepted by the users. With the uniform temperature within the solar dryer cabinet will help to control the quality of the drying products The comparison results between the percentage of weight loss for open sun drying and solar cabinet drying showed that under the same environment of drying, using solar cabinet dryer get the weight loss higher than using open sun dryer. The designed solar cabinet dryer is suitable for the drying products that require the optimum temperature in the range of 47-50 degree Celsius.

A high di/dt MOS-controlled thyristor with cathode-short structure (CS-MCT) is developed for pulse power applications. Compared with conventional MCT (con-MCT), the cathode short in the proposed CS-MCT greatly improves the dV/dt robustness. To achieve simultaneously high di/dt capability, special design of device characteristics parameter and consideration of 2-D transient carrier transport are carried out for the first time. Experimental results show that the proposed CS-MCT exhibits di/dt over 357 kA/cm $^{{\textsf {2}}}$ / $\mu \text{s}$ and peak current of 27.1 kA/cm $^{{\textsf {2}}}$ . Meanwhile, the improved practical dV/dt characteristics are validated in comparison with con-MCT at the same condition. The high di/dt property and simultaneously high dV/dt robustness indicate the proposed CS-MCT is a promising semiconductor pulse switch for pulse power applications.

Main aim of this article is description of weld line influence on mechanical properties of plastic parts. Special design of mold was created for this research. This mold is able to create specimens with and without weld lines. These specimens undergone tensile test according standard ASTM D638 with different results. Strength and strain results were compared for both types of specimens. Nylon PA6 without any internal reinforcement was used as reference material during testing. Both specimens were investigated also by microscope in order to see composition of weld line and plastic material. Microstructure showed geometry of weld line and also fracture surfaces indicated presence of plastic deformation

This study continues the research taken by the teacher Cassinello, Doctoral Thesis "Seismic rationality in Gothic architecture: structural and building types" (Cassinello, 2005), where she checks the special constructive facing earthquakes configuration of Spanish cathedrals, subdividing them in structures Types A or B. Types B have large spandrels on the arches, flat terraces, hidden buttresses and horizontal facades with very vertical windows. The target is to show how these facades of cathedrals and fortifications in the Spanish Mediterranean have special facing earthquake´s configuration being the essential key for the building stability. In order to do it we select and analyse various samples. The Method of the equivalents and horizontals forces and the Analysis of confined masonry defines the design´s principles founds in these facades. Analytical methods relating horizontal areas of façades and areas of buildings, or vertical and horizontal spaces between windows and graphic methods with parabolic arcs or compressed prisms saving the vertical windows provide us comparative results. His analysis allows us how to classify the ability of each façade facing earthquake forces and drawing conclusions that demonstrate this special design.

The planning of Industrial areas in new cities in Egypt has their special design standards stemming from the needs of the society, its economy and climate characteristics. However, it can effectively take advantage of the experiences of the developed countries in this field; either condition was similar or different to get to the environmental sustainability of these cities. As the Arab Republic of Egypt suffers from blurred vision in industrial zones and new urban planning, so paper deals with the study of industrial zones in the new Egyptian cities and their environmental problems and developing proposals for achieving the environmental sustainability In order to achieve the aim of the research was presented a different method of environmental assessment, such as matrix foundations and environmental standards and the African city index and index Dimension, to evaluate the industrial zones in the cities. And then try to access a methodology in the context of the most important determinants influencing the performance of the region as a whole and of energy, water, and transport emissions, air, waste and resources.. The research has come to the positives and negatives for the new cities, of the Arab Republic Egypt and put the necessary recommendations to take advantage of the positives and avoid the negatives. Keywords: Environmental Assessment - Sustainable Development - Industrial Zones - New Cities - Egypt

Breath-O™ Correct Ortho-K lenses are newly designed ortho-K lenses which are made from a silicon and fluoride containing methacrylate compound. This compound is said to be more flexible, durable and less likely to break compared to traditional Ortho-K lenses. The special design of this Ortho-K lens can reshape the corneal profile to induce temporary myopic reduction while producing beneficial peripheral hyperopic defocus for myopia control. To evaluate the safety and ocular surface responses of overnight Ortho-K wear over 1 and 3 months using this new type of material, we evaluated the clinical parameters (corneal integrity, corneal biomechanics, corneal endothelial health, non-invasive keratographical break-up time) and profiled the change of global tear proteome on healthy young subjects using next generation proteomics (SWATH-MS). The acquired mass spectrometric data were processed and analyzed using a cloud based Oneomics™ bioinformatic platform. All raw data generated from Information-dependent acquisition (IDA) and SWATH acquisitions were accepted and published in the Peptide Atlas public repository for general release (http://www.peptideatlas.org/PASS/PASS01367). Keywords: Tears, Orthokeratology, SWATH, Myopia

Construction in waterlogged areas requires special design solutions and expensive site preparation works. Operating experience shows that the efficiency of drainage systems in peat soil decreases over time. This article describes factors to be taken into account when designing drainage systems in peat soil. It also summarizes the results of the laboratory surveys for peat and filling material permeability reduction over time. We used a laboratory box to study water permeability over time. In the experiment, we used poorly decomposed peat of natural structure and compacted peat. The study found that the water inflow into the drainage system decreased 1.5 to 1.7 times in the course of filtration. The greatest peat permeability reduction was recorded at the initial stage. The article demonstrates how the grain-size composition of sand used as backfilling affects its water permeability. In order to ensure normal operation of drainage systems in peat soil, one must consider the reduction of peat water permeability over time and clogging of sand filling when designing the said systems.