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Introduction: The effect of COVID-19-related changes (such as disturbance of face-to-face human association, breakdown of propensities, vulnerability almost long-term, money related frailty, and depression) on people's mental well-being. The enormous utilize of the Web can be a double-edged sword: on the one hand, get to to innovation has cultivated people's well-being and has encouraged the get to to social back; on the other hand, it may have turned into tricky utilize, particularly with respect to compulsive utilize and cognitive distraction. Methods: A sample of 311 was calculated by using the Raosoft software. Descriptive analysis, univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were carried out. Binary logistic regression and multiple logistic regression were used for analysis to access the associated factors with internet addiction. Results: The majority of respondents 323(61.5%) belonged to the normal level of internet addiction, which was followed by Moderate level of internet addiction by 113(21.5%) respondents. 8(1.5%) respondents were severely addicted to internet. Conclusion: During COVID 19 pandemic, the prevalence of psychological problems such as Internet Addiction increased especially among young adults. Therefore, national policy should be refined to reduce the stressful lifestyle in order to reduce the impact of internet addiction especially for young adults in India.

Introduction: Globally, the needs for more focused research to understand the effects of COVID-19 vaccines among the population to verify the previous research and generate more reliable data. Therefore, this cross-sectional study was aimed to identify the factors associated with the effects of COVID-19 vaccination among adults in Malaysia. Methods: Malaysian people aged 18 and up were enrolled in a cross-sectional online survey. For data collection, a Google form was used to design an online questionnaire which was distributed through social media and in person by the author. Results: A total of 446 responses were analyzed. 58% participants received Pfizer BioNTech Covid 19 vaccine followed by Sinovac (21%) and AstraZeneca (16%). The most reported effect was local reaction pain, swelling and redness at the site of injection with 54.3% of participants. It was seen more in Pfizer BioNTech (56.8%) and AstraZeneca (57.1%) recipients in comparison to Sinovac recipients (42.9%), but this difference was not significant (x2=3.453; p-value=0.315). Tiredness/fatigue was the next most reported effect 51.3% by participants. The other more frequently reported effects were body pain (43.3%), muscle pain (41%), fever (41%) and headache (33%) respectively, which are significantly associated with the type of vaccine.

Medical field is continuously evolving, and the current practice is focused on the evidence-based medicine. Therefore, there is a growing interest in the undergraduate research training. Systematic, structured training on research methodology, conducting health research projects, and critical appraisal will equip undergraduate medical students to develop the research and appraisal skills to apply them in their future career. Learning theories explains about how the students receive, process, and retain knowledge, influence of the teacher and learning environment, influence of teaching plan, and peers in their learning process. Behaviorism, Cognitivism, Constructivism, and Social cognitive theories are intercalated in health research training especially in the undergraduate programme. The medical educators should accentuate the learning theory underpinning the research training to develop effective strategies and to achieve the intended learning outcomes.

A 58 year old man was brought to hospital in state of deep coma following severe headache for one day. His GCS was 3/15 and had flaccid all 4 limbs with equivocal planter response on both sides on arrival. NECT head showed acute subdural haemorrhage with surrounding cerebral oedema, mid-line shift and corning of brain stem. After giving mannitol and dexamethasone, four hours later, he became fully conscious and orientated; his motor power returned to normal. He was on warfarin 3mg daily for rheumatic mitral valvular heart disease with atrial fibrillation and his INR on arrival was 3.5. He had intractable hiccups once he regained consciousness. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures were tried for distressing hiccups; there was no therapeutic success. His hiccups disappeared completely only after removing the haematoma by burr hole surgery.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) includes a group of inherited haemoglobinopathies affecting multiple organs including the eyes. Some people with SCD develop ocular manifestations. Vision-threatening complications are mainly due to proliferative sickle retinopathy, which is characterised by proliferation of new blood vessels. Laser photocoagulation is widely applicable in proliferative retinopathies. It is important to evaluate the efficacy and safety of laser photocoagulation in the treatment of proliferative sickle retinopathy (PSR) to prevent sight-threatening complications.To evaluate the effectiveness of various techniques of laser photocoagulation therapy in SCD-related proliferative retinopathy.We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group's Haemoglobinopathies Trials Register, compiled from electronic database searches and handsearching of journals and conference abstract books. Date of last search: 4 July 2022. We also searched the following resources (26 June 2022): Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Literature Database (LILACS); WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platforms (ICTRP); and ClinicalTrials.gov.Randomised controlled trials comparing laser photocoagulation to no treatment in children and adults with SCD.Two review authors independently assessed eligibility and risk of bias of the included trials; we extracted and analysed data, contacting trial authors for additional information. We assessed the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE criteria.We included three trials (414 eyes of 339 children and adults) comparing the efficacy and safety of laser photocoagulation to no therapy in people with PSR. There were 160 males and 179 females ranging in age from 13 to 67 years. The trials used different laser photocoagulation techniques; one single-centre trial employed sectoral scatter laser photocoagulation using an argon laser; a two-centre trial employed feeder vessel coagulation using argon laser in one centre and xenon arc in the second centre; while a third trial employed focal scatter laser photocoagulation using argon laser. The mean follow-up periods were 21 to 32 months in one trial, 42 to 47 months in a second, and 48 months in the third. Two trials had a high risk of allocation bias due to the randomisation method for participants with bilateral disease; the third trial had an unclear risk of selection bias. One trial was at risk of reporting bias. Given the unit of analysis is the eye rather than the individual, we chose to report the data narratively. Using sectoral scatter laser photocoagulation, one trial (174 eyes) reported no difference between groups for complete regression of PSR: 30.2% in the laser group and 22.4% in the control group. The same trial also reported no difference between groups in the development of new PSR: 34.3% of lasered eyes and 41.3% of control eyes (very low-certainty evidence). The two-centre trial using feeder vessel coagulation, only presented data at follow-up for one centre (mean period of nine years) and reported the development of new sea fan in 48.0% in the treated and 45.0% in the control group; no statistical significance (P = 0.64). A third trial reported regression in 55% of the laser group versus 28.6% of controls and progression of PSR in 10.5% of treated versus 25.7% of control eyes. We graded the evidence for these two primary outcomes as very low-certainty evidence. The sectoral scatter laser photocoagulation trial reported visual loss in 3.0% of treated eyes (mean follow-up 47 months) versus 12.0% of controlled eyes (mean follow-up 42 months) (P = 0.019). The feeder vessel coagulation trial reported visual loss in 1.14% of the laser group and 7.5% of the control group (mean follow-up 26 months at one site and 32 months in another) (P = 0.07). The focal scatter laser photocoagulation trial (mean follow-up of four years) reported that 72/73 eyes had the same visual acuity, while visual loss was seen in only one eye from the control group. We graded the certainty of the evidence as very low. The sectoral scatter laser trial detected vitreous haemorrhage in 12.0% of the laser group and 25.3% of control with a mean follow-up of 42 (control) to 47 months (treated) (P ≤ 0.5). The two-centre feeder vessel coagulation trial observed vitreous haemorrhage in 3.4% treated eyes (mean follow-up 26 months) versus 27.5% control eyes (mean follow-up 32 months); one centre (mean follow-up nine years) reported vitreous haemorrhage in 1/25 eyes (4.0%) in the treatment group and 9/20 eyes (45.0%) in the control group (P = 0.002). The scatter laser photocoagulation trial reported that vitreous haemorrhage was not seen in the treated group compared to 6/35 (17.1%) eyes in the control group and appeared only in the grades B and (PSR) stage III) (P0.05). We graded evidence for this outcome as low-certainty. Regarding adverse effects, only one occurrence of retinal tear was reported. All three trials reported on retinal detachment, with no significance across the treatment and control groups (low-certainty evidence). One trial reported on choroidal neovascularization, with treatment with xenon arc found to be associated with a significantly higher risk, but visual loss related to this complication is uncommon with long-term follow-up of three years or more. The included trials did not report on other adverse effects or quality of life.Our conclusions are based on the data from three trials (two of which were conducted over 30 years ago). Given the limited evidence available, which we assessed to be of low- or very low-certainty, we are uncertain whether laser therapy for sickle cell retinopathy improves the outcomes measured in this review. This treatment does not appear to have an effect on clinical outcomes such as regression of PSR and development of new incidences. No evidence is available assessing efficacy in relation to patient-important outcomes (such as quality of life or the loss of a driving licence). Further research is needed to examine the safety of laser treatment compared to other interventions such as intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) . Patient-important outcomes as well as cost-effectiveness should be addressed.

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China at the end of 2019, became a major threat to health around the world. Breakthrough infection following COVID-19 vaccine has clinical and public health significance. The highest groups at risk of infection during the COVID-19 pandemic is health care workers; the physicians are the frontline workers. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of breakthrough COVID-19 infection and their clinical presentation, co-morbidities and outcome among physicians who were fully vaccinated, working in COVID-19 treatment centers in Myanmar. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among physicians, at least 14 days after receiving second dose, working at COVID-19 treatment centers in Myanmar, during the third wave from end of May to August 2021. Data were collected by using standardized forms and analysis was done. Results: Among 410 physicians, 98.2% (221/225) received two dose of vaccination: Covaxin 90.0%, Covishield 9.5% and Sputink V 0.5%. They received first dose of vaccine in January/February 2021 and second dose in March/April 2021. In Myanmar, third wave started in end of May; the largest pandemic surge had reached its peak in July, 2021. In the third wave, most of them 72.9% (161/221) did not experience no infection. The prevalence of fully vaccinated break through infection was 27.1% (60/221); the majority 78.3% (47/60) were mild symptomatic infection. Severe infection was seen in 10% of physicians with breakthrough infection who required hospital admission and oxygen therapy. The common presenting symptoms in order of frequency were body aches and pain 62.6%, sneezing 56.6%, headache 53.5%, cough 52.5%, sore throat 45.5%, anosmia 33.3%, runny nose 23.2% and loose motion 27.3%. The uncommon symptoms were dyspnoea 9.1%, vertigo 6.1%, skin rash 5.1%, vomiting 5.1%, petechiae 3.0%, tinnitus 3.0% and silent hypoxia 3.0%, and non-per-os 1%. Most of them did not have any significant comorbidities. One out of six physicians having severe infection had diabetes mellitus and two were obese. The mean duration of hospital stay was 7 days. None of the cases was fatal. Conclusions: In this study, over 98% of physicians were fully vaccinated; majority with Covaxin. One in four physicians had breakthrough infection in third wave; mainly mild form. Nearly half of them had possible delta symptoms; aches and pain, sneezing, runny nose, headache, cough, and sore throat. Awareness of rare but important symptoms like Non-per-Os and vertigo should be highlighted both to public and health care personnel. Ten percent of physicians with breakthrough infection were severe. Mortality rate was zero.

Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a medical emergency associated with high mortality and morbidity. Definitive diagnosis is established by history, clinical examination, neuroimaging studies, supportive electroencephalogram (EEG) findings, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. A 7-year-old Malay girl with known case of right hemiplegia secondary to herpes encephalitis presented to the neuropediatric ward, in General Hospital with refractory seizure. She had a moderate learning disability and diagnosed as right hemiparesis secondary to herpes encephalitis complicated with epilepsy. She was planned for the positron emission tomography (PET) scan and to undergo operation if PET scan was feasible (Hemispherectomy). However, the patient refused for operation. Prompt clinical recognition is important in the HSE to prevent progressive brain tissue damage, haemorrhagic changes, and worsening of the encephalitis. Diagnosis is usually confirmed through an extensive evaluation, including a thorough clinical examination with attention to findings on mental status changes, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, electroencephalogram (EEG) testing and findings on neuroimaging. Once HSE is suspected, high-dose acyclovir should be started immediately before lumbar puncture (LP), and only stopped once a definitive alternate diagnosis has been established. This case is reported because the patient has generalized epilepsy with right hemiparesis secondary to herpes encephalitis. Herpes encephalitis with right hemiparesis cases are quite rare.

Yangon is highly dense populated city in Myanmar. Today Yangon area has undergone very rapid development and expansion because of its socio-economic cum political significance. Therefore it is required to expand the new satellite town. Therefore, geotechnical site characteristics and zonation of Yangon area is carry out. In Yangon, three geological rock units such as alluvial deposits, Irrawaddy Formation and Pegu Group can be found. For this research, geotechnical characteristics and foundation condition of Pegu Group is investigated. Based on the sample collected and the laboratory results, foundation condition of Pegu Group are studied. The purpose of the research is to point out the engineering characteristics and foundation properties of Pegu Group in the Yangon Area. The Pegu Group consists of three lithostratigraphic units recognizable from surface geologic characters and subsurface data. They are Besapet Alternation, Thardugan Sandstone and Hlawga Shale from youngest to old. Besapet Alternation consists of shales and thinly laminated sandstone which are exposed in the vicinity of Besapet Lake and also exposed behind the police training school. Besapet Alternation is characterized by blunish grey to greenish grey, bedded to nonbedded, silty shale with very thin parting of micaceous sandstones. Thardugan Sandstone consists of blunish grey to brownish grey, fine to medium grained micaceous and argillaceous sandstone with ferruginous bands. They are exposed around the Thardukan Pagoda, southwestern and south of Hlawga Lake.It exposes as massive body sandstone around Thadukan Pagoda and thin bedded sandstone at police training school. Hlawga Shale consists of shale and laminated clay. They occur at the low land area at the west of Hlawga Lake beside the Thardugan Sandstone. According USCS classification, CL, ML, MH, SC, SM and SW soil types are found as residual soil in Pegu Group. The ultimate bearing capacity of residual soil of Pegu Group is 15 kPa to 600 kPa. The unconfined compressive strength of Thardugan Sandstone varies from 8 MPa to 61 MPa.

Introduction: The main cause of overweight and obesity is the imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Obesity is the abnormal accumulation of ≥20% of body fat, over the individual's ideal body weight. Obesity is diagnosed by measuring the weight in relation to the height of an individual, thereby determining or calculating the body mass index (BMI). Methodology: This study is a cross-sectional study with the secondary data analysis of the health records of the patients who had attended the medical camps conducted in Melaka, Malaysia. All of the attendee’s body weight and height were measured. The blood pressure measurement was done according to the Clinical Practice Guidelines, Ministry of Health, Malaysia. Hypertension is defined as if the participant has systolic blood pressure (SBP) of > 140 mmHg and/ or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 90 mmHg or more. Some peoples were taking treatment of Hypertension. Results: The mean SBP among females was 11.64 units and mean DBP was 5.29 units lower compared to male participants. With an increase in age, SBP is expected to increase by .29 units, provided other variables remain unchanged. Regarding to BMI, every unit increase in BMI, SBP increased by 1.99 units and DBP increased by .86 units provided other variables remain unchanged. Conclusion: This study found that BMI is associated with SBP and DBP, which suggested that interventions for bodyweight management might be beneficial for the management of hypertension.

The process of grouping a set of physical objects into classes of similar objects is called clustering. Clustering is a process of grouping the data into classes or cluster so that objects within a cluster have high similarity in comparison to one another, but are very dissimilar to objects in other clusters. Dissimilarities are assessed based on the attribute values describing the objects. This system studies how to compute dissimilarities between objects represented by interval scaled variables. This system is intended to implement the dissimilarity matrix for interval-scaled variables using Euclidean, Manhattan, and Minkowski distance methods. This stores a collection of proximities that are available for all pairs of n objects.

This Student registration at University involved students being registered in Student Affairs Department and make a deposit in Finance Department within the University, where they would present a form which had previously been filled in by the student. Students often wait for minutes, hours, half day or days to receive registration service for which they were waiting. Delays in the registration may result in difficulties of scheduling at speciality units and decrease in student satisfaction. This system examines the wide-spread problem of extended waiting times for registration. This system implements as student flow scheduling system and can help staff of student affairs department to reduce student congestion in department. This system uses Queuing analysis and Computer Simulation in Operation Research (OR) field. OR is a scientific approach to analyse problem and reduce waiting time. Simulation is the use of a system model that has the mapped characteristics of existence in order to produce the essence of actual operation. This system presents stand-alone application to help student registration using queuing analysis and computer simulation whose are finding appropriate waiting time for student affairs department.

Nonunion of intertrochanteric fracture is uncommon because there are excellent blood supply and good cancellous bone in the intertrochanteric region of the femur. A diagnosis of primary intertrochanteric nonunion is made when at least 15 weeks after the fracture there is radiological evidence of a fracture line, with either no callus (atrophic) or with callus that does not bridge the fracture site (hypertrophic). The patient was subsequently treated successfully with an open reduction procedure. Open reduction and internal fixation with right DHS (Dynamic Hip Screw) with 8 screw holes plate inserted first and then 6 screws inserted under the guidance of Image Intensifier (C Arm). We would like to report a case of right intertrochanteric fracture with non-union. A 60 years old patient presented with the history of pain in the right hip, off and on for many years after the operation. The pain was associated with stiffness of the right hip joint. This case is selected for reporting because it’s a relatively rare incidence.

Introduction: Obesity, high body fat percentage and hypertension could increase the mortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular diseases. These risk factors develop during childhood and adolescent period. The present study aimed at determining the association between body fat composition and BP level among the Chinese community in Melaka, Malaysia. Methodology: This is a cross-section study with the secondary data analysis of the health records of the patients who had attended the medical camps conducted in Melaka, Malaysia. The body fat and visceral fat were measured by using (Handheld Body Fat Scale Analyzer). The blood pressure measurement was done according to the Clinical Practice Guidelines, Ministry of Health, Malaysia. The participants who had systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 140 mmHg and/ or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 90 mmHg were defined as hypertension. Results: The prevalence of hypertension among male participants was 42.5%, meanwhile, among female was 23.6%. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher among males (37%) compared to females (20.8%). Gender, body fat (%) and was found to be associated with systolic blood pressure. Visceral fat (%) was the only associated factor of diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion: This study found that body and visceral fat compositions are significantly correlated with systolic BP and visceral fat composition is significantly correlated with diastolic BP. High body and visceral fat composition should be used as a measure of increased risk for hypertension among old age peoples.

Background: Medical doctors have to develop in professionalism in addition to become competent in clinical skills. Therefore, educators in Melaka Manipal Medical College have inculcated personal and professional development (PPD) projects into medical curriculums. The projects were in the form of Role Plays/Narratives/Creative writing and Mentored Student Project (MSP). Short terms outcomes of the projects were evaluated, and the research disclosed the positive effect of all PPDs on medical students. However, the long-term effect was yet to be evaluated. The findings of the previous study have not explained why those PPD projects are successful. While twenty fresh medical graduates were asked to reflect on one best learning experience as a qualitative evaluation of the programme, students’ appreciation of MSP disclosed. This study aimed to explore the students’ reflection to identify the reasons for their appreciation of MSP and the long-term effect of it. Study Design: Qualitative research. Methodology: Three reflective writings by fresh graduates were analyzed using the interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach. Students expressed their conscious perceptions about MSP in the form of words in their reflections. The researcher carefully read the reflections and interpret the words and phrases to catch the students’ perception of MSP. Results: The qualitative analysis revealed the reasons for participating in MSP and their appreciation about MSP. The main reason for students’ participation in MSP was to fulfill the requirement of the medical programme although one student mentioned that she was interested in MSP due to the nature of MSP. Four themes were formulated as reasons for their appreciation of MSP: (1) having an opportunity to choose their research topic, (2) the presence of a mentor to guide each student group, (3) opportunity for the poster presentation on results of MSP and (4) satisfaction with the overall outcome of the MSP. Conclusion: This study highlights the long-term impacts of MSP on students which matched with the expected learning outcomes set by Ministry of Education Malaysia. The analysis disclosed not only the outcome but also the process of MSP contribute for its success.

Background: The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has a social and psychological impact among healthcare workers worldwide and appropriate coping strategies are essential to avoid the negative mental health effects. This study aimed to investigate the coping strategies among the healthcare workers from different countries and their attitude towards teamwork during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by using an online, web-based questionnaire, which was distributed to healthcare workers from 32 countries during April and May 2020. The respondents were recruited by the non-random convenience sampling method. Results: A total of 2166 respondents responded to the survey and the majority were working in low- and middle-income countries. Among them, 36% were doctors, 24% were nurses and 40% worked in other healthcare sectors. More than 70% of the respondents answered that “getting family support” and “positive thinking” were coping methods for them during the COVID-19 pandemic. Approximately half of the respondents worshiped according to their belief and conducted prayers (58.4%) and had adequate sleep and food intake (48.2%). The significant associations were observed between attitude score towards interprofessional teamwork and gender (p = 0.009), age (31–45 years) (p

Two-thirds of the Yangon area is covered by alluvial deposits, which are weak in their strength and highly permeable. As Yangon area has undergone very rapid development and expansion, its expansion of new satellite towns is mostly built on the alluvial deposit. Engineering geology study of alluvial deposits in Yangon area is therefore needed to ascertain the nature and properties of alluvial deposits at different locations and at various depths. The distribution of alluvial deposits in Yangon starts from Kyaukmyinthar area to the Letkikkone and along the flood plain of Yangon river and Hlaing river. The alluvial deposits are categorized into valley fill, marine, and flat plain types. The most common deposit types are CL, CH, SM, SC, ML according to the Unified Soil Classification. Standard Penetration Test (SPT) is performed for this research and samples collected from boreholes are tested in the laboratory. Based on the SPT value and the laboratory results, the bearing capacity calculations are made for the foundation condition. Groundwater level is noted on each bore holes for the hydrological characteristics. The ultimate bearing capacity of valley fill deposits are more than 200 kPa in Ahlon Township but the ultimate bearing capacity of most marine alluvium in Hlaingtharyar and N. Okkalarpa Townships are less than 100 kPa.

Background: Hospital environment is a favourable condition for growing of pathogens. Unhygienic practices of food handlers and contaminated food may be the cause of foodborne diseases, resulting in much comorbidity and longer hospital stay of the affected persons. Aims: To study socio-demographic characteristics, working characteristics and food handling practices among food handlers of eating establishments in the government hospitals, Mandalay city, Myanmar. Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: One hundred and eleven eligible food handlers from government hospitals in Mandalay city, Myanmar between May 2018 and August 2018. Methodology: Face to face interviews with all eligible food handlers were carried out with pretested questionnaire. Observational checklist was used for current situation of food handlers. Results: The majority of employees were female and full-time food handlers. No pre-employment and periodic medical examinations of food handlers were done. More than half (54.05%) of total food handlers had unsatisfactory on food handling practices. Food handling practices status was influenced by duration of working in the current jobs (P=.001). Conclusion: There was high status of unhygienic food handling practices of the food handlers working in the eating establishments of the government hospitals, Mandalay city, Myanmar.

BACKGROUND: Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive inherited defect in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene resulting in abnormal regulation of salt and water movement across the membranes. In the liver this leads to focal biliary fibrosis resulting in progressive portal hypertension and end‐stage liver disease in some individuals. This can be asymptomatic, but may lead to splenomegaly and hypersplenism, development of varices and variceal bleeding, and ascites; it has negative impact on overall nutritional status and respiratory function in this population. Prognosis is poor once significant portal hypertension is established. The role and outcome of various interventions for managing advanced liver disease (non‐malignant end stage disease) in people with cystic fibrosis is currently unidentified. This is an updated version of a previously published review. OBJECTIVES: To review and assess the efficacy of currently available treatment options for preventing and managing advanced liver disease in children and adults with cystic fibrosis. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis Trials Register, compiled from electronic database searches and handsearching of journals and conference abstract books. Date of last search: 19 November 2019. We also searched the reference lists of relevant articles and reviews and online trials registries. Date of last search: 01 January 2020. SELECTION CRITERIA: Any published and unpublished randomised controlled trials and quasi‐randomised controlled trials of advanced liver disease in cystic fibrosis with cirrhosis or liver failure, portal hypertension or variceal bleeding (or both). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Authors independently examined titles and abstracts to identify potentially relevant trials, but none were eligible for inclusion in this review. MAIN RESULTS: A comprehensive search of the literature did not identify any published eligible randomised controlled trials. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: In order to develop the best source of evidence, there is a need to undertake randomised controlled trials of interventions for preventing and managing advanced liver disease in adults and children with cystic fibrosis.

We demonstrate a quantum key distribution implementation over deployed dark telecom fibers with polarisation-entangled photons generated at the O-band. One of the photons in the pairs are propagated through 10km of deployed fiber while the others are detected locally. Polarisation drifts experienced by the photons propagating through the fibers are compensated with liquid crystal variable retarders. This ensures continuous and stable QKD operation with an average QBER of 6.4% and a final key rate of 109 bits/s., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures

Strong photoluminescence (PL) of ND1 radiation center with zero-phonon line (ZPL) at 393.5 nm has been excited in irradiated diamonds with a laser working at a wavelength of 355 nm. Emission of the ND1 center consists of ZPL and vibrational replicas related to quasilocal vibrations of an energy 76 meV. PL and absorption spectra of ND1 center exhibit very close mirror symmetry. The energies of the quasilocal vibrations are the same in luminescence and absorption. The interaction with the lattice phonons at the ND1 center is very weak. In luminescence of the irradiated diamonds, ND1 center behaves like one related to simple primary radiation defects in negative charge state. PL of the ND1 center is stimulated by nitrogen donors and suppressed by boron acceptors. It is assumed that the luminescence of the ND1 center is effectively excited only in the spectral range of its intrinsic absorption from 340 to 390 nm.

Nitrogen-doped CVD diamond treated with electron irradiation and subsequent annealing at temperatures from 860 to 1900 °C was studied using fluorescence imaging, optical absorption and photoluminescence. It was found that nitrogen impurity produces many optical centers active throughout the infrared and visible spectral ranges. The most prominent of them active in IR spectral range are the centers related to nitrogen–hydrogen complexes. They produce absorption lines at 2827, 2874, 2906, 2949, 2990, 3031, 3107, 3123 and 3310 cm−1. Two characteristic absorptions at wavenumbers 1293 cm−1 and 1341 cm−1 were tentatively ascribed to a modified form of nitrogen A-aggregates. In the visible and near IR spectral ranges, characteristic nitrogen-related centers have zero-phonon lines (ZPLs) at 457, 462, 489, 498, 722.5, 852.5, 865.5, 868.5, 908, 921.5 and 924.5 nm. Some of them, e.g. 457, 462 and 498 nm centers, are unique of CVD diamond. It has been confirmed that the brightest pink color of electron-irradiated nitrogen-doped CVD diamond is produced by annealing at temperatures about 1000 °C. Annealing at temperatures over 1600 °C destroys the irradiation-induced pink color. It was found that the center 489 nm is a major absorption feature in the visible spectral range of electron-irradiated, nitrogen-doped CVD diamond. Green color of electron-irradiated, nitrogen-doped CVD diamond is caused by combined absorption of GR1 center and 489 nm center. It has been confirmed that NV defects produced in CVD diamond during growth are very temperature stable. They survive heating at temperatures at least 2000 °C. In contrast, NV defects produced by irradiation may anneal out at temperatures as low as 1600 °C. This much lower thermal stability of the radiation-induced NV defects is the result of their interaction with other radiation defects produced in their vicinity. A conclusion has been made that in nitrogen-doped CVD diamonds nitrogen atoms may form clusters. These clusters are probably the origin of the broad band luminescence at wavelengths 360, 390, 535 and 720 nm and a strong broadening of ZPLs of many optical centers.

Existing blockchain based identity systems are analyzed under the context of the university identity management requirements. The private or consortium blockchain is more suitable for identity system which will be used for university. The transparency of public blockchains raises some concerns for privacy and confidentiality. The most important issue is that the volume of the data generated can be very large exceeding the practical storage capabilities of the current blockchain usages. The existing identity systems are not well fixed with the university identity management system really needs, especially they remain needing the relevant issue of effective consent revocation. The append only storage of blockchain can be a barrier for implementing the revocability of consent. Some private blockchain based system has the potential vendor lock in effects. Thus, hybrid identity system is suggested for university identity management. Kyaw Soe Moe | Mya Mya Thwe "Investigation of Blockchain Based Identity System for Privacy Preserving University Identity Management System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28095.pdf

Today, the mobile phones can maintain lots of sensitive information. With the increasing capabilities of such phones, more and more malicious software malware targeting these devices have emerged. However there are many mobile malware detection techniques, they used specified classifiers on selected features to get their best accuracy. Thus, an adaptive malware detection approach is required to effectively detect the concept drift of mobile malware and maintain the accuracy. An adaptive malware detection approach is proposed based on case based reasoning technique in this paper to handle the concept drift issue in mobile malware detection. To demonstrate the design decision of our approach, several experiments are conducted. Large features set with 1,065 features from 10 different categories are used in evaluation. The evaluation includes both accuracy and efficiency of the model. The experimental results prove that our approach achieves acceptable performance and accuracy for the malware detection. Kyaw Soe Moe | Mya Mya Thwe "Adaptive Mobile Malware Detection Model Based on CBR" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28088.pdf