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Bu çalışmada Güneydoğu illerinde yaşayan Türk, Arap ve Kürt sosyal kimlik gruplarının dış grup olarak Suriyelilere yönelik tutumları ve sosyal mesafe algıları arasındaki ilişkinin çok düzeyli bir yaklaşım ile incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri 715 katılımcıdan elde edilmiştir ve verilere ilişkin analizler iki aşamada gerçekleştirilmiştir. İlk aşamada sosyal tutumun öncülleri olan değer sistemleri ve sosyal inanç sistemlerinin dış gruba yönelik olumsuz tutum ve sosyal mesafe ile ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Schwartz Değer Kuramının birey düzeyi değerleri ve genelleşmiş inançlar olarak sosyal aksiyomların dış gruba yönelik olumsuz tutum ve sosyal mesafe algısı ile ilişkisi üç farklı sosyal kimlik grubu için de incelenmiştir. Olumsuz tutum ve sosyal mesafe ile güçlü ilişkiler sergileyen değer boyutlarından öz-aşkınlık ve öz-genişletim, sosyal aksiyomlardan ise sosyal sinizm ikinci aşamadaki ideolojik asimetri sınamalarına dahil edilmiştir. İkinci aşamada dış gruba yönelik tutum ve sosyal mesafe algısı dört farklı açıklama düzeyi (birey içi, bireyler arası, konum ve ideoloji) içeren Sosyal Baskınlık Kuramının ideolojik asimetri hipotezi ile incelenmiştir. İdeolojik asimetri hipotezi için gruplar arası karşılaştırmanın bağlamı grupların toplumsal statüdeki yeridir. Bu doğrultuda Türk, Arap ve Kürt sosyal kimlik gruplarının toplumsal statü algısı değerlendirilmiş ve buna göre Türk kimlik grubunun yüksek statülü; Arap ve Kürt kimlik gruplarının ise düşük statülü olarak algılandığı tespit edilmiştir. İdeolojik asimetri hipotezinin ilk savına göre yüksek statülü grup üyelerinin sosyal baskınlık yönelimi, hiyerarşi artıran meşrulaştırıcı mitler, olumsuz tutum ve sosyal mesafe ortalamaları düşük statülü grubun ortalamasından anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksektir ve bu sav mevcut çalışmada da desteklenmiştir. Daha sonra Türk, Arap ve Kürt sosyal kimlik grupları için sosyal baskınlık yöneliminin meşrulaştırıcı mitler, olumsuz tutum ve sosyal mesafe ile arasındaki ilişkilere yönelik ilişkisel analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir ve bu ilişkilerin grup düzeyinde anlamlı farklılıklar sergileyip sergilemediği karşılaştırılmıştır. İdeolojik asimetri hipotezi ile tutarlı olarak düşük statülü Arap ve Kürt kimlik grupları ile karşılaştırıldığında yüksek statülü Türk kimlik grubunda sosyal baskınlık yöneliminin meşrulaştırıcı mitler, olumsuz tutum ve sosyal mesafe ile arasındaki ilişkinin daha güçlü olduğu ve anlamlı düzeyde farklılaştığı görülmüştür. Araştırmanın bulguları, sosyal baskınlık yöneliminin toplumsal statüsü eşit olmayan gruplar için sosyal tutumu yordayan güçlü bir bireysel farklılık değişkeni olduğunu; sosyal tutum bir dış grup üyesine yönelik olduğunda tutumun Sosyal Baskınlık Kuramı gibi çok düzeyli yaklaşımlar ile anlaşılabileceğini göstermiştir. This study aims to examine the relationship between the attitudes of Turkish, Arab and Kurdish social identity groups living in the Southeastern provinces towards Syrians as an outgroup and their perceptions of social distance using a multilevel approach. The data obtained from 715 participants were analyzed in two stages. In the first stage, the relationship between value systems and social belief systems, which are the antecedents of social attitudes, with negative attitudes towards the outgroup and social distance was examined. The relationship between Schwartz Value Theory's individual level values and social axioms as generalized beliefs and negative attitudes towards the outgroup and perception of social distance was examined for three different social identity groups. Self-transcendence and self-enhancing dimensions of the values and social cynicism of the social axioms, which exhibit strong relationships with negative attitudes and social distance, were included in the ideological asymmetry tests in the second stage. In the second stage, attitudes towards the outgroup and the perception of social distance were examined with the ideological asymmetry hypothesis of the Social Dominance Theory, which includes four different levels of explanation (intra-individual, inter-individual, position, and ideology). For the ideological asymmetry hypothesis, the context of intergroup comparison is the position of groups in social status. Accordingly, the social status perception of Turkish, Arab and Kurdish social identity groups was evaluated and it was determined that the Turkish identity group was perceived as high status, while the Arab and Kurdish identity groups were perceived as low status. According to the first claim of the ideological asymmetry hypothesis, the mean levels of social dominance orientation, hierarchy-enhancing legitimizing myths, negative attitudes and social distance of the high-status group members are significantly higher than the mean levels of the low-status group and this claim was supported in the present study. Relational analyses were then conducted on the relationships between social dominance orientation and legitimizing myths, negative attitudes and social distance for Turkish, Arab and Kurdish social identity groups to investigate whether these relationships yielded any significant inter-group differences. Consistent with the ideological asymmetry hypothesis, the relationship of social dominance orientation with legitimizing myths, negative attitudes and social distance was stronger and significantly differentiated in the high-status Turkish identity group compared to the low-status Arab and Kurdish identity groups. The current findings showed that social dominance orientation is a strong individual difference variable predicting social attitude for groups with unequal social status; when the social attitude is directed towards an outgroup member, the attitude can be understood with multilevel approaches such as Social Dominance Theory.

This article aims to discuss about the topic of discrimination and elaborate it through the form of a creative novel. Three topics are explored: the reasons for discrimination, how discrimination can continue to perpetuate, and how indirect discrimination can also hurt victims. These questions are answered in the narrative story in a novel with the help of the Social Dominance theory and Becker’s theory of Economic Discrimination. Sapphire is a fire-wielding mermaid who is discriminated against because of her power over fire. She finds out that discrimination can exist because the dominant group does not want to lose their privileges, and how discrimination still runs rampant because of the propaganda spread by the king, which is supported using the legalizing myths in Social Dominance theory. Sapphire also witnesses and suffers some indirect forms of discrimination, especially about lack of interaction and wage differences.Keywords: discrimination, indirect discrimination, social dominance, economic discrimination, fantasy, merfolk

We examined perceptions of cross-class heterosexual couples, that is, couples where couple members differ in social class. Informed by social dominance theory, system justification theory, and equity theory, we predicted that (a) cross- (vs. same-) class couples would be perceived more negatively, (b) cross-class couples with the woman (vs. the man) in the higher class position would be evaluated more negatively, and (c) same-class low-low (vs. high-high) couples would be evaluated more negatively. We examined perceptions of cross-income, cross-education, and cross-occupation status relationships. We found support for our predicted patterns, with some exceptions. In general, high-high class couples were preferred. In three of four studies, a higher-class woman paired with a lower-class man was evaluated most negatively of all couples. Recognition of this prejudice may explain challenges faced by certain couples and couple members; as such, implications for clinicians and counselors are discussed. Further, our research generates directions for future research. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/0361684319878459

Significance We test whether White police officers who endorse social hierarchies are more likely than less hierarchy-supportive White police officers to use physical force when interacting with residents. In three United States cities, we found that White police officers with relatively higher social dominance orientation (SDO) were more likely than lower-SDO White officers to use force when interacting with residents. Black police officers, who hold a lower-status racial identity, showed nonsignificant or negative relationships between SDO and use of force. That White officers’ orientation toward enforcing hierarchies predicts their rate of force in three cities suggests the need for closer examination of how hierarchy maintenance relates to police use of force., Three studies translate social dominance theory to policing, testing the relationship between individual officers’ endorsement of social hierarchies and their tendency to use force against residents. This article demonstrates a link between officer psychological factors and force. Because police are empowered to use force to maintain social order, and because White officers hold a dominant racial identity, we hypothesized social dominance orientation (SDO) would relate to force positively for White officers. For Black officers, we hypothesized a weak relationship between SDO and force, if any. To test these predictions, we examined the relationships between SDO and force using negative binomial regression models stratified by officer race. In an eastern city, SDO relates to force incidents positively for White officers and negatively for Black officers. In a southern city, SDO relates to force positively for White officers, and not significantly for Black officers. Stratified by race and rank, a second eastern city shows a marginally significant, positive SDO/force relationship for White patrol officers, and no significant SDO/force relationship for Black patrol officers. Finally, testing our hypotheses on a dataset pooled across these cities revealed a positive SDO/force relationship among White officers, and no significant SDO/force relationship among Black officers. These findings are consistent with our hypotheses and suggest a need to examine the role that maintaining social hierarchies plays in police behaviors. Future research must continue to investigate these relationships, especially with larger samples of non-White officers, and information about officers’ patrol environments.

Traditional conservation scientists approach conservation conflict from a resource-management perspective, in which both wildlife and non-living natural resources are managed to balance the interests of competing human stakeholders. We instead explore conflict between the powerful and less powerful humans and wildlife alike. Applying tenets of social dominance theory to ecological networks, we propose that socio-political power structures that marginalize human populations – denying voice and inclusion – may contribute to similar neglect of wildlife species. Considering nonhuman species as collections of agentic beings seeking to satisfy their own survival interests and that of their respective “social” group, we connect the subjects of social justice and ecological justice through common challenges rooted in the social psychology of power.

Different theoretical approaches throughout history have tried to explain why societies establish ideologies that think intergroup relationships as unequal and hierarchical, and why it is accepted by individuals. Among the perspectives that deepened these philosophies of inequality are: functionalism and Marxism. Both visions are incomplete and focus on top-down models (thinking about the dynamics of society from top to bottom). At the same time different psychological theories, such as the theory of social identity, ideological cultural theory, the theory of system justification and the theory of realistic conflict, began to investigate the psychological factor in adherence to an ideology, turning the focus to bottom-up models. In recent years, the theory of social dominance, incorporates contributions from the aforementioned the aforementioned theories, and postulates that there is a desire of individuals to establish and maintain social hierarchies, through the subordination of certain groups to others. Although this phenomenon has been studied in different countries empirically, there is no evidence of works in Spanish that have carried out a comprehensive theoretical review. That is why the objective of this work will be to carry out a theoretical review on the SDT. Distintos enfoques teóricos a lo largo de la historia han intentado explicar por qué las sociedades establecen ideologías que piensen las relaciones intergrupales como desiguales y jerárquicas, y por qué es aceptado por los individuos. Entre las perspectivas que ahondaron estas filosofías de la desigualdad se encuentran: el funcionalismo y el marxismo. Ambas visiones son incompletas y se centran en modelos top-down (pensando la dinámica de la sociedad de arriba hacia abajo). A la vez distintas teorías psicológicas, como la teoría de la identidad social, la teoría cultural ideológica, la teoría de la justificación del sistema y la teoría del conflicto realista, empezaron a investigar el factor psicológico en la adhesión a una ideología, virando los el foco hacia modelos bottom up. En los últimos años, la teoría de la dominancia social incorpora aportes de las teorías mencionadas y postula que existe un deseo de los individuos por instaurar y mantener jerarquías sociales, por medio de la subordinación de ciertos grupos a otros. Si bien este fenómeno se ha estudiado en distintos países de manera empírica, no se evidencian trabajos en español que hayan realizado una revisión teórica exhaustiva. Es por ello que el objetivo de este trabajo será realizar una revisión teórica sobre la SDT.

Cultural values, beliefs, and stereotypes have significant effects on violence against women across societies but knowledge about gender-based violence beliefs and stereotypes across societies is sparse. Using multiple theoretical perspectives (e.g., feminist theory, varieties of patriarchy, social dominance theory, and ambivalent sexism) and human development and the Gender Inequality Index, this study examined beliefs about relationship violence against women and gender beliefs and stereotypes across the United States, South Africa, and Nigeria. Findings from the cross-sectional survey of a convenience sample of 363 respondents in the three countries suggested that gender-based violence beliefs and stereotypes differed across countries. Specifically, respondents in Nigeria were more likely to endorse physical violence, psychological manipulation and control, sexual violence, sexual submissiveness of women, emotional stereotypes about women, and sexual stereotypes about men than respondents in the United States or South Africa. Respondents in the United States were less likely to endorse emotional stereotypes about women and sexual stereotypes about men than respondents in South Africa. Similarly, male respondents were more likely than female respondents to endorse psychological manipulation and control of women. Findings highlight differential effects of patriarchal structures and ideologies on gender-based violence beliefs and stereotypes across societies. Implications of findings for theory, practice, and research are discussed.

This study presents the psychometric proprieties of the Italian version of the Social Dominance Orientation7 (SDO7) Scale, originally developed by Ho et al. (2015). We recruited a convenience sam-ple (N = 497) to answer an online self-report questionnaire, including the SDO7 Scale and other rele-vant convergent and divergent measures. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed that SDO7 presents a satisfactory fit to the data, both as a two-correlated factor structure and as a one-dimensional measure. The two-correlated factor structure is confirmed as composed by two subdimensions as in the original version: the SDO-Dominance (SDO-D) and the SDO-Anti-Egalitarianism (SDO-E). Since the total SDO7 score measures people’s support for asymmetrical group relationships, the SDO-D is concerned with people’s support for dominant-submissive forms of intergroup relationships whereas the SDO-E refers to the desire to support intergroup inequalities. The scale and subscales also present satisfactory indexes of reliability as well as convergent and divergent validity.

Social dominance theory (SDT; Sidanius & Pratto, 1999) hypothesizes that members of subordinate groups who are higher on social dominance orientation (SDO; desire for maintaining status hierarchies) coordinate with dominant ones in maintaining asymmetrical relationships. The present research tests this hypothesis in a higher education setting by examining whether SDO serves as an antecedent to subordinates' compliance with harsh power tactics. A longitudinal study asked students (N = 91) to imagine themselves in a subordinated condition doing specific tasks in which they were supervised by a professor. Respondents' SDO and compliance to harsh tactics were measured at two different times. A cross-lagged path analysis, using Bayesian estimation, supported the hypotheses. Students' SDO measured at time 1 predicted their compliance to harsh power tactics measured at time 2, controlling for their initial levels of compliance to harsh power tactics. There was no evidence for the converse; students' compliance to harsh power tactics at time 1 did not predict SDO measured at time 2 taking into account the initial levels of SDO.

Purpose Understanding the factors that influence entrepreneurs throughout the entrepreneurial process has been a vital topic of entrepreneurial research. Despite societal changes, male entrepreneurs still outnumber females. The purpose of this paper is to develop a greater grasp on the factors that contribute to this phenomenon. Design/methodology/approach Utilizing social dominance theory and social cognition theory, the authors suggest that a female entrepreneur’s social dominance orientation (SDO) and mentorship experiences will influence her social and conventional entrepreneurial intention. Findings The authors’ theorizing suggests SDO can lower entrepreneurial self-efficacy which in turn can lower conventional entrepreneurial intentions but increase social intentions in some women. However, if the entrepreneur has mentoring, the effect could be dissipated. Originality/value This paper is one of the first to examine the impact of SDO on entrepreneurial intentions, and builds on the work of other scholars.

In this study, it was hypothesized that experimentally manipulated levels of power would moderate the association of dispositional social dominance orientation (SDO) with preferences for harsh punishment. In particular, we expected to detect a stronger effect for dispositional SDO in the low-power condition, relying on the notion that low power enhances sensitivity to threats to the status quo, and that high SDO individuals are particularly motivated to enforce hierarchy-enhancing measures as punishment. SDO scores were measured two months prior to the experiment, and then immediately after the experimental session. As expected, preexperimental SDO interacted with the power manipulation. We found stronger preexperimental SDO effects on punishment among low-power participants. We also anticipated and found that individuals high in SDO increased further their postexperimental SDO scores if assigned to a high-power condition. The discussion focuses on the importance of SDO effects among low-status groups and on how situational roles shape dispositional self-descriptions.

In drawing from multiple theoretical frameworks, including stigma theory (Goffman, 1963; Paetzold, Dipboye, & Eslbach, 2008) and social dominance theory (Sidanius & Pratto, 1999), the purpose of this study was to examine the possibility of weight discrimination among coaches of NCAA women’s golf teams. Coaches participated in an experimental study, where they reviewed the resumes of high school golfers and indicated the likelihood of offering the golfer an athletic scholarship. The resumes varied by weight of the golfer and skill level, and coaches’ social dominance orientation was also measured. Fat golfers were less likely to be offered a scholarship than were thinner golfers. Player skill level moderated these effects, as did the coaches’ social dominance orientation. Contributions, limitations, and future directions are discussed.

Utilising a qualitative case study approach, this research study set out to understand discrimination experienced by immigrant students in their interactions with South African students and the prejudice immigrant students expressed against Black South African students. Findings reveal that the discrimination experienced by immigrant students could be clustered into four broad themes, namely categorisations and prototypes; practised stereotypes; academic and social exclusion; and work ethic. Furthermore, statements immigrant students make about South African students seem to fall into two broad categories, namely lack of value for moral integrity and lack of value for education. Educating students to value human dignity and to view each other as cosmopolitan citizens of the world could be a way to ensure social cohesion and harmony of future generations to come.

While we would typically expect poor performers to elicit abusive responses from their supervisors, we theorize that high performers may also be victims of abusive supervision. Specifically, we draw on social dominance theory to hypothesize and demonstrate that subordinate performance can have a positive, indirect effect on abusive supervision through the mediator of perceived threat to hierarchy. And this positive indirect effect prevails when the supervisor’s social dominance orientation is high. We found support for our theoretical model using data collected from supervisor–subordinate dyads.

We see signs of conflict, chaos, confusion, extortion, blockage and street violence in Bangladesh as a regular phenomenon. Often workers are found in the street creating unwanted activities to draw the attention of the Government. The problems of intergroup discrimination are responsible for social inequality. The worker group tries to dominate over the managerial group in most enterprises. In any organisation, psychopathic individual works alone but while expressing criminal activities or destructive activities, they function as a cooperative group. Regardless of the form of creation, or the contents of its fundamental belief system, workers group tend to organise as group-based social hierarchies in which they often dominate another group (managerial group) and enjoy higher social status and power.While scholars of developed nations have a greater interest in Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) study, little is known about least developed and developing nations. This quantitative cross-sectional study joins a serious of Social dominance orientation studies intending to explore the structure of the social dominance orientation scale in Bangladeshi manufacturing industries and if workers group has higher labels of social dominance orientation than managerial groups. The researcher found a significant difference between males and females on social dominance orientation at the workplace. Male showed a higher level of social dominance orientation than their female counterparts. Result also shows that members of disadvantaged groups (workers group) have high-level social dominance orientation. Workers group maintain oppression mainly by force and threat not by enjoying social supremacy but by strength and political orientation.

The study sought to explore inter-religious conflicts in post-independent Zimbabwe and respective resolution measures. This followed a clear dominance of the religious terrain by one religion and the observance of one religious‟ rites in public forums in a secular state. The qualitative study following a historical exploratory design was influenced by Social Dominance Theory. 32 religious participants were sampled purposively from the four main religious fronts; African Traditional Religion (ATR), Pentecostal Christianity, Islam and Hinduism. Data were collected using structured interviews, and analysis of archival material. The paper argues that the peace and co-existence of the different religions is a result of institutional „diplomatic quite policy‟ through settlement planning, education curricula, ridicule and demonization, suppression of activities and deprivation of public space. It found that Christianity suppresses other religions as a way of preventing potential religious conflicts. Keywords: Conflict resolution, Religion, Conflict prevention, Circumstantial coercion

Inspired by the popular Arab protests against oppressive regimes that began in 2010,people around the world protested in sympathy with the Arab peoples. The present research draws on two major theories of intergroup relations to develop an initial integrative model of sympathetic collective action. We incorporate social dominance theory’s (SDT) concept of (rejectionist) legitimizing myths with the solidarity and emotional mediation concept of the social identity model of collective action (SIMCA) to understand motivations for sympathetic collective action among bystanders. Using data from 12 nations (N=1480), we tested three models: (a) SIMCA (i.e. solidarity, anger, and efficacy), (b) a social dominance theory model of collective action (i.e. social dominance orientation and ideologies concerning Arab competence), and (c) an integrated model of sympathetic collective action combining both theories. Results find the greatest support for an integrated model of collective action. Discussion focuses on theoretical pluralism and suggestions for future research., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

This research was supported by a Templeton World Charity Foundation Grant (ID: 0077). H. Carvacho was supported by the Centre for Social Conflict and Cohesion Studies (Grant CONICYT/FONDAP/15130009) and the Interdisciplinary Center for Intercultural and Indigenous Studies (Grant CONICYT/FONDAP/15110006). Social dominance orientation (SDO) is conceived as an individual’s level of support for group-based hierarchy in general that causes support for more specific group hierarchies.According to social dominance theory, group differences in SDO underpin ideological and behavioural group differences related to specific group hierarchies. Using representative 5-year longitudinal panel data from New Zealand (N=3384), we test whether SDO mediates effects of sex and ethnicity on legitimising myths (LMs) relating to gender and ethnic hierarchy over time.The SDO mediation hypothesis is supported in the case of hostile sexism. However, it is unsupported in the case of benevolent sexism and LMs relating to ethnic hierarchy, where there was no cross-lagged effect on SDO. Moreover, being in the dominant ethnic group is associated with more legitimization of ethnic hierarchy but less legitimisation of gender hierarchy, which is inconsistent with the notion of a general orientation underpinning group differences in legitimation. There was mixed evidence for a reverse path whereby specific LMs mediate group differences in SDO across time. We argue for the need to find alternative ways to theorise ideological consensus and difference between groups. Postprint

En el presente trabajo se examina la segregación por género que existe en el profesorado en España durante el periodo 2004-2014. Para ello, en la introducción se justifica la importancia de la igualdad de género en las organizaciones. Posteriormente, en el apartado de literatura académica, se revisan los fundamentos sobre las causas que explican su existencia y se establece como hipótesis de trabajo que la discriminación debería disminuir en los últimos años. A continuación, en el apartado de metodología y métodos se expone y calcula la segregación horizontal del profesorado entre los distintos niveles de educación a través del Índice de Disimilitud, así como la segregación vertical a través del Índice del Techo de Cristal. Los resultados revelan que continúan existiendo discriminaciones por género en el profesorado, si bien a lo largo del tiempo han disminuido tanto las diferencias horizontales como verticales. Además, el análisis muestra que las discriminaciones horizontales se han corregido menos que las dificultades para ascender una vez se decide el campo educativo en el que trabajar, por lo que la concienciación hacia las mujeres-frente a las medidas legislativas- resulta un elemento clave para alcanzar mayor igualdad en el ámbito educativo In this paper we examine gender segregation in the teaching profession in Spain between 2004 and 2014. With this in mind, the introduction justifies the importance of gender equality in organisations. Subsequently, in the section on academic literature, the fundamentals are reviewed concerning the causes that explain its existence, with the working hypothesis that discrimination should diminish over the years. The section on methodology and methods subsequently sets out and calculates horizontal segregation in the teaching profession at various levels of education using the Index of Dissimilarity, and also vertical segregation using the Glass-ceiling index. The results reveal that gender discrimination still exists in the teaching profession, even though both horizontal and vertical differences have decreased over the years. Furthermore, our analysis shows that horizontal discrimination has been corrected less frequently than the difficulties encountered to move up the ladder once the educational field of work has been decided upon. Hence, awareness of women - as opposed to legislative measures - turns out to be a key element for reaching greater equality in the educational sector

Purpose. Using social dominance theory, the primary aim of this study was to examine the attitudes and beliefs that reinforce status hierarchies and facilitate aggressive behavior within and between gangs. The aim was also to determine whether these socio-cognitive processes distinguished gang-involved youth from non-gang offenders in a custodial setting.\ud \ud Methods. Gang-involved youth and non-gang offenders were recruited from a Young Offender Institution (YOI) located in the United Kingdom. Questionnaires assessing psychological (i.e., moral disengagement strategies, anti-authority attitudes, hypermasculinity, and social dominance orientation) and behavioral (i.e., group crime) characteristics were administered individually. We hypothesized that gang-involved youth would be affiliated with groups who engaged in more criminal activity than non-gang offenders, and that they would report higher levels of endorsements than non-gang youth across all of the psychological measures.\ud \ud Results. We found that gang-involved youth were affiliated with groups who engage in more crimes than non-gang offenders. We also found that social dominance orientation was an important factor related to gang involvement along with measures assessing group-based hierarchies such as hypermasculinity, anti-authority attitudes, and the moral disengagement strategies displacement of responsibility, dehumanization, and euphemistic labelling.\ud \ud Conclusions. These findings fit within a social dominance theoretical framework as they highlight key psychological factors that feed into perceived status-driven hierarchies that distinguish gang members from other types of offenders. These factors could be key to developments in treatment provision within custodial settings.

Lesbians and gays are one of the most ostracized and marginalized groups in the U.S. (Rankin, Weber, Blumenfeld, & Frazer, 2010). With a limited number of out, gay leaders to study, minimal research has been conducted on how gays have navigated their way into visible leadership positions (Fassinger, Shullman, & Stevenson, 2010; Snyder, 2006). This qualitative study examined the lived experience of how out, White, gay males have successfully navigated the presidential search process. The study utilizes the framework of social dominance theory, queer theory, and co-cultural theory in exploring the historical and current environment for lesbian and gays within the United States. This national study utilized a qualitative, phenomenological approach. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 participants. Study findings included: (a) most gay men have a nontraditional career pathway to the presidency; (b) while gay men are resilient in overcoming the dominant heteronormative culture impacts, dominant culture beliefs continue to play a significant role in the search process; (c) gay men believe that being out during the search process speaks to their integrity and character; and (d) gay men strategically utilize two communication approaches when communicating with the dominant culture in an effort to assess if the heteronormative environment will be affirming.

This paper extends the social dominance perspective to the Indian context by examining the role of belief in Karma (sanchita) in the justification of the Indian caste system. Using social dominance theory (Sidanius & Pratto, 1999) and the dual process model (Duckitt, 2001) as guiding theoretical frameworks, we tested four related hypotheses within a sample of 385 Indian university students. In particular we expected that social dominance orientation (SDO) and right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) would both make relatively strong and independent contributions to participants’ endorsement of Karma (H1), as well as their support for antiegalitarian social policies and conventions (H2). We also predicted that endorsement of Karma, itself, would be strongly related to support for these policies, net of the influence of SDO, RWA, as well as generalized prejudice (H3). Finally, and consistent with the notion that Karma functions as a legitimizing ideology, we hypothesized that it would at least partially mediate, net of generalized prejudice, the relationships between SDO and RWA, on the one hand, and antiegalitarian and conventional social policies, on the other (H4). Results of latent variable structural equation modeling provided support for all four hypotheses. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.

Sub-Saharan African adolescents account for a disproportionate share of the global HIV infection rates with adolescent females carrying the heavy burden. Vulnerability to negative sexual health outcomes have been attributed to varying life contexts and power differentials influencing adolescent sexual behaviors. Using social dominance theory and the four bases of gendered power, this study examines the relationship between gender based power and adolescent HIV-risk sexual behavior. Data was derived from the 2013‐14 Zambia Demographic Health Survey (ZDHS). We utilize gender stratified multivariate logistic regression to determine whether the four bases of gendered power are predictive of condom use and multiple sexual partnering among sexually active adolescents (N = 1908), ages 15–19. Findings highlight the significant effects of sexual abuse, resource constraints (low levels of education, condom access, poverty) and gender-unequal beliefs and values on the odds of adolescent HIV-risk sexual behavior. We found gender variant effects of these factors on sexual behavior. For males, beliefs in gender-unequal norms acted as a barrier to condom use. Among females, having no education facilitated multiple sexual partnering. Implications for policy and practice are provided.

Social dominance theory was developed to account for why societies producing surplus take and maintain the form of group-based dominance hierarchies, in which at least one socially-constructed group has more power than another, and in which men are more powerful than women and adults more powerful than children. Although the theory has always allowed for societies to differ in their severity of group-based dominance and how it is implemented, it has predicted that alternative forms of societal organization will occur rarely and not last. This paper revisits aspects of the theory that allow for the possibility of societal alternatives and change. We also consider boundary conditions for the theory, and whether its current theoretical apparatus can account for societal change. By expanding the typical three-level dynamic system to describe societies (micro-meso-macro) into four levels (including meta) to consider how societies relate to one another, we identify political tensions that are unstable power structures rather than stable hierarchies. In research on institutions, we identify smaller-scale alternative forms of social organization. We identify logical, empirical, and theoretical shortcomings in social dominance theory’s account of stability and change, consider alternative forms of social organization, and suggest fruitful avenues for theoretical extension.

We contextualise Cotterill, Sidanius, Bhardwaj, and Kumar’s (2014) paper within a broader literature on caste and collective mobilisation. Cotterill and colleagues’ paper represents a fresh and timely attempt to make sense of the persistence of caste from the perspective of Social Dominance Theory. Cotterill and colleagues, however, do not examine caste differences in the endorsement of karma, and take behavioural asymmetry among lower castes for granted. Cotterill and colleagues also adhere to a Varna model of the caste system that arguably is simplistic and benefits the upper castes of Indian society. We caution that emphasising behavioural asymmetry and endorsing the Varna model might further stigmatise lower castes, especially Dalits, and feed into a conformity bias already predominant in caste-related psychological research. We argue that the conceptualisation and operationalisation of Right-Wing Authoritarianism, Social Dominance Orientation and legitimising myths in the Indian context needs to take into account the particular meaning and functions of these constructs in specific intergroup contexts, and for identity positions salient within these contexts. We contend that any examination aimed at better understanding the nature of social hierarchy and oppression within the caste system and Indian society in general remains inconclusive without including a focus on the construction and contestation of social categories and social identities.

Purpose Video gaming, which remains culturally embedded in masculine ideals, is increasingly becoming a leisure activity for female consumers. Guided by social dominance theory, this paper examines how female gamers navigate the masculine-oriented gaming consumption context. Methodology/approach Eight avid female gamers (ages 20–29) participated in-depth interviews, following a phenomenological approach to better understand their lived experiences with video gaming. Data were analyzed using phenomenological procedures. Findings Findings reveal an undercurrent of gender-based consumer vulnerability, driven by stereotypical perceptions of “gamer girls” in the masculine-oriented gaming subculture. Further, the findings highlight the multilayered, multidimensional nature of gaming as a vulnerable consumption environment, at individual, marketplace, and cultural levels. Social implications The culturally embedded gamer girl stereotype provides a foundation upon which characteristics of consumer vulnerability flourish, including a culture of gender-based consumer harassment, systematic disempowerment in the marketplace, and conflicting actions and attitudes toward future cultural change. Originality/value This research suggests female gamers struggle to gain a foothold in gaming due to the socially and culturally constructed masculine dominance of the field. Our research study provides a stepping-stone for future scholars to explore gendered subcultures and begins to address the dynamic interplay of power, gender, technology, and the market.

Prior research has documented the problematic community response to sexual assault: the majority of sexual assaults reported to police are never prosecuted. Social dominance theory suggests that this response is a form of institutional discrimination, intended to maintain existing social structures, and that police personnel likely draw upon shared ideologies to justify their decision‐making in sexual assault case investigations. This study drew upon social dominance theory to examine how police justified their investigatory decisions to identify potential leverage points for change. The study revealed that the likelihood of a case referral to the prosecutor increased with each additional investigative step completed; of the different types of justifications provided by police for a less‐than‐thorough investigative response and stalled case, blaming the victim for the poor police investigation proved to be the most damaging to case progression; and the type of explanation provided by police was impacted by specific case variables. As suggested by social dominance theory, the study demonstrates that police rely on several different mechanisms to justify their response to sexual assault; implementing criminal justice system policies that target and interrupt these mechanisms has the potential to improve this response, regardless of specific case factors.

The articles by Reicher (2004), Jost, Banaji, and Nosek (2004), and Sidanius, Pratto, van Laar, and Levin (2004) discuss the strengths and weaknesses of social identity theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1979), system justification theory (Jost & Banaji, 1994), and social dominance theory (Sidanius, 1993). The latter two theories grew out of a critique of social identity theory, but this critique relates more to deficiencies in social identity research than to deficiencies in the theory itself. More balanced and comprehensive social identity research is required in order to allow a fair assessment of the theory’s limitations. In addition, Reicher (2004) and Huddy (2004) are correct that only social identity theory offers the potential for explaining social change and social stability.