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Nicotine is a major alkaloid in tobacco plants and an addictive component of tobacco products. Some bacteria grow on tobacco plants and have evolved the ability to metabolize nicotine. As part of our microbiology teaching lab, we used minimal media with nicotine as the sole carbon source to isolate nicotine-degrading bacteria from tobacco leaves and commercial tobacco products. Students then identified these bacteria using 16S rRNA sequencing and biochemical assays and assessed their ability to catabolize nicotine using UV spectroscopy. Students were able to isolate and identify 14 distinct genera that can metabolize nicotine. This modification of the commonly used unknown project gave students firsthand experience using selective media, and students got the opportunity to work with largely uncharacterized microbes with a real-world connection to public health, which increased student engagement. Students had the opportunity to think critically about why nicotine-degrading microorganisms associate with tobacco plants, why there are different bacteria that use the same specialized metabolism, and how these organisms are isolated from other bacteria using selective media.

The study aimed to investigate the Effect of Academic Stress on Students' Academic Achievements and Its Implications for Their Future Lives. A correlational research design was employed through stratified random sampling (n[subscript i] = 270, where female = 80 and male =190) to collect pertinent data through a questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed. Firstly, academic stress highly affects students' academic achievement, with females being more stressed (65.20%) than males (59.60%), which leads to a high dropout rate and low graduation rate. Secondly, about 69% were accustomed to drinking alcohol, chewing Khat, absenteeism, and smoking whereas about 31% were regularly engaging in unsafe sex, physical fights, smoking shisha, and poor personal sanitation. Thirdly, there were significant positive relationships among sex, age, academic batch, and student's cumulative grade point average. To conclude, academic stress hinders good academic achievement, increases college dropout rates, low graduation rates, and lack of self-confidence. It leads to drinking alcohol, absenteeism, chewing khat, reduced academic morale of students, and failure in completing assignments on time. Therefore, university authorities should ensure a good academic environment for the students and minimize academic stress through appropriate course load, appropriate lecture hours, proper lecture schedules, and non-congested lecture halls.

This study aimed to identify the problems experienced by middle and high school administrators and to compare the solution methods they applied for these problems. The research was conducted with the participation of 10 school administrators working in the Hopa district of Artvin province. The phenomenology design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research, and a structured interview form was used for data collection. The descriptive analysis method was used for data analysis. According to the findings, the problems encountered by school principals at both levels and the solutions were similar. It was found that peer bullying was against lower grades in both levels, there was a school uniform application in all schools, the success factor was considered sufficient, and both levels had two school administrators. It was concluded that situations such as phone addiction and smoking were more common in high school. Chronic absenteeism was rare at both levels. In addition, most school administrators stated that they did not have a communication problem with teachers. It was suggested that the interview form created could be used before guidance studies and could be applied in different regions.

Adolescent smoking is dangerous. This study examined the self-assessment of risk factors to expose student teachers to smoking, compared the scores of health belief model structures in experimental and control groups, and summarized the poster and slogan campaign to prevent smoking. The experimental and control groups (n=30 each) were selected using eligibility criteria and simple random sampling. Three-part questionnaires were used to collect information that was analyzed based on mean, minimum, maximum, percentage, and paired sample t-test data. The key findings were: 1) student teachers in the experimental and control groups had smoked 1-2 cigarettes in the past (20% and 6.67%, respectively). In addition, for both the groups, cigarettes were readily available at convenience stores in residential areas (63.34% and 83.34%, respectively), their fathers smoked (16.67% and 20%, respectively), and their peers persuaded them to smoke (16.67 % and 23.30 %, respectively); 2) the health belief model demonstrated that both the experimental and control groups at 8 weeks had comparable pre-post findings for susceptibility (p=0.000 and p=0.049, respectively), perceived severity (p=0.000 and p=0.063, respectively), perceived benefits (p=0.000 and p=0.065, respectively), perceived barriers (p=0.000 and p=0.703, respectively), and cure to action (p=0.000 and p=0.070, respectively); and 3) The main study "Online Health Education Program to Prevent Tobacco Use for Student Teachers during COVID-19 Pandemic in Thailand: Design, Challenges, and Outcomes" worked on anti-smoking posters and slogans. The 8-week education program with events could enhance experimental group health beliefs. Thus, student teacher smoking prevention efforts should incorporate posters and slogans.

Risky behaviors (substance abuse, obesity, suicide, bullying, and others), many of which are indeed preventable, are common among high school students. The most important task in detecting, preventing, and intervening in risky behaviors in schools falls to the school guidance service and school psychological counselor. The main objective of this study is to determine the types and prevalence of risky behaviors observed among high school students and to analyze the practices performed by the school guidance service for such behaviors. This study was organized in accordance with the mixed research design for which qualitative and quantitative approaches were used together. In this context, quantitative (N1=566) and qualitative (N2=21) data collection processes were carried out with psychological counselors working in different types of high schools in 12 provinces. While statistical procedures were included for the quantitative data of the research, content analysis techniques were used for the qualitative data. The results showed smoking, peer bullying, cyberbullying, school dropout, obesity, delinquency, abuse, suicidal tendency and attempt, alcohol use, bonsai use, and other substance use as risky behaviors in high schools. The levels and frequency of these behaviors vary across school types. The preventive activities in the schools were generally based on informative seminars, and practical studies were limited. The research results also indicated that studies of risky behaviors were not sufficiently included in Ministry or school guidance framework programs. Furthermore, it was found that parents, teachers, and administrators gave limited support to the studies carried out within the scope of education and intervention for risky behaviors in schools. These results demonstrate that school psychological counselors encountered several personal, institutional, or legal obstacles in their studies on risky behaviors.

The influences of information exposure on youth and young adults' (YYA) support for smoking/vaping regulations have been understudied. This study examines (i) the relationships between routine exposure to (i.e. scanning) anti-smoking/pro-vaping information and YYA support for anti-smoking/vaping regulations and (ii) whether these relationships differ across YYA users and non-users of tobacco products. We analyzed the data from a nationally representative two-wave rolling cross-sectional survey of YYA in the United States, collected from 2014 to 2017 (baseline n = 10 642; follow-up n = 4001). Less than 5% of the participants ever scanned pro-smoking and anti-vaping information. Scanning anti-smoking information had significant positive relationships with support for all anti-smoking policies cross-sectionally, and this pattern was longitudinally significant in two anti-smoking policy contexts. Scanning pro-vaping information had significant negative associations with support for anti-vaping policies cross-sectionally, but not longitudinally. The lagged positive relationships between scanning anti-smoking information and support for anti-smoking regulations were stronger among YYA smokers than among YYA non-smokers, whereas evidence from adult data suggested the opposite pattern. The findings suggest that scanning information can affect YYA support for tobacco regulations. Future efforts are required to investigate mechanisms underlying the influences of scanned information on YYA support for tobacco regulations.

Globally, COVID-19 has been a major societal stressor and disrupted social and physical environments for many. Elucidating mechanisms through which societal disruptions influence smoking behavior has implications for future tobacco control efforts. Qualitative interviews were conducted among 38 adults who smoked combustible cigarettes in 2020 and 2021. The majority were women (75.7%), identified as Black (56.8%), were employed (61.3%), had a smoke-free home (66.7%) and lived in a small metro or rural (79.0%) county, primarily in rural southwest Georgia. Participants reported more time at home, increased isolation and less socializing, changed work and financial situations and altered household and family contexts. The vast majority of participants smoked more at some point during the pandemic with about half of these continuing to smoke more at the time of the interview. More time at home, multiple sources of stress and boredom were the main reasons for increased smoking. Decreases in smoking were attributed to financial strain, smoke-free home rules and nonsmoking family members, concerns about COVID-19 and less socializing with friends who smoke. Future tobacco control efforts during societal stressors such as pandemics should take into account specific psychosocial and environmental influences in attempts to minimize negative changes to smoking patterns.

Today, countries implement policies and programs for childhood obesity. However, the effect of classroom teachers in preventing obesity is in a position to be a role model for students. Therefore, the awareness of the pre-service classroom teachers about nutrition and their nutritional behaviors have an important place on the students. On the other hand, a regular and correct nutrition behavior that the teacher candidates who are trained in the primary school teaching program will receive can gain this behavior to the students they will teach. In addition, there is a balanced and regular eating habit in the physical activity and nutrition section of the Physical Education and Play Lesson Curriculum in primary schools. In this study, it was aimed to examine the dietary habits of primary school teacher candidates. For this purpose, the questionnaire revealing the eating habits was applied to the primary school teacher candidates. In the analysis of the data, percentage and frequency tests were performed with the SPSS program. In the research results; it was discovered that most of the primary school teacher candidates did not receive nutrition education, did not have alcohol and smoking habits, and did not engage in any sports activities. It has been stated that almost all of the primary school teacher candidates have the habit of breakfast, but they skip meals, and the most skipped meal is lunch. They stated that the reason for skipping meals was that they did not have the opportunity. It was seen that the majority of the participants consume less than two liters of water per day and less than five cups of tea/coffee per day. As a result of the study, it was determined that the primary school teacher candidates' nutritional habits and knowledge levels were deficient.

This study aimed to examine the relationship between the caffeine consumption status of students in sports sciences and their happiness levels. The study was quantitative and was conducted with the participation of 228 volunteer students studying in sports sciences from various universities (Artvin Coruh, Trabzon, Bayburt, Igdir, Agri Ibrahim Çeçen, Gazi, Atatürk). The Oxford Happiness Scale (OHS) developed by (Hills & Argyle, 2002) and this questionnaire were used to collect the data. Statistical analysis of the data was performed with independent groups T-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation analysis. As a result of the analysis, while a positive and low-level significant relationship was found between the students' happiness scores and the age variable (p < 0.05); no significant difference was found in the variables of gender, body mass index (BMI), department of education (p > 0.05). When looking at the variable of doing sports, statistically significant differences were found, and it was concluded that the mean score of those who did sports as licensed-national was significantly higher than the mean score of those who did sports as hobbyists and amateurs (p < 0.05). Again, a statistically significant difference was found in happiness scores according to chronic disease states; (p < 0.05) no difference was found according to smoking status (p > 0.05). At the same time, a statistically positive and low-level significant relationship was found between happiness scores and the amount of coffee consumed daily (p < 0.05); No statistically significant relationship was found between happiness and the amount of black tea and chocolate consumed daily (p > 0.05).

Teacher students' tobacco-purchasing behaviors have been a problem among teacher students in Thailand. Life patterns and coping with stress levels have been perceived as the main contributors to these behaviors. Life pattern is based on the concepts of the lifestyles of a person. People tend to share similar lifestyle orientations when they are in similar social groups or have similar interests. This includes teachers students and their learning environment. Additionally, coping with stress is referred to as teacher students' coping skills when they feel pressure in life. Therefore, this research article aimed to study how life patterns and coping with stress influence teacher students' tobacco-purchasing behavior in Bangkok. The research questionnaire was a five-level Likert scale questionnaire. Data was collected through a survey with 900 teacher students from three universities in Bangkok. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Multiple Linear Regression by Enter technique. The data analysis indicated that life pattern positively influences the tobacco-purchasing behavior of teacher students in the Bangkok area with a coefficient of influence at 0.470 with significant at 0.01 level (P-Value <0.001); while coping with stress had a negative influence over the purchasing behavior with a coefficient of influence at -0.104 with statistical significant at 0.01 level (P-Value <0.001). This suggested that when coping with stress increases by 1 unit, the level of tobacco purchasing behavior decreases by 0.104 units. The two variables were able to predict tobacco-purchasing behavior at 20.5 percent.

The aim of this study is to determine whether the level of aggression of the students of Physical Education and Sports School at Istanbul Ayvansaray University differs according to some demographic variables. For this purpose, 180 students from the Physical Education and Sport School participated voluntarily who got trainings from Istanbul Ayvansaray University's Coaching Education Department, Sports Management Department, Recreation and Exercise and Sports Sciences Department. Survey data were obtained from the "personal information form" and the "Aggression Scale" developed by Buss-Perry, adapted to Turkish by Madran (2013). SPSS 21 package program was used to analyze the obtained data. In the analysis of the data, T-Test and One Way analysis of variance analysis were used. The difference between the variables was interpreted on the basis of p < 0.05 significance level. As a result of the study, although there were significant differences between the aggression levels of the students according to age and sex, the differences between the sections they studied and the level of aggression according to the field they were doing were meaningless. Students with alcohol and cigarette addictions were found to have higher levels of aggression. It was found that the mean score of male students was higher than that of female students.

This study developed an online health education program by applying the Health Belief Model with social support to prevent tobacco use by student teachers and evaluated the effectiveness of the program during the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand. This involved mixed method research divided into 2 phases, with phase 1 combining an online focus group discussion (n=8) and a literature review to develop an online health education program to prevent tobacco use, while phase 2 involved evaluating the effectiveness of the program. Phase 2 used a randomized pretest-posttest control group design consisting of an intervention group (n=30) and a control group (n=30) selected by simple random sampling for both groups from student teachers in academic years 1-5 in the Faculty of Education, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand. The result from phase 1 for the proposed program for the intervention group involved 8 weeks of online activities, including exercise, meditation, music, games and lectures by experts in public health, health education, and experiences shared by ex-smokers. Leaflets were provided to all participants in both the intervention and control groups. The results from phase 2 showed significant differences in knowledge (p < 0.000; p < 0.007), attitude (p < 0.000; p < 0.034) and risk behavior to tobacco use (p < 0.004; p < 0.025) for both the intervention and control groups at 8 weeks post-intervention compared to pre-intervention, respectively. The program could support, guidance, and contributions of the many individuals and organizations that have been involved in the online process.

The study aimed to examine pre-service physical education and science education teachers' health-promoting lifestyle profiles, nutrition habits, knowledge of nutrition levels, and their relationships with some demographic variables (gender, department, smoking, physical activity level). The study is a descriptive study conducted in a government university in Türkiye. The samples consisted of fourth-year pre-service physical teachers (N=37) and pre-service science teachers (N=32). Nutrition Habits Assessment Form, Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II instrument (HPLP II), and Nutrition Knowledge Level for Adults Scale, which consisted of two parts, "Basic Nutrition Scale" and "Food Preference Scale," were used as data collection tools. Descriptive statistics and parametric tests analyzed data. Considering differences in the physical activity subscale between different departments, a significantly higher score was recorded among pre-service physical education teachers compared to pre-service science teachers. A significantly higher score was observed in the subscales on interpersonal relations and stress management and Basic Nutrition Scale Score among pre-service science teachers compared to pre-service physical education teachers. A significantly higher score was observed in the subscales on physical activity and interpersonal relations among male compared to female students. The HPLP II scores of the preservice teachers, which exercised three times more than three times a week, were higher than those who exercise once a week and didn't exercise.

The present study was aimed at investigating to what extent self compassion of university students was predicted by their risk taking behavior sub-dimensions. The sample of study included 658 undergraduate students from different faculties of a public university during the 2018-2019 academic year. In order to collect the data in the study, Self Compassion Scale, Risk Behaviors Scale and Personal Information Form are used. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were used in the analysis. The results of the study revealed the highest correlation between self compassion scores and suicidal tendency, which is one of the subdimensions of risk-taking behavior. In addition, it was found that together with the sub-dimensions of risk taking behavior, it explained 38.2% of the variance in self-compassion scores and It was found that the variable that most predicted self-compassion was suicidal tendency. Findings were discussed and interpreted in the light of literature.

Objective: To assess the characteristics of campus populations who were opposed to a vape-free campus policy and examine factors associated with opposition to a vape-free campus policy among those who indicated support for a tobacco-free policy. Participants: Faculty, staff, and students (N=2210) in a Midwestern university participated. Methods: Individuals were invited to a campus-wide online survey about the tobacco-free policy on campus in spring 2018. Pearson's X[subscript 2], t-test, and binary logistic regression were used for analysis. Results: Age, gender, current tobacco use, perceived harmfulness of e-cigarettes, and perceived harmfulness of secondhand smoke were significantly associated with opposition to the vape-free campus policy. Conclusions: Our data highlight the importance of various demographic factors that are associated with opposition to the vape-free policy. The current field needs to use informative approaches to improve knowledge of overall tobacco in health campaigns and public health programs on campus and within community outreach programs.

The effectiveness of e-cigarettes in smoking cessation is under debate. Informing smokers who are motivated to quit smoking about e-cigarettes may help them to make an informed decision about their use for smoking cessation, which, however, may also lead to unintended effects such as less quitting. This experimental study assessed the influence of providing tailored information about e-cigarettes in a web-based tailored smoking cessation intervention on participants' decision-making and smoking behavior. Adult smokers (N = 331) were randomized into a personalized eHealth intervention on (i) smoking cessation (control condition) or (ii) smoking cessation and information about e-cigarettes (intervention condition). Directly postintervention, participants in the intervention condition had more knowledge about e-cigarettes than participants in the control condition. Attitudes toward e-cigarettes were more positive among intervention participants than control participants, but the differences in attitude were less pronounced than the differences in knowledge and not consistent across items. At a 6-month follow-up, no between-condition differences were observed in the use of e-cigarettes as a smoking cessation method, the number of tobacco cigarettes smoked in the past 7 days, or other smoking outcomes.

The University System of Georgia (USG) has a state-wide initiative aimed at increasing the well-being of faculty and staff by incentivizing a decrease in tobacco product usage by employees covered by a USG healthcare plan. This incentive is positive in that aid in stopping tobacco product usage is offered to each member; and negative in that each member who is a tobacco product user is penalized. A healthcare surcharge is added to the monthly health insurance premium paid by each faculty/staff member for themselves and covered dependents over 18 years of age who are tobacco product users. The current policy considers covered employees and their applicable dependents to be users of tobacco products unless they annually opt-out. This paper includes summaries of the incidence of cigarette and tobacco product usage in the U.S., a summary of USG's policies related to the current tobacco initiative, a brief literature review regarding opt-in and opt-out programs, and a discussion of the possible negative impact of the current USG tobacco use policy. Support is provided for the present tobacco surcharge penalty being either eliminated or its implementation changed, and for the current opt-out default being changed to an opt-in program.

The aim of this study is to examine the opinions of social studies teacher candidates about smoking addiction. For the purpose of the study, phenomenological research design, which is one of the designs of qualitative research method, was used. The study group consisted of 20 volunteer teacher candidates (10 male and 10 female) who have been studying at Usak University Faculty of Education in the 2019-2020 academic year and who have been smoking for the last year. Data were collected with a semi-structured interview form. The interview form, which is a data collection tool, was prepared based on the opinions of three experts. 6 open-ended questions were asked to the participants according to expert opinions. The data was analyzed by content analysis.

The purpose of this qualitative research was to describe the opinions of teachers' students toward teachers who smoked in Thailand. The population was teachers' students (N=30) in their 1st--5th academic year of the Faculty of Education who participated based on purposive sampling according to eligibility criteria. The QDA Miner Lite program was used to analyze the qualitative data. The results indicated that the teachers' students understanding of a teacher was a person who conveys knowledge, experience and life skills in various fields for students both inside and outside the classroom and school. They should be a good person with knowledge and qualifications, displaying exemplary maturity in every way and be a role model. Like a family that gives love and keeps training and teaching in the right way. A teacher should be a good adviser and listen to problems. The ideal teacher must love to teach proficiently and be knowledgeable in what is being taught, allowing students to understand various forms of knowledge and be current. Smoking also affects being a teachers' students, in terms of inappropriateness and was not suitable for future teachers as it could affect the image of the organization. It also has harmful effect on health. A method that is likely to help prevent smoking among teachers' students and teachers is to create awareness through training and organizing various projects such as establishing a smoking cessation treatment center and campaigning for ways to replace smoking or to refrain from smoking.

Little research has examined mechanisms driving cannabis use disparities among sexual minority (SM; versus heterosexual) young adults (YAs). Participants were US YA women (N = 1345; 24.8% bisexual, 6.1% lesbian) and men (N = 998: 8.9% bisexual, 13.8% gay). Bivariate analyses examined associations between sexual orientation (heterosexual, gay/lesbian, bisexual) and cannabis use outcomes (past 30-day [current] use, use frequency, cannabis-tobacco dual use, use intentions), perceived risks (harm, addictiveness) and social norms (social acceptability, peer use). Regressions examined sexual orientation, perceived risks and social norms as correlates of cannabis outcomes. Bisexual and lesbian (versus heterosexual) women reported lower cannabis-related perceived risks, greater social norms and higher odds of current use. Bisexual (versus heterosexual) women reported more days of use, higher odds of cannabis-tobacco dual use and greater use intentions. Gay (versus heterosexual) men reported lower perceived addictiveness, greater social norms and higher odds of current use. Lower perceived risks and greater social norms predicted greater use outcomes for women and men. Bisexual women displayed higher odds of several cannabis use outcomes, whereas lesbian women and gay men displayed higher odds of current cannabis use only. Cannabis-related perceptions and social norms may be important targets for public health messaging for SMYAs.

While many countries require prominent pictorial health warning labels (PHWLs) on the outside of cigarette packs to communicate the harms of smoking, there is evidence that cigarette pack inserts that contain efficacy messages may enhance the effectiveness of PHWLs. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has regulatory authority to communicate with smokers through inserts. While current labeling regulations do not require inclusion of inserts, the FDA could implement them in the future. This study assesses US smokers' perceptions of cigarette package inserts at the conclusion of a two-week randomized trial on cigarette labeling where half of participants were exposed to insert messages (two response-efficacy messages and two self-efficacy messages) in their packs. Participants (n = 359) completed a 30- to 60-min interview with both quantitative and qualitative assessments, including measures of recall and perceived message effectiveness (PME) for specific inserts. Correlates of recall and PME were estimated using mixed-effects regression models. Qualitative responses to PME items were analyzed using thematic analysis. Response-efficacy messages had higher PME and recall than self-efficacy messages. People had diverse responses to the inserts, including that they were positive, thought-provoking, and helpful. Reactions to and perceptions of the inserts indicate potential benefits of integrating efficacy messages into labeling policies.

The purpose of this study was to elicit preferences for the 'format' and 'content' of tobacco treatment among college student smokers, using an online discrete choice experiment (DCE) survey. A DCE survey, supplemented with a think-aloud method, was conducted among 54 college students who smoked combustible cigarettes and/or e-cigarettes. Conditional logistic regression models were constructed to determine optimal profiles of treatment. Cutting down nicotine rather than quitting 'cold turkey' (P < 0.001) and two-way communication (P < 0.001) were viewed as the most critical attributes for the intervention 'format'; changing behaviors rather than social groups/peers (P < 0.001) and autonomy (P < 0.001) were viewed as the most critical attributes for the intervention 'content'. Some preferences varied based on smoking subgroups. Combustible cigarette users preferred interventions with a longer time commitment (P < 0.05) and without nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs) (P < 0.001). Think-aloud data supported the DCE findings and further revealed a strong desire for cutting down nicotine and keeping social groups/peers and misconceptions regarding NRTs. Our study findings can guide tobacco treatment tailored to college students. These treatments should be tailored to specific smoker subgroups.

This study compares the impact of pictorial health warning labels (HWLs) and their placements on waterpipe parts (device, tobacco and charcoal packages) on health communication outcomes between waterpipe smokers and nonsmokers in Lebanon. An online randomized crossover experimental study was conducted among young adults (n = 403, August 2021) who observed three conditions of HWLs: pictorial HWLs on the tobacco package, pictorial HWLs on all waterpipe's parts and text-only HWL on the tobacco package in random order. Participants completed post-exposure assessments of health communication outcomes after each image. Using linear mixed models, we examined the differences in the effect of HWL conditions on several outcomes (i.e. warning reactions) between waterpipe smokers and nonsmokers, controlling for confounders (i.e. age, sex). Nonsmokers reported greater attention ([beta] = 0.54 [95% confidence interval: 0.25-0.82]), cognitive elaboration (0.31 [0.05-0.58]) and social interaction (0.41 [0.18-0.65]) for pictorial HWLs on the tobacco packages than text-only compared with smokers. Pictorial HWLs on three parts versus one part elicited higher cognitive reactions and perceived message effectiveness in nonsmokers compared with waterpipe smokers. These findings provide valuable information for policymakers about the potential of implementing HWLs specific to waterpipes to prevent their use among young adults and limit tobacco-related morbidity and mortality in Lebanon.

Waterpipe tobacco smoking is a public health concern that poses many of the same health risks as cigarette smoking, especially among young adults--a subpopulation characterized by the highest prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking. Nevertheless, it remains understudied relative to other forms of tobacco use. We examined sociodemographic, behavioral and cognitive factors associated with young adults' motivation to quit waterpipe smoking using a theory-informed approach. We completed a secondary analysis of baseline data on waterpipe tobacco smoking beliefs and behavior collected from 349 US young adults aged 18-30 years. We analyzed sociodemographics, tobacco use and cessation behaviors and perceptions, and theory-related constructs associated with motivation to quit waterpipe tobacco smoking using linear regression. Overall, participants reported low motivation (mean = 2.68, SD = 1.56, scale range 1-7) and high self-efficacy (mean = 5.12, SD = 1.79) to quit waterpipe tobacco smoking. In multivariable analysis, prior quit attempts ([beta] = 1.10, P < 0.01), greater perceived risks of waterpipe tobacco smoking ([beta] = 0.42, P < 0.01) and increasingly negative attitudes toward waterpipe tobacco smoking ([beta] = 0.29, P < 0.01) were associated with higher motivation to quit. These findings highlight the importance of those factors as potential cessation determinants. These findings can help guide the development and refinement of interventions targeting young adult waterpipe tobacco smoking.

Purpose of this study was to examine the internet addiction levels of university students under various variables. In the study, the level of internet addiction was compared with variables such as gender, physical exercise patterns, accommodation preference, marital status of the family, cigarette and alcohol consumption, grade point average, frequently used social media platform type, daily time spent on internet. A total of 250 university students, 78 females and 172 males, with an average age of 21.52 ± 2.88, participated in the study on a voluntary basis. In the research, the 20-clause "Internet Addiction Scale" developed by Young (1998) was used for data collection tool. Results showed that the internet addiction point average of the students participating in the research was below 49 points which falls into without risk zone. However, internet addiction levels varied according to various variables. Within the scope of the study, it would be possible that daily internet use of 8 hours or more may lead to the average of risky internet addiction score, and that students who have smoking or alcohol addiction may be more prone to internet addiction.