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766 results on '"Smith, S. M."'

1. Anomaly Detection in Offshore Wind Turbine Structures using Hierarchical Bayesian Modelling

Author

Smith, S. M., Hughes, A. J., Dardeno, T. A., Bull, L. A., Dervilis, N., and Worden, K.

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Population-based structural health monitoring (PBSHM), aims to share information between members of a population. An offshore wind (OW) farm could be considered as a population of nominally-identical wind-turbine structures. However, benign variations exist among members, such as geometry, sea-bed conditions and temperature differences. These factors could influence structural properties and therefore the dynamic response, making it more difficult to detect structural problems via traditional SHM techniques. This paper explores the use of a hierarchical Bayesian model to infer expected soil stiffness distributions at both population and local levels, as a basis to perform anomaly detection, in the form of scour, for new and existing turbines. To do this, observations of natural frequency will be generated as though they are from a small population of wind turbines. Differences between individual observations will be introduced by postulating distributions over the soil stiffness and measurement noise, as well as reducing soil depth (to represent scour), in the case of anomaly detection., Comment: Submitted to International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring 2023, Stanford University, California, USA

Published
2024

5. Coherent and Creative Conceptual Combinations.

Author

Thagard, Paul., Ward, T. B., Smith, S. M., and Viad, J.

Subjects
Psychology: Cognitive Psychology, Computer Science: Artificial Intelligence, Philosophy: Philosophy of Science, Cognitive Psychology, Artificial Intelligence, Philosophy of Science
Abstract

Conceptual combinations range from the utterly mundane to the sublimely creative. Mundane combinations include a myriad of adjective-noun and noun-noun juxtapositions that crop up in everyday speaking and writing, such as blue car, cooked carrots, and radio phone. Creative combinations include some of the most important theoretical constructions in science, such as sound wave, bacterial infection, and natural selection. Both mundane and creative conceptual combinations are essential to our attempts to make sense of the world and people's utterances about it. This paper will show how the various aspects of conceptual combination discussed by Hampton (this volume), Shoben and Gagné (this volume) and Wisniewski (this volume) can be unified by seeing them as parts of a general coherence mechanism that people use to make sense of what they see and hear.

Published
1997

8. Global Carbon Budget 2023

Author

Integr. Assessm. Global Environm. Change, Environmental Sciences, Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Bakker, D. C. E., Hauck, J., Landschützer, P., Le Quéré, C., Luijkx, I. T., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R. B., Alin, S. R., Anthoni, P., Barbero, L., Bates, N. R., Becker, M., Bellouin, N., Decharme, B., Bopp, L., Brasika, I. B. M., Cadule, P., Chamberlain, M. A., Chandra, N., Chau, T.-T.-T., Chevallier, F., Chini, L. P., Cronin, M., Dou, X., Enyo, K., Evans, W., Falk, S., Feely, R. A., Feng, L., Ford, D. J., Gasser, T., Ghattas, J., Gkritzalis, T., Grassi, G., Gregor, L., Gruber, N., Gürses, Ö., Harris, I., Hefner, M., Heinke, J., Houghton, R. A., Hurtt, G. C., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Jacobson, A. R., Jain, A., Jarníková, T., Jersild, A., Jiang, F., Jin, Z., Joos, F., Kato, E., Keeling, R. F., Kennedy, D., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Korsbakken, J. I., Körtzinger, A., Lan, X., Lefèvre, N., Li, H., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Ma, L., Marland, G., Mayot, N., McGuire, P. C., McKinley, G. A., Meyer, G., Morgan, E. J., Munro, D. R., Nakaoka, S.-I., Niwa, Y., O'Brien, K. M., Olsen, A., Omar, A. M., Ono, T., Paulsen, M., Pierrot, D., Pocock, K., Poulter, B., Powis, C. M., Rehder, G., Resplandy, L., Robertson, E., Rödenbeck, C., Rosan, T. M., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Smallman, T. L., Smith, S. M., Sospedra-Alfonso, R., Sun, Q., Sutton, A. J., Sweeney, C., Takao, S., Tans, P. P., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., Tsujino, H., Tubiello, F., van der Werf, G. R., van Ooijen, E., Wanninkhof, R., Watanabe, M., Wimart-Rousseau, C., Yang, D., Yang, X., Yuan, W., Yue, X., Zaehle, S., Zeng, J., Zheng, B., Integr. Assessm. Global Environm. Change, Environmental Sciences, Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Bakker, D. C. E., Hauck, J., Landschützer, P., Le Quéré, C., Luijkx, I. T., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R. B., Alin, S. R., Anthoni, P., Barbero, L., Bates, N. R., Becker, M., Bellouin, N., Decharme, B., Bopp, L., Brasika, I. B. M., Cadule, P., Chamberlain, M. A., Chandra, N., Chau, T.-T.-T., Chevallier, F., Chini, L. P., Cronin, M., Dou, X., Enyo, K., Evans, W., Falk, S., Feely, R. A., Feng, L., Ford, D. J., Gasser, T., Ghattas, J., Gkritzalis, T., Grassi, G., Gregor, L., Gruber, N., Gürses, Ö., Harris, I., Hefner, M., Heinke, J., Houghton, R. A., Hurtt, G. C., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Jacobson, A. R., Jain, A., Jarníková, T., Jersild, A., Jiang, F., Jin, Z., Joos, F., Kato, E., Keeling, R. F., Kennedy, D., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Korsbakken, J. I., Körtzinger, A., Lan, X., Lefèvre, N., Li, H., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Ma, L., Marland, G., Mayot, N., McGuire, P. C., McKinley, G. A., Meyer, G., Morgan, E. J., Munro, D. R., Nakaoka, S.-I., Niwa, Y., O'Brien, K. M., Olsen, A., Omar, A. M., Ono, T., Paulsen, M., Pierrot, D., Pocock, K., Poulter, B., Powis, C. M., Rehder, G., Resplandy, L., Robertson, E., Rödenbeck, C., Rosan, T. M., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Smallman, T. L., Smith, S. M., Sospedra-Alfonso, R., Sun, Q., Sutton, A. J., Sweeney, C., Takao, S., Tans, P. P., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., Tsujino, H., Tubiello, F., van der Werf, G. R., van Ooijen, E., Wanninkhof, R., Watanabe, M., Wimart-Rousseau, C., Yang, D., Yang, X., Yuan, W., Yue, X., Zaehle, S., Zeng, J., and Zheng, B.

Published
2023

9. Current preconception care practice in the Netherlands — An evaluation study among birth care professionals

Author

Scheele, J., Smith, S. M., Wahab, R. J., Bais, B., Steegers–Theunissen, R. P.M., Gaillard, R., Harmsen van der Vliet - Torij, H. W., Scheele, J., Smith, S. M., Wahab, R. J., Bais, B., Steegers–Theunissen, R. P.M., Gaillard, R., and Harmsen van der Vliet - Torij, H. W.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the current practice of preconception care in the Netherlands and the perceptions of birth care professionals concerning preconception care. Methods: We have developed a digital questionnaire and conducted a cross-sectional study by distributing the questionnaire among 102 organisations: 90 primary care midwifery practices and obstetric departments of 12 hospitals in the Southwest region of the Netherlands between December 2020 and March 2021. One birth care professional per organization was asked to complete the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to present the results. Findings: Respondents of eighty-three organisations (81.4 %) filled in the questionnaire, of whom 74 respondents were independent primary care midwives and 9 respondents were obstetricians. Preconception care mostly consisted of an individual consultation in which personalized health and lifestyle advice was given. Among the respondents, 44.4 % reported that the organization had a preconception care protocol. The way in which the consultation was carried out, as well as the health and lifestyle related questions asked, differed between respondents. More than 85 % of the respondents inquire about the following possible risk factors for complications: maternal illnesses, obstetric history, folic acid supplement intake, alcohol intake, smoking, substance abuse, hereditary disease, prescription medication, dietary habits, overweight, and birth defects in the family. The respondents acknowledged that preconception care should be offered to all couples who wish to become pregnant, as opposed to offering preconception care only to those with an increased risk of complications. Still, respondents do not receive many questions regarding the preconception period or requests for preconception care consultations. Key conclusion: Birth care professionals acknowledge the need for preconception care

Published
2023

10. An investigation into a dual-detector LCR component meter

Author

Smith, S. M.

Subjects
621.37
Abstract

The work presented here investigates proposals for a new generation LCR component meter which takes advantage of advancing technology through the environment of Virtual-Instrumentation, itself a relatively new concept. The new instrument, based jointly upon time and frequency domain analysis, employs a Phase-Sensitive-Detector and the Discrete-Fourier-Transform as a pair of complimentary detectors to realise a single and multi-frequency testing strategy. The unknown component is excited with either a single sine-wave or broadband signal comprised of a number of harmonically related sinusoids. An object-oriented software design was used to implement a graphical-user-interface for the control of the instrument and results obtained from it.

Published
1995

14. Decoding the IGF1 Signaling Gene Regulatory Network Behind Alveologenesis from A Mouse Model of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Author

Gao, F., Li, C., Smith, S. M., Peinado, N., Kohbodi, G., Tran, E., Loh, E., Li, W., Peter, I., Borok, Z., Minoo, P., Gao, F., Li, C., Smith, S. M., Peinado, N., Kohbodi, G., Tran, E., Loh, E., Li, W., Peter, I., Borok, Z., and Minoo, P.

Abstract

Lung development is precisely controlled by underlying Gene Regulatory Networks (GRN). Disruption of genes in the network can interrupt normal development and cause diseases such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease in preterm infants with morbid and sometimes lethal consequences that is characterized by lung immaturity and reduced alveolarization.Here, we generated a transgenic mouse exhibiting a moderate severity BPD phenotype by blocking IGF1 signaling in secondary crest myofibroblasts (SCMF) at the onset of alveologenesis. Using approaches mirroring the construction of the model GRN in sea urchin’s development, we constructed the IGF1 signaling network underlying alveologenesis using this mouse model that phenocopies BPD. The constructed GRN, consisting of 43 genes, provides a bird’s-eye view of how the genes downstream of IGF1 are regulatorily connected. The GRN also reveals a mechanistic interpretation of how the effects of IGF1 signaling are transduced within SCMF from its specification genes to its effector genes and then from SCMF to its neighboring alveolar epithelial cells with Wnt5a and Fgf10 signaling as the bridge. Consistently, blocking of Wnt5a signaling in mice phenocopies BPD as inferred by the network. A comparative study on human samples suggests that a GRN of similar components and wiring underlies human BPD.Our network view of alveologenesis is transforming our perspective to understand and treat BPD. The new perspective calls for the construction of the full signaling GRN underlying alveologenesis, upon which targeted therapies for this neonatal chronic lung disease can be viably developed.

Published
2022

16. Genetic Control over the Resting Brain

Author

Glahn, D. C., Winkler, A. M., Kochunov, P., Almasy, L., Duggirala, R., Carless, M. A., Curran, J. C., Olvera, R. L., Laird, A. R., Smith, S. M., Beckmann, C. F., Fox, P. T., Blangero, J., and Raichle, Marcus E.

Published
2010
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35. Integrated genomic analyses of ovarian carcinoma

Author

Bell, D., Berchuck, A., Birrer, M., Chien, J., Cramer, D. W., Dao, F., Dhir, R., DiSaia, P., Gabra, H., Glenn, P., Godwin, A. K., Gross, J., Hartmann, L., Huang, M., Huntsman, D. G., Iacocca, M., Imielinski, M., Kalloger, S., Karlan, B. Y., Morrison, C., Mutch, D., Olvera, N., Orsulic, S., Park, K., Petrelli, N., Rabeno, B., Rader, J. S., Sikic, B. I., Smith-McCune, K., Sood, A. K., Bowtell, D., Testa, J. R., Chang, K., Dinh, H. H., Drummond, J. A., Fowler, G., Gunaratne, P., Hawes, A. C., Kovar, C. L., Lewis, L. R., Morgan, M. B., Newsham, I. F., Santibanez, J., Reid, J. G., Trevino, L. R., Wu, Y.-Q., Wang, M., Muzny, D. M., Wheeler, D. A., Gibbs, R. A., Sivachenko, A. Y., Sougnez, C., Wilkinson, J., Bloom, T., Fennell, T., Baldwin, J., Gabriel, S., Lander, E. S., Ding, L., Fulton, R. S., Koboldt, D. C., McLellan, M. D., Wylie, T., Walker, J., O’Laughlin, M., Dooling, D. J., Fulton, L., Abbott, R., Dees, N. D., Zhang, Q., Kandoth, C., Wendl, M., Schierding, W., Shen, D., Harris, C. C., Schmidt, H., Kalicki, J., Delehaunty, K. D., Fronick, C. C., Demeter, R., Cook, L., Wallis, J. W., Lin, L., Magrini, V. J., Hodges, J. S., Eldred, J. M., Smith, S. M., Pohl, C. S., Vandin, F., Raphael, B. J., Weinstock, G. M., Mardis, E. R., Wilson, R. K., Meyerson, M., Winckler, W., Verhaak, R. G. W., Carter, S. L., Mermel, C. H., Nguyen, H., Onofrio, R. C., Hubbard, D., Gupta, S., Crenshaw, A., Ramos, A. H., Protopopov, A., Zhang, Juinhua, Kim, T. M., Perna, I., Xiao, Y., Ren, G., Sathiamoorthy, N., Lee, E., Park, P. J., Kucherlapati, R., Absher, D. M., Waite, L., Sherlock, G., Brooks, J. D., Li, J. Z., Xu, J., Myers, R. M., Laird, P. W., Cope, L., Herman, J. G., Shen, H., Weisenberger, D. J., Noushmehr, H., Pan, F., Triche, T., Jr, Berman, B. P., Van Den Berg, D. J., Buckley, J., Baylin, S. B., Jakkula, L. R., Dorton, S., Marr, H., Choi, Y. G., Wang, V., Wang, N. J., Ngai, J., Conboy, J. G., Feiler, H. S., Socci, N. D., Liang, Y., Lash, A. E., Brennan, C., Viale, A., Meng, S., Shi, Y., Li, L., Turman, Y. J., Zang, D., Helms, E. B., Zhou, X., Wu, J., Topal, M. D., Zhang, Junihua, Wu, C. J., Shukla, S., Sivachenko, A., Jing, R., Liu, Y., Noble, M., Carter, H., Kim, D., Karchin, R., Korkola, J. E., Heiser, L. M., Cho, R. J., Hu, Z., Parvin, B., Cerami, E., Olshen, A., Reva, B., Antipin, Y., Shen, R., Mankoo, P., Sheridan, R., Ciriello, G., Chang, W. K., Bernanke, J. A., Haussler, D., Benz, C. C., Stuart, J. M., Benz, S. C., Sanborn, J. Z., Vaske, C. J., Zhu, J., Szeto, C., Scott, G. K., Yau, C., Wilkerson, M. D., Zhang, N., Akbani, R., Baggerly, K. A., Yung, W. K., Weinstein, J. N., Shelton, T., Grimm, D., Hatfield, M., Morris, S., Yena, P., Rhodes, P., Sherman, M., Paulauskis, J., Millis, S., Kahn, A., Greene, J. M., Sfeir, R., Jensen, M. A., Chen, J., Whitmore, J., Alonso, S., Jordan, J., Chu, A., Zhang, Jinghui, Barker, A., Compton, C., Eley, G., Ferguson, M., Fielding, P., Gerhard, D. S., Myles, R., Schaefer, C., Mills Shaw, K. R., Vaught, J., Vockley, J. B., Good, P. J., Guyer, M. S., Ozenberger, B., Peterson, J., and Thomson, E.

Published
2011
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43. Host-pathogen wars: new weapons from biotechnology and genomics

Author

SILVA, M. B. da, DAVIS, R. F., PATERSON, A. H., SMITH, S. M., SUASSUNA, N. D., CHEE, P. W., Mychele B. da Silva, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Richard F. Davis, Crop Protection and Management Research Unit - USDA-ARS, Andrew H. Paterson, Plant Genome Mapping Lab, University of Georgia, Shavannor M. Smith, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, NELSON DIAS SUASSUNA, CNPA, and Peng W. Chee, Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia.

Subjects
Crop Improvement, Host-Plant Resistance, R-Genes, Genomics
Abstract

Pathogens are imminent threats to crop production. Among the management tools available to protect crops from diseases, the use of host-plant resistance had been hindered by a lack of tools and resources to identify resistance genes (R-genes). Genomic technologies have empowered acquisition of a new level and quality of information on plant-pathogen interactions. Next generation sequencing, differential transcriptome analysis, gene editing, and use of bioinformatics have greatly expanded the numbers of R-genes identified, enriched understanding of R-avirulence gene interactions, and disease diagnosis. In this review, we highlight the application of genomic technologies to identification of pathogen machinery for future improvement of host plant resistance. Made available in DSpace on 2020-01-14T18:12:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Hostpathogenwars.pdf: 352779 bytes, checksum: 5ee70c598b4652f917fe3f8e5f2abaca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Published
2019

44. Session 09 Senescence and abscission

Author

Braidot, E., Vianello, A., Bassi, G., Macri, F., Brouquisse, R., James, F., Raymond, P., Brzezina, M., Piskornik, Z., Piskornik, M., Christmann, A., Frenzel, B., Cikanek, D., Franssen, J. M., Gude, H., Kakneworff, W. A., Gulyaev, B. I., Kiriziy, D. A., Grigortschuk, A. P., Savinsky, S. V., Morgun, V. V., Petrussa, E., Mareczek, A., Maximova, E. B., Bajureanu, N. S., Meir, S., Yihye, E., Reuveni, Y., Philosoph-Hadas, S., Nieri, B., De Bellis, L., Biagi, P., Alpi, A., Osborne, D. J., Pesis, E., Faiman, D., Burdon, J., Pistelli, L., Plich, H., Saniewski, M., Czapski, J., Horbowicz, M., Sharova, E. I., Polevoi, V. V., Salamatova, T. S., Tankeliun, O. V., Smith, S. M., Kim, D. -J., Mclaughlin, J., and Zentgraf, U.

Published
1994
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45. Global distribution of earthworm diversity

Author

Phillips, H. R. P., Guerra, C. A., Bartz, M. L. Z., Briones, M. J. I., Brown, G., Crowther, T. W., Ferlian, O., Gongalsky, K. B., van den Hoogen, J., Krebs, J., Orgiazzi, A., Routh, D., Schwarz, B., Bach, E. M., Bennett, J., Brose, U., Decaëns, Thibaud, König-Ries, B., Loreau, M., Mathieu, J., Mulder, C., van der Putten, W. H., Ramirez, K. S., Rillig, M. C., Russell, D., Rutgers, M., Thakur, M. P., de Vries, F. T., Wall, D. H., Wardle, D. A., Arai, M., Ayuke, F. O., Baker, G. H., Beauséjour, R., Bedano, J. C., Birkhofer, K., Blanchart, E., Blossey, B., Bolger, T., Bradley, R. L., Callaham, M. A., Capowiez, Y., Caulfield, M. E., Choi, A., Crotty, F. V., Dávalos, A., Cosin, D. J. D., Dominguez, A., Duhour, A. E., Van Eekeren, N., Emmerling, C., Falco, L. B., Fernández, R., Fonte, S. J., Fragoso, C., Franco, A. L. C., Fugère, M., Fusilero, A. T., Gholami, S., Gundale, M. J., López, M. G., Hackenberger, D. K., Hernández, L. M., Hishi, T., Holdsworth, A. R., Holmstrup, M., Hopfensperger, K. N., Lwanga, E. H., Huhta, V., Hurisso, T. T., Iannone, B. V., Iordache, M., Joschko, M., Kaneko, N., Kanianska, R., Keith, A. M., Kelly, C. A., Kernecker, M. L., Klaminder, J., Koné, A. W., Kooch, Y., Kukkonen, S. T., Lalthanzara, H., Lammel, D. R., Lebedev, I. M., Li, Y., Lidon, J. B. J., Lincoln, N. K., Loss, S. R., Marichal, R., Matula, R., Moos, J. H., Moreno, G., Morón-Ríos, A., Muys, B., Neirynck, J., Norgrove, L., Novo, M., Nuutinen, V., Nuzzo, V., Rahman, P. M., Pansu, J., Paudel, S., Pérès, G., Pérez-Camacho, L., Piñeiro, R., Ponge, J. F., Rashid, M. I., Rebollo, S., Rodeiro-Iglesias, J., Rodríguez, M. Á., Roth, A. M., Rousseau, G. X., Rozen, A., Sayad, E., van Schaik, L., Scharenbroch, B. C., Schirrmann, M., Schmidt, O., Schröder, B., Seeber, J., Shashkov, M. P., Singh, J., Smith, S. M., Steinwandter, M., Talavera, J. A., Trigo, D., Tsukamoto, J., de Valença, A. W., Vanek, S. J., Virto, I., Wackett, A. A., Warren, M. W., Wehr, N. H., Whalen, J. K., Wironen, M. B., Wolters, V., Zenkova, I. V., Zhang, W., Cameron, E. K., Eisenhauer, N., Phillips, H. R. P., Guerra, C. A., Bartz, M. L. Z., Briones, M. J. I., Brown, G., Crowther, T. W., Ferlian, O., Gongalsky, K. B., van den Hoogen, J., Krebs, J., Orgiazzi, A., Routh, D., Schwarz, B., Bach, E. M., Bennett, J., Brose, U., Decaëns, Thibaud, König-Ries, B., Loreau, M., Mathieu, J., Mulder, C., van der Putten, W. H., Ramirez, K. S., Rillig, M. C., Russell, D., Rutgers, M., Thakur, M. P., de Vries, F. T., Wall, D. H., Wardle, D. A., Arai, M., Ayuke, F. O., Baker, G. H., Beauséjour, R., Bedano, J. C., Birkhofer, K., Blanchart, E., Blossey, B., Bolger, T., Bradley, R. L., Callaham, M. A., Capowiez, Y., Caulfield, M. E., Choi, A., Crotty, F. V., Dávalos, A., Cosin, D. J. D., Dominguez, A., Duhour, A. E., Van Eekeren, N., Emmerling, C., Falco, L. B., Fernández, R., Fonte, S. J., Fragoso, C., Franco, A. L. C., Fugère, M., Fusilero, A. T., Gholami, S., Gundale, M. J., López, M. G., Hackenberger, D. K., Hernández, L. M., Hishi, T., Holdsworth, A. R., Holmstrup, M., Hopfensperger, K. N., Lwanga, E. H., Huhta, V., Hurisso, T. T., Iannone, B. V., Iordache, M., Joschko, M., Kaneko, N., Kanianska, R., Keith, A. M., Kelly, C. A., Kernecker, M. L., Klaminder, J., Koné, A. W., Kooch, Y., Kukkonen, S. T., Lalthanzara, H., Lammel, D. R., Lebedev, I. M., Li, Y., Lidon, J. B. J., Lincoln, N. K., Loss, S. R., Marichal, R., Matula, R., Moos, J. H., Moreno, G., Morón-Ríos, A., Muys, B., Neirynck, J., Norgrove, L., Novo, M., Nuutinen, V., Nuzzo, V., Rahman, P. M., Pansu, J., Paudel, S., Pérès, G., Pérez-Camacho, L., Piñeiro, R., Ponge, J. F., Rashid, M. I., Rebollo, S., Rodeiro-Iglesias, J., Rodríguez, M. Á., Roth, A. M., Rousseau, G. X., Rozen, A., Sayad, E., van Schaik, L., Scharenbroch, B. C., Schirrmann, M., Schmidt, O., Schröder, B., Seeber, J., Shashkov, M. P., Singh, J., Smith, S. M., Steinwandter, M., Talavera, J. A., Trigo, D., Tsukamoto, J., de Valença, A. W., Vanek, S. J., Virto, I., Wackett, A. A., Warren, M. W., Wehr, N. H., Whalen, J. K., Wironen, M. B., Wolters, V., Zenkova, I. V., Zhang, W., Cameron, E. K., and Eisenhauer, N.

Abstract

Soil organisms, including earthworms, are a key component of terrestrial ecosystems. However, little is known about their diversity, their distribution, and the threats affecting them. We compiled a global dataset of sampled earthworm communities from 6928 sites in 57 countries as a basis for predicting patterns in earthworm diversity, abundance, and biomass. We found that local species richness and abundance typically peaked at higher latitudes, displaying patterns opposite to those observed in aboveground organisms. However, high species dissimilarity across tropical locations may cause diversity across the entirety of the tropics to be higher than elsewhere. Climate variables were found to be more important in shaping earthworm communities than soil properties or habitat cover. These findings suggest that climate change may have serious implications for earthworm communities and for the functions they provide., Unión Europea. Horizonte 2020, Unión Europea. FP7, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICCIN), sDiv [Synthesis Centre of the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Academy of Finland, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, DOB Ecology, TULIP Laboratory of Excellence, Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Tarbiat Modares University, Aurora Organic Dairy, UGC (NERO), Slovak Research and Development Agency, Science for Global Development through Wageningen University, Norman Borlaug LEAP Programme and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Royal Canadian Geographical Society, Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland), University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, U.S. Department of the Navy, Commander Pacific Fleet, Science and Engineering Research Board, Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India, Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) of the U.S. Department of Defense, Maranhão State Research Foundation (FAPEMA), Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, Colorado Wheat Research Foundation; Zone Atelier Alpes, French National Research Agency, Austrian Science Fund, Landwirtschaftliche Rentenbank Frankfurt am Main, Welsh Government and the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development, SÉPAQ, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Finland, Science Foundation Ireland, University of Toronto (Faculty of Forestry), Haliburton Forest and Wildlife Reserve, NKU College of Arts and Sciences, Österreichische Forschungsförderungsgesellschaft, Mountain Agriculture Research Unit of the University of Innsbruck, Higher Education Commission of Pakistan, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Kerala, UNEP/GEF/TSBF-CIAT, GRDC, AWI, LWRRDC, DRDC, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), National Agency of Scientific and Technological Promotion (FONCyT), Universidad Nacional de Luján/FONCyT, Fonds de recherche sur la nature et les technologies du Québec, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, CONACYT, NSF, Institute for Environmental Science and Policy at the University of Illinois at Chicago, Dean’s Scholar Program at UIC, Garden Club of America Zone VI Fellowship in Urban Forestry from the Casey Tree Endowment Fund, J. E. Weaver Competitive Grant from the Nebraska Chapter of The Nature Conservancy, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at DePaul University, Elmore Hadley Award for Research in Ecology and Evolution from the UIC Dept. of Biological Sciences, Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología (CICYT), Yokohama National University, MEXT KAKENHI, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI, ADEME, Syngenta Philippines, UPSTREAM, LTSER, Comisión Europea, National Science and Technology Base Resource Survey Project of China, McKnight Foundation, Program of Fundamental Researches of Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences, Brazilian National Council of Research CNPq, French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs, Depto. de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

Published
2019

46. Evidence supporting the best clinical management of patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy : a systematic guideline review and expert consensus

Author

Muth, C., Blom, J. W., Smith, S. M., Johnell, Kristina, Gonzalez-Gonzalez, A. I., Nguyen, T. S., Brueckle, M. -S., Cesari, M., Tinetti, M. E., Valderas, J. M., Muth, C., Blom, J. W., Smith, S. M., Johnell, Kristina, Gonzalez-Gonzalez, A. I., Nguyen, T. S., Brueckle, M. -S., Cesari, M., Tinetti, M. E., and Valderas, J. M.

Abstract

The complexity and heterogeneity of patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy renders traditional disease-oriented guidelines often inadequate and complicates clinical decision making. To address this challenge, guidelines have been developed on multimorbidity or polypharmacy. To systematically analyse their recommendations, we conducted a systematic guideline review using the Ariadne principles for managing multimorbidity as analytical framework. The information synthesis included a multistep consensus process involving 18 multidisciplinary experts from seven countries. We included eight guidelines (four each on multimorbidity and polypharmacy) and extracted about 250 recommendations. The guideline addressed (i) the identification of the target population (risk factors); (ii) the assessment of interacting conditions and treatments: medical history, clinical and psychosocial assessment including physiological status and frailty, reviews of medication and encounters with healthcare providers highlighting informational continuity; (iii) the need to incorporate patient preferences and goal setting: eliciting preferences and expectations, the process of shared decision making in relation to treatment options and the level of involvement of patients and carers; (iv) individualized management: guiding principles on optimization of treatment benefits over possible harms, treatment communication and the information content of medication/care plans; (v) monitoring and follow-up: strategies in care planning, self-management and medication-related aspects, communication with patients including safety instructions and adherence, coordination of care regarding referral and discharge management, medication appropriateness and safety concerns. The spectrum of clinical and self-management issues varied from guiding principles to specific recommendations and tools providing actionable support. The limited availability of reliable risk prediction models, feasible interventions of

Published
2019
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47. Clinician-rated measures for distal symmetrical axonal polyneuropathy: ACTTION systematic review

Author

Gewandter, J, Gibbons, C, Campagnolo, M, Lee, J, Chaudari, J, Ward, N, Burke, L, Cavaletti, G, Herrmann, D, Mcarthur, J, Russell, J, Smith, A, Smith, S, Turk, D, Dworkin, R, Freeman, R, Gewandter J. S., Gibbons C. H., Campagnolo M., Lee J., Chaudari J., Ward N., Burke L., Cavaletti G., Herrmann D. N., McArthur J. C., Russell J. W., Smith A. G., Smith S. M., Turk D. C., Dworkin R. H., Freeman R., Gewandter, J, Gibbons, C, Campagnolo, M, Lee, J, Chaudari, J, Ward, N, Burke, L, Cavaletti, G, Herrmann, D, Mcarthur, J, Russell, J, Smith, A, Smith, S, Turk, D, Dworkin, R, Freeman, R, Gewandter J. S., Gibbons C. H., Campagnolo M., Lee J., Chaudari J., Ward N., Burke L., Cavaletti G., Herrmann D. N., McArthur J. C., Russell J. W., Smith A. G., Smith S. M., Turk D. C., Dworkin R. H., and Freeman R.

Abstract

Distal symmetrical axonal polyneuropathy (DSP) is due to injury to peripheral sensory, motor, and autonomic nerve fibers, resulting in distal predominant sensory loss, pain, and gait instability. DSP occurs as a complication of multiple medical conditions including diabetes or HIV, or following exposure to various toxins such as chemotherapy. It affects at least 10% of the United States population. Few treatments for DSP are approved by regulatory agencies. Reliable and responsive outcome measures are integral to developing new DSP treatments. Multiple clinician-rated measures that incorporate neuropathy signs exist, however, it is not clear which of these measures performs best for various DSP phenotypes. This systematic review summarizes the content of 18 published measures of DSP identified using PubMed and from personal archives of the authors. The relative percentage of scoring dedicated to motor, reflex, large and small fiber sensory, and autonomic domains varied considerably among measures. The most common neurologic examination items included in the scales were (1) vibration perception (n = 18, 100%), (2) reflexes (n = 16, 89%), (3) pinprick perception (n = 14, 78%), (4) muscle strength (n = 11, 61%), (5) touch-pressure perception (n = 9, 50%), and (6) joint position perception (n = 8, 44%). This review can be used to inform decisions regarding which of the available clinician-rated sign outcome measures would be most appropriate for use in a particular DSP population, based on the domains most affected by that neuropathy or on the domains most likely to be affected by a particular experimental therapy.

Published
2019

49. Amino acid supplementation alters bone metabolism during simulated weightlessness

Author

Zwart, S. R, Davis-Street, J. E, Paddon-Jones, D, Ferrando, A. A, Wolfe, R. R, and Smith, S. M

Subjects
Aerospace Medicine
Abstract

High-protein and acidogenic diets induce hypercalciuria. Foods or supplements with excess sulfur-containing amino acids increase endogenous sulfuric acid production and therefore have the potential to increase calcium excretion and alter bone metabolism. In this study, effects of an amino acid/carbohydrate supplement on bone resorption were examined during bed rest. Thirteen subjects were divided at random into two groups: a control group (Con, n = 6) and an amino acid-supplemented group (AA, n = 7) who consumed an extra 49.5 g essential amino acids and 90 g carbohydrate per day for 28 days. Urine was collected for n-telopeptide (NTX), deoxypyridinoline (DPD), calcium, and pH determinations. Bone mineral content was determined and potential renal acid load was calculated. Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase was measured in serum samples collected on day 1 (immediately before bed rest) and on day 28. Potential renal acid load was higher in the AA group than in the Con group during bed rest (P < 0.05). For all subjects, during bed rest urinary NTX and DPD concentrations were greater than pre-bed rest levels (P < 0.05). Urinary NTX and DPD tended to be higher in the AA group (P = 0.073 and P = 0.056, respectively). During bed rest, urinary calcium was greater than baseline levels (P < 0.05) in the AA group but not the Con group. Total bone mineral content was lower after bed rest than before bed rest in the AA group but not the Con group (P < 0.05). During bed rest, urinary pH decreased (P < 0.05), and it was lower in the AA group than the Con group. These data suggest that bone resorption increased, without changes in bone formation, in the AA group.

Published
2005
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