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3. The Effect of a Social Robot on Children's Pain and Anxiety During Blood Draw

Author

CDL Poli WKZ, CDL Cluster Front office & ext. business, De Haas, Mirjam, Smit, Koen, Vanegas, Daniel Fernando Preciado, Van Der Roest, Esther, Smakman, Matthijs, Groenestege, Wouter Tiel, CDL Poli WKZ, CDL Cluster Front office & ext. business, De Haas, Mirjam, Smit, Koen, Vanegas, Daniel Fernando Preciado, Van Der Roest, Esther, Smakman, Matthijs, and Groenestege, Wouter Tiel

Published
2024

4. Harm from the drinking of people you know : A range of effects from different relationships

Author

Laslett, Anne-Marie, Anderson-Luxford, Dan, Willoughby, Bree, Room, Robin, Doran, Chris, Egerton-Warburton, Diana, Jenkinson, Rebecca, Smit, Koen, Jiang, Heng, Laslett, Anne-Marie, Anderson-Luxford, Dan, Willoughby, Bree, Room, Robin, Doran, Chris, Egerton-Warburton, Diana, Jenkinson, Rebecca, Smit, Koen, and Jiang, Heng

Abstract

Aims: To describe the range of effects experienced due to the drinking of people respondents know and analyze risk and protective factors for harm from the drinking of partners and household members, other relatives and friends and co-workers. Design, setting and participants: Surveys of 2574 participants' experiences were obtained from two samples: 1000 people responded to random digitally dialled Australian mobile calls and 1574 participants responded from the Life in AustraliaTM panel survey. Measurements: Respondents were asked whether they had been negatively affected in the previous 12 months by the drinking of persons they knew who were ‘a heavy drinker or drank a lot sometimes’ and the nature of these harms. Weighted logistic regressions were used to analyze differences in rates of key negative outcomes from known others' drinking by gender, age and socio-economic status. Findings: Almost two thirds [60.2%; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 57.7%–62.7%] of participants reported having heavy drinkers in their lives and 21.8% (95% CI = 19.8%–23.9%) reported being negatively affected by the drinking of people they knew well in some way. Participants reported a gamut of effects, including, most commonly, adverse social effects: having to transport relatives and friends who had been drinking, role failure and faults, being emotionally hurt or neglected, serious arguments, family problems, having to care for drinkers and verbal abuse. Less commonly, respondents reported physical or sexual harm, property damage, financial stress and threats from others' drinking. Women (odds ratio = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.13–1.95), younger people, rural, Australian-born (vs. respondents born overseas in non-English speaking countries) and more frequent drinkers were more likely to report harm from a drinker they knew than their counterparts after adjusting for other variables in the model. Conclusions: Australians appear to be commonly adversely affected by the drinking of people they know.

Published
2024
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5. The 2021 Alcohol’s Harm to Others Survey : Methodological Approach

Author

Rintala, Jade, Room, Robin, Smit, Koen, Jiang, Heng, Laslett, Anne-Marie, Rintala, Jade, Room, Robin, Smit, Koen, Jiang, Heng, and Laslett, Anne-Marie

Abstract

Background: The 2021 Alcohol's Harm to Others (AHTO) is a comprehensive survey measuring the prevalence of different harms due to another’s drinking in the Australian population. First implemented in 2008, the AHTO survey has since been adapted to reflect changes in modern survey research and to be comparable with international AHTO surveys. Aims: The current paper aims to provide a detailed account of the 2021 Australian Alcohol's Harm to Others (AHTO) survey, including the procedures for sampling, data collection, weighting, response rate calculation and results from a mode analysis. Methodology: The 2021 AHTO survey was conducted by the Social Research Centre (SRC), whereby 1,000 participants were recruited through Random Digit Dial (RDD) and 1,574 through the Life in Australia Panel™ (LinA). Weights applied to the data to match key respondent demographics to the Australian population and between the two samples. Multivariable logistic regression models were conducted to probe the extent sample source (RDD; LinA) was associated with various survey outcomes. Results: Multiple regression analyses found sample source had a statistically significant association with responses on three out of eight outcomes, with sample source contributing 1 – 8% of the overall variance in these models. Discussion: The current paper highlighted the 2021 AHTO survey’s comprehensiveness and adaptability to a modern research context as its strengths. Yet some limitations were identified relating to the use of bi-modal survey methods. The methodological critiques from the current paper are vital to inform future AHTO surveys used in both a national and international context.

Published
2023
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6. Associations Between Heavy Episodic Drinking, Drinking While Gambling, and Risky Gambling

Author

Smit, Koen, Jiang, Heng, Rockloff, Matthew, Room, Robin, MacLean, Sarah, Laslett, Anne-Marie, Smit, Koen, Jiang, Heng, Rockloff, Matthew, Room, Robin, MacLean, Sarah, and Laslett, Anne-Marie

Abstract

Introduction: Understanding how patterns of drinking are associated with risky gambling in Australia is needed to inform an effective approach to minimise harm. Methods: This cross-sectional questionnaire study reports on 2,704 subsampled participants who completed survey questions about their patterns of drinking. With logistic regressions, we examined whether frequency of heavy episodic drinking (HED) and alcohol use while gambling were associated with risky gambling while controlling for sociodemographic variables. Results: Occasional HED and monthly HED were associated with any gambling (versus no gambling), but frequent HED was not significantly associated with gambling. The opposite pattern was found when predicting risky gambling. Occasional HED (i.e. less than monthly) was not significantly associated, but a higher frequency of HED (at least weekly) was associated with a higher likelihood of risky gambling. Drinking alcohol while gambling was associated with risky gambling, over and above HED. The combination of HED and use of alcohol while gambling appeared to significantly increase the likelihood of risky gambling. Conclusions: The association of HED and alcohol use while gambling with risky gambling highlights the importance of preventing heavy alcohol use among gamblers. The links between these forms of drinking and risky gambling further suggests that individuals who engage in both activities are specifically prone to gambling harm. Policies should therefore discourage alcohol use while gambling for example by prohibiting serving alcohol at reduced prices or to gamblers who show signs of being affected by alcohol and informing individuals of the risks associated with alcohol use while gambling.

Published
2023
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7. Trends in alcohol expenditure in Australia from 1984 to 2015-2016 : An exploratory study

Author

Smit, Koen, Dowling, Rowan, Livingston, Michael, Room, Robin, Laslett, Anne-Marie, Ferrier, Adamm, Livingstone, Charles, Borland, Ron, Jiang, Heng, Smit, Koen, Dowling, Rowan, Livingston, Michael, Room, Robin, Laslett, Anne-Marie, Ferrier, Adamm, Livingstone, Charles, Borland, Ron, and Jiang, Heng

Abstract

Introduction: Excessive alcohol use is associated with non-communicable diseases and social problems, such as work absence, financial problems and family violence. Expenditure and expenditure shares on alcohol are valuable measures to monitor financial activities on this risk behaviour. The aim of this paper is to report trends in alcohol expenditure in Australia over the last two decades. Methods: Data are from six waves of Australian Household Expenditure Surveys from 1984 to 2015–2016. We explored trends of alcohol expenditure among Australians and in different socio-demographic groups in the last 30 years. We further examined changes of expenditure on different on- and off-premises beverages over time. Results: Absolute alcohol expenditure has remained the same between the 1980s and 2016, after accounting for inflation. However, a declining trend in relative alcohol expenditure as a proportion of total household expenditure was found across nearly all demographic groups (e.g., sex, age, employment, household income), except for women aged 45–54, who showed an increasing trend of alcohol expenditure after 1998–1999. Discussion and Conclusions: The current study shows declines in relative alcohol expenditure, which may reflect declines in alcohol's relative importance within the elements of the person's lifestyle they need to pay for and/or increased awareness of alcohol's health and social harms. Further longitudinal analysis should explore additional predictors of household expenditure on alcohol. Results suggest that current bi-annual indexation increases in alcohol tax should account for increases in income to ensure the effectiveness of pricing. Moreover, attention is needed to address drinking among middle-aged females.

Published
2023
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8. Alcohol's harm to others in 2021 : Who bears the burden?

Author

Laslett, Anne-Marie, Room, Robin, Kuntsche, Sandra, Anderson-Luxford, Dan, Willoughby, Bree, Doran, Christopher, Jenkinson, Rebecca, Smit, Koen, Egerton-Warburton, Diana, Jiang, Heng, Laslett, Anne-Marie, Room, Robin, Kuntsche, Sandra, Anderson-Luxford, Dan, Willoughby, Bree, Doran, Christopher, Jenkinson, Rebecca, Smit, Koen, Egerton-Warburton, Diana, and Jiang, Heng

Abstract

Background and aims: Alcohol's harm to others (AHTO) has become a key driver of national and international alcohol policy. This study aimed to produce a contemporary, comprehensive estimate of the correlates and harms from others' drinking in 2021 in Australia. Design, setting, participants and measurements: Across Australia, 2574 adults (1380 women; 1172 men) were sampled via two cross-sectional survey modes: a random-digit dial mobile phone sample of 1000 people and 1574 people from the Life in Australia™ panel survey. In 2021 participants were asked about harms they had experienced from the drinking of family, friends, co-workers and the public in the past year. Applying combined sample weights from each mode, bivariable and adjusted multivariable logistic regressions were used to analyse differences in rates of AHTO by participant gender, age, residence in rural or metropolitan regions, country of birth, education and employment. Findings: In 2021, 23.6% reported being negatively affected by strangers' drinking and 21.3% by the drinking of someone they knew, with 34.3% reporting being negatively affected a lot or a little by either; 42.4% of respondents reported specific harms from strangers' drinking. Thus, 48.1% of respondents reported any harm (negative effects or specific harms) from others' drinking. Women, younger people, Australian-born and heavier episodic drinkers reported significantly higher rates of AHTO compared with other respondents. Smaller percentages (7.5%) of participants reported being harmed substantially by others' drinking, including by people they knew (5.8%) or strangers (2.3%). Stratified analyses showed that heavier drinking, furloughed, younger men who were born overseas in English-speaking countries were affected by others' drinking, whereas women were affected regardless of these factors (apart from age). Conclusions: More than one-third of Australian adults appear to have been negatively affected by others' drinking in 2021, with w

Published
2023
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9. Interplay between genetic risk and the parent environment in adolescence and substance use in young adulthood: A TRAILS study

Author

Pasman, Joëlle A, Smit, Koen, Vollebergh, Wilma A M, Nolte, Ilja M, Hartman, Catharina A, Abdellaoui, Abdel, Verweij, Karin J H, Maciejewski, Dominique, Vink, Jacqueline M, Pasman, Joëlle A, Smit, Koen, Vollebergh, Wilma A M, Nolte, Ilja M, Hartman, Catharina A, Abdellaoui, Abdel, Verweij, Karin J H, Maciejewski, Dominique, and Vink, Jacqueline M

Abstract

Many adolescents start using tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis. Genetic vulnerability, parent characteristics in young adolescence, and interaction (GxE) and correlation (rGE) between these factors could contribute to the development of substance use. Using prospective data from the TRacking Adolescent Individuals' Lives Survey (TRAILS; N = 1,645), we model latent parent characteristics in young adolescence to predict young adult substance use. Polygenic scores (PGS) are created based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for smoking, alcohol use, and cannabis use. Using structural equation modeling we model the direct, GxE, and rGE effects of parent factors and PGS on young adult smoking, alcohol use, and cannabis initiation. The PGS, parental involvement, parental substance use, and parent-child relationship quality predicted smoking. There was GxE such that the PGS amplified the effect of parental substance use on smoking. There was rGE between all parent factors and the smoking PGS. Alcohol use was not predicted by genetic or parent factors, nor by interplay. Cannabis initiation was predicted by the PGS and parental substance use, but there was no GxE or rGE. Genetic risk and parent factors are important predictors of substance use and show GxE and rGE in smoking. These findings can act as a starting point for identifying people at risk.

Published
2023

10. A Trustworthy Robot Buddy for Primary School Children

Author

Smakman, Matthijs H. J., primary, Vanegas, Daniel F. Preciado, additional, Smit, Koen, additional, Leewis, Sam, additional, Okkerse, Youri, additional, Obbes, Jesper, additional, Uffing, Thom, additional, Soliman, Marina, additional, van der Krogt, Tony, additional, and Tönjes, Lucas, additional

Published
2022
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13. Exposure to Parental Alcohol Use Is Associated with Adolescent Drinking Even When Accounting for Alcohol Exposure of Best Friend and Peers.

Author

Smit, Koen, Zucker, Robert A, and Kuntsche, Emmanuel

Subjects
*MULTIPLE regression analysis, *PRENATAL exposure delayed effects, *ALCOHOL drinking, *QUESTIONNAIRES, *ALCOHOL drinking in college, *LONGITUDINAL method, *PREGNANCY
Abstract

Aims To further disentangle the role of exposure to drinking of role models (parents, peers, best friends) in the development of young adolescent alcohol use, the current study examined (a) whether parent's alcohol use exposure was associated with alcohol use outcomes among adolescents and (b) whether this association remained significant when including best friend and peer drinking exposure. Methods A longitudinal study followed 765 adolescents from the Netherlands over 3 years. Adolescents (45.6% male, Mage = 11.78, standard deviation = 0.49 at baseline) completed questionnaires every 6 months, resulting in seven measurement waves. Adolescents reported their own alcohol use and exposure to parental, best friend and peers drinking. Results Multilevel regression analyses indicated that parental alcohol use exposure was positively associated with a higher likelihood of adolescent alcohol use in the past 6 months, drinking in the last month and binge drinking in the last month. These associations remained significant when including exposure to peer and best friend's alcohol use, also when controlling for alcohol use at the previous timepoint (i.e. change in drinking). These associations were also consistent for boys and girls. Conclusions Throughout early adolescence, parental alcohol exposure matters for their offspring's alcohol use, independently of whether peers or their best friend expose them to alcohol or not. Parental alcohol exposure should be considered in prevention efforts to further decrease the number of adolescents that engage in early alcohol use and binge drinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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14. The perceived usage scenario's of continuous monitoring, continuous auditing and continuous assurance: an explorative study

Author

Zoet, Martijn, Smit, Koen, and Mantelaers, Eric

Subjects
continuous auditing, scenarios, continuous monitoring, continuous assurance
Abstract

Continuous monitoring, continuous auditing and continuous assurance are three methods that utilize a high degree of business intelligence and analytics. The increased interest in the three methods has led to multiple studies that analyze each method or a combination of methods from a micro-level. However, limited studies have focused on the perceived usage scenarios of the three methods from a macro level through the eyes of the end-user. In this study, we bridge the gap by identifying the different usage scenarios for each of the methods according to the end-users, the accountants. Data has been collected through a survey, which is analyzed by applying a nominal analysis and a process mining algorithm. Results show that respondents indicated 13 unique usage scenarios, while not one of the three methods is included in all of the 13 scenarios, which illustrates the diversity of opinions in accountancy practice in the Netherlands.

Published
2020

15. Alcohol expectancies change in early to middle adolescence as a function of the exposure to parental alcohol use

Author

Smit, Koen, Voogt, Carmen, Otten, Roy, Kleinjan, Marloes, Kuntsche, Emmanuel, Leerstoel Finkenauer, Youth in Changing Cultural Contexts, Leerstoel Finkenauer, and Youth in Changing Cultural Contexts

Subjects
Male, Parents, Coping (psychology), Longitudinal study, Adolescent, Alcohol Drinking, Offspring, Alcohol expectancies, Poison control, Toxicology, Suicide prevention, Occupational safety and health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Exposure to alcohol use, Injury prevention, Medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Longitudinal Studies, Child, Social Behavior, Pharmacology, Parenting, business.industry, Human factors and ergonomics, Psychiatry and Mental health, Adolescent Behavior, Longitudinal, Female, business, Developmental Psychopathology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Demography
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 218468pub.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Introduction: The subjective effects of alcohol, i.e., alcohol expectancies (AE), are important predictors of alcohol use. This three-year longitudinal study examined: 1) the development of enhancement, social, coping, and conformity AE from age 10-16; 2) the association between parental alcohol use exposure and positive AE among adolescents and between exposure and changes in AE over the six month period and 3) the moderating effect of gender on the association between exposure and change in AE. Methods: A longitudinal study followed adolescents between 10-13-years old at baseline (N = 755; 45.6 % boys) in six months intervals for three years, resulting in seven measurements. Results: Adolescents most strongly endorsed enhancement AE. Social and coping AE dimensions positively increased over time. The estimated Multilevel Model of Change revealed that exposure to either fathers 'or mothers' alcohol use predicted an increase in social AE six months later (B = .129, SE = .032). Exposure to fathers' drinking predicted an increase in enhancement AE for boys (B = .075, SE = .031) but not for girls (B=-0.045, SE = .030). No associations between parental exposure and other AE dimensions were found. Conclusion: The results add to previous studies in showing that the association between parental drinking behavior and offspring AE develops within short periods. Prevention should, therefore, include explicit guidelines for parents with respect to how their drinking behavior affect their offspring. 7 p.

Published
2020

16. From age 4 to 8, children become increasingly aware about normative situations for adults to consume alcohol

Author

Voogt, Carmen, Smit, Koen, Kleinjan, Marloes, Otten, Roy, Scheffers, Tessa, Kuntsche, Emmanuel, Voogt, Carmen, Smit, Koen, Kleinjan, Marloes, Otten, Roy, Scheffers, Tessa, and Kuntsche, Emmanuel

Abstract

AIMS: Limited cross-sectional studies have indicated that young children have some knowledge of the type of situations in which adults usually consume alcohol. However, it is unclear when and how this knowledge develops over time. This study tests the hypothesis that between the ages of 4 and 8, children become more knowledgeable about common drinking situations (e.g. 'partying') and uncommon situations (e.g. 'driving').METHODS: Data of two independent samples were used: a cross-sectional study (parents) and a three-wave longitudinal study (children). Parents and children were recruited via a convenience and random sampling strategy, respectively. To identify common, ambivalent, and uncommon drinking situations, parents (N = 158; 47% men) completed an online survey in which they indicated how common it is that any adult would drink alcohol in the 18 situations of the Dutch electronic appropriate beverage (eABT). Children (N = 329; 48.9% boys) completed the Dutch eABT to assess their knowledge of situations in which adults usually consume alcohol.RESULTS: General linear model repeated measures with post-hoc pairwise comparisons showed that parents' perceptions of common, ambivalent, and uncommon situations in which adults consume alcohol predicted the initial level and the change over time in children's knowledge of adults' alcohol use in these situations.CONCLUSIONS: Children aged 4-8 become increasingly knowledgeable about drinking norms in specific situations which implies that they know in what kind of situation alcohol consumption is a common human behavior. This knowledge may put them at risk for early alcohol initiation and frequent drinking later in life.

Published
2020

20. Governing roles and responsibilities in a human-machine decision-making context: A governance framework

Author

Smit, Koen and Zoet, Martijn

Subjects
RAPID, decision model and notation (DMN), decision-making, autonomy
Abstract

Proper decision-making is one of the most important capabilities of an organization. Therefore, it is important to have a clear understanding and overview of the decisions an organization makes. A means to understanding and modeling decisions is the Decision Model and Notation (DMN) standard published by the Object Management Group in 2015. In this standard, it is possible to design and specify how a decision should be taken. However, DMN lacks elements to specify the actors that fulfil different roles in the decision-making process as well as not taking into account the autonomy of machines. In this paper, we re-address and-present our earlier work [1] that focuses on the construction of a framework that takes into account different roles in the decision-making process, and also includes the extent of the autonomy when machines are involved in the decision-making processes. Yet, we extended our previous research with more detailed discussion of the related literature, running cases, and results, which provides a grounded basis from which further research on the governance of (semi) automated decision-making can be conducted. The contributions of this paper are twofold; 1) a framework that combines both autonomy and separation of concerns aspects for decision-making in practice while 2) the proposed theory forms a grounded argument to enrich the current DMN standard.

Published
2019

21. An exploratory study on notational characteristics of visual notations used in decision management

Author

Leewis, Sam, Smit, Koen, Berkhout, Matthijs, Post, Ruben, and Zoet, Martijn

Subjects
evaluation, keywords-decision management, physics of notations (PoN), visual notations
Abstract

The visual representation of Information System (IS) artefacts is an important aspect in the practical application of visual representations. However, important and known visual representation principles are often undervalued, which could lead to decreased effectiveness in using a visual representation. Decision Management (DM) is one field of study in which stakeholders must be able to utilize visual notations to model business decisions and underlying business logic, which are executed by machines, thus are IS artefacts. Although many DM notations currently exist, little research actually evaluates visual representation principles to identify the visual notations most suitable for stakeholders. In this paper, the Physics of Notations framework of Moody is operationalized and utilized to evaluate five different DM visual notations. The results show several points of improvement with regards to these visual notations. Furthermore, the results could show the authors of DM visual notations that well-known visual representation principles need to be adequately taken into account when defining or modifying DM visual notations.

Published
2019

22. A verification framework for business rules management in the Dutch Government context

Author

Smit, Koen, Zoet, Martijn, and Berkhout, Matthijs

Subjects
business rules management, Business rules, decision model and notation (DMN), capabilities, verification, Dutch Government
Abstract

Since an increasing amount of business decision/logic management solutions are utilized, organizations search for guidance to design such solutions. An important aspect of such a solution is the ability to guard the quality of the specified or modified business decisions and underlying business logic to ensure logical soundness. This particular capability is referred to as verification. As an increasing amount of organizations adopt the new Decision Management and Notation (DMN) standard, introduced in September 2015, it is essential that organizations are able to guard the logical soundness of their business decisions and business logic with the help of certain verification capabilities. However, the current knowledge base regarding verification as a capability is not yet researched in relation to the new DMN standard. In this paper, we re-address and - present our earlier work on the identification of 28 verification capabilities applied by the Dutch government [1]. Yet, we extended the previous research with more detailed descriptions of the related literature, findings, and results, which provide a grounded basis from which further, empirical, research on verification capabilities with regards to business decisions and business logic can be explored.

Published
2019

23. Exposure to Parental Alcohol Use Rather Than Parental Drinking Shapes Offspring's Alcohol Expectancies

Author

Smit, Koen, Voogt, Carmen, Otten, Roy, Kleinjan, Marloes, Kuntsche, Emmanuel, Smit, Koen, Voogt, Carmen, Otten, Roy, Kleinjan, Marloes, and Kuntsche, Emmanuel

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Alcohol expectancies (AE), that is, the anticipated effects of alcohol, start developing early in childhood and are important predictors of alcohol use years later. Whereas previous research has demonstrated that parental drinking relates to children's AE, this study aims to test whether exposure to parental alcohol use mediates the link between parental alcohol use and positive and negative AE among children (6 to 8 years) and early adolescents (12 to 15 years).METHODS: Longitudinal multi-informant family studies were conducted in the Netherlands among children (Study 1 (2015 to 2017): N = 329; 48.9% boys; Mage = 4.6) and adolescents (Study 2 [2015 to 2018]: N = 755; 45.6% boys; Mage = 11.3). Fathers' and mothers' alcohol use in terms of quantity and exposure (i.e., the frequency of alcohol use in 9 family-specific situations), and offspring's AE were collected using online questionnaires.RESULTS: Structural equation modeling conducted in the full sample and separately by gender revealed the following: For children, no associations were found in the full sample. However, gender-specific results indicated that fathers' exposure was associated with (and mediated) favorable AE. Among adolescents, fathers' exposure was associated with (and mediated) social and coping AE (both boys and girls) and enhancement AE (only boys). Contrastingly, neither mothers' alcohol use nor its exposure was associated with any AE. Although different associations were found by offspring's gender, strong evidence for gender differences was lacking.CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that, for specific expectancies, exposure to fathers' alcohol use shapes offspring's cognitions about the effects of alcohol, rather than fathers' alcohol use in general. Prevention efforts could focus on lowering the degree to which fathers expose their drinking, which might be more easily changeable than drinking in general.

Published
2019

25. An Explorative Dive into Decision Rights and Governance of Blockchain: A Literature Review and Empirical Study.

Author

Leewis, Sam, Smit, Koen, and van Meerten, John

Subjects
BLOCKCHAINS, LITERATURE reviews, SMART cities, FOCUS groups, SEMI-structured interviews
Abstract

Background: Blockchain technology and accompanying programmed protocols (smart contracts) offer disruptive opportunities for businesses, public institutions, society, and its citizens. However, blockchain is a relatively young research area: the number of publications available regarding blockchain did not begin to rise significantly until 2012, and certain fields of the blockchain domain remain to be explored. A similar situation exists with research into the governance of blockchain solutions focusing on decision rights: the limited number of theoretical and empirical contributions hinders the proper adoption of governance mechanisms in practice. Method: A mixed-method approach was conducted in which 1) a structured literature review, 2) semi-structured interviews, and 3) a focus group discussion were utilized to determine the current situation regarding decision rights in the context of blockchain governance. Results: The structured literature review resulted in a total of 23 relevant contributions. Those contributions were consolidated to serve as input for a total of twelve semi-structured interviews, and for a focus group session with five participants, who were not part of the interviewee pool. Using that approach, an overview of the concepts, relationships and mechanisms pertinent to decision rights was composed. Conclusions: Considered together, the results show that decision rights are often overlooked at the start of a blockchain project, where technical considerations are dominant in the discussion with stakeholders. However, research also points out that the longer it takes to address decision rights in a blockchain consortium, the more complex and costly it becomes to introduce governance mechanisms at a later stage. Another important conclusion is that consensus is currently lacking as to what constitutes blockchain governance and what part decision rights play in governance processes, in both theoretical and practical terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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26. Organization and governance of business rules management capabilities

Author

Smit, Koen, Versendaal, Slot, R. G., Zoet, M.M., Faculty Management, Science & Technology, RS-Research Program Learning and Innovation in Resilient systems (LIRS), and Versendaal, Johan

Subjects
BRM, Business Rule Management
Abstract

Properly managed business decisions and business logic are important assets for or-ganizations. Organizations in general, and government agencies in particular, increas-ingly utilize (semi-)automated decision making in products and services delivery. Or-ganizations obtain grip on regulatory compliance by well managing decision making processes. Organizations must secure adequate translation of legal sources into their products and services delivery. An approach to do so is through Business Rules Man-agement (BRM).Most research performed on BRM can be classified as technical (taking an information technology perspective), while research on the organizational implementation (taking an information systems perspective), considering organizational topics, is mainly un-accounted for. Furthermore, current research into BRM does not always adequately take into account the practical application of research results. Can an organization actually use the theory or artefact proposed?The above may well explain why professional practice experiences challenges when adopting BRM in their organizations. We see that 1) BRM-tooling is immature, 2) col-laboration between vendors is lacking, and 3) there is insufficient knowledge on how to apply BRM. As a consequence 4) organizations do not strategically and structurally embed BRM, and 5) rather few successful BRM-Systems (BRMS) are known.With the aim to seize these observations and to add to the scientific body of knowledge on BRM's information systems perspective this thesis focuses on so called BRM capabilities10 by proposing theory and delivering artefacts that could guide or-ganizations adopting BRM. The following main research question is addressed in this thesis: How can business rules management be organized and governed?To answer this question, multiple subquestions are posed and addressed, utilizing a multimethod approach, taking into account the limited body of knowledge on the or-ganizational aspects of BRM. The thesis describes the application of literature reviews, grounded theory coding, focus groups, Delphi studies and case studies. This research mainly focuses on the Dutch government, including several large Dutch government agencies. The results of the research are presented in three interrelated parts: 1) concepts and principles for business rules management, 2) business rules manage-ment implementation challenges, and 3) business rules management governance.Regarding the first part: in the second chapter of this thesis, a BRM reference process is presented with seven main processes: 'elicitation', 'design', 'acceptation', 'deploy-ment', 'execution', 'governance' and 'evaluation', together with underlying subpro-cesses. In the third chapter, 11 compliance principles are identified and described. Examples are 'all business rules refer to a (legal) source', and 'transparency concern-ing decision-making for clients and users'. In the fourth chapter, a verification frame-work is presented that comprises 28 types of verification that organizations could implement to ensure proper (automated) execution of their business decisions and business logic. Examples are 'circularity verification' (checking whether a conclusion fact of a parent business rule is used as a condition fact in the underlying business rule, while at the same time the conclusion fact of the underlying decision is used as a condition fact in the parent business rule), 'equivalence verification' (checking for business rules which are expressed differently, yet with the same outcome), and 'con-flict conclusion verification' (checking whether conclusions exist that are established using different business rules and facts). This part closes with the fifth chapter, which presents 34 functional requirement themes for BRMS of which examples are (in this case related to the 'elicitation' of business rules): the ability to 'import sources', 'anno-tate sources', 'generate overviews' and 'perform impact-analyses'.The second part aims to identify challenges that organizations face implementing BRM-solutions. The identification of challenges was performed for the 'elicitation', 'design', 'specification', 'verification', 'validation' and 'governance' capabilities of BRM, resulting in a total of 53 challenges. In the sixth chapter, 28 implementation challeng-es are identified with regards to specifically the 'elicitation', 'design' and 'specification' BRM-capabilities. Examples are the 'lack or low quality of governance of a fact vo-cabulary' and the 'unwanted dependency on external parties to translate law and reg-ulations into business decisions and business logic'. In the seventh chapter, 17 imple-mentation challenges are identified with regards to the 'verification' and 'validation' BRM capabilities. Examples are 'the trade-offs between precision, expressiveness, naturalness and simplicity of business rules', and 'the lack of (proper) validation re-garding the business logic that is communicated with stakeholders' (i.e. Dutch citi-zens). Lastly, in the eighth chapter, eight implementation challenges are identified with regards to the 'governance' BRM capability. Examples are 'the lack of knowledge regarding existing governance standards' and 'the poor meta-data quality that ham-pers adequate governance'.The third part focuses on the organization of BRM-governance, which is subdivided in two studies. In the ninth chapter a business control system is presented, with 14 performance indicators that can be used to evaluate the implementation of BRM capabili-ties. Examples of performance indicators are 'the amount of business rules that can-not be automated' and 'the time required to define, verify, and validate a single busi-ness rule'. Then, in the tenth chapter, a traceability framework for BRM is proposed that presents three traceability domains, being the source domain, the implementa-tion-independent domain (which functions as a single point of truth) and the imple-mentation-dependent domain (which encompasses the implemented 'pieces of law' across different information systems). Each of the domains comprise several (layered) elements that represent the different levels of abstraction for which a piece of law can be traced. A piece of law can, for example, be traced on five levels of abstraction: on law level, article level, paragraph level, sentence level, or word level. Organizations could utilize these domains and the layered elements as these make explicit the de-sign choices that must be made to properly implement traceability.The results of the research contribute to the body of knowledge on how to organize and govern BRM in organizations. Notably, results consist of the identification and elaboration of (sub)processes, design principles, capabilities and challenges. New insight are provided on, and mature, the information systems perspective in BRM re-search. Other scholars can take the research further, e.g. in further evaluation of the results and building on its outcomes.Based on the outcomes of the various studies included in this thesis, it is summarized that organizations can define strategies from the research outcomes to design and implement their BRM capabilities, while avoiding or mitigating the challenges identi-fied. At the time of writing, the results already affect organizations: some Dutch gov-ernment agencies are utilizing the results for the (re)design of their BRM capabilities. Also, the process of making explicit the implementation challenges at the participating organizations resulted in these organizations actively investing resources to mitigate these challenges. Future research should aim to measure the effectiveness of the results and proposed artefacts in similar or dissimilar contexts.

Published
2018

27. Identifying Challenges in Business Rules Management Implementations regarding the Elicitation, Design, and Specification Capabilities at Dutch Governmental Institutions

Author

Smit, Koen, Zoet, Martijn, Versendaal, J.M., Academic Field Technology, and RS-Research Program Learning and Innovation in Resilient systems (LIRS)

Subjects
Government, Implementation Challenges, Business Rules Management, Capabilities
Abstract

Proper decision making represent one of an organization’s most important capabilities. To manage decisions and underlying business rules, an increasing number of organizations have begun to use business rules management (BRM). However, given BRM research’s and practice’s nascence, we need to more deeply understand the challenges in implementing BRM capabilities. As such, from collecting and analyzing two three-round focus groups and two three-round Delphi studies, we identified 28 main challenges that five Dutch governmental institutions experienced in eliciting, designing, and specifying business rules. We also discuss directions for future research.

Published
2018

29. Alcohol-related cognitions in children (aged 2-10) and how they are shaped by parental alcohol use: A systematic review

Author

Voogt, Carmen, Beusink, Miriam, Kleinjan, Marloes, Otten, Roy, Engels, Rutger, Smit, Koen, Kuntsche, Emmanuel, and Youth in Changing Cultural Contexts

Subjects
Alcohol-related norms, Alcohol-related knowledge, Alcohol expectancies, Parental alcohol use, Alcohol-related cognitions, Children
Abstract

BACKGROUND: This systematic review aims to summarize the evidence of the impact of parental alcohol use on the acquisition of children's alcohol-related cognitions (alcohol-related knowledge, alcohol-related norms, alcohol expectancies) in the developmental period from age two to ten. METHODS: A computer-assisted systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, PsychINFO, ERIC, and EMBASE. Overall, 20 out of the 3406 unique articles identified in the first screening were included. RESULTS: The results revealed that children acquire knowledge about alcohol already at age two and from age four on, they understand its use in adult culture. By the age of four, children have certain alcohol expectancies. The evidence of the impact of parental alcohol use on the acquisition of children's alcohol-related cognitions is inconsistent so far with studies showing positive and no effects. Unfortunately, the existing evidence is limited because most studies a) were conducted exclusively in the United States and more than two decades ago, b) used cross-sectional study designs, and c) used non-representative samples recruited using convenience sampling strategies. CONCLUSIONS: Research on children's alcohol-related cognitions is underdeveloped. To elucidate the conclusions about alcohol involvement in early life, studies with longitudinal study designs need to be conducted among representative samples of children and early adolescents by using age-appropriate measurement tools in a broader cultural context.

Published
2017

31. Abstracts from the Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Meeting 2016

Author

Pouessel, Guillaume, Claverie, Claire, Labreuche, Julien, Renaudin, Jean-Marie, Dorkenoo, Aimée, Eb, Mireille, Moneret-Vautrin, Anne, Deschildre, Antoine, Leteurtre, Stephane, Grabenhenrich, Linus, Worm, Margitta, Dölle, Sabine, Scherer, Kathrin, Hutteger, Isidor, Christensen, Morten, Bindslev-Jensen, Carsten, Mortz, Charlotte, Eller, Esben, Kjaer, Henrik F, Carneiro-Leão, Leonor, Badas, Jenny, Coimbra, Alice, Levy, Dikla P, Ben-Shoshan, Moshe, Rimon, Ayelet, Benor, Shira, Arends, Nicolette J T, Edelbroek, Nikki, de Groot, Hans, Emons, Joyce A M, Brand, H. K A, Verhoeven, Dirk, van Veen, Leonieke N, de Jong, Nicolette W, Noh, Geunwoong, Jang, Eun H, Pascal, Mariona, Dominguez, Olga, Piquer, Mònica, Alvaro, Montserrat, Jimenez-Feijoo, Rosa, Lozano, Jaime, Machinena, Adriana, del Mar Folqué, Maria, Giner, Maria T, Plaza, Ana M, Turner, Paul, Patel, Nandinee, Vazquez-Ortiz, Marta, Lindsley, Sarah, Walker, Lucy, Rosenberg, Simon, Mari, Adriano, Alessandri, Claudia, Giangrieco, Ivana, Tuppo, Lisa, Rafaiani, Chiara, Mitterer, Georg, Ciancamerla, Michela, Ferrara, Rosetta, Bernardi, Maria L, Zennaro, Danila, Tamburrini, Maurizio, Ciardiello, Maria A, Harwanegg, Christian, Fernandez, Antonio, Selb, Regina, Egenmann, Philippe, Epstein, Michelle, Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Karin, Koning, Frits, Lovik, Martinus, Clare Mills, E. N, Moreno, Javier, van Loveren, Henk, Wal, Jean-Michel, Diesner, Susanne, Bergmayr, Cornelia, Pfitzner, Barbara, Assmann, Vera E, Starkl, Philipp, Endesfelder, David, Eiwegger, Thomas, Szepfalusi, Zsolt, Fehrenbach, Heinz, Jensen-Jarolim, Erika, Hartmann, Anton, Pali-Schöll, Isabella, Untersmayr, Eva, Wille, Soren, Meyer, Peter, Klingebiel, Caroline, Lidholm, Jonas, Ehrenberg, Angelica, Östling, Jonas, Cleach, Isabelle, Mège, Jean-Louis, Vitte, Joana, Aina, Roberta, Dubiela, Pawel, Pfeifer, Sabine, Bublin, Merima, Radauer, Christian, Humeniuk, Piotr, Kabasser, Stefan, Asero, Riccardo, Bogas, Gador, Gomez, Francisca, Campo, Paloma, Salas, Maria, Doña, Inmaculada, Barrionuevo, Esther, Guerrero, Maria A, Mayorga, Cristobalina, Prieto, Ana, Barber, Domingo, Torres, Maria J, Jamin, Annette, Wangorsch, Andrea, Ballmer, Barbara, Vieths, Stefan, Scheurer, Stephan, Apostolovic, Danijela, Mihailovic, Jelena, Krstic, Maja, Starkhammar, Maria, Velickovic, Tanja C, Hamsten, Carl, van Hage, Marianne, van Erp, Francine C, Knol, Edward F, Kansen, Hannah M, Pontoppidan, Bo, Meijer, Yolanda, van der Ent, Cornelis K, Knulst, André C, Sayers, Rebekah, Brown, Helen, Custovic, Adnan, Simpson, Angela, Mills, Claire, Schulz, Juliane, Akkerdaas, Jaap, Totis, Muriel, Capt, Annabelle, Herouet-Guicheney, Corinne, van Ree, Ronald, Banerjee, Tushar, Banerjee, Antima, Claude, Mathilde, Bouchaud, Grégory, Lupi, Roberta, Castan, Laure, Tranquet, Olivier, Denery-Papini, Sandra, Bodinier, Marie, Brossard, Chantal, De Poi, Rosella, Gritti, Elisa, De Dominicis, Emiliano, Popping, Bert, de Laureto, Patrizia P, Palosuo, Kati, Kukkonen, Anna K, Pelkonen, Anna, Mäkelä, Mika, Lee, Nanju A, Rost, Johanna, Muralidharan, Sridevi, Campbell, Dianne, Mehr, Sam, Nock, Catherine, Baumert, Joseph, Taylor, Steve, Mastrorilli, Carla, Tripodi, Salvatore, Caffarelli, Carlo, Perna, Serena, Di Rienzo Businco, Andrea, Sfika, Ifigenia, Dondi, Arianna, Bianchi, Annamaria, Dascola, Carlotta P, Ricci, Giampaolo, Cipriani, Francesca, Maiello, Nunzia, del Giudice, Michele M, Frediani, Tullio, Frediani, Simone, Macrì, Francesco, Pistoletti, Chiara, Iacono, Iride D, Patria, Maria F, Varin, Elena, Peroni, Diego, Comberiati, Pasquale, Chini, Loredana, Moschese, Viviana, Lucarelli, Sandra, Bernardini, Roberto, Pingitore, Giuseppe, Pelosi, Umberto, Olcese, Roberta, Moretti, Matteo, Cirisano, Anastasia, Faggian, Diego, Travaglini, Alessandro, Plebani, Mario, Verga, Maria C, Calvani, Mauro, Giordani, Paolo, Matricardi, Paolo M, Ontiveros, Noe, Cabrera-Chavez, Francisco, Galand, Julie, Beaudouin, Etienne, Pineau, Florence, Sakai, Shinobu, Matsunaga, Kayoko, Teshima, Reiko, Larré, Colette, Denery, Sandra, Tschirner, Sebastian, Trendelenburg, Valérie, Schulz, Gabriele, Niggemann, Bodo, Beyer, Kirsten, Bouferkas, Youcef, Belabbas, Younes, Saidi, Djamel, Kheroua, Omar, Mecherfi, Kamel E E, Guendouz, Malika, Haddi, Abir, Kaddouri, Hanane, Amaral, Luis, Pereira, Ana, Rodrigues, Susana, Datema, Mareen, Jongejan, Laurian, Clausen, Michael, Knulst, Andre, Papadopoulos, Nikolaos, Kowalski, Marek, de Blay, Frédéric, Zwinderman, Aeilko, Hoffman-Sommergruber, Karin, Ballmer-Weber, Barbara, Fernandez-Rivas, Montserrat, Deng, Shan, Yin, Jia, Eisenmann, Charlotte, Nassiri, Maria, Reinert, Rabea, van der Valk, Johanna P M, van Wijk, Roy G, Vergouwe, Yvonne, Steyerberg, Ewout W, Reitsma, Marit, Wichers, Harry J, Savelkoul, Huub F J, Vlieg-Boerstra, Berber, Dubois, Anthony E J, Carolino, Fabrícia, Rodolfo, Ana, Cernadas, Josefina, Roa-Medellín, Dasha, Rodriguez-Fernandez, Ana, Navarro, Joaquín, Albendiz, Vicente, Baeza, María L, Intente-Herrero, Sonsoles, Mikkelsen, Andrea, Mehlig, Kirsten, Lissner, Lauren, Verrill, Linda, Luccioli, Stefano, van Bilsen, Jolanda, Kuper, Frieke, Wolterbeek, André, Rankouhi, Tanja R, Verschuren, Lars, Cnossen, Hilde, Jeurink, Prescilla, Garssen, Johan, Knippels, Léon, Garthoff, Jossie, Houben, Geert, Leeman, Winfried, Eleonore Pettersson, M., Schins, Afke M M, Koppelman, Gerard H, Kollen, Boudewjin J, Zubchenko, Svitlana, Kuntz, Sarah, Mérida, Pablo, Álvaro, Montserrat, Piquer, Monica, Riggioni, Carmen, Castellanos, Juan H, Jimenez, Rosa, Cap, Melanie, Drumez, Elodie, Lejeune, Stéphanie, Thumerelle, Caroline, Mordacq, Clémence, Nève, Véronique, Ricò, Sonia, Varini, Margherita, Nocerino, Rita, Cosenza, Linda, Amoroso, Antonio, Di Costanzo, Margherita, Di Scala, Carmen, Bedogni, Giorgio, Canani, Roberto B, Turner, Paul J, Poza-Guedes, Paloma, González-Pérez, Ruperto, Sánchez-Machín, Inmaculada, Matheu-Delgado, Victor, Wambre, Erik, Ballegaard, Anne-Sofie, Madsen, Charlotte, Gregersen, Juliane, Bøgh, Katrine L, Aubert, Philippe, Neunlist, Michel, Magnan, Antoine, Lozano-Ojalvo, Daniel, Pablos-Tanarro, Alba, Pérez-Rodríguez, Leticia, Molina, Elena, López-Fandiño, Rosina, Rekima, Akila, Macchiaverni, Patricia, Turfkruyer, Mathilde, Holvoet, Sebastien, Dupuis, Lénaïck, Baiz, Nour, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Mercenier, Annick, Nutten, Sophie, Verhasselt, Valérie, Mrakovcic-Sutic, Ines, Banac, Srdan, Sutic, Ivana, Baricev-Novakovic, Zdenka, Sutic, Ingrid, Pavisic, Valentino, Muñoz-Cano, Rosa, Jiménez-Rodríguez, Teodoríkez, Corbacho, Daniel, Roca-Ferrer, Jordi, Bartra, Joan, Bulog, Aleksandar, Micovic, Vladimir, Markiewicz, Lidia, Szymkiewicz, Agata, Szyc, Anna, Wróblewska, Barbara, Harvey, Bryan M, Harthoorn, Lucien F, Wesley Burks, A., Rentzos, Georgios, Björk, Anna-Lena B, Bengtsson, Ulf, Barber, Colin, Kalicinsky, Chrystyna, Breynaert, Christine, Coorevits, Lieve, Jansen, Cornelia, Van Hoeyveld, Erna, Verbeke, Kristin, Kochuyt, Anne-Marie, Schrijvers, Rik, Deleanu, Diana, Muntean, Adriana, Konstantakopoulou, Maria, Pasioti, Maria, Papadopoulou, Anastasia, Iliopoulou, Anna, Mikos, Nikolaos, Kompoti, Evangelia, de Castro, Eunice D, Bartalomé, Borja, Ue, Kok L, Griffiths, Elizabeth, Till, Stephen, Grimshaw, Kate, Roberts, Graham, Selby, Anna, Butiene, Indre, Larco, Jose I, Dubakiene, Ruta, Fiandor, Ana, Fiocchi, Alessandro, Papadopoulos, Nikos, Sigurdardottir, Sigurveig, Sprikkelman, Aline, Schoemaker, Anne-Fleur, Xepapadaki, Paraskevi, Keil, Thomas, Cojocariu, Zizi, Barbado, Beatriz S, Iancu, Vasti, Arroabarren, Esozia, Esarte, Marta G, Arteaga, Miren, Andrade, Mayra C, Borges, Denise, Kalil, Jorge, Bianchi, Pedro G, Agondi, Rosana C, Gupta, Rinkesh K, Sharma, Akanksha, Gupta, Kriti, Das, Mukul, Dwivedi, Premendra, Karseladze, Rusudan, Jorjoliani, Liana, Saginadze, Lali, Tskhakaia, Mariam, Basello, Katia, Piuri, Gabriele, Speciani, Attilio F, Speciani, Michela C, Camerotto, Carla, Zinno, Francesco, Pakholchuk, Olga, Nedelska, Svitlana, Pattini, Stefano, Costantino, Maria T, Peveri, Silvia, Villalta, Danilo, Savi, Eleonora, Costanzi, Andrea, Revyakina, Vera A, Kiseleva, Marina A, Kuvshinova, Elena D, Larkova, Inna A, Shekhetov, Anton A, Silva, Diana, Moreira, André, Plácido, José, van der Kleij, Hanneke, van Twuijver, Esther, Sutorius, Robbert, de Kam, Pieter-Jan, van Odijk, Jenny, Lindqvist, Helen, Lustig, Elin, Jácome, Amyra A A, Aguilar, Karla L B, Domínguez, Miguel G, Hernández, David A M, Caruso, Cristiano, Casale, Cono, Rapaccini, Gian L, Romano, Antonino, De Vitis, Italo, Cocco, Renata R, Aranda, Carolina, Mallozi, Marcia C, Motta, Jackeline F, Moraes, Lilian, Pastorino, Antonio, Rosario, Nelson, Goudouris, Ekaterini, Porto, Arnaldo, Wandalsen, Neusa F, Sarinho, Emanuel, Sano, Flavio, Solé, Dirceu, Pitsios, Constantinos, Petrodimopoulou, Maria, Papadopoulou, Ekaterini, Passioti, Maria, Kontogianni, Meropi, Adamia, Nino, Khaleva, Ekaterina, del Prado, Ana P, Du Toit, George, Krzych, Edyta, Samolinska-Zawisza, Urszula, Furmanczyk, Konrad, Tomaszewska, Aneta, Raciborski, Filip, Lipiec, Agnieszka, Samel-Kowalik, Piotr, Walkiewicz, Artur, Borowicz, Jacek, Samolinski, Boleslaw, Nano, Aimee L, Recto, Marysia, Somoza, Maria L, López, Natalia B, Alzate, Diana P, Ruano, Francisco J, Garcimartín, Maria I, Haroun, Elisa, de la Torre, Maria V, Rojas, Antonia, Onieva, Montserrat L, Canto, Gabriela, Rodrigues, Alexandra, Forno, Andreia, Cabral, António J, Gonçalves, Rute, Vorozhko, Ilya, Sentsova, Tatyana, Chernyak, Olga, Denisova, Svetlana, Ilènko, Lidia, Muhortnich, Valery, Zimmermann, Caroline, Rohrbach, Alexander, Bakhsh, Faisal R, Boudewijn, Kollen, Oomkes-Pilon, Anne-Marie, Van Ginkle, Dorien, Šilar, Mira, Jeverica, Anja, Vesel, Tina, Avčin, Tadej, Korošec, Peter, van der Valk, Johanna, Berends, Irene, Arends, Nicolette, van Maaren, Maurits, Wichers, Harry, Emons, Joyce, Dubois, Anthony, de Jong, Nicolette, Matsyura, Oksana, Besh, Lesya, Huang, Chung-Hsiung, Jan, Tong-Rong, Stiefel, Gary, Tratt, Jean, Kirk, Kerrie, Carolino, Fabricia, Arasi, Stefania, Caminiti, Lucia, Crisafulli, Giuseppe, Fiamingo, Chiara, Fresta, Jlenia, Pajno, Giovanni, Remington, Ben, Kruizinga, Astrid, Marty Blom, W., Westerhout, Joost, Bijlsma, Sabina, Baumert, Joe, Blankestijn, Mark, Otten, Henny, Klemans, Rob, Michelsen-Huisman, Anouska D, van Os-Medendorp, Harmieke, Kruizinga, 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Astrid G, Versluis, Astrid, van Duijn, Gert, de Zeeuw-Brouwer, H. M, Castenmiller, Jacqueline J M, Noteborn, Hub P J M, Houben, Geert F, Bravin, Kristian, Luyt, David, Javed, Bushra, Couch, Phil, Munro, Christopher, Padfield, Phil, Sperrin, Matt, Byrne, Aideen, Oosthuizen, Lizalet, Kelleher, Carina, Ward, Fiona, Brosnan, Niamh, King, Graham, Corbet, Eva, Guzmán, Josué A H, García, Montserrat B, Asensio, Oscar, Navarrete, Laura V, Larramona, Helena, Miró, Xavier D, Pyrz, Katarzyna, Austin, Moira, Boloh, Yanne, Couch, Philip, Galloway, Deirdre, Hernandez, Pilar, Hourihane, Jonathan O, Kenna, Fiona, Majkowska-Wojciechowska, Barbara, Regent, Lynne, Themisb, Marina, Schnadt, Sabine, Semic-Jusufagic, Aida, Galvin, Audrey D, Kauppila, Tiina, Kuitunen, Mikael, Kitsioulis, Nikolaos A, Douladiris, Nikolaos, Kostoudi, Sofia, Manolaraki, Ioanna, Mitsias, Dimitris, Manousakis, Emmanouil, Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G, Knibb, Rebecca, Hammond, Jennifer, Cooke, Richard, Yrjänä, Jaakko, Hanni, Anna-Maija, Vähäsarja, Päivi, Mustonen, Oona, Dunder, Teija, Kulmala, Petri, Lasa, Eva, D’Amelio, Carmen, Martínez, Sara, Joral, Alejandro, Gastaminza, Gabriel, Goikoetxea, Maria J, Candy, David C A, Van Ampting, Marleen T J, Oude Nijhuis, Manon M, Butt, Assad M, Peroni, Diego G, Fox, Adam T, Knol, Jan, Michaelis, Louise J, Padua, Ines, Padrao, Patricia, Moreira, Pedro, Barros, Renata, Sharif, Hanan, Ahmed, Manzoor, Gomaa, Nehad, Mens, Joris, Smit, Koen, Timmermans, Frans, Poredoš, Tomaž, Jeverica, Anja K, Sedmak, Marjeta, Benedik, Evgen, Accetto, Meta, Zupančič, Mirjana, Yonamine, Glauce, Soldateli, Gustavo, Aquilante, Bruna, Pastorino, Antonio C, de Moraes Beck, Cleonir L, Gushken, Andrea K, de Barros Dorna, Mayra, dos Santos, Cristiane N, Castro, Ana P M, Al-Qahtani, Abdulhadi, Arnaout, Rand, Khaliq, Agha R, Amin, Rashid, Sheikh, Farrukh, Alvarez, Jorge, Anda, Marta, Palacios, Miriam, De Prada, Montserrat, Ponce, Carmen, Balbino, Bianca, Sibilano, Riccardo, Marichal, Thomas, Gaudenzio, Nicolas, Karasuyama, Hajime, Bruhns, Pierre, Tsai, Mindy, Reber, Laurent L, Galli, Stephen J, Ferreira, Ana R, Cernadas, Josefina R, del Campo García, Aida, Fernández, Sara P, Carrera, Nerea S, Sánchez-Cruz, Fernando B, Lorenzo, José R F, Claus, Stephanie, Pföhler, Claudia, Ruëff, Franziska, Treudler, Regina, Jaume, Mercedes E, Madroñero, Agustin, Perez, Maria T G, Julia, Juan C, Plovdiv, Charlotte H, Gethings, Lee, Langridge, Jim, Adel-Patient, Karine, Bernard, Hervé, Barcievic-Jones, Ivona, Sokolova, Raditsa, Yankova, Rumyana, Ivanovska, Mariya, Murdjeva, Marianna, Popova, Tatyana, Dermendzhiev, Svetlan, Karjalainen, Martin, Lehnigk, Ulrike, Brown, Duncan, Locklear, Julie C, Locklear, Julie, Maris, Ioana, Hourihane, Jonathan, Ornelas, Cristina, Caiado, Joana, Ferreira, Manuel B, Pereira-Barbosa, Manuel, Puente, Yolanda, Daza, Juan C, Monteseirin, Francisco J, Ukleja-Sokolowska, Natalia, Gawronska-Ukleja, Ewa, Zbikowska-Gotz, Magdalena, Bartuzi, Zbigniew, Sokolowski, Lukasz, Adams, Aine, Mahon, Bernard, English, Karen, Gourdon-Dubois, Nelly, Sellam, Laetitia, Pereira, Bruno, Michaud, Elodie, Messaoudi, Khaled, Evrard, Bertrand, Fauquert, Jean-Luc, Palomares, Francisca, Gomez, Gador, Rodriguez, Maria J, Galindo, Luisa, Molina, Ana, Paparo, Lorella, Mennini, Maurizio, Aitoro, Rosita, Wawrzeńczyk, Adam, Przybyszewski, Michał, Wawrzeńczyk, Anna, Sarıcoban, Hulya E, Ugras, Meltem, Yalvac, Zerrin, Flokstra-de Blok, Bertine M J, van der Velde, J. L, Vereda, Andrea, Ippolito, Clara, Traversa, Amaranta, Adriano, Daniela, Bianchi, Daniela M, Gallina, Silvia, Decastelli, Lucia, Makatsori, Melina, Miles, Anne, Devetak, Sonja P, Devetak, Iztok, Tabet, Soraya A, Trandbohus, Jeanette F, Winther, Pernille, Malling, Hans-Jørgen, Hansen, Kirsten S, Garvey, Lene H, Wang, Chia-Chi, Cheng, Yin-Hua, Tung, Chun-Wei, Dietrich, Mariola, Marenholz, Ingo, Kalb, Birgit, Grosche, Sarah, Blümchen, Katharina, Schlags, Rupert, Price, Mareike, Rietz, Sylke, Esparza-Gordillo, Jorge, Lau, Susanne, Lee, Young-Ae, Almontasheri, Ali, Bahkali, Mohammad A, Elshorbagi, Sahar, Alfhaid, Abdullah, Altamimi, Mashary, Madbouly, Eman, Al-Dhekri, Hassan, Arnaout, Rand K, Basagaña, Maria, Miquel, Sira, Bartolomé, Borja, Brix, Bettina, Rohwer, Stefanie, Brandhoff, Sandra, Berger, Alena, Suer, Waltraud, Weimann, Alf, Bueno, Cristina, Martín-Pedraza, Laura, Abián, Sara, Segundo-Acosta, Pablo S, López-Rodríguez, Juan C, Barderas, Rodrigo, Batanero, Eva, Cuesta-Herranz, Javier, Villalba, María T, Correia, Magna, Benito-Garcia, Filipe, Arêde, Cristina, Piedade, Susana, Morais-Almeida, Mário, Hindley, James, Yarham, Ross, Kuklinska-Pijanka, Anna, Gillick, David, Patient, Karine, Chapman, Martin D, Miranda, Ana, Matos, Eugénia, Sokolova, Anna, Rao, Huan, Baricevic-Jones, Ivona, Smith, Frances, Xue, Wentong, Magnusdottir, Helga, Vidarsdottir, Anna G, Lund, Sigrun, Jensen, Anders B, Ludviksson, Bjorn R, Simon, Reyna, Elfont, Robert, Bennett, Sean, Voyksner, Robert, de Lurdes Torre, Maria, Yürek, Songül, Faber, Margaretha A, Bastiaensen, Annick, Mangodt, Evelyne, van Gasse, Athina, Decuyper, Ine, Sabato, Vito, Hagendorens, Margo M, Bridts, Chris H, De Clerck, Luc S, Ebo, Didier, Schwarz, Susanne, Ziegert, Mandy, Albroscheit, Saskia, Schwager, Christian, Kull, Skadi, Behrends, Jochen, Röckendorf, Niels, Schocker, Frauke, Frey, Andreas, Homann, Arne, Becker, Wolf-Meinhard, Jappe, Uta, Zaabat, Nesrine, Osscini, Sylvia, Agabriel, Chantal, Sterling, Benoît, Carsin, Ania, Liabeuf, Valérie, Maćków, Monica, Zbróg, Alina, Bronkowska, Monica, Courtois, Justine, Gadisseur, Romy, Bertholet, Catherine, Lukas, Pierre, Cavalier, Etienne, Delahaut, Philippe, Quinting, Birgit, Gertmo, Margareta B, Hasseus, Ewa T, Barzylovych, Vladyslava, Oliveira, Júlio, Ensina, Luis F, Aranda, Carolina S, Dopazo, Leire, Lopez, Rebeca, Perez, Raquel, Santos-Diez, Laura, Bilbao, Agurtzane, Garcia, Juan M, Núñez, Ignacio G, Mármol, María Á A, Villarejo, María J B, Martos, José A B, Vergara, Marina S, García, José M I, Michalska, Agata, Sergiejko, Grzegorz, Zacniewski, Robert, Ghiordanescu, Ileana-Maria, Deaconu, Cristina, Popescu, Mihaela, Bumbacea, Roxana S, Ibranji, Alkerta, Nikolla, Elida, Loloci, Gjustina, Juel-Berg, Nanna, Larsen, Lau F, Poulsen, Lars K, Marcelino, João, Prata, Ricardo, Costa, Ana C, Duarte, Fátima, Neto, Marta, Santos, Jennifer, Pestana, Luís C, Sampaio, Daniel, Minale, Paola, Dignetti, Paola, Bignardi, Donatella, Nedelea, Irena, Popescu, Florin-Dan, Vieru, Mariana, Secureanu, Florin-Adrian, Ganea, Carmen S, Vieira, Miguel, Silva, José P M, Watts, Timothy, Watts, Sophia, Lomikovska, Marta, Peredelskaya, Marina, Nenasheva, Natalia, Filipovic, Ivana, Zivkovic, Zorica, Filipovic, Djordje, Higgs, Jennette, Warner, Amena, and Jones, Carla

Published
2017

33. Compliance Principles for Decision Management Solutions at the Dutch Government

Author

Zoet, Martijn, Smit, Koen, and Slot, Raymond

Subjects
Decision Management, Compliance, Dutch Government
Abstract

From the article: Abstract Since decision management is becoming an integrated part of business process management, more and more decision management implementations are realized. Therefore, organizations search for guidance to design such solutions. Principles are often applied to guide the design of information systems in general. A particular area of interest when designing decision management solutions is compliance. In an earlier published study (Zoet & Smit, 2016) we took a general perspective on principles regarding the design of decision management solutions. In this paper, we re-address our earlier work, yet from a different perspective, the compliance perspective. Thus, we analyzed how the principles can be utilized in the design of compliant decision management solutions. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to specify, classify, and validate compliance principles. To identify relevant compliance principles, we conducted a three round focus group and three round Delphi Study which led to the identification of eleven compliance principles. These eleven principles can be clustered into four categories: 1) surface structure principles, 2) deep structure principles, 3) organizational structure principles, and 4) physical structure principles. The identified compliance principles provide a framework to take into account when designing information systems, taking into account the risk management and compliance perspective.

Published
2016

34. Assess Malnutrition Risk Case Study

Author

Zoet, Martijn, Smit, Koen, and Berkhout, Matthijs

Subjects
Decision Model and Notation, Assess Malnutrition Risk, Business Rules Management, Decision Management, Student Case
Abstract

Decisions are used by organizations to manage and execute their coordinated, value-adding decision-making and are thereby among an organization’s most important assets. To be able to manage deci-sions and underlying business rules, Decision Management (DM) and Business Rules Management (BRM) are increasingly being applied at organisations. One of the latest developments related to the domain of DM and BRM is the introduction of the Decision Model and Notation (DMN) in September 2015 by the Object Management Group (OMG). The goal of this technical paper is to provide students with a case to practice the specification, verification, validation, deployment, execution, monitoring and governance of business rules in practice.

Published
2016

35. A Classification of Modification Categories for Business Rules

Author

Zoet, Martijn, Leewis, Sam, and Smit, Koen

Subjects
Business Rules Modifications, Change Management, Business Rule Architectures, Business Rules Management
Abstract

Author supplied Business rules play a critical role in an organization’s daily activities. With the increased use of business rules (solutions) the interest in modelling guidelines that address the manageability of business rules has increased as well. However, current research on modelling guidelines is mainly based on a theoretical view of modifications that can occur to a business rule set. Research on actual modifications that occur in practice is limited. The goal of this study is to identify modifications that can occur to a business rule set and underlying business rules. To accomplish this goal we conducted a grounded theory study on 229 rules set, as applied from March 2006 till June 2014, by the National Health Service. In total 3495 modifications have been analysed from which we defined eleven modification categories that can occur to a business rule set. The classification provides a framework for the analysis and design of business rules management architectures.

Published
2015

36. Business model for business rules

Author

Haan, Eline, Smit, Koen, and Zoet, Martijn

Subjects
Business models, Business Rules Management, Business Rule Models
Abstract

Business rule models are widely applied, standalone and embedded in smart objects. They have become segregated from information technology and they are now a valuable asset in their own right. As more business rule models are becoming assets, business models to monetize these assets are designed. The goal of this work is to present a step towards business model classification for organizations for which its value position is characterized by business rule models. Based on a survey we propose a business model categorization that is aligned to different types of assets and business model archetypes. The results show five main categories of business models: The value adding business rule model, the ‘create me a business rule model’ business model, the KAAS business model, the bait and hook business model and the market place business model.

Published
2014

37. IT-enabled Quality Management implementations in Small Healthcare Institutions: Method and Case Study

Author

Sewberath Misser, Navin, Versendaal, Johan, Ravesteijn, Pascal, Mens, Joris, and Smit, Koen

Subjects
Healthcare, Quality Management System
Abstract

In the dynamic environment of increasing regulations, increasing patient demand, decentralization of budgets and enforcement of efficiency, small sized healthcare institutions in the Netherlands are having a difficult time. Although these service providers are usually capable of flexibly delivering healthcare, the investment and overhead for implementing and executing on required quality management standards like ISO 9001 is difficult. In this paper we construct a method for the implementation of an IT-enabled quality management system for small sized healthcare institutions, which is applied through case study. The case organisation provides intra- and extramural care for mentally handicapped persons and young adults with a psychiatric disorder. The quality management system implementation is based on 1) a lightweight IT infrastructure (based at a secure data centre and accessible through remote login) implying secure storage of patients' medical and personal information. Furthermore, the Deming (Deming, 1982) cycle enabled processes and protocols are 2) described in an e-handbook and prototyped via an open source process management system which supports the quality regulation demanded for providing care to patients. The case study supports the validity of our method and the fact that small sized healthcare institutions are able to execute their care while adhering to ISO 9001-like standards, with limited initial costs and relatively low cost of ownership

Published
2013

38. From Age 4 to 8, Children Become Increasingly Aware About Normative Situations for Adults to Consume Alcohol.

Author

Voogt C, Smit K, Kleinjan M, Otten R, Scheffers T, and Kuntsche E

Subjects
Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Parents psychology, Alcohol Drinking psychology, Awareness, Social Norms
Abstract

Aims: Limited cross-sectional studies have indicated that young children have some knowledge of the type of situations in which adults usually consume alcohol. However, it is unclear when and how this knowledge develops over time. This study tests the hypothesis that between the ages of 4 and 8, children become more knowledgeable about common drinking situations (e.g. 'partying') and uncommon situations (e.g. 'driving')., Methods: Data of two independent samples were used: a cross-sectional study (parents) and a three-wave longitudinal study (children). Parents and children were recruited via a convenience and random sampling strategy, respectively. To identify common, ambivalent, and uncommon drinking situations, parents (N = 158; 47% men) completed an online survey in which they indicated how common it is that any adult would drink alcohol in the 18 situations of the Dutch electronic appropriate beverage (eABT). Children (N = 329; 48.9% boys) completed the Dutch eABT to assess their knowledge of situations in which adults usually consume alcohol., Results: General linear model repeated measures with post-hoc pairwise comparisons showed that parents' perceptions of common, ambivalent, and uncommon situations in which adults consume alcohol predicted the initial level and the change over time in children's knowledge of adults' alcohol use in these situations., Conclusions: Children aged 4-8 become increasingly knowledgeable about drinking norms in specific situations which implies that they know in what kind of situation alcohol consumption is a common human behavior. This knowledge may put them at risk for early alcohol initiation and frequent drinking later in life., (© The Author(s) 2019. Medical Council on Alcohol and Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.)

Published
2020
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