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Objective: To estimate the frequency of thrombocytopenia among patients with vivax-positive malaria. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Department of General Medicine Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar. Period: May 2022 to November 2022. Material & Methods: Total 140 cohort were observed in this study. Patients were taken as sample according to inclusion and exclusion criteria as per operational definition after the patients' written informed consent. Sociodemographic data was collected on a predesigned questionnaire. History such as febrile illnesses and blood dyscrasias and basic studies and peripheral blood smears were obtained. Results: The results of the study showed the sample has mean age 36 years with SD ± 3.72, of which 70% were men while 30% were women. Thrombocytopenia was observed in 68% of patients. Conclusion: In conclusion, the estimated frequency of thrombocytopenia in vivax malaria was found to be 68%.

Obesity is affecting all countries across the globe and becoming an epidemic. It is a major factor contributing to metabolic disorders, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In Pakistan, CVD has highest mortalities which is closely related to obesity and diabetes. Objective: To determine the frequency of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in local adult obese population. A cross sectional, descriptive study was designed department of Medicine, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. Methods: A total of 136 patients with BMI of more than 25kg/m2 in Medical OPD with age between 18-60 years were included. Weight and height were measured for obesity and BMI calculation. All patients were subjected to 75gm oral glucose tolerance test after 08 hours overnight fast. Venous blood was withdrawn before and after the oral glucose solution and IGT were considered positive if the blood glucose level is between 140- 199mg/dl at 2-hour post oral glucose solution. Results: 136 patients were analyzed in which 42(31%) patients were having age between 18-40 years, 94(69%) patients were having age between 41-60 years. Mean age was 53 years with SD ± 10.44. Forty-nine (36%) patients were male and 87(64%) patients were female. Moreover 24(20%) patients had IGT while 112(80%) patients had normal glucose tolerance. Conclusion: Impaired glucose tolerance was found in 20% of adult obese population. The exponential rise from obesity 1 patients having 8% and obesity 3 patients having 57% IGT shows significantly increased risk.

An efficient numerical method is proposed for the solution of the nonlinear cubic Schrodinger equation. The proposed method is based on the Frechet derivative and the meshless method with radial basis functions. An important characteristic of the method is that it can be extended from one-dimensional problems to multi-dimensional ones easily. By using the Frechet derivative and Newton–Raphson technique, the nonlinear equation is converted into a set of linear algebraic equations which are solved iteratively. Numerical examples reveal that the proposed method is efficient and reliable with respect to the accuracy and stability.

These ferrites had been considered very highly valuable electronic materials for many decades. The ferrite compounds have a hexagonal structure. Nano structural and dielectric features for BaFe12-xLaxO19 (0.00, 0.25.0.50, 0.75, 1.00) nano Hexaferrite (NHFs) was studied present research. The Ba NHF prepared via sol-gel technique. The single phase of barium Nano Hexaferrites of various sample was confirmed by XRD, the average crystalline size calculated in the range of 5 to 13 nm.The lattice parameter lattice constant, X-ray density, bulk density, micro strain and lattice strain are the parameters of XRD which are also calculated. The different parameters of XRD also show the decreasing and increasing trend which is totally depend on the concentration. The hexagonal structure also confirmed by FTIR. There are two frequency band are investigated which are ?1 and ?2 which are associated with tetrahedral stretching band and octahedral stretching band respectively. The different frequency band are calculated at different frequency like ?1=500 to 540 and also ?2 = 413. The dielectric properties also measured in the frequency range from 1 MHz to 3 GHz. There are many others parameters are calculated in dielectric properties such as real and imaginary electric modulus, real and imaginary impedance, dielectric constant, dielectric loss and tangent loss. The parameters of dielectric also showing decreasing and increasing in trend. The real and imaginary impedance plot changes as when the frequency increases, the all the specimens converge on one another, and at a higher frequency, the impedance exhibits coherent nature, which is due to the discharge of space charges.

In this paper, proportional topology optimisation (PTO) with maximum entropy (maxent)-based meshless method is presented for two-dimensional linear elastic structures for both minimum compliance (PTOc) and stress constraint (PTOs) problems. The computation of maxent basis functions is efficient as compared to the standard moving least square (MLS) and possesses a weak Kronecker delta property leading to straightforward imposition of Dirichlet boundary conditions. The PTO is a simple, non-gradient, accurate, and efficient method compared to the standard topology optimisation methods. A detailed and efficient implementation of the computational algorithms for both PTOc and PTOs is presented. The maxent basis functions are calculated only once at the start of simulation and used in each optimisation iteration. Young’s modulus for each background cells is calculated using the modified solid isotropic material with penalisation (SIMP) method. A parametric study is also conducted on the degree of proportionality and history dependence of both PTOc and PTOs algorithms. A variety of numerical examples with simple and complex geometries, and structured and unstructured discretisations are presented to show the accuracy, efficiency, and robustness of the developed computational algorithms. Both PTOc and PTOs algorithms can handle large topological changes, and provide excellent optimisation convergence characteristics.

In the present work, local radial basis function (RBF) collocation method is used to solve the Stokes problem numerically. Benefits of the local meshless method is its flexibility of handling complex computational domain and interface. Local meshless method produces sparse coefficient matrix, though its structure is depending on the placement of nodes, and type of boundary conditions. The Stokes equations are collocated in a rectangular region with different interface conditions and direct solvers are used instead of iterative algorithm. Due to the unknown boundary conditions for the pressure term in the Stokes equations, value of the pressure is obtained by integrating the Stokes equations and eliminating the constant of integration. In the numerical implementation, circular, elliptic and Deltoid like interfaces are taken into consideration to test performance of the proposed approach for complex problems. Meshless solution of the Stokes equations for the first two problems are compared with the published results in the literature. The last problem is different form the first two problems in the sense that the continuity equation is also discontinuous and the velocity has nonzero value in both the inner and outer sub-domains.

In the present paper, a reaction-diffusion epidemic mathematical model is proposed for the analysis of the transmission mechanism of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The mathematical model contains six-time and space-dependent classes, namely; Susceptible, Exposed, Asymptomatically infected, Symptomatic infected, Quarantine, and Recovered or Removed (SEQI

This paper presents a meshless element free Galerkin method coupled with the radial basis functions (RBFs) based level set algorithm for topology optimization. The meshless approach provides the struc- tural response and corresponding sensitivities at nodal/grid points, and the solution of RBFs based level set formulation updates the structural geometry accordingly. Thus, this unique and novel approach allows solution of the optimization problems using a single discretization scheme for both the meshless as well as the level set methods. A special technique is proposed for the identification of meshless nodal points within the solid and void regions of the structural geometry. The present method handles the appropriate topological modifications, i.e., hole creation, splitting, merging, etc., affectively. Optimal solutions of the benchmark problems suggest reliability and compatibility of the proposed approach versus the mesh based techniques available within the structural optimization literature.