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Clinically, unique markers in fetal membrane cells may contribute to the search for biomarkers for preterm prelabor rupture of the fetal membranes (pPROM) in maternal blood. pPROM is associated with overwhelming inflammation and premature cellular senescence causing "biological microfractures" of the fetal membranes. We hypothesize that these pathological processes are associated with the shedding of fetal membrane cells into the maternal circulation. The aim of this study was to identify markers expressed exclusively in fetal membrane cells to facilitate their isolation, characterization, and determination of biomarker potential in maternal blood. We have (1), by their transcriptomic profile, identified markers that are upregulated in amnion and chorion tissue compared to maternal white blood cells, and (2), by immunohistochemistry, confirmed the localization of the differentially expressed proteins in fetal membranes, placenta, and the placental bed of the uterus. RNA sequencing revealed 31 transcripts in the amnion and 42 transcripts in the chorion that were upregulated. Among these, 22 proteins were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. All but two transcripts were expressed both on mRNA and protein level in at least one fetal membrane cell type. Among these remaining 20 proteins, 9 proteins were not significantly expressed in the villous and extravillous trophoblasts of the placenta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women constitute essential part of our society in general but due to various discriminatory treatments they positioned behind men in the society, not because they lack capability but because of the patriarchal norms which have persisted in our culture across different time period. Society has created an image of women being dependent, sophisticated, work confine to managing house, which stands opposite to reality. Every living and nonliving thing on this planet maintains equilibrium for their survival. Women has played key role in defining and maintaining the equilibrium as well as progress of society as a whole. Despite the fact, issues like gender equality, non-discriminatory measures have always brought forward. Women are presenting themselves everywhere, like, Work front, education, entertainment industry, etc. there has been progressive growth in the status of women, but still, women have to battle for equal rights and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new version of the elastic-plastic alternating method has been developed for determining the structural integrity of aging aircraft structures and parts. The proposed method uses a conventional finite element approach to assess the extent of the damage and obtain information about the load flow pattern through the structures. Application of this new method has revealed that the presence of rivet holes ahead of a lead crack has detrimental effects on the residual strength of the damaged structures.

Analysis of a stiffened shell structure and a flat plate coupon that characterize an airliner fuselage to study the development of many cracks in a lap joint from a row of fastener holes under cyclic loading reveals that the lap splice with extensive cracking exhibits a fatigue life only till the first linkup. The crack lengths, growth rates and related stress intensity factors exhibit very high values beyond the first linkup. The growth of large cracks under fatigue loading is not stopped by frames or tear straps.

Introduction: Hemophilia is a hereditary bleeding disorder with significant consequences involving the joints, leading to debilitating functions. Prophylactic replacement therapy is limited in lower-middle-income countries, and often it is the episodic or intermittent factor replacement which is feasible. Although many tools are available to evaluate the assessment of joints at the time of initial contact, its utility in response evaluation to intervention is limited. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, we compared the Hemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS) and Functional Independence Score in Hemophilia (FISH) scores pre and postphysiotherapy with intermittent factor support. Results: Forty-eight patients with hemophilia (PwH) were screened, and 18 PwH consented and completed the treatment protocol. The mean duration of physiotherapy was 11 days, with an average total factor consumption of 120 U/Kg. The pre and postphysiotherapy HJHS was 40 ± 18.8 and 19.5 ± 11.9 with a standardized response mean (SRM) of −2.41 (95% confidence interval [CI] −3.25–−1.53) and FISH, 16.89 ± 3.44 and 22.33 ± 3.36 with SRM of 1.78 (195% CI.29–2.23). Both the SRMs were statistically significant (both the P values were 0.000). Conclusion: This study highlights the utility of HJHS and FISH in assessing responsiveness to intermittent prophylaxis and physiotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Timely and accurate detection of land use/land cover (LULC) change is important for the macro and micro level sustainable development of any region. For this purpose, geospatial techniques are the best tool for change analysis as they supply timely, cheaper, precise and up to date information. This paper examines the spatial temporal change trend in LULC in the case of Central Haryana. Landsat 2, 3, 5, 7 and 8 images for the years 1975-2020 for pre- and post-monsoon periods were analyzed for the study. Radiometric correction was performed to derive better information. ArcGIS 10.2 and ENVI 5.3 are used for thematic layout and thematic change preparation. An unsupervised classification using ERDAS IMAGINE 2015 has also been done to classify study area in eight classes. The year 1975 is considered as the base year for change detection analysis. Results showed an increasing trend for the land use classes of built-up, water body, and agricultural land without waterlogging in the preand post-monsoon periods between 1975 and 2020. Remaining land use classes of agriculture with waterlogging, open waterlogged area, vegetation and fallow land/sand dunes decreased during the same period. Increased human activities have changed the LULC in the region and have had a great impact on its sustainable regional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In gestational trophoblastic disease, the prognosis is related to the genetic constitution. In some cases, taking a biopsy is contraindicated. Methods: In a pregnant woman, ultrasound scanning suggested hydatidiform mole. To explore if the genetic constitution can be established without taking a biopsy (or terminating the pregnancy), cell‐free DNA and circulating gestational trophoblasts were isolated from maternal blood before evacuation of the uterus. The evacuated tissue showed the morphology of a complete hydatidiform mole. Without prior whole‐genome amplification, short tandem repeat analysis of 24 DNA markers was performed on the samples, and on DNA isolated from evacuated tissue, and from the blood of the patient and her partner. Results: Identical genetic results were obtained in each of three circulating gestational trophoblasts and the evacuated tissue, showing that this conceptus had a diploid androgenetic nuclear genome. In contrast, analysis of cell‐free DNA was less informative and less specific due to the inherent presence of cell‐free DNA from the patient. Conclusion: Our results show that it is possible to isolate and analyze circulating gestational trophoblasts originating in a pregnancy without maternal nuclear genome. For diagnosing gestational trophoblastic diseases, genotyping circulating gestational trophoblasts appears to be superior to analysis of cell‐free DNA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Role of education and particularly female education in the development process is well documented. Economists of the classical period have also highlighted this association, which is similarly reconfirmed in present times. Besides the social and economic benefits of education, female literacy is considered a bet in improving the health and basic child care. Higher literacy rates show lower poverty ratios amongst different parts of the world. India has also shown a tremendous increase in its literacy rates since independence, but it too holds the largest concentration of poor people in the world. Increasing literacy is considered a harbinger for economic development. This has been postulated to be tested through the case of India. District level analysis of female literacy and its spatial correspondence with asset less population of India in 2011 is ascertained. The present paper attempts to determine the spatial patterns of female literacy and economic development in India. Higher female literacy rate districts are noted for lower proportions of poor populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]