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1. CITADEL: An Icy Worlds Simulation Testbed

Author

Hand, Kevin, Jasper, Jay, Daimaru, Taku, Berisford, Daniel, Sercel, Chris, Kim, David, Roberts, Eric, Kriechbaum, Kristo, Shiraishi, Lori, Neamati, Daniel, Chamberlain-Simon, Brendan, Brinkman, Alex, Green, Thomas, Adams, Grayson, and Kobeissi, Brad

Published
2021

2. CITADEL: An Icy Worlds Simulation Testbed

Author

Kobeissi, Brad, Adams, Grayson, Green, Thomas, Brinkman, Alex, Chamberlain-Simon, Brendan, Neamati, Daniel, Shiraishi, Lori, Kriechbaum, Kristo, Roberts, Eric, Kim, David, Sercel, Chris, Berisford, Daniel, Daimaru, Taku, Jasper, Jay, and Hand, Kevin

Published
2021

3. Autonomous Navigation over Europa Analogue Terrain for an Actively Articulated Wheel-on-Limb Rover

Author

Meirion-Griffith, Gareth, Chamberlain-Simon, Brendan, Emanuel, Blair, Paton, Michael, and Reid, William

Abstract

The ocean world Europa is a prime target forexploration given its potential habitability [1]. We proposea mobile robotic system that is capable of autonomouslytraversing hundreds of meters to visit multiple sites of intereston a Europan analogue surface. Due to the topology of Europanterrain being largely unknown, it is desired that this mobilitysystem traverse a large variety of terrain types. The mobilitysystem should also be capable of crossing unstructured terrainin an autonomous manner given the communications limitationsbetween Earth and Europa.A wheel-on-limb robotic rover is presented that may activelyconform to terrain features up to 1.5 wheel diameters tall whiledriving. The robot uses a sampling-based motion planner togenerate paths that leverage its unique locomotive capabilities.The planner assesses terrain hazards and wheel workspacelimits as obstacles. It may also select a mobility mode basedon predicted energy usage and the need for limb articulationon the terrain being traversed. This autonomous mobility wasevaluated on the chaotic salt-evaporite terrain found in DeathValley, CA, an analogue to the Europan surface. Over the courseof 38 trials, the rover autonomously traversed 435m of extremeterrain while maintaining a rate of 0.64 traverse ending failuresfor every 10m driven.

Published
2020

5. CITADEL: an icy worlds simulation testbed

Author

Adams, Grayson, Green, Thomas, Brinkman, Alex, Chamberlain-Simon, Brendan, Neamati, Daniel, Shiraishi, Lori, Kriechbaum, Kristo, Roberts, Eric, Kim, David, Sercel, Chris, Berisford, Daniel, Daimaru, Taku, Jasper, Jay, and Hand, Kevin

Published
2020

6. CITADEL: an icy worlds simulation testbed

Author

Hand, Kevin, Jasper, Jay, Daimaru, Taku, Berisford, Daniel, Sercel, Chris, Kim, David, Roberts, Eric, Kriechbaum, Kristo, Shiraishi, Lori, Neamati, Daniel, Chamberlain-Simon, Brendan, Brinkman, Alex, Green, Thomas, and Adams, Grayson

Abstract

Icy Worlds present an exciting target for in-situ sample acquisition and analysis of surface samples for their potential to contain conditions necessary to support life. The unknown surface composition and topography of icy worlds present a challenging environment for which to develop effective sampling systems. Testing such sampling systems in a relevant environment is a critical part of validating and refining their design. We have developed the Cryogenic Ice Testing, Acquisition Development, and Excavation Laboratory (CITADEL) to enable sample acquisition and handling operations in an icy world or primitive body representative environment of <70K and 10-5 Pa.

Published
2020

9. Mobility Mode Evaluation of a Wheel-on-Limb Rover on Glacial Ice Analogous to Europa Terrain

Author

Reid, William, Emanuel, Blair, Chamberlain-Simon, Brendan, Karumanchi, Sisir, and Meirion-Griffith, Gareth

Abstract

In this paper, we discuss the development of a multi-modal locomotion system and the results of field trials performed on fractured, glacial ice. Work was performed using the RoboSimian rover: a 32 degree-of-freedom, actively articulated mobility system. Three modes of mobility are compared: wheelrolling, inchworming (push-rolling) and wheel-walking. Each mobility mode is designed to operate with articulated suspension whereby the normal load per wheel, body orientation, and available limb workspace are actively controlled. Each mode is presented individually alongside a discussion of its performance on terrain of varied slope and topographic roughness. Further, the utility of a multi-modal approach is presented, whereby rover immobilization was avoided during field trials through the selection of appropriate mobility modes as a function of terrain properties. Lastly, the results of trials performed using a bodymounted sampling system and its ability to collect and process samples taken 10 cm beneath the surface are discussed.

Published
2020

17. Concepts for Mars On-Orbit Robotic Sample Capture and Transfer

Author

Ohta, Preston, McCormick, Ryan, Dolci, Marco, Smith, Russell, Chamberlain-Simon, Brendan, and Mukherjee, Rudranarayan

Abstract

A potential Mars Sample Return (MSR) mission could require robotic autonomous capture and manipulation of an Orbital Sample (OS) before returning the samples to Earth. In one scenario, an orbiter would capture the OS, manipulate to a preferential orientation, transition it through the steps required to break-the-chain with Mars, stowing it in a containment vessel or an Earth Entry Vehicle (EEV) and providing redundant containment to the OS (for example by closing and sealing the lid of the EEV). In this paper, we discuss the trade-space of concepts generated for both the individual aspects of capture and manipulation of the OS, as well as concepts for the end-to-end system. Notably, we discuss concepts for OS capture, manipulation of the OS to orient it to a preferred configuration, and steps for transitioning the OS between different stages of manipulation, ultimately securing it in a containment vessel or Earth Entry Vehicle.

Published
2017

18. Science goals and mission architecture of the Europa Lander mission concept

Author

Hand, Kevin P., Phillips, Cynthia B., Murray, Alison E., Garvin, James B., Maize, Earl H., Gibbs, Roger G., Reeves, Glenn, San Martin, A. Miguel, Tan-Wang, Grace H., Krajewski, Joel, Hurst, Kenneth, Crum, Ray, Kennedy, Brett A., McElrath, Timothy P., Gallon, John C., Sabahi, Dara, Thurman, Sam W., Goldstein, Barry, Estabrook, Polly, Lee, Steven W., Dooley, Jennifer A., Brinckerhoff, William B., Edgett, Kenneth S., German, Christopher R., Hoehler, Tori M., Hörst, Sarah M., Lunine, Jonathan I., Paranicas, Christopher, Nealson, Kenneth H., Smith, David E., Templeton, Alexis S., Russell, Michael J., Schmidt, Britney E., Christner, Brent C., Ehlmann, Bethany L., Hayes, Alexander, Rhoden, Alyssa, Willis, Peter, Yingst, R. Aileen, Craft, Kate, Cameron, Marissa E., Nordheim, Tom A., Pitesky, Jo, Scully, Jennifer, Hofgartner, Jason D., Sell, Steve W., Barltrop, Kevin J., Izraelevitz, Jacob, Brandon, Erik J., Seong, J., Jones, John-Paul, Pasalic, Jasmina, Billings, Keith J., Ruiz, John Paul, Bugga, Ratnakumar V., Graham, Dan, Arenas, L. A., Takeyama, Deidre, Drummond, Mai, Aghazarian, Hrand, Andersen, Allen J., Andersen, Kayla B., Anderson, E. W., Babuscia, Alessandra, Backes, Paul G., Bailey, Elizabeth S., Balentine, Daniel, Ballard, Christopher G., Berisford, Daniel F., Bhandari, Pradeep, Blackwood, Krys, Bolotin, Gary S., Bovre, Emilee A., Bowkett, Joseph, Boykins, Kobie T., Bramble, Michael S., Brice, Timothy M., Briggs, Paul, Brinkman, Alexander P., Brooks, Shawn M., Buffington, Brent B., Burns, Brandon, Cable, Morgan L., Campagnola,Stefano, Cangahuala, Laureano A., Carr, Gregory A., Casani, John R., Chahat, Nacer E., Chamberlain-Simon, Brendan K., Cheng, Yun-Ting, Chien, Steve A., Cook, B. T., Cooper, Moogega, Dinicola, Michael, Clement, Brian G., Dean, Zachary S., Cullimore, Emily A., Curtis, Aaron G., de la Croix, Jean-Pierre, Di Pasquale, Peter, Dodd, Emma M., Dubord, Luke A., Edlund, Jeffrey A., Ellyin, Raymond, Emanuel, Blair, Foster, Jeffrey T., Ganino, Anthony J., Garner, Gregory J., Gibson, Matt T., Gildner, Matt, Glazebrook, Kenneth J., Greco, Martin E., Green, W. M., Hatch, Sara J., Hetzel, Mark M., Hoey, William A., Hofmann, Amy E., Ionasescu, Rodica, Jain, Abhinandan, Jasper, Jay D., Johannesen, Jennie R., Johnson, Glenn K., Jun, Insoo, Katake, Anup B., Kim-Castet, So Young, Kim, David Inkyu, Kim, Wousik, Klonicki, Emily F., Kobeissi, Brad, Kobie, Bryan D., Kochocki, Joseph, Kokorowski, Michael, Kosberg, Jacob A., Kriechbaum, Kristopher, Kulkarni, Tejas P., Lam, Rebekah L., Landau, Damon F., Lattimore, Myra A., Laubach, Sharon L., Lawler, Christopher R., Lim, Grace, Li, Jui-Lin, Litwin, Todd E., Lo, Martin W., Logan, Cambria A., Maghasoudi, Elham, Mandrake, Lukas, Marchetti, Yuliya, Marteau, Eloise, Maxwell, Kimberly A., McNamee, John B., McIntyre, Ocean, Meacham, Michael, Melko, Joseph P., Mueller, Juergen, Muliere, David, Mysore, Aprameya, Nash, Jeremy, Ono, Masahiro, Parker, Jay M., Perkins, Rebecca C., Petropoulos, Anastassios E., Gaut, Aaron, Piette Gomez, Marie Y., Casillas, Raul Polit, Preudhomme, Michael, Pyrzak, Guy, Rapinchuk, Jacqueline, Ratliff, John Martin, Ray, T. L., Roberts, Eric T., Roffo, Kenneth, Roth, Duane C., Russino, Joseph A., Schmidt, Tyler M., Schoppers, Marcel J., Senent, Juan S., Serricchio, Fred, Sheldon, Douglas J., Shiraishi, Lori R., Shirvanian, James, Siegel, Katherine J., Singh, Gurjeet, Sirota, Allen R., Skulsky, Eli D., Stehly, Joseph S., Strange, Nathan J., Stevens, Sarah U., Sunada, Eric T., Tepsuporn, Scott P., Tosi, Luis Phillipe C., Trawny, Nikolas, Uchenik, Igor, Verma, Vandi, Volpe, Richard A., Wagner, Caleb T., Wang, D., Willson, Reg G., Wolff, John Luke, Wong, A. T., Zimmer, Aline K., Sukhatme, Kalyani G., Bago, Kevin A., Chen, Yang, Deardorff, Alyssa M., Kuch, Roger S., Lim, Christopher, Syvertson, Marguerite L., Arakaki, Genji A., Avila, Art, DeBruin, Kevin J., Frick, Andreas, Harris, Joby R., Heverly, Matthew C., Kawata, Jessie M., Kim‬, Sung-Kyun, Kipp, Devin M., Murphy, Juliana, Smith, Matthew W., Spaulding, Matthew D., Thakker, Rohan, Warner, Noah Z., Yahnker, Chris R., Young, M. E., Magner, Tom, Adams, Danica, Bedini, Peter, Mehr, Lauren, Sheldon, Colin, Vernon, Steven, Bailey, Vince, Briere, Marc, Butler, Michael, Davis, Amanda, Ensor, Susan, Gannon, Michele, Haapala-Chalk, Amanda, Hartka, Ted, Holdridge, Mark, Hong, Albert, Hunt, J., Iskow, Joe, Kahler, Faith, Murray, Kimberly, Napolillo, David, Norkus, Michael, Pfisterer, Rick, Porter, Jamie, Roth, David, Schwartz, Paul, Wolfarth, Lawrence, Cardiff, Eric, Davis, Anita, Grob, Eric W., Adam, Jason R., Betts, Erin, Norwood, Jason, Heller, M. M., Voskuilen, Tyler, Sakievich, Philip, Gray, L., Hansen, D. J., Irick, Kevin W., Hewson, John C., Lamb, Joshua, Stacy, S. C., Brotherton, Chris M., Tappan, Alexander S., Benally, Darryl, Thigpen, Hannah, Ortiz, Erick, Sandoval, Dan, Ison, Aaron M., Warren, M., Stromberg, Peter G., Thelen, Paul Mark, Blasy, B., Nandy, Prabal, Haddad, Alexandria W., Trujillo, Lynna B., Wiseley, T. H., Bell, S. A., Teske, Nicholas P., Post, C., Torres-Castro, Loraine, Grosso, Chris, Wasiolek, Maryla, Hand, Kevin P., Phillips, Cynthia B., Murray, Alison E., Garvin, James B., Maize, Earl H., Gibbs, Roger G., Reeves, Glenn, San Martin, A. Miguel, Tan-Wang, Grace H., Krajewski, Joel, Hurst, Kenneth, Crum, Ray, Kennedy, Brett A., McElrath, Timothy P., Gallon, John C., Sabahi, Dara, Thurman, Sam W., Goldstein, Barry, Estabrook, Polly, Lee, Steven W., Dooley, Jennifer A., Brinckerhoff, William B., Edgett, Kenneth S., German, Christopher R., Hoehler, Tori M., Hörst, Sarah M., Lunine, Jonathan I., Paranicas, Christopher, Nealson, Kenneth H., Smith, David E., Templeton, Alexis S., Russell, Michael J., Schmidt, Britney E., Christner, Brent C., Ehlmann, Bethany L., Hayes, Alexander, Rhoden, Alyssa, Willis, Peter, Yingst, R. Aileen, Craft, Kate, Cameron, Marissa E., Nordheim, Tom A., Pitesky, Jo, Scully, Jennifer, Hofgartner, Jason D., Sell, Steve W., Barltrop, Kevin J., Izraelevitz, Jacob, Brandon, Erik J., Seong, J., Jones, John-Paul, Pasalic, Jasmina, Billings, Keith J., Ruiz, John Paul, Bugga, Ratnakumar V., Graham, Dan, Arenas, L. A., Takeyama, Deidre, Drummond, Mai, Aghazarian, Hrand, Andersen, Allen J., Andersen, Kayla B., Anderson, E. W., Babuscia, Alessandra, Backes, Paul G., Bailey, Elizabeth S., Balentine, Daniel, Ballard, Christopher G., Berisford, Daniel F., Bhandari, Pradeep, Blackwood, Krys, Bolotin, Gary S., Bovre, Emilee A., Bowkett, Joseph, Boykins, Kobie T., Bramble, Michael S., Brice, Timothy M., Briggs, Paul, Brinkman, Alexander P., Brooks, Shawn M., Buffington, Brent B., Burns, Brandon, Cable, Morgan L., Campagnola,Stefano, Cangahuala, Laureano A., Carr, Gregory A., Casani, John R., Chahat, Nacer E., Chamberlain-Simon, Brendan K., Cheng, Yun-Ting, Chien, Steve A., Cook, B. T., Cooper, Moogega, Dinicola, Michael, Clement, Brian G., Dean, Zachary S., Cullimore, Emily A., Curtis, Aaron G., de la Croix, Jean-Pierre, Di Pasquale, Peter, Dodd, Emma M., Dubord, Luke A., Edlund, Jeffrey A., Ellyin, Raymond, Emanuel, Blair, Foster, Jeffrey T., Ganino, Anthony J., Garner, Gregory J., Gibson, Matt T., Gildner, Matt, Glazebrook, Kenneth J., Greco, Martin E., Green, W. M., Hatch, Sara J., Hetzel, Mark M., Hoey, William A., Hofmann, Amy E., Ionasescu, Rodica, Jain, Abhinandan, Jasper, Jay D., Johannesen, Jennie R., Johnson, Glenn K., Jun, Insoo, Katake, Anup B., Kim-Castet, So Young, Kim, David Inkyu, Kim, Wousik, Klonicki, Emily F., Kobeissi, Brad, Kobie, Bryan D., Kochocki, Joseph, Kokorowski, Michael, Kosberg, Jacob A., Kriechbaum, Kristopher, Kulkarni, Tejas P., Lam, Rebekah L., Landau, Damon F., Lattimore, Myra A., Laubach, Sharon L., Lawler, Christopher R., Lim, Grace, Li, Jui-Lin, Litwin, Todd E., Lo, Martin W., Logan, Cambria A., Maghasoudi, Elham, Mandrake, Lukas, Marchetti, Yuliya, Marteau, Eloise, Maxwell, Kimberly A., McNamee, John B., McIntyre, Ocean, Meacham, Michael, Melko, Joseph P., Mueller, Juergen, Muliere, David, Mysore, Aprameya, Nash, Jeremy, Ono, Masahiro, Parker, Jay M., Perkins, Rebecca C., Petropoulos, Anastassios E., Gaut, Aaron, Piette Gomez, Marie Y., Casillas, Raul Polit, Preudhomme, Michael, Pyrzak, Guy, Rapinchuk, Jacqueline, Ratliff, John Martin, Ray, T. L., Roberts, Eric T., Roffo, Kenneth, Roth, Duane C., Russino, Joseph A., Schmidt, Tyler M., Schoppers, Marcel J., Senent, Juan S., Serricchio, Fred, Sheldon, Douglas J., Shiraishi, Lori R., Shirvanian, James, Siegel, Katherine J., Singh, Gurjeet, Sirota, Allen R., Skulsky, Eli D., Stehly, Joseph S., Strange, Nathan J., Stevens, Sarah U., Sunada, Eric T., Tepsuporn, Scott P., Tosi, Luis Phillipe C., Trawny, Nikolas, Uchenik, Igor, Verma, Vandi, Volpe, Richard A., Wagner, Caleb T., Wang, D., Willson, Reg G., Wolff, John Luke, Wong, A. T., Zimmer, Aline K., Sukhatme, Kalyani G., Bago, Kevin A., Chen, Yang, Deardorff, Alyssa M., Kuch, Roger S., Lim, Christopher, Syvertson, Marguerite L., Arakaki, Genji A., Avila, Art, DeBruin, Kevin J., Frick, Andreas, Harris, Joby R., Heverly, Matthew C., Kawata, Jessie M., Kim‬, Sung-Kyun, Kipp, Devin M., Murphy, Juliana, Smith, Matthew W., Spaulding, Matthew D., Thakker, Rohan, Warner, Noah Z., Yahnker, Chris R., Young, M. E., Magner, Tom, Adams, Danica, Bedini, Peter, Mehr, Lauren, Sheldon, Colin, Vernon, Steven, Bailey, Vince, Briere, Marc, Butler, Michael, Davis, Amanda, Ensor, Susan, Gannon, Michele, Haapala-Chalk, Amanda, Hartka, Ted, Holdridge, Mark, Hong, Albert, Hunt, J., Iskow, Joe, Kahler, Faith, Murray, Kimberly, Napolillo, David, Norkus, Michael, Pfisterer, Rick, Porter, Jamie, Roth, David, Schwartz, Paul, Wolfarth, Lawrence, Cardiff, Eric, Davis, Anita, Grob, Eric W., Adam, Jason R., Betts, Erin, Norwood, Jason, Heller, M. M., Voskuilen, Tyler, Sakievich, Philip, Gray, L., Hansen, D. J., Irick, Kevin W., Hewson, John C., Lamb, Joshua, Stacy, S. C., Brotherton, Chris M., Tappan, Alexander S., Benally, Darryl, Thigpen, Hannah, Ortiz, Erick, Sandoval, Dan, Ison, Aaron M., Warren, M., Stromberg, Peter G., Thelen, Paul Mark, Blasy, B., Nandy, Prabal, Haddad, Alexandria W., Trujillo, Lynna B., Wiseley, T. H., Bell, S. A., Teske, Nicholas P., Post, C., Torres-Castro, Loraine, Grosso, Chris, and Wasiolek, Maryla

Abstract

© The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Hand, K., Phillips, C., Murray, A., Garvin, J., Maize, E., Gibbs, R., Reeves, G., San Martin, A., Tan-Wang, G., Krajewski, J., Hurst, K., Crum, R., Kennedy, B., McElrath, T., Gallon, J., Sabahi, D., Thurman, S., Goldstein, B., Estabrook, P., Lee, S. W., Dooley, J. A., Brinckerhoff, W. B., Edgett, K. S., German, C. R., Hoehler, T. M., Hörst, S. M., Lunine, J. I., Paranicas, C., Nealson, K., Smith, D. E., Templeton, A. S., Russell, M. J., Schmidt, B., Christner, B., Ehlmann, B., Hayes, A., Rhoden, A., Willis, P., Yingst, R. A., Craft, K., Cameron, M. E., Nordheim, T., Pitesky, J., Scully, J., Hofgartner, J., Sell, S. W., Barltrop, K. J., Izraelevitz, J., Brandon, E. J., Seong, J., Jones, J.-P., Pasalic, J., Billings, K. J., Ruiz, J. P., Bugga, R. V., Graham, D., Arenas, L. A., Takeyama, D., Drummond, M., Aghazarian, H., Andersen, A. J., Andersen, K. B., Anderson, E. W., Babuscia, A., Backes, P. G., Bailey, E. S., Balentine, D., Ballard, C. G., Berisford, D. F., Bhandari, P., Blackwood, K., Bolotin, G. S., Bovre, E. A., Bowkett, J., Boykins, K. T., Bramble, M. S., Brice, T. M., Briggs, P., Brinkman, A. P., Brooks, S. M., Buffington, B. B., Burns, B., Cable, M. L., Campagnola, S., Cangahuala, L. A., Carr, G. A., Casani, J. R., Chahat, N. E., Chamberlain-Simon, B. K., Cheng, Y., Chien, S. A., Cook, B. T., Cooper, M., DiNicola, M., Clement, B., Dean, Z., Cullimore, E. A., Curtis, A. G., Croix, J-P. de la, Pasquale, P. Di, Dodd, E. M., Dubord, L. A., Edlund, J. A., Ellyin, R., Emanuel, B., Foster, J. T., Ganino, A. J., Garner, G. J., Gibson, M. T., Gildner, M., Glazebrook, K. J., Greco, M. E., Green, W. M., Hatch, S. J., Hetzel, M. M., Hoey, W. A., Hofmann, A. E., Ionasescu, R., Jain, A., Jasper, J. D., Johannesen, J. R., Johnson, G. K., Jun, I., Katake, A. B., Kim-Castet, S. Y., Kim, D. I., Kim, W., Klonicki, E. F., Kobeis, Europa is a premier target for advancing both planetary science and astrobiology, as well as for opening a new window into the burgeoning field of comparative oceanography. The potentially habitable subsurface ocean of Europa may harbor life, and the globally young and comparatively thin ice shell of Europa may contain biosignatures that are readily accessible to a surface lander. Europa's icy shell also offers the opportunity to study tectonics and geologic cycles across a range of mechanisms and compositions. Here we detail the goals and mission architecture of the Europa Lander mission concept, as developed from 2015 through 2020. The science was developed by the 2016 Europa Lander Science Definition Team (SDT), and the mission architecture was developed by the preproject engineering team, in close collaboration with the SDT. In 2017 and 2018, the mission concept passed its mission concept review and delta-mission concept review, respectively. Since that time, the preproject has been advancing the technologies, and developing the hardware and software, needed to retire risks associated with technology, science, cost, and schedule., K.P.H., C.B.P., E.M., and all authors affiliated with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory carried out this research at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (grant No. 80NM0018D0004). J.I.L. was the David Baltimore Distinguished Visiting Scientist during the preparation of the SDT report. JPL/Caltech2021.

Published
2022

21. Rift du Lac Albert, Ouganda, Rift Est Africain : déformation, érosion, sédimentation et bilan de matière depuis 17 Ma

Author

Simon, Brendan, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes, François Guillocheau, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université Rennes 1, and STAR, ABES

Subjects
Stratigraphy, Rift, Lac Albert, [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Tectonique, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Lake Albert, Tectonic, Stratigraphie, Ouganda, Géomorphologie
Abstract

The aim of this work is (1) to study the relationships existing between deformation, erosion and sedimentation and (2) to quantify the erosion-sedimentation budget in a continental rift: the Rift Albert located in Uganda, in the north of the Western Branch of the East African Rifts. This study consists in a triple analysis of the deformation, the sedimentary infilling (biochonostratigraphy, sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy) and the landforms (geomorphology) based on the interpretation of subsurface and surface data. An age model of the sedimentary infilling has been obtained by combination of biotratigraphic data, sequential correlations and paleoprecipitation variation curves. The sedimentological analysis led to the characterization (1) of the sediments source – most of the quartz grains coming from the erosion of a lateritic profile (with low transportation) – and (2) of the depositional environment which consist of perennial deep ( 500m/Ma up to 600-800 m/Ma; sedimentation rate: 2.4 km3/Ma) – Rifting climax; (4) 2.5-0.4 Ma: uplift of the Ruwenzori Mountains and shifting from an alluvial system to a network of bedrock river incision – Rift Stage 2 (subsidence rate: 450 to 250 m/Ma; sedimentation rate: 1.5 km3/Ma); (5) 0.4-0 Ma: long wavelength downwarping, initiation of the Lake Victoria trough, drainage network inversion and uplift of the present-day escarpment.The measurement of the erosion-sedimentation budget show the same order of magnitude with, between 17 and 2.5 Ma, an excess of eroded material (22 000 km3) compared to the sediment volume deposited in the basin (19 000 to 18 000 km3). This difference of volume of 16% can be explained by the high chemical erosion occurring during this period, which one is depreciated by the difference of mineralogy of the clays between the catchment (kaolinites) and the sedimentary basin (dominantly smectites), the neoformation of smectites from kaolinites needing the input of element available in the solution resulting from the chemical weathering of the substratum., L'objectif de ce travail est (1) d'étudier les relations existant entre déformation, érosion et sédimentation et (2) de quantifier les bilans érosion – sédimentation dans un rift continental en domaine tropical : le rift Albert, localisé au nord de la branche ouest du Rift est-africain. Cette étude consiste en une triple analyse de la déformation, du remplissage sédimentaire (biochronostratigraphie, sédimentologie et stratigraphie séquentielle) et des formes du relief (géomorphologie) basée sur l'interprétation de données de subsurface et d'affleurement. Un modèle d'âge des sédiments a été obtenu en combinant données biostratigraphiques, corrélations séquentielles et courbes de variations des paléoprécipitations. L'analyse sédimentologique a permis de caractériser (1) la source des sédiments et (2) le milieu de sédimentation qui consiste en un lac pérenne profond ( 500 m/Ma jusqu'à 600-800 m/Ma; vitesse de sédimentation : 2,4 km3/Ma) – paroxysme d'activité du rift; (4) 2.5-0.4 Ma : surrection de la Ruwenzori et changement de type de système alluvial à l'incision d'un réseau de drainage - stade rift 2 (vitesse de subsidence : 450 à 250 m/Ma; vitesse de sédimentation : 1,5 km3/Ma); (5) 0.4-0 Ma : flexuration initiation de la dépression du Lac Victoria, inversion du réseau de drainage et création de l'escarpement. La mesure du bilan-érosion sédimentation montre des ordres de grandeur identiques, avec, entre 17 et 2,5 Ma, un excès de matériel érodé (22 000 km3) par rapport aux sédiments déposés (19 000 à 18 000 km3). De 16%, cette différence de volume peut s'expliquer par la forte érosion chimique qui prévaut durant cette période, laquelle est péjorée par la différence de nature des argiles entre le bassin versant (kaolinites) et le bassin (smectites dominante), la néoformation de smectites à partir de kaolinites requérant des apports d'éléments disponibles dans les solutions issues de l'altération chimique des roches.

Published
2015

22. Late Paleozoic glacial valleys? underneath the Albert Lake (Uganda-RDC) How they can be replaced in the Gondwana ice cap paleogeography.

Author

Rubino, Jean-Loup, Simon, Brendan, Guillocheau, François, Rousseau, Mathieu, Veillard, Serge, and San-Miguel, Galo

Subjects
*ICE caps, *VALLEYS, *LAKES, *PALEOGEOGRAPHY, *THREE-dimensional imaging, *GLACIAL landforms, *IMAGING systems in seismology
Abstract

Seismic revealed the occurrence of non-fault-controlled deep incisions ranging from 600m up to 1400m into the basement underneath the Albert Lake in Uganda and in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) which could be of glacial origin. They can be imaged with 3D seismic and mapped by the way of 2D seismic profiles. Their profiles are not perfectly typical of glacial valleys but they don't show the classical V-shape fluvial cross–section neither. Moreover, sedimentary infilling is observed to be passive and truncated seismic-reflector terminations are observed by the base of well-calibrated Cenozoic series. Their age is still questionable due to the fact that no deep well penetrates this part of the stratigraphic succession to date. The deepest dated horizon being early Miocene (17Ma, Simon et al. 2017) belonging to the Cenozoic rift series. Hence, these glacial valleys can be:- Precambrian in age, taking into account that slightly metamorphosed tillites occurs within the Bunyoro Series in the Hoima Hills (Davis 1939, Harris 1943 and BjØrlykke 1973) immediately eastward of the lake within the basement. - Late Ordovician considering the known extension of this glacial event covering the entire Gondwana. – or finally Late Paleozoic, which is our working hypothesis considering; first their very good preservation below Tertiary rift series, second because of the occurrence of others evidences of Karoo glacial deposits such as Kirukuma river Tillites exposed in SW Uganda (Westerhof et al. 2014) as well as the Katonga River Fm. (Bradley et al. 2010) and also some others spotty outcrops located along the northern shore of Victoria Lake such as in Entebbe peninsula suggesting that the whole Uganda was beneath the Karoo ice cap and third because thermochronological analysis suggests a very strong denudation during CarboniferousThis is also in agreement with glacial deposits reported in DRC (Cahen & Lapersonne 1981, Linol et al. 2013) westward and north westward, and post-glacial black-shales and coaliferous series (Lukuga Fm.) occurring in Congo Basin (Sachse et al. 2012, Linol et al. 2016). Our valleys network which are pointing toward the NW are on trend with the DRC deposits. Therefore, we can assumed that the glacial flow lines run, in this particular area toward the W-NW; this orientation significantly differs from these measured on striated pavements in Ethiopia and Mozambique which points toward the NE suggesting that a divide may occur somewhere in Uganda. This interpretation fits quite well with the possible location of the polar pole at 340Ma as suggested by López-Gamundí & Buatois (2010) which assume that it is precisely in Uganda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019

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