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2. The microbial and chemical risk analysis of drinking water in a small island, Spermonde Archipelago.

Author

Birawida, Agus B., Daud, Anwar, Ibrahim, Erniwati, Hidayanty, Healthy, Sila, Nurlia, Maming, Maming, Nur, Muhammad, Khaer, Ain, Arundhana, Andi I., and Arsin, Arsunan

Subjects
DRINKING water analysis, DRINKING water, RISK assessment, HEALTH risk assessment, ANALYTICAL chemistry, ARCHIPELAGOES
Abstract

Coastal areas face greater risk in terms of health and the environment. They are the most vulnerable to impacts resulting from climate change. Coastal areas with higher population density also have more environmental problems, such as natural disasters. Environmental health risks from chemicals and microbes continue threatening people living on small islands. Therefore, this study aims to: 1) conduct a chemical risk analysis of heavy metals Pb, Cr(VI), and Ni; 2) analyse the microbial risk posed by drinking water consumed daily by people on small islands. A method used to analyse the chemical risk of heavy metals was the environment health risk assessment (EHRA), whereas to analyse the microbial risk in small islands, the quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) was used. The results showed that the concentration of heavy metals in drinking water was <0.0012 mg·dm-3 for Pb, <0.01 mg·dm-3 for Cr(VI), and <0.0019 mg·dm-3 for Ni. The three heavy metals showed worrying results. Assessment and obtained risk quotient were less than one (RQ < 1) in all samples. Meanwhile, the microbial analysis found Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Enterobacter sp., and Citrobacter sp., with risk characterised from low to high. Risk management is needed to control environmental health risks posed by heavy metals and the microbiological characteristics of drinking water on the small islands of the Spermonde Archipelago. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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3. Risk Factors for Acute Respiratory Infection in Relation to Physical Environment Conditions in Spermonde Archipelago Communities: an Observational Study

Author

Birawida, Agus Bintara, Daud, Anwar, Ibrahim, Erniwati, Sila, Nurlia, Khaer, Ain, Birawida, Agus Bintara, Daud, Anwar, Ibrahim, Erniwati, Sila, Nurlia, and Khaer, Ain

Abstract

Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is a disease caused by the environment and is one of the main causes of high morbidity and mortality. ISPA cases are spread in various areas in South Sulawesi Province, including in the Spermonde Archipelago, Makassar City. In general, there are three main risk factors for the occurrence of ARI, namely environment, individual and behavior. The purpose of this study was to analyze environmental parameters related to the incidence of ARI in the Spermonde Archipelago. The study was conducted using a cross-sectional observational design in 640 neighborhoods. Determination of the sample using the method of proportional systematic random sampling. Statistical data were analyzed by Chi-Square test. The results of the data analysis showed a significant correlation with the variable floor area of ??the house (p = 0.000), indoor lighting (p = 0.023), occupancy density (p = 0.000), and use of mosquito coils (p = 0.000). Variables that did not show a correlation with the incidence of ARI were smoking habits of family members (p = 0.087), ventilation (p = 0.252), and indoor air temperature (p = 0.709). Environmental factors that influence the incidence of ARI are the floor area of ??the house, lighting in the house, residential density, and the use of mosquito coils. Further research is needed to determine the factors causing the physical environmental conditions of the Spermonde Island community., Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) merupakan penyakit akibat lingkungan dan menjadi salah satu penyebab utama tingginya angka kesakitan dan kematian. Kejadian ISPA tersebar di berbagai wilayah di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, termasuk di Kepulauan Spermonde Kota Makassar. Umumnya, terdapat tiga faktor risiko utama penyebab terjadinya ISPA yaitu lingkungan, individu, dan perilaku. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis parameter lingkungan yang berhubungan dengan kejadian ISPA di Kepulauan Spermonde. Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain observasional potong lintang pada 640 Rukun Tetangga. Penentuan sampel menggunakan metode proporsional systematic random sampling. Data statistik dianalisis dengan uji Chi-Square. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan korelasi yang signifikan pada variabel luas lantai rumah (p = 0,000), pencahayaan dalam rumah (p = 0,023), kepadatan hunian (p = 0,000), serta penggunaan obat nyamuk bakar (p = 0,000). Variabel yang tidak menunjukkan korelasi dengan kejadian ISPA yaitu kebiasaan merokok anggota keluarga (p = 0,087), keberadaan ventilasi (p = 0,252), dan suhu udara di dalam rumah (p = 0,709). Faktor lingkungan yang mempengaruhi kejadian ISPA adalah luas lantai rumah, pencahayaan dalam rumah, kepadatan hunian, serta penggunaan obat nyamuk bakar. Dibutuhkan penelitian lanjutan untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab kondisi lingkungan fisik masyarakat pulau spermonde.

Published
2023

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